[320] Morse's _A Report to the Secretary of War of the United States on
Indian Affairs_, p. 28.
[321] Kellogg's _Early Narratives of the Northwest, 1634-1699_, p. 50.
[322] _Minnesota Historical Collections_, Vol. VI, p. 209.
[323] Baker to Taliaferro, May 19, 1829.--_Indian Office Files_, 1829,
No. 64.
[324] Speech of Flat Mouth, May 27, 1827.--_Indian Office Files_, 1827,
No. 14.
[325] _Indian Office Files_, 1827, No. 9.
[326] From Mrs. Van Cleve's reminiscences in the _Minnesota Historical
Collections_, Vol. III, p. 80.
[327] The information upon which the entire incident is built is
contained in the letter of Snelling to Atkinson, May 31, 1827, in
_Indian Office Files_, 1827, No. 10; the letter of Taliaferro to Clark,
May 31, 1827, in Indian Office Files, 1827, No. 12; Neill's _The History
of Minnesota_, pp. 391-394; _Reminiscences of Mrs. Ann Adams_ in the
_Minnesota Historical Collections_, Vol. VI, pp. 107-110; _A
Reminiscence_ _of Ft. Snelling_, by Mrs. Charlotte O. Van Cleve,
in the _Minnesota Historical Collections_, Vol. III, pp. 76-81; _Running
the Gantlet_ by William J. Snelling (the son of Colonel Snelling) in the
_Minnesota Historical Collections_, Vol. I, pp. 439-456.
The last mentioned account was originally published as a magazine
article, and much of it is undoubtedly the product of the author's
imagination. It is from this that the writer drew the story of Toopunkah
Zeze. The article by Mrs. Van Cleve is full of errors and there are some
mistakes in Mrs. Adams's reminiscences. For the facts of the attack the
writer depended upon the two reports in the _Indian Office Files_. In a
letter written from Prairie du Chien the next winter Joseph Street says
that a hostage, an innocent man, was among the Sioux who were
executed.--Street to Dr. Alexander Posey, December 11, 1827, in the
_Street Papers_, No. 7.
Of those who were shot, says Sibley in his reminiscences, all
recovered.--_Minnesota Historical Collections_, Vol. I, p. 475. On the
other hand Flat Mouth complained to Schoolcraft in 1832 that four of the
number died.--Schoolcraft's _Narrative of an Expedition through the
Upper Mississippi to Itasca Lake_, p. 85.
[328] _Indian Office Files_, 1829, No. 63.
[329] _Minnesota Historical Collections_, Vol. II, p. 135. As here given
the mother's speech is partly direct, and partly indirect discourse. The
writer has changed it all to the direct discourse.
[330] The attack on Hole-in-the-Day's band is narrated in the letter of
Plympton to General Jones, August 13, 1838.--_Indian Office Files_,
1838, No. 618. See also _Minnesota Historical Collections_, Vol. II, pp.
134-136; Pond's _Two Volunteer Missionaries among the Dakotas_, pp. 136,
137.
[331] The particulars of the encounter in 1839 are given in a letter
written by the Right Reverend Mathias Loras in July 1839, and published
in _Acta et Dicta: A Collection of historical data regarding the origin
and growth of the Catholic Church in the Northwest_, Vol. I, No. 1, pp.
18-21; and Pond's _Two Volunteer Missionaries among the Dakotas_, pp.
139-147.
[332] "Instead of lessening the disasters of Indian warfare, the
building of Fort Snelling in the heart of the Indian country and upon
the line dividing the ranges of the Dakotas and the Chippewas, had the
direct effect of vastly increasing the horrors of that warfare.
Depending upon the protection of the military, both tribes brought their
women and children into the disputed territory, where before the coming
of the soldiers they would never have dared to expose them, and it soon
developed that the fort afforded no protection to the children of the
forest against the savagery of their hereditary enemies, who made
treaties of peace only to thereby gain better opportunity for
butchery."--Robinson's _A History of the Dakota or Sioux Indians_, p.
154. This is Part II of the _South Dakota Historical Collections_, Vol.
II.
[333] At the forks of the Chippewa River in 1838, eleven Sioux were
killed while asleep, by Chippewas whom they were entertaining. The
mission at Lake Pokegama was attacked in 1840. In 1842, a battle was
fought at Pine Coulie near the Indian village of Kaposia. In 1850, on
Apple River in Wisconsin, fourteen Chippewas were scalped. See the
article by Rev. S. W. Pond on _Indian Warfare in Minnesota_ in the
_Minnesota Historical Collections_, Vol. III, pp. 129-138. As late as
1854, D. B. Herriman, the Chippewa agent, reported that during the
preceding year nearly one hundred Chippewas had been killed and scalped
by the Sioux. But none of these massacres took place at the
fort.--_Executive Documents_, 2nd Session, 33rd Congress, Vol. I, Pt. 1,
Document No. 1, p. 260.
[334] _Executive Documents_, 1st Session, 31st Congress, Vol. VIII,
Document No. 51, p. 31.
[335] _Taliaferro's Diary_, January 23, 1831.
[336] _Taliaferro's Diary_, June 4, 1831. For other occasions during the
winter and spring of 1831 when the agent records the presence of both
Sioux and Chippewas see the diary under date of January 31, March 5, May
2, June 15.
[337] Taliaferro to Clark, July 6, 1831.--_William Clark Papers,
Correspondence, 1830-1832_, p. 231.
[338] Speech of Taliaferro to the Sioux.--_Taliaferro's Diary_, February
19, 1831.
[339] Report of J. N. Nicollet in _Executive Documents_, 2nd Session,
28th Congress, Vol. II, Document No. 52, p. 66.
[340] _Taliaferro's Diary_, January 10, 18, 26, 1831.
[341] Taliaferro to Clark, February 8, 1831.--_William Clark Papers,
Correspondence, 1830-1832_, p. 121.
[342] The text of the treaty is printed in Kappler's _Indian Affairs,
Laws and Treaties_, Vol. II, pp. 250-255. The treaty was signed on
August 19, 1825.
[343] _Missionary Herald_, Vol. XXX, p. 223, June, 1834. Reverend W. T.
Boutwell accompanied Mr. Schoolcraft on this journey, and his account of
it is published in the religious paper.
[344] Schoolcraft's _Narrative of an Expedition through the Upper
Mississippi to Itasca Lake_, p. 265.
[345] _United States Statutes at Large_, Vol. IV, p. 684.
[346] Taliaferro to William Clark, May 31, 1835.--_Taliaferro Letters_,
Vol. III, No. 234.
[347] Taliaferro to Herring, July 16, 1835.--_Taliaferro Letters_, Vol.
III, No. 238.
[348] Taliaferro to William Clark, September 2, 1835; Taliaferro to E.
Herring, September 20, 1835.--_Taliaferro Letters_, Vol. III, Nos. 251,
252.
[349] Taliaferro to William Clark, May 26, 1831.--_William Clark Papers,
Correspondence, 1830-1832_, p. 195.
[350] _Taliaferro's Diary_, January 25, 1831.
[351] _Senate Documents_, 1st Session, 28th Congress, Vol. I, Document
No. 1, p. 269.
[352] _Senate Documents_, 1st Session, 29th Congress, Vol. I, Document
No. 1, p. 490.
[353] _The Minnesota Pioneer_, January 2, 1851.
[354] Snelling to Atkinson, May 31, 1827.--_Indian Office Files_, 1827,
No. 10.
[355] _The Minnesota Pioneer_, May 16, 1850. Other occasions when
Indians were imprisoned for similar causes are mentioned in _The
Minnesota Pioneer_, September 23, 1852, April 20, 1854.
[356] _The Minnesota Pioneer_, October 14, 1852.
[357] Report of Agent A. J. Bruce, September 1, 1846.--_Executive
Documents_, 2nd Session, 29th Congress, Vol. I, Document No. 4, p. 246.
[358] Beltrami's _A Pilgrimage in Europe and America_, Vol. II, pp. 233,
234.
[359] _Taliaferro's Diary_, January 31, 1831; Taliaferro to Captain W.
R. Lovett, June 30, 1831, in _Taliaferro Letters_, Vol. II, No. 150.
[360] Pond's _Two Volunteer Missionaries among the Dakotas_, p. 138.
[361] Taliaferro to Clark, October 4, 1830.--_William Clark Papers,
Correspondence, 1830-1832_, p. 68.
[362] _Taliaferro's Diary_, June 29, 1834.