FROM THE CAPTURE OF OLYNTHUS TO THE TERMINATION OF THE SACRED WAR
BY PHILIP.
Sufferings of the Olynthians and Chalkidians — triumph and
festival of Philip. — Effect produced at Athens by the capture of
Olynthus — especially by the number of Athenian captives taken in
it. — Energetic language of Eubulus and Æschines against Philip.
— Increased importance of Æschines. — Æschines as envoy of Athens
in Arcadia. — Increasing despondency and desire for peace at
Athens. — Indirect overtures for peace between Athens and Philip,
even before the fall of Olynthus — the Eubœans — Phrynon, etc. —
First proposition of Philokrates — granting permission to Philip
to send envoys to Athens. — Effect produced upon the minds of the
Athenians by their numerous captive citizens taken by Philip at
Olynthus. — Mission of the actor Aristodemus from the Athenians
to Philip on the subject of the captives. Favorable dispositions
reported from Philip. — Course of the Sacred War — gradual
decline and impoverishment of the Phokians. Dissensions among
themselves. — Party opposed to Phalækus in Phokis — Phalækus is
deposed — he continues to hold Thermopylæ with the mercenaries.
— The Thebans invoke the aid of Philip to put down the Phokians.
— Alarm among the Phokians — one of the Phokian parties invites
the Athenians to occupy Thermopylæ — Phalækus repels them. —
Increased embarrassment at Athens — uncertainty about Phalækus
and the pass of Thermopylæ. — The defence of Greece now turned
on Thermopylæ — importance of that pass both to Philip and to
Athens. — Motion of Philokrates in the Athenian assembly — to
send envoys to Philip for peace. — Ten Athenian envoys sent —
Demosthenes and Æschines among them. — Journey of the envoys to
Pella. — Statements of Æschines about the conduct of Demosthenes
— arrangements of the envoys for speaking before Philip. —
Harangue addressed by Æschines to Philip about Amphipolis.
Failure of Demosthenes in his speech. — Answer of Philip — return
of the envoys. — Review of Æschines and his conduct, as stated by
himself. — Philip offers peace on the terms of _uti possidetis_ —
report made by the Athenian envoys on their return. — Proceedings
in the Athenian assembly after the return of the envoys — motions
of Demosthenes. — Arrival of the Macedonian envoys at Athens
— days fixed for discussing the peace. — Resolution taken by
the synod of allies at Athens. — Assemblies held to discuss
the peace, in presence of the Macedonian envoys. — Philokrates
moves to conclude peace and alliance with Philip. He proposes
to exclude the Phokians specially. — Part taken by Æschines and
Demosthenes — in reference to this motion. Contradictions between
them. — Æschines supported the motion of Philokrates altogether
— Demosthenes supported it also, except as to the exclusion of
the Phokians — language of Eubulus. — Motion of Philokrates
carried in the assembly, for peace and alliance with Philip. —
Assembly to provide ratification and swearing of the treaty. —
Question, Who were to be received as allies of Athens? — about
the Phokians and Kersobleptes. — The envoy of Kersobleptes is
admitted, both by the Athenian assembly and by the Macedonian
envoys. — The Macedonian envoys formally refuse to admit the
Phokians. — Difficulty of Philokrates and Æschines. Their false
assurances about the secret good intentions of Philip towards the
Phokians. — The Phokians are tacitly excluded — the Athenians
and their allies swear to the peace without them. — Ruinous
mistake — false step of Athens in abandoning the Phokians —
Demosthenes did not protest against it at the time. — The oaths
are taken before Antipater, leaving out the Phokians. — Second
embassy from Athens to Philip. — Demosthenes urges the envoys
to go immediately to Thrace in order to administer the oath to
Philip — they refuse — their delay on the journey and at Pella.
— Philip completes his conquest of Thrace during the interval.
— Embassies from many Grecian states at Pella. — Consultations
and dissensions among the Ten Athenian envoys — views taken
by Æschines of the ambassadorial duties. — The envoys address
Philip — harangue of Æschines. — Position of Demosthenes in this
second embassy. — March of Philip to Thermopylæ — he masks his
purposes, holding out delusive hopes to the Phokians. Intrigues
to gain his favor. — The envoys administer the oaths to Philip
at Pheræ, the last thing before their departure. They return to
Athens. — Plans of Philip on Thermopylæ — corrupt connivance of
the Athenian envoys — letter from Philip which they brought back
to Athens. — Æschines and the envoys proclaim the Phokians to be
excluded from the oaths with Philip — protest of Demosthenes in
the Senate, on arriving at Athens, against the behavior of his
colleagues — vote of the Senate approving his protest. — Public
assembly at Athens — successful address made to it by Æschines —
his false assurances to the people. — The Athenian people believe
the promises of Philokrates and Æschines — protest of Demosthenes
not listened to. — Letter of Philip favorably received by the
assembly — motion of Philokrates carried, decreeing peace and
alliance with him forever. Resolution to compel the Phokians to
give up Delphi. — Letters of Philip to the Athenians, inviting
them to send forces to join him at Thermopylæ — policy of these
letters — the Athenians do nothing. — Phokian envoys heard
these debates at Athens — position of Phalækus at Thermopylæ. —
Dependence of the Phokians upon Athenian aid to hold Thermopylæ.
— News received at Thermopylæ of the determination of Athens
against the Phokians. — Phalækus surrenders Thermopylæ under
convention to Philip. He withdraws all his forces. — All the
towns in Phokis surrender at discretion to Philip, who declares
his full concurrence with the Thebans. — Third embassy sent by
the Athenians to Philip — the envoys return without seeing him,
on hearing of the Phokian convention. — Alarm and displeasure
at Athens — motion of Kallisthenes for putting the city in a
good state of defence — Æschines and other Athenian envoys
visit Philip in Phokis — triumphant celebration of Philip’s
success. — Fair professions of Philip to the Athenians, after
his conquest of Thermopylæ: language of his partisans at Athens.
— The Amphiktyonic assembly is convoked anew. Rigorous sentence
against the Phokians. They are excluded from the assembly, and
Philip is admitted in their place. — Ruin and wretchedness
of the Phokians. — Irresistible ascendency of Philip. He is
named by the Amphiktyons presiding celebrator of the Pythian
festival of 346 B. C. — Great change effected by this peace in
Grecian political relations. Demosthenes and Æschines — proof of
dishonesty and fraud in Æschines, even from his own admissions. —
This disgraceful peace was brought upon Athens by the corruption
of her own envoys. — Impeachment and condemnation of Philokrates.
— Miserable death of all concerned in the spoliation of the
Delphian temple.
364-434