Wheel alley.* 3. Dorset street.* 4. Garlick hill, Thames street.* 5.
Goodman’s yard, Whitechapel.* 6. Halfmoon alley, Bishopsgate street
without.* 7. Holiwell street.* 8. Lamb alley, Bishopsgate street.* 9.
Leadenhall street.* 10. Little Distaff lane, Old Change.* 11. Little
Elbow lane, Thames street.* 12. Moor lane, Cripplegate.* 13. Peter’s
street, Hicks’s hall.* 14. Spitalfields.* 15. Wentworth street,
Petticoat lane.* 16. Whitecross street, Cripplegate.*
SUGARLOAF _yard_, Holiwell lane, Shoreditch.*
SUN _alley_, 1. Barnaby street, Southwark.* 2. Chick lane, Smithfield.*
3. Cowcross, near Smithfield.* 4. East Smithfield.* 5. Golden lane,
Redcross street.* 6. Grub street, Fore street.* 7. St. John’s street,
Westminster.* 8. Kent street, Southwark.* 9. King street, Cheapside.*
10. Old Gravel lane, Ratcliff Highway.*
SUN AND GUN _yard_, Narrow street, Limehouse.*
SUN AND RAVEN _yard_, Five Feet lane.*
SUN AND TRUMPET _alley_, Whitechapel.*
SUN _court_, 1. Bow lane, Cheapside.* 2. Cock lane, Shoreditch.* 3.
Cornhill.* 4. Deadman’s Place, Southwark.* 5. East Smithfield.* 6. Ivy
lane, Newgate street.* 7. King street, Covent garden.* 8. Petticoat
lane.* 9. Saffron hill.* 10. Sutton’s street, St. John’s street,
Smithfield.* 11. Threadneedle street.* 12. Whitechapel.* 13. Wood
street, Cheapside.* 14. Sun Dial alley, Moorfields.*
SUN FIRE OFFICE, in Threadneedle street, near the Royal Exchange,
and in Craig’s court, Charing Cross, for insuring houses and other
buildings, goods, wares, and merchandize from loss and damage by fire.
This office, which was the first that attempted the insurance of goods
and that of houses beyond the bills of mortality, was according to
Maitland projected by Mr. John Povey about the year 1706, who having
carried it on for sometime with success, conveyed his right to certain
purchasers; who by a deed of settlement of the 7th of April 1710,
erected themselves into a society; and that all persons may, with the
greater security insure in this office, the proprietors have raised an
hundred thousand pounds, as a fund for that purpose.
_Insurances may be made in this office on the following terms._
I. All policies shall be signed and sealed by three or more trustees,
or acting members: by which policies may be insured houses, and other
buildings, houshold furniture, goods, wares, merchandize, and utensils
and implements in trade, being the property of the persons insuring;
except all manner of writings, books of accompts, bills, bonds,
tallies, ready money, jewels, pictures, and gunpowder.
II. Houses, buildings, and goods in trust, and merchandize on
commission, (except as aforesaid) may be insured, provided the same
are declared in the policy to be in trust or on commission, but not
otherwise.
III. On bespeaking policies, all persons are to deposite 7_s._ 6_d._ for
the policy, stamp-duty and mark; and shall pay the premium to the next
quarter-day, and from thence for one year more at least, and shall, as
long as the managers agree to accept the same, make all future payments
annually at the said office, within fifteen days after the day limited
by their respective policies, upon forfeiture of the benefit thereof;
and no insurance is to take place till the premium be actually paid by
the insured, his, her or their agent or agents.
IV. The several heads of insurance are, 1. Common insurances, which are
buildings covered with slate, tile, or lead, and built on all sides
with brick, or stone; where no hazardous trades are carried on, or
hazardous goods and merchandize deposited. On such houses and goods,
any sum not exceeding 200_l._ is insured for 4_s._ _per annum_; any sum
from 200_l._ to 1000_l._ for 2_s._ _per cent. per annum_; and any sum
from 1000_l._ to 3000_l._ at 2_s._ 6_d._ _per cent. per annum_.
2. Hazardous insurances are either timber or plaster buildings,
containing goods and merchandize not hazardous; and in which no
hazardous trades are carried on: or brick or stone buildings wherein
hazardous goods are deposited or hazardous trades carried on. These
hazardous trades and goods are apothecaries, chemists, bread and
biscuit bakers, colourmen, ship and tallow chandlers, stable-keepers,
innholders, malthouses, hemp, flax, tallow, pitch, tar, and turpentine.
On such houses and goods this office insures any sum not exceeding
200_l._ at 6_s._ _per annum_: any sum from 200_l._ to 1000_l._ at 3_s._
_per cent. per annum_; any sum from 1000_l._ to 2000_l._ at 4_s._ _per
cent. per annum_; and any sum from 2000_l._ to 3000_l._ at 5_s._ _per
cent. per annum_.
3. Double hazardous insurances are thatch’d buildings, and goods and
merchandize therein; timber or plaster buildings, wherein hazardous
goods are deposited, or hazardous trades carried on; and also plate,
china, glass, or earthen wares, hay, straw, all manner of fodder, and
corn unthrash’d. Such houses and goods are insured upon the following
terms, any sum not exceeding 200_l._ at 10_s._ _per annum_; any sum
from 200_l._ to 1000_l._ at 5_s._ _per cent. per annum_; and any sum
from 1000 _l._ to 2000_l._ at 7_s._ 6_d._ _per cent. per annum_.
V. Any number of houses, out-houses, with goods or wearing apparel
therein may be insured in one policy, provided the sum insured on each
is particularly mentioned; but in all insurances the premium is to be
paid for even hundred pounds.
If insurances are desired for mills, or for any larger sums than are
specified in the above articles; or for any other insurances more
hazardous than those already described, as sugarbakers, distillers,
or the like; or by reason of the nature of the trade or goods, the
narrowness of the place, or other dangerous circumstances, it may be
done by special agreement.
VI. To prevent frauds, persons insured by this office shall receive no
benefit from their policies, if the same houses or goods are insured in
any other office, unless such insurance be first specify’d and allow’d
by an indorsement on the back of the policy, in which case this office
will pay their ratable proportion on any loss or damage; and if any
person or persons shall insure his, her, or their houses, goods, wares
or merchandize, and shall cause the same to be described in the policy
otherwise than as they really are, so as the same be insured at a lower
premium than proposed in the table, such insurance shall be of no force
nor the person insuring receive any benefit by such policy, in case of
any loss or damage.
VII. No loss or damage to be paid on fire happening by any invasion,
foreign enemy, civil commotion, or any military or usurped power
whatsoever.
VIII. When any person dies, the policy and interest therein shall
continue to the heir, executor, or administrator respectively, to whom
the right of the premises insured shall belong; provided, before any
new payment made, such heir, executor, or administrator, do procure
his or her right to be indorsed on the policy at the said office,
or the premium be paid in the name of the said heir, executor, or
administrator.
IX. Persons changing the habitations or wherehouses, may preserve the
benefit of their policies, if the nature and circumstance of such
policy is not alter’d; but such insurance will be of no force, till
such removal or alteration is allow’d at the office by indorsement on
the policy. Insurances on buildings and goods are deemed distinct and
separate risks; so that the premium on goods is not advanced by reason
of any insurance on the building wherein the goods are kept, nor the
premium on the buildings by reason of any insurance on the goods.
X. Persons insured, sustaining any loss or damage by fire, are
forthwith to give notice thereof at the office, and as soon as possible
afterwards deliver in as particular an account of their loss and
damage, as the nature of the case will admit of, and make proof of the
same by their oath or affirmation, according to the form practis’d
in the said office, and by their books of accounts, or other proper
vouchers, as shall be reasonably required, and procure a certificate
under the hands of the minister and church wardens, together with
some other reputable inhabitants of the parish, not concern’d in such
loss, importing, that they are well acquainted with the character and
circumstances of the person or persons insured, and do know or verily
believe, that he, she, or they, really and by misfortune, without any
fraud or evil practice, have sustain’d by such fire, the loss and
damage, as his, her, or their loss, to the value therein mention’d;
but till such affidavit and certificate of such the insured’s loss
shall be made and produced, the loss-money shall not be payable. And
if there appear any fraud or false swearing, such sufferers shall be
excluded from all benefit by their policies. And in case any difference
arise between the office and the insured, touching any loss or damage,
such difference shall be submitted to the judgment and determination
of arbitrators indifferently chosen, whole award in writing shall be
conclusive and binding to all parties: And when any loss or damage is
settled and adjusted, the insured are to receive immediate satisfaction
for the same, deducting only the usual allowance of 3_l._ _per cent._
_N. B._ In adjusting losses on houses or goods, no wainscot, or any
sculpture or carving-work, is to be valu’d at more than 3_s._ _per_
yard, or plate at more than 5_s._ 6_d._ _per_ ounce.
XI. No receipts are to be taken for any premiums of insurance, but such
as are printed, and issued from the office, and witnessed by one of the
clerks or agents of the office.
Persons may insure for any number of years more than one; and in such
case, there will be an abatement of 6_d._ in the pound _per annum_
on the premiums agreed for, for every year except the first: As to
instance, in a common insurance of 1000_l._ for seven years, the
premium to be paid by the table will be 7_l._ from which 6_d._ in the
pound _per annum_ is to be deducted for the last six years, that is,
3_s._ and 6_d._ _per annum_, which amounts to 1_l._ 1_s._ and reduces
the sum to be paid to 5_l._ 19_s._ and in the same proportion for
any other sums or number of years; and persons insuring can never be
subject to any calls or contributions to make good losses.
_N. B._ For the farther encouragement of persons insuring, there are
provided several fire engines, and there are also employ’d in the
service of the said office, (within the bills of mortality) thirty
ablebody’d firemen, cloath’d in blue liveries, having silver badges
with the Sun mark upon their arms, and twenty able porters, likewise
wearing silver badges with the Sun mark, who are always ready to assist
in quenching fires and removing goods, having given bonds for their
fidelity: And also, all cities and great towns may receive assistance
and encouragement for purchasing engines and proper machines for
putting out fires, upon application to the said office, agreeable
to the number of insurances made by this office in such respective
cities or great towns. From the _proposal delivered by the office in_
Threadneedle _street_, September 21, 1758.
This office is governed by twenty-four directors, under whom is a
secretary, and several clerks.
SUN _street_, Bishopsgate street without.*
SUN TAVERN _fields_, Shadwell.*
SUN TAVERN _fields lane_, Ratcliff.*
SUN _yard_, 1. Bishopsgate street within.* 2. Blackman street,
Southwark.* 3. Bread street, London wall.* 4. Brown street, Bunhill
fields.* 5. Ivy lane, Newgate street.* 6. Nightingale lane, East
Smithfield.* 7. Stepney rents, Shoreditch.* 8. Swan alley Golden lane.*
SUPERSEDEAS OFFICE, in the Poultry Compter. See the article COMPTER.
SURGEONS, a company incorporated with the barbers by Edward IV. in the
year 1461, by the name of _Barbers_, who were then the only surgeons;
but afterwards others practising surgery, who were not barbers, soon
erected themselves into a separate company commonly called the surgeons
of London; but were not incorporated, which the parliament taking into
consideration, united them, with the barbers in the thirty-second year
of the reign of Henry VIII. exempting those practising surgery from
bearing arms, or serving ward and parish offices: by the same act
those who practised shaving were enjoined not to meddle with the art
of surgery, except drawing of teeth; and those who practised surgery
forbid to shave.
In the fifth year of the reign of King Charles I. the surgeons were by
letters patent authorised to elect ten of the freemen of that society
to be examiners of the surgeons of London during life; and it was
ordered, that no person whether a freeman of London, or a foreigner,
should practise surgery within the cities of London and Westminster,
or within the distance of seven miles of the city of London, without
being first examined by two or more of the above examiners, and having
authority from the company of barber surgeons to practise the art of
surgery: allowing all who were thus approved, to practise surgery in
any part of England. It was likewise ordained that no one whether a
freeman of the barber surgeons company, or a foreigner, a native, or
alien, should undertake the office of surgeon of any ship, whether in
the service of the crown, or of any merchant or others, unless they,
and their medicines, instruments and chests, were first examined,
inspected and allowed by two such masters or governors of this company.
The surgeons continued thus incorporated with the barbers, under the
denomination of barber surgeons, till the year 1745; having the same
hall, a very noble structure erected by Inigo Jones, in which is a
theatre, wherein dissections were performed and lectures read. At that
period the surgeons applying to parliament, observed, that since the
two companies had been united, those who had practised surgery have
from their constant application to the study of that science, rendered
it of great benefit to the nation; while the barbers have been long,
and still are employed in a business foreign to, and independent of the
practice of surgery, and therefore finding their union with the barbers
in many respects inconvenient, and that their separation would greatly
contribute to the improvement of surgery, desired that they might be
made distinct and separate companies; upon which an act was passed
accordingly, and the surgeons incorporated by the name of _the master,
governors and commonalty of the art and science of surgery_ of London.
By the above act they were confirmed in the possession of all their
former privileges, impowered to chuse a principal, master, or governor,
two other governors, or wardens, ten examiners of surgeons, and to have
a court of assistants consisting of twenty-one persons. See the article
BARBERS.
But their fine hall was however by the same act given to the barbers,
on which they erected a theatre in the Old Bailey, which is an elegant,
though not an expensive structure. It has a basement story, with square
windows. The principal floor is however raised considerably above
the level of the street, and there is an ascent to it by a double
flight of steps, under which is a door, level with the ground, for
the convenience of bringing in dead bodies executed at Tyburn, for
dissection. The face of this part is Rustic work. At the height of the
steps is a range of Ionic pilasters, within the height of which there
are two series of windows, a row of large ones, with square ones above.
The entablature of the Ionic pilasters supports a plain Attic course,
crowned with vases.
SURRY _street_, in the strand.
SUTTON’S _court_, 1. Bishopsgate street within.† 2. Bishopsgate
street without.† 3. Holbourn hill.† 4. Lincoln’s Inn Fields.†
SUTTON’S _rents_, Chequer Alley.†
SUTTON’S _street_, Hog lane, Soho.†
SWALE _court_, Play House yard.
SWALLOW _street_, Lower Brook street.
SWALLOW’S _gardens_, Rosemary lane.
SWAN _alley_, 1. Barnaby street.* 2. Birchin lane, Cornhill.* 3.
Brown’s lane, Spitalfields.* 4. near White’s alley, Coleman street.*
5. East Smithfield.* 6. Golden lane, Redcross street.* 7. Golden lane,
Redcross street.* 7. Goswell street, Aldersgate street.* 8. in the
Minories.* 9. Puddle Dock hill.* 10. near Ratcliff Cross.* Rotherhith
Wall.* 12. Wardour street.
SWAN AND TWO NECKS, _stable yard_, Tothill street.*
SWAN _court_, 1. Bartholomew lane, Threadneedle street.* 2. Butcher
Row, Temple Bar.* 3. East Smithfield.* 4. Foster lane, Cheapside.* 5.
Grub street, Fore street.* 6. King street, Oxford street.* 7. Mansel
street, Goodman’s Fields.* 9. Narrow Wall, Lambeth.* 10. Petticoat lane,
Whitechapel.*
SWAN _fields_, Shoreditch.†
SWAN _inn yard_, Holbourn Bridge.*
SWAN _street_, Swan Fields.*
SWAN _yard_, 1. Blackman street, Southwark.* 2. Church street,
Lambeth.* 3. Holiwell street, Shoreditch.* 4. Newgate street.*
Nightingale lane.* 6. Old Soho.* 7. Ratcliff Cross.* 8. in the
Strand.† 9. Townsend lane.*
SWAN’S _rents_, Turnmill street.*
SWEDELAND _court_, 1. Bishopsgate street within: 2. Little Tower Hill.
SWEDE’S _church_, Princes square, Ratcliff Highway.
See PRINCE’S SQUARE.
SWEDE’S _court_, 1. Great Trinity lane, from the Swedish church there.
2. New Bond street.
SWEETAPPLE _court_, Bishopsgate street. So called from Sir John
Sweetapple, the owner.
SWEETING’S _alley_, generally called _Swithin’s alley_, the passage by
the east end of the Royal Exchange, from Cornhill into Threadneedle
street. Before the fire of London this whole alley contained but one
house, a very spacious building which belonged to Mr. Swithin or
Sweeting a merchant.
SWEETING’S _passage_, Moor lane, Cripplegate.†
SWEETING’S _rents_, Threadneedle street.†
SWITCH’S _yard_, Upper Ground, Southwark.
SWITHIN’S _alley_, and Swithin’s rents. See SWEETING’S _alley_, and
SWEETING’S _rents_.
_St._ SWITHIN’S, in Canon street, at the west corner of St. Swithin’s
lane in Walbrook ward, is thus denominated from its dedication to St.
Swithin chancellor to King Egbert and Bishop of Winchester, who died
in 806. We read of a church in the same place dedicated to St. Swithin
before the year 1331, but how long it was standing before that time is
uncertain: however the old church was destroyed by the fire of London,
and the present structure arose in its place.
This edifice is sixty-one feet long, and forty-two broad; the roof
is forty feet, and the steeple an hundred and fifty feet in height.
The body is well enlightened, and the windows are arched and well
proportioned. The tower is plain, solid, and cut off at the top, to
give the easier diminution between that part and the base of the spire,
which is surrounded by a balustrade, and has a good diminution.
This church appears to have been anciently under the patronage of the
prior and convent of Tortington in the diocese of Chester, in whom it
continued till the dissolution of that monastery, when Henry VIII.
granted it to the Earl of Oxford, who soon after disposed of it, and
it was at length purchased by the Salters company, in whom it still
continues. On its being rebuilt the Parish of St. Mary Bothaw was
united to it. The rector, besides his other profits, receives 140_l._ a
year in lieu of tithes. _Newc. Repert. Eccles._
SWITHIN’S _lane_, extends from Lombard street, by St. Swithin’s church
into Cannon street.
SWORD AND BUCKLER _court_, Ludgate hill.*
SYCAMORE _yard_, Kent street.‡
SYMOND’S _inn_, on the east side of Chancery lane, is neither an inn of
court nor chancery: but contains several public offices, among which
is the register office. It has been lately rebuilt, and serves to
accommodate several masters in chancery, sollicitors and attornies.
SYTH _lane_, commonly called _Size lane_, near Queen street, Cheapside.
T.
TABERNACLE _yard_, 1. Petticoat lane: 2. Wheeler street, Spitalfields.
TACKLE BLOCK _court_, at the Hermitage, Wapping.
TACKLE PORTERS. See the article PORTERS.
TALBOT _court_, 1. Fleet street.* 2. Gracechurch street.* 3. Little
Eastcheap.* 4. Portpool lane, Leather lane.*
TALBOT _inn yard_, St. Margaret’s hill.*
TALLOW CHANDLERS, a company incorporated by letters patent granted by
King Edward IV. in the year 1463.
This society anciently dealt not only in candles; but in oil,
vinegar, butter, hops and sope; when great frauds being committed by
adulterating oil, they were impowered by Act of Parliament to search
for, and destroy, all that should be found bad; but no reward being
allowed to the searchers, it was soon neglected.
This company has a master, four wardens, and thirty-eight assistants;
with a livery of one hundred and seventy members, who when admitted pay
a fine of 15_l._ each.
They have a handsome hall on the west side of Dowgate hill; it is a
large building with piazzas formed by arches and columns of the Tuscan
order.
TALLY COURT in the Exchequer. See the article EXCHEQUER.
TAN _alley_, 1. Godder’s rents, Wheeler street, Spitalfields: 2. Long
lane, Southwark.
TAN _yard_, Whitecross street.
TANFIELD _court_, inner Temple.†
TANNER’S _row_, Montague street.†
TANNER’S _yard_, 1. Five Feet lane, Barnaby street: 2. Marsham street.†
TARPLET’S _yard_, Narrow street, Limehouse.†
TARRE’S _wharf_, Durham yard, in the Strand.†
TART’S _court_, Smithfield.†
TASH _court_, Tash street.†
TASH _street_, Grays Inn lane.†
TATTLE _street_, Little Grays Inn lane.║
TAVISTOCK _court_, near Covent Garden.
TAVISTOCK _street_, Covent Garden. The above court and this street
were built upon the ground where the Dukes of Bedford had their house
and gardens, till the year 1704, and took this name from his title of
Marquis of Tavistock. _Maitland._
TAXTER’S _rents_, Rotherhith Wall.†
TAX OFFICE, in New Palace yard, is under the direction of six
commissioners, each of whom has 500_l._ _per annum_: under whom is
a comptroller of duties on houses who has 200_l._ a year, and his
clerk 50_l._ ten general surveyors who have 100_l._ _per annum_ each;
163 surveyors of counties who have 50_l._ a year in England, and 40
_l._ a year in Wales; a secretary, who has 90_l._ a year; an assistant
secretary, who has 60_l._ a year; a sollicitor, who has 100_l._ a year;
and two clerks, one of 60_l._ _per annum_, and the other of 50_l._
TAYLOR’S _court_, Bow lane, Cheapside.†
TAYLOR’S _yard_, St. Giles’s street.†
TEED’S _yard_, Worcester street.†
TEEM’S _rents_, Cowcross.†
TEMPLE, two of the inns of court, thus denominated from the edifice
being founded by the knights Templars in England, who had first a house
in Holborn, and afterwards settled here in the reign of Henry II. when
it was dedicated to God and the Blessed Virgin in the year 1185, by
Honorius, patriarch of the church of the holy Resurrection in Jerusalem.
These Templars took their rise in the following manner, several of the
crusaders settled at Jerusalem, about the year 1118, formed themselves
into an uniform militia, under the name of Templars, or knights of the
Temple, a name they assumed from their being quartered near a church
built on the spot where Solomon’s temple had stood.
These first guarded the roads, in order to render them safe for the
pilgrims who came to visit the Holy Sepulchre, and sometime after they
had a rule appointed them by Pope Honorius II. who ordered them to wear
a white habit; and soon after they were farther distinguished by having
crosses made of red cloth on their upper garments. In a short time many
noblemen in all parts of Christendom became brethren of this order, and
built themselves temples in many cities and great towns in Europe, and
particularly in England, where this in Fleet street was their chief
house.
In the thirteenth century the Templars in Fleet street, were in so
flourishing a situation that they frequently entertained the nobility,
the Pope’s nuncio, foreign embassadors, and even the King himself; and
many parliaments and great councils have been held there.