All the Contents of the Letters, and other Papers, that came from
the Molucco Islands to India and the Philippines, for the following
Years, amount to nothing but Complaints, asking Relief, and giving
Intelligence, not altogether below the Dignity of History, were we not
come so near the last Period of it. Particularly there are Letters of
the Commander of Tydore, Ruy Gonzalez de Sequeyra, to the Governor of
the Philippine Islands, wherein he complains, [Complaints from Tydore,
and other Advice.] That whereas he had sent 400 Men, Ships, and
Warlike Stores to Camboxa, where his Majesty had nothing to Recover,
he had furnish'd him with only twenty Soldiers. He represents to him
many pressing Wants, without any Hopes of Relief from the Viceroy,
by the way of Malaca; urging the scarcity of Provisions, Arms, and all
other Necessaries. He informs him, That through his Means Cachil Mole
had been sworn King of Tydore; and how faithful a Friend he approves
himself to the Crown of Sian, and an Enemy to the Ternates, and that
he is always sollicitous for recovering of that Fort. He desires him
to send the King a Present of great Guns, and other Gifts, and to do
the same by the King of Sian, who is a Christian, and our Friend. He
acquaints him how frequently the English and Dutch Ships resort to
those Seas, and that he had taken some of them.
The Success of a very great and rich Ship of Zealand, is most
particularly Remarkable: This Vessel putting into Ternate, and Trading
with that Wicked Faithless King, he consented that Ruy Gonzalez should
contrive [Villany of the King of Ternate.] to cut her Cables, provided
the Booty might be his: He agreed to it, exacting an Exorbitant price
for the Villany. The Bargain made, and the Bribe receiv'd, they who had
cut the Cables leap'd over-board, and immediately the King's Officers
appear'd, who seiz'd all the Loading, the Ship being beaten to pieces,
to no purpose. He assures him, That the Enterprize on Ternate might be
effected with 400 Spaniards; and promises to send him a great piece
of Amber, as an extraordinary Rarity, from the Isles of Mava, which
are 60 Leagues from the Moluccos. He again gives Advice of Northern
Galeons, and that one of them, in four Hours, had batter'd that Fort,
shot into it 261 Bullets; one of which he sent him; and that they
had beaten down a large Curtin of the Wall, which was then Repairing.
[English Infest the West-Indies.] In the mean while England infested
the West-Indies; where the Towns and Ships suffer'd by their Invasions,
Robberies, and Burnings. Only that Part, which was the District
belonging to Don Pedro de Acunna, defended it self, through the
Bravery of its Governor, and for the same Reason the Enemy had Regard
to it. William Park, the English Admiral, appear'd upon the strong
and garrison'd Coasts of America, in the Year 1601. They defended
themselves well, yet he prevail'd in some Places. On the Coast of
Cartagena he took one Julio, a Fisherman, whom he afterwards set at
Liberty, that he might carry the following Letter, writ in broken
Spanish to Don Pedro.
[A'miral Parke's Letter to Don Pedro.] Being inform'd by Fame, with
how much Generosity and Kindness your Lordship entertains Strangers,
especially those of my Nation, I would not forbear expressing the
Gratitude due to your Lordship for that Magnificence, on my own
Part, and returning Thanks, wishing you as long a Life, and as much
Health, as to my self. I would not omit writing these few Lines to
your Lordship, not only on the aforesaid Account, but to acquaint
you with what has happen'd to me during this Expedition. It pleas'd
God to make me Master of one of the Kings Ports, call'd Porto Belo,
which I was possess'd of a whole Day and Part of the Night, where I
found some Gentlemen, particularly Captain Melendez, and some other
Soldiers of the Garrison; and plundering the Place had very little
Booty. The said Captain Melendez, fought like a resolute Soldier,
and faithful Servant of his King, and therefore I order'd him to
be dress'd by my Surgeon, and to be carry'd out of the House where
he was wounded, having laid Wood in all the Houses to fire them,
and consume the Town. I do assure your Lordship, and declare on the
Word of a Soldier, that being inform'd of your Valour and Renown,
by certain Prisoners I took, as Captain Rolon, and several others,
and at Porto Belo by the King's Factor, Funes, and other Soldiers,
that were my Prisoners, and aboard my Ship, I gave them all their
Liberty, and forebore firing the City, only on Account of your
Reputation, and the Fame of your good Usage to such Prisoners as
fall into your Hands. So that those I set at Liberty, as also the
Town, may be thankful to your Lordship for so great an Obligation,
as is the Value of the said Town, and their Lives. The Castle, and
the Fort at the Mouth of the Harbour, and the Port it self, so well
fortify'd and furnish'd with Artillery, and all other Necessaries,
did not deter, fright, or daunt me, for I went out with six Ships,
and the Castles did me no Harm. Really the Commanders and Guners were
very honest Men. I give your Lordship Notice of two English Men, who
landed at Santa Marta, near ten Months since, their Names are Abraham
Collins, and Thomas Hall. These are both Spies upon Cartagena. I like
the Treason, but drown the Traitor; I send you some poor Men ashore,
whom I took upon this Coast, your Lordship will favour them as is due,
and according to your Custom. And having Nothing else, at present,
to acquaint your Lordship with, pray to God to lengthen your Life,
with much Health, and Prosperity, and to give me good Luck, as is
in his divine Power, is convenient for us, and I wish. From aboard
my Ship, February the twenty eigth, 1601, our Stile. Your Lordships,
William Park.
Don Pedro answer'd in few Words, yet so as his Brevity might not
exclude Civility, and the Pyrate being satisfy'd, proceeded on his
Voyage. The King had at this Time appointed Don Pedro to succeed
Don Francis [Don Pedro appointed Governor of the Philippines.]
Tello in the Government of the Philippine Islands, designing him for
those Enterprizes he afterwards perform'd. This his Majesty judg'd a
proper Resolution, and safe in the Execution; for what Person is fit
to be pitch'd upon to Govern the utmost Limits of so far extended a
Dominion, but such a one as is endu'd with both Valour and Loyalty,
two necessary Qualifications to secure the Respect and Submission due
to an absent Prince; a Matter of much Difficulty in remote Governments?
Since this Gentleman's own Actions, and the great Opinion his very
Enemies had conceiv'd of them, are sufficient Testimonies of his
Valour, let us proceed to say something of his Quality. Don Pedro had
the Surname of Bravo, as being Son to Don Lewis Bravo, who serving
under the [Don Pedro's Father.] Emperor Charles the fifth, on the Day
the Prince of Orange dy'd, ask'd Leave to assault S. Desir, a strong
Town in the Low Countries, on the Banks of the River Matrone. The
History of that War informs us, that some Friends of his Father's,
hearing of it, endeavour'd to obstruct it, either by disswading
the Son, or prevailing with the Emperor not to grant him Leave. His
Father was Sancho Bravo de Lagunas, a Gentleman of Quality by Birth,
and no less by his own Actions, at that Time Inspector General of the
Emperor's Forces by Sea and Land, and one of his Council of War. All
Men honour'd, and lov'd him entirely. They consider'd he had no other
Son but Don Lewis, and the manifest Danger he expos'd himself to; but
he perceiving what his Fathers Friends were contriving, took upon him
to lead the Van, before they could have Time to prevent his gaining
the Honour he expected; and assaulted the Place with Success, tho'
not without some Imputation of Rashness. His Son Don Pedro did not
degenerate, for the Brave are the Off-spring of the Brave, and the
Eagle does not breed Doves.
The Name of Acunna he took from his Mother, according to the [His
Mother.] Custom of the Kingdoms of Castile, where noble Families,
to keep up the Honour of the Quality they acquire by Matrimony, use to
revive the Names of their Progenitors even in the Grand-Children. Don
Lewis Bravo, marry'd Donna Isabel de Acunna, Daughter to Don Pedro
de Acunna, call'd in those Days el Cabezudo, signifying, either the
Head-strong, or Great-Headed, great Grand-Son to the first Earl of
Buendia, a Family of known Antiquity. Among his Sons, Don Sancho
Bravo, the eldest, is now, when this History was writ, Adelantado,
or Lord Lieutenant of Ternate, and Knight of the Order of Alcantara;
Don Garcia, is Knight of Santiago; Don Lewis, of Calatrava; Don John,
bred in the principal Colledge of Alcala, went thence to be Gentleman
of the Bed-chamber to the most serene Arch-Duke Albertus, and is
since Cannon of the Holy Church of Toledo, besides other Church
Affairs he is always employ'd in. Our [Don Pedro Knight of Malta.]
Don Pedro was Knight of Malta, and Commendary of Salamanca.
He departed Cartagena, leaving that Government disconsolate, and full
of the Desire of his Continuance among them. He had a good Passage,
[Comes to Mexico.] and being come to Mexico, and entertain'd by the
Viceroy, Don Gaspar De Zunnigay Azevedo, Earl of Monterey, consulted
with him about the Expedition and Recovery of the Molucco Islands,
beginning with Ternate, the Head of them. They admitted to their
Consultations some experienc'd Commanders in those Countries. The
Result was, the Viceroy's being well affected to the Expedition,
and to the Governour, who was going to undertake it, which was of
no small Consequence, towards rend'ring the Preparations made in
New Spain effective. Don Pedro writ to the King, to his Confessor,
to the Duke of Lerma, and to other Ministers of State, especially
the supreme Councellors of the Indies, very largely, in Relation to
this War, showing how difficult it was, and how great a Dishonour,
to permit a Tyrant to reign so long, he being so near a Neighbour. He
said, he could not secure any Ships, nor even the Provinces, against
the Moluccos; and that, had he not been promis'd to be enabled to
recover them, he would never have accepted of the Government of
the Philippine Islands. He sent Brother Gaspar Gomez, a Jesuit,
[Arrives at the Islands Ladrones.] with these Letters into Spain,
And set out himself from Mexico, for Acapulco, the Sea-Port-Town of
that Kingdom. Thence he proceeded, with four Ships of New Spain, to the
Islands de los Ladrones, that is of Thieves, otherwise call'd de las
Velas, or of Sails, from the great Multitude of Little Sails seen about
them, belonging to Abundance of Boats that come out to meet the Ships.
He directed his Course to the Isles of Carpana, and that of Guan,
that no Time might be lost without doing good to others. His
Design was to bring off from among those barbarous People, such
Men as had escap'd [Rich Ships lost.] of the Ship Margarita, cast
away there the Year before, with above 1200000 Ducats; and as true
Virtue never wants Matter to work on, he [Twenty five Men sav'd.]
deliver'd twenty five Men of the many that suffer'd Shipwrack in
that Place. Having perform'd this good Work, in twenty six Days he
came to the Mouth of the Streight of the Philippines, and anchor'd at
Cabite, three [Don Pedro at Manila.] Leagues from Manila; where he
was receiv'd with incredible, and universal Joy. His first Care was
to be inform'd of the Condition his Predecessor left the Government
in. He view'd every Part, and cast off the Sangleys, or Chineses,
as thinking they exceeded the large Number allowed of by the King's
Order. Some interpreted the Exclusion of those People, was only to
condemn the extravagant Liberties they took; but Time soon show'd,
that there were other great Advantages reap'd by it. In Don Pedro
all Men believ'd the Security of the Philippine Islands was come;
for the Governour's Reputation was equal to the Necessities of his
Province; which requir'd the Government of an experienc'd Commander,
of great Name, and so vigilant as he was.
Don Francis Tello resign'd up the Power into his Hands, and
staying [Don Francis Tello dyes.] there to give an Account of his
Administration, dyed in April, the following Year. The new Governour
was much concern'd to find the King's Treasury empty, and himself under
an Obligation of supporting the King's and his own Credit. To this
Consideration belong'd the Moluccos, the reducing whereof he had in
Charge. However he took Courage, believing he might with Industry and
Labour, make amends for the Want of Cash. He attended all the Works in
Person, as he had been wont to do, both at Manila and in the Country
about, building Galleys, and other Vessels, whereof there was then
a great Want, to secure the Sea, at that Time infested [Don Pedro
visits his Government.] by the Neighbouring Pirates and Enemies,
especially those of Mindanao. Next he visited the Provinces of the
Pintados, and supply'd the Wants he found in those Parts. In these
Passages betwixt the Islands, besides the Storms, his little Vessel,
which had only three Soldiers in it, escap'd, he fell into another
notable Danger. Two and twenty English Vessels enrich'd with the
Booty they had taken in the Islands belonging to that Government,
attempted to inclose and take him, but the Tide failing them, they
stuck on Ground, and could not get off. Don Pedro saw them [Cruelty
of English.] throw over-board above 2000 Spaniards, and Natives they
had made Prisoners, to lighten their Vessels. They also cast into the
Sea a beautiful Spanish Maid, about 17 Years of Age. Afterwards the
Fleet from Manila sail'd in quest of them, and chastis'd some, tho'
the Punishment was inferior to their Cruelty.
Don Pedro would fain have remov'd all Obstacles that lay in the Way
to the Enterprize he had in Hand; but was oblig'd to put off for
some Months that which he was most intent upon, and to dispatch the
Affairs [Japonese Embassador at Manila.] of Xolo and Japan. Chiquiro,
a Japonese Embassador, was newly arriv'd at Manila, with a Present of
the Product and Manufactures of that Island, and orders to treat with
the Governour, and settle Amity and Commerce, between the Subjects of
the Emperor of Japan, whose Name was Dayfusama, and the Philippines
and New-Spain. The Neighbourhood of those Provinces, the Power of the
Japonese Kings, their natural Disposition, and other Considerations,
which Experience had shown to be of great Moment, made against refusing
of that Commerce; and yet there were Opinions to the contrary, for
those very Reasons. However that barbarous Prince having once espous'd
that Affair, it was not easy to find out an Expedient to settle it,
without any Jealousy or Disgust. Dayfusama demanded, that the Spaniards
should trade to Quanto, a Port in one of his Provinces, and that such
Friendship might be establish'd, that the Japoneses might go over to
New-Spain. That the Governour should send him Ship-wrights, and Workmen
to build Ships in Japan, for performing of that [His Proposals.]
Voyage, upon which Dayfusama was very intent, being perswaded to it
by a Religious Man of ours, of the Order of St. Francis, whose Name
was F. Jerome of JESUS, and for whom that Monarch had a great Esteem.
[Objections to them.] This was a Matter of great Weight, and
on several Accounts most prejudicial to the Philippine Islands,
whose greatest Security for so many Years, has consisted in the
Japonese's wanting of Ships and Pilots, and being ignorant in the
Art of Navigation. Men of Experience observ'd, that whensoever the
said haughty barbarous Prince has attempted to arm against Manila, he
has still been obstructed by this Want. They said, that to send him
Ship-Wrights, and Men to build him Ships after the Spanish Manner,
would be no other than arming him against the Spaniards themselves;
and that their Voyages would be destructive to the Philippines and
New-Spain; for that the making the Japoneses capable of Trading
far off, was not only inconvenient, but unsafe. The Governour Don
Pedro de Acunna seriously weighing all these Reasons, order'd the
Embassador Chiquiro to be magnificently entertain'd, made him some
Presents for his King and for himself, and sent a Ship with another
moderate Present, lest it should be interpreted to proceed from Fear,
if it had been too considerable. This Ship sail'd with Dayfusama and
his Embassador, both of them loaded with Commodities to barter. Don
Pedro's Letters contain'd many Compliments, and Thanks for the good
Will he show'd towards establishing more solid Friendship; but that,
tho' he had ample Commission for all Things relating to the Government
of the Philippine Islands, yet he could not satisfy that Part of his
Embassy, which concern'd the furnishing of him with Sailors and Workmen
to build Spanish Ships, without acquainting the Viceroy of New-Spain,
nor could the Viceroy do it, without special Orders from the King of
Spain. That he promis'd to write to them about it, for promoting the
Accomplishment of his reasonable Demands; but that he must consider,
it would be above three Years before they had an Answer, because of
the great Length, and many Accidents of such Voyages. It was order'd
that the aforesaid F. Jerome should himself deliver these Letters,
to Dayfusama. The Fryar himself had a private Letter sent him with a
Reproof for what he had done, and Instructions how to mend it; and that
he should signify to the Japonese Monarch, how highly [Instructions to
F. Jerome.] the Governour valu'd the Inclination he show'd to settle
Peace and Commerce with the Spaniards, and his Kindness to them; and
at the same Time perswade him to continue that good Correspondence,
which the Governour would inviolably observe; but that he should
endeavour to divert the King's Thoughts from such Designs, and
never go about to facilitate the Execution of them; because, tho'
perhaps the Emperor then reigning entertain'd no sinister Meaning,
nor had any farther Thought than promoting a sincere Friendship,
yet that might be very prejudicial in the Days of a more mischievous
Successor; who might make an ill Use of his Skill in Navigation,
and improve it against the Persons that taught it him. The Governour
promis'd he would soon send another Ship with Commodities to barter;
and he might put the King in Hopes it would carry over some Spanish
Ship-Carpenters to build Ships after their Manner. That he should
desire Dayfusama to wait with Patience, and consider how heinously
he would be offended himself, if any of his Governours should presume
to make any new Settlements in Trade without his Privity or Order.
[Japonese Embassador cast away.] Chiquiro return'd for Japan with
this Answer; but when he was off the Head of the Island Formosa,
such a dreadful Storm overtook him, that he was swallow'd up, and
neither Men, Goods, nor Arms sav'd; and this happen'd in so remote a
Place, that it was not known till many Days after. Dayfusama, at the
Request of F. Jerome, had granted Leave for Preaching of the Gospel,
throughout his Dominions, building of Churches, and such as would
professing Christianity by publick Authority. Don Pedro the Governour
[Religious allow'd to Preach in Japan.] took the necessary Measures,
that so favourable an Indulgence might not be lost, and that not only
barefoot Franciscans, but also Religious Men of other Orders should go
over thither. They made use of the Japonese Captains and Ships, newly
come to Manila with Meal. The Dominicans sent over to the Kingdom
of Zazuma four Fryars, and F. Francis de Morales, Prior of Manila
for their Superior, saying the King of that Province sent for them,
being the only one, who had not yet submitted to Dayfusama. The Order
of S. Augustin sent two Religious Men, and F. James de Guevara, Prior
also of Manila for their Superior, and these went to the Kingdom of
Firando. Those of the Order of S. Francis, sent F. Augustin Rodriguez,
who had been Witness to the Martyrdom of his Companions in Japan,
to Nangasaqui, for him to go thence with a Lay-Brother to Miaco,
and bear F. Jerome of Jesus Company. Many perswaded Don Pedro, not to
send away these Religious Men; but tho' those Perswasions were well
grounded, and some Difficulties occur'd against their Departure,
he resolv'd to dismiss them. The Zeal of true Glory overcomes all
Opposition. These Religious Men found no Signs of those Desires that
had been signify'd to them in the Provinces they went to. Very few
Japoneses were converted, and there was less Disposition to advance,
because the Kings, and Tonos, which are Princes had no Affection
for our Religion, nor were any Way disgusted with their Idols. They
only aspir'd to settle Commerce, and to trade with the Spaniards,
for their private Interest.
[Another Ship to Japan.] Don Pedro sent the Ship he had promis'd to
Japan, well stor'd with Cannon, and call'd it S. James the Less. The
Captain, Officers, and Sailors were all Men of Experience; and she was
laden with Commodities to barter, Red-Wood, Deer's-Skins, raw Silk,
and several other Sorts. The Govenour order'd them to dispose of what
they carry'd at the Port of Quanto, and to furnish the Religious Men
they found there, and then return with the Produce and Dayfusama's
Leave. Thus Provision was made for all the Affairs of Japan, according
to the present Exigences. The Ship-Wrack of the Embassador Chiquiro
was known, and by the good Management of F. Jerome, Dayfusama was
acquainted with the Answer he carry'd, and rested satisfy'd; so that
the preaching of the Gospel went on in his Dominions.
[Furtado's Letter to Don Pedro concerning the Expedition.] Don Pedro's
Thoughts were all bent upon Recovering of the Molucco Islands, and
his other Business did not make him neglect that Enterprize. Andrew
Furtado de Mendoza, Admiral of those Seas for the Crown of Portugal
had writ him Word, that he had Orders from his Majesty to repair to
Ternate; but that he did not expect the Viceroy would set him out,
as was requisite for that Expedition. Don Pedro answer'd him, to his
Content, with Assurance, that he should be supported. These Letters
came to the Hands of the Portuguese Admiral at Malaca, when he was
ready to set out. He presently answer'd both those of the 22d of
September, and the 22d of December, signifying how acceptable they
were to him. Because, says he, I love your Lordship entirely, tho'
I have never seen you, on Account of your being a brave Commander,
and so zealous for his Majesty's Service; not to mention other Reasons
for which I am yours. I was much troubled for the Loss of the Ship,
and the ill Fortune of the other, for the want you will find of the
Return you expected by them: But it is to be suppos'd, that the Viceroy
of New-Spain, seeing how long those Ships were missing, would impute
it to some very considerable Causes, and therefore will Assist you
Powerfully, for nothing less can be expected from such a Viceroy who,
I am told, is a very worthy Gentleman. I am experimentally sensible
of what your Lordship writes to me; for after being in those Parts
five Years, without receiving any Succours from India, when I expected
these Disorders should end, and considerable Supplies would be sent me,
the Viceroy furnish'd me so poorly, as will appear to your Lordship by
the List of what he sends, and thence you may infer, how his Majesty
is serv'd in those Parts, that your Lordship may acquaint him with it,
and we may joyntly so order it, that all this may not be overthrown
in one Hour.
Then he complains, That they have not sent him his Majesty's Letter,
[More of the Letter.] nor the Archbishop of Goa had not receiv'd
his; and says, He had rather be at Plow in Old Castile, than a
Witness to the ill Disposition of what is committed to his Charge:
And proceeding, says thus, Your Lordship tells me, That as soon as I
draw near the Moluccos, you will do me the favour to have in readiness
for me 300 Soldiers, with Captain Gallinato, and another Captain,
and two Galleys, four Brigantines, and all the Carcoas that shall be
requisite. I know not what his Majesty appoints for me; but, for the
Sins of these Dominions, Time has put Things into such a Posture,
that I must be forc'd to repair to the Moluccos, as well to recover
what is Lost, as to save what is Gain'd, which cannot be done,
unless both Powers, from hence and thence, be United. Twelve Dutch
Ships anchor'd this Year at the Bar of Goa: They took the Viceroy so
unprovided, that they lay at Anchor a Month at the said Bar, without
any Attempt made to remove them. They made great Havock amongst the
Merchants Ships on the Coast of India, without any Opposition. They
came from the other Sea, by the Back of Sumatra, to the Streight of
Sunda. Seven of them arriv'd at Amboyna, the others being [Baseness of
a Portuguse Govenour.] then parted from them. When they enter'd over
the Bar, the Governour sent two Men, to ask, whether Don Emanuel was
aboard. The Ships hearing of it, went and Anchor'd under the Fort. Then
the Governor sent three or four other Men, who made the Agreement for
the surrendering of the Fort. When it was sign'd the Dutch drew near:
the Gates were open'd to them, and they admitted without standing
one Musket Shot, or firing a Cannon. They took an Oath of Fidelity
to Prince Maurice, and the Governor after committing the Treason,
commanded a Black of his own to put him into Irons, saying, The People
of the Town had done it. Since that he came hither, and skulks about
the Mountains, and I am very earnest to take him, that I may make an
Example of him. I have already secur'd some of the Marry'd Men that
came hither, being fully convinc'd that the Governor and they are
Enemies and Traytors. When the Dutch were possess'd of the Fort, they
put more Cannon into it, with a Garrison of 140 Men, and Provisions
for two Years. I have also received Intelligence, That they sent five
Ships against Tydore, and I am very jealous of that Place, because of
the Divisions there; wherefore I immediately sent away two Galiots,
well Man'd, Arm'd, and Provided. God grant they find that Fort in the
King's Possession. Thus, if his Majesty well send hither the Galeons
he writes of, and commands me to serve him in these Southern Parts,
I must of necessity go over that way; for since Amboyna is in the
Possession of the Dutch, we may conclude Tydore will soon follow. If
they extend their Dominion, from that Port, which God avert, they
will thence put an End to the Affairs of the Moluccos, and of China,
and with the Assistance of the Ternates must of necessity Infest those
Parts about Manila; and therefore we are all oblig'd, as Christians,
and his Majesty's Subjects, to Oppose such a mighty Misfortune. And
since the Lot has fallen between your Lordship, and this Soldier of
yours, we seem to be in some measure both of us under an Obligation
to spare no Pains for the Recovering of those Parts of the Molucco
Islands. For my part I will labour for the Success, tho' I were to
lose ten Lives, if I had so many. But because I shall not have an
Opportunity to send your Lordship Intelligence, till a Year hence,
I now intreat you to have what Soldiers you can in Readiness, and
the greatest Number of Natives, that we may not fall short when the
work is half done, and be forced, for want of them, to put our selves
into the Hands, and expect the Assistance of Traytors. The same I beg,
as to Provisions; for there are none where I am at present. But since
Captain Gallinato has seen all, and knows what is Necessary in those
Parts, whereof he has before now given your Lordship ample Information,
it will be needless to repeat it in this, being your Lordship tells
me in yours, you do me the Favour to appoint him for my Companion;
and he is so able a Commander, that when your Lordship orders him
to prepare for this Expedition, he will take with him all he thinks
proper for it. Tho' his Majesty should send several Galeons, and many
Men, I shall not be able to do any thing with them in those Parts,
because the main Thing there, is to have Vessels that Row, and Men
that have Serv'd, whereof I am very destitute. From India none can
come, tho' the Viceroy were never so willing to furnish me. However,
confiding in your Lordship's Worth, and in what you have signify'd
to me by Letter, I will undertake this Expedition, believing I shall
find all Things in such Readiness, that they will set out from thence
the Moment your Lordship receives Advice from me. I am told your
Lordship expects a Gentleman in those Parts, who comes to Conquer
Camboxa. If he happens to come, I must put your Lordship in Mind,
that the best Conquest is that of the Moluccos, where his Majesty's
Forts will be restor'd, and there the said Gentleman may shew his
Valour, and merit a considerable Reward from the King. Before the
Dutch came to Amboyna, two English Ships passed by that Island,
which sent a Letter to the Governor of the Fort, to acquaint him,
that the Dutch were coming after them, with a Design to possess
themselves of the said Fort, and therefore they advised him to
behave himself well, because the Dutch they spoke of, were a poor
faint-hearted People. That, if they had Occasion for Powder, Ball,
and all other Necessaries, they were ready to supply him, because
they were then at Peace with Spain, and the Constable of Castile was
already sent into England, by his Majesty, to Ratify it: And the
Post-Master-General was Embassador in Ordinary. This Intelligence
leaves the Rebels no pretence to any Excuse. Furtado's Letter goes on,
to other Particulars, recommending Religious Men, and Commanders and
he concludes with Abundance of Compliments, and Courteous Expressions.
Don Pedro having receiv'd these Letters, order'd and hasten'd all
necessary Preparations, with the utmost Diligence, pressing the
Business in Spain, and with the Viceroy at Mexico, and thought all
Delays tedious; but the Approbation of his Advice, and the Supplies to
put it in Execution, being to come from a Center so remote, and where
there lay an Obligation of being no less attentive to all Parts of
the Circumference, the Expedition could [Brother Gaspar Gomez forwards
the Expedition.] not possibly be brought about sooner. Brother Gaspar
Gomez, whose Intelligence in this Affair, was always very material,
had presently Intimation of what had been resolv'd on, by Letters from
Don Pedro; and he was so diligent in promoting it, that to advance
this Cause, he cross'd the greatest Oceans as readily, as if they had
been the Narrow-Seas, which part those Islands; having solicited the
Viceroy at Mexico, and then the Counsellors, and Ministers of State in
Spain. His Arguments and Motives were the same we have several Times
mention'd in this Work. Dividing the Wealth of the South into three
fixt Kinds, precious Stones, and Pearls, Metals, and Spice, and Drugs;
all which were distributed among Enemies, English and Dutch. That the
King had no Spice left, but only that of Tydore, which must be lost,
unless speedily and powerfully supported, and the same Forces would
recover Ternate, Banda, Amboyna, and what had been held in Celebes,
Batochina, and the Places wrested by the Tyrants of Sumatra. All this
the Jesuit made out by Demonstration, for he grounded not the least
Information upon any thing less than Experience.
[Succeeds in his Negociation.] He was heard in the Council of
the Indies, and the Council of State for the Crown of Portugal,
and dispatch'd for the Philippines, by the way of New-Spain. By
the other Way, the King order'd, that the Captain General Furtado,
taking with him the necessary Fleet from Goa, should sail for the
Moluccos, by special Commission, by Virtue whereof he afterward sent
to ask Assistance at the Philippine Islands, as we have seen, and
such Supplies were to be furnish'd on both Sides, as being united,
might secure the Conquest of the Moluccos. However the Event must of
Necessity be tedious, the Dutch being already possess'd of all the
King's Forts in the Archipelago; and their numerous Fleets of all the
Ports, Fairs, and Trade, with Factories conveniently settled for their
Intercourse between India and their own Country. We shall not enter
upon the Account of those Affairs, because no more of them than have
been already mention'd, as yet related to the Moluccos. Much Time,
and many Precautions were requisite, for these two Commanders to
joyn, amidst so many Obstacles: They sent frequent Advice backward
and forward, and neither Part was idle in the mean while.
[Furtado Sails from Goa.] At length, notwithstanding all Difficulties,
Furtado sail'd from Goa with six Galeons, eighteen Galiots, and one
Galley, with the King's Orders, and in his Name those of the Viceroy
Arias de Saldania, to fight the Dutch, and any other Enemy, and to
proceed to Sunda, to chastize that King, and the Rebels in Java. He was
directed to place Garrisons there, and having [Disabled by Storms.]
settled the Affairs of India, to proceed to the Moluccos. They went
out with good Hearts to undertake that Work, but were hinder'd by
Storms and Tempests. In the Gulph of Ceylon, he lost the Galley, and
seventeen Galiots that were under the Conduct of Francis de Sousa,
and Andrew Roiz, and in them the greatest Strength he had to compass
his Designs. He was three whole Years without any Succours to proceed
on his Enterprize. At Malaca he recruited the best he could; and in
December, 1601, Steering his Course for Sunda, relying on the Succours
he expected from the King of Palimbam, in Java, suppos'd to be our
Friend and Confederate; but he was deceived, for that Infidel was
so far from espousing our Party, that he had taken up with the King
of Sunda, whom he intended, and afterwards actually did succour with
30000 Men. This did not dismay Furtado, but he sail'd on towards Sunda,
referring the Punishment of the King of Palimbam [Sails for Sunda.]
to another Time: There, on the Bar, he discover'd seven Dutch Ships,
which he pursu'd, tho' to little purpose, they being excellent
Sailers. However the Galeon Commanded by Thomas de Sousa Aronches,
fought five of them, killing many Dutch, without losing one Man; but
her Rigging was torn, and she could not board the Enemy, who fled,
drawing our Ships after them in such a manner, that Furtado could not
possibly recover the Bar, tho' he anchor'd in a Road, from whence he
might have return'd to the Port.
This was a special Providence, for the Enemy did not seem dispos'd
to stand, and they had already been upon both Bars; and therefore
reflecting [Arrives at Amboyna.] on the Tears, and Groans of the
Commanders, and Christians at Amboyna, he directed his Course towards
those Islands, where he arriv'd on the 10th of February without being
detain'd by some Victories he gain'd in his Way. The Natives and those
in the Fort were alarm'd, believing they had been Enemies, but the
Admiral giving a Signal, they knew the Christian Fleet. The Joy spread
abroad, and the Shore was cover'd with People expressing it. Furtado
first apply'd himself to repair the Fort, and refit the Ships. He also
built four Ships, two Galiots, and twelve Carcoas. Then he set out,
without losing Time, to make War on the Itos, and other Towns [Subdues
the Itos.] that had rebell'd against the Fort, sending Joseph Pinto,
with 200 Portugueses by Land. The Fleet sail'd round the Island, and
lay a Month in the Bay call'd Bacacio. Texeyra, Commander in Chief
of the Fort, went before, with a good Number of Carcoas, to reduce
some rebellious Towns, especially those which are on the Mountains
call'd Gunos, where there are excellent sweet Waters, and large Woods
of Orange Trees. These Towns acknowledge their Fault, and came to make
their Submission. Seven or [The Gunos submit.] Eight of the principal
Men came from each Town. Every Town brought a Flag, and three large
valuable Basons of bright Metal, and in them a little Earth, with
Branches of Clove-Trees in Blossom, in Token that they deliver'd up
the Land, with the most precious of its Product. Some brought Goats,
and Hens, and such Fruit as their Country afforded to denote the same.
Furtado knew there was a private Alliance between the Rebels of Amboyna
and the Dutch, and that ten Ships were to come to take that Fort, [Ten
Dutch Ships at Amboyna.] and the other we had left us at Amboyna. They
were so deeply engag'd in this Contract, that those at Sunda, seeing
Furtado set sail towards those Parts, they did the same, and on the
10th of March, the ten Ships appear'd in Sight of the Islands, three
of them coming on and treating with the Natives; yet for fear of us,
they stood off to the Island Burro, and the other seven to Banda,
to sail over to the Moluccos. All this was known to Furtado by good
Intelligence, besides that he receiv'd from F. Lewis Fernandez,
Rector of the Society of JESUS, who was newly come from Tydore, with
Letters from that King, and the Christians residing there, bidding
him welcome, and pressing that he would come to their Assistance;
[Three of them at Ternate.] because three of the seven Ships that
escap'd from him at Sunda, were together at Ternate. He was also
inform'd, that those Ships, had found out a Way to relieve those Forts,
passing between Borneo and Macossar, [A new Passage to the Molucco.]
which is a shorter Cut by a Year; and that they were fortifying Ternate
where they would not suffer the Dutch to leave them, but oblig'd them
to stay and ingage in the War they expected. Furtado follow'd that in
Amboyna, daily reducing some Towns that had revolted. The Inhabitants
of Rosatelo, built on an Eminence, and well fortify'd discovering
our Ships, [People of Rosatelo burn their Town.] and Carcoas, set
fire to all their Goods, and then to their Houses, and fled to a high
Mountain, where their Wives and Children were before. The Way up to
it was by tying to the Trees certain Rotas, which are slender tough
Canes, that may be knotted like Ropes, a slow and almost useless Hold,
which render'd the Mountain never the less inaccessible. Yet our Men
making their Way thro' Clefts, attain'd the Top two days after. The
Rebels perceiving they were lost, came to receive the Conquerors with
[Submit.] white Flags, but the King, not daring to trust to that
Security, fled to remoter Parts.
[People of Ito fly to the mountain.] The Infidels of Ito, puff'd
up with the Dutch Supplies they expected, made no Doubt of routing
the Christians, as soon as they landed; but perceiving they were
disappointed of the Succour of the ten Ships, which sail'd by
without staying, and that Rosatelo was reduc'd; yet they were not
quite dejected, but committed their Safety to the Strength and
Tops of the Mountains. They abandon'd their chief City, properly
call'd Ito. and the Fort there erected by the Dutch, retiring with
all their Families to the highest and most impregnable Part of the
Country call'd Nao and Bemnao, being two Rocks, one above another,
like the Round-Tops in a Ship one over the other; whence the Shore
appears near at Hand tho' [Nao strong place, whither the Rebels fled.]
half a League distant, by Reason of the Windings of the Ways. Nao is
all encompass'd with upright Rocks, with pleasant Planes below. There
are three Ways to get up to it, but all of them so difficult, that
the very Lizards can scarce climb it. On these three Passes they
threw up double Trenches, with strong Ramparts, and a good Number
of Brass Sakers, and Demy-Falconets to secure them. At each of
them was a considerable Number of Men, with their Colours flying,
and all Sorts of offensive and defensive Arms, wherewith the Dutch
have furnish'd those Southern Seas. The greatest Danger threatned
was from a great Number of mighty Stones, or Pieces of Rocks, which
being roul'd down from such a Height can bear down and destroy an
Army. All the Enemy's Power was now reduc'd to this single Place,
and the Town standing on the first of the [Pleasant Country of Nao,
and Bemnao.] two Rocks, being built on a large round Spot it forms,
like an European City with good large Houses, after their Manner. All
the Country about beautify'd with Clove Trees, like our Olive Trees,
but with greater Heads. Among which there ran up Branches of the
Male and Female Trees, and underneath all Sorts of thorny Plants,
Orange, Lemmon, Citron and Zamboa Trees, with six, or eight Springs,
each of them gushing out curious Streams of Water. All the Mountain
look'd like a delicious pleasure House and Garden. On the Top of
it appear'd the Town of Bemnao, which signifyes, the Son of Nao,
exceeding the other in Number of Houses, and Extent of Woods.
The General came to this Place on Palm-Sunday, order'd a Trench to
be [Furtado encamps at Bemnao.] cast up, and Tents to be pitch'd,
for a Defence against the Sun, and the Rain, which sometimes falls
unexpected. He commanded an Enemy Amboynese, that had fallen into his
Hands, attended by some Christians, to go enquire into the Designs
of the People of Ito, and to guide the Way. When they were come
within hearing, and had deliver'd their Message, [Haughty Answer
of the Itos.] the Infidels answer'd, That they were the King of
Ternate's Subjects, and own'd none but him. That they would trade
with the Dutch, and all other Nations they thought fit. That they
would also sell Clove to the Spaniards; but that the King of Spain
had a very long Neck. Having return'd this Answer, they began to fire
the Cannon. Our Men were forc'd to put up the Affront, and pass by
their Fury; but the General regarding neither, order'd a Captain,
on Monday, to view the Situation of the Place; because his Soldiers
had gone up disorderly to their Trenches, and been repuls'd with Shot,
and throwing of Stones, which made them retire down the Mountain with
many wounded. The next Night he sent 200 Men, to possess themselves
of a Mount that overlook'd the Enemies Trenches. They did so, and
as soon as the Day appear'd, our Musketiers pour'd in [Portugueses
gain Ground.] their Volleys of Shot, firing at the same Time with two
Drakes, they had carry'd up with a Design to cast up another Trench,
and thus they put the Enemy to Rout. The Trench was thrown up, and the
next Night they remov'd the Drakes to it, drawing nearer, to make the
greater Slaughter. Gonzalo Vaz de Castello-Branco commanded at this
Pass. The Men here that Night talk'd with the besieg'd, and assur'd
them, they would take their Fort the next Night, as they actually did.
[They attack the Enemies Fort.] On Wednesday Morning the General
order'd the Drums to beat to Arms, to go up himself to the Hill
where his Men were, leaving Trajano Ruiz de Castello-Branco below,
with 50 Men, to guard the Camp; but without any Design of attacking
the Fort that Day; but only to order the Men, and assign them their
Posts. Whilst he was concerting this Affair with his Officers,
Gonzalo Vaz came to them with a dangerous Shot in one of the Calves
of his Legs, and five other Wounds running Blood. The Soldiers were
incens'd, at the Sight of him, and signify'd they would fall on. It
was given out, where the General was, that the Victorious Enemy was
falling upon our Drakes, and Posts; and he improving Necessity cry'd
out, with a loud Voice, Santiago, that is, S. James, the Cry given
by the Spaniards when they fall on. The Soldiers were so encourag'd
by this Cry, that they immediately gave the Assault, with much Fury
and Alacrity, climbing those smooth Rocks, upon their Hands and Feet:
The Barbarians Drums and Bag-Pipes rattled in their Ears, and the
Noise of their Cannon and small Shot eccho'd among all the Rocks. The
Enemy threw Stones, which wounded, and knock'd down our Men, and many
tumbled, without being able to help themselves: Some single Stones
carry'd two or three Men down the Side of a Hill, till they stopp'd at
some Tree. A Captain was stunn'd with a Pebble, tho' he receiv'd it on
a Steel Buckler; but he soon recover'd, and was seen upon the Enemies
Works. The Cries and Shouts rent the Air. Many tumbling down forc'd
out the sharp Pointed Stakes that were drove into the Ground; and
presently after, as if they had flown, were seen Fighting above. Those
who were left to guard the Camp, look'd on with Emulation. Among them
a Religious Man of [The Fort taken.] the Order of S. Dominick, fell
on his Knees to say the Litany, all the Men answering, and God heard
him, for before it was ended, they saw our Colours display'd above,
and the Enemies cast down, the Fort and Works being Demolish'd.
A brave Christian, who carry'd the foremost of our Colours,
was laid hold of by an Amboynese, yet he, tho' shot thro' the
Body with a Musket-Ball, whereof he soon after Dy'd, defended them
bravely. However, notwithstanding his Resistance, and that his Captain
came to his Succour, the Infidel carry'd off a Part of the Staff, which
was recover'd when the Victory was [Amboyneses abandon their highest
Fort.] gain'd. The Amboyneses, seeing their Works taken, and their
Colours dragg'd about, withdrew to the upper-Part, leaving only three
Men behind them, who dy'd Fighting, with honourable Obstinacy. They
did not fortifie themselves in that Place, but abandoning their Town
and Goods, and slipping down Precipices, and upright Heights with
Ropes, made their Escapes; and though they burnt some of their Goods,
yet many of value remain'd. The General gave Order for curing of the
wounded Men, which were above 200, besides those run through by the
sharp Stakes pitch'd all about the Field.
[The Towns submit.] The gaining of this Victory did so discourage
all the Islanders, that they refus'd to take up Arms, or hazard an
Engagement. Nine Towns submitted at once, the next day, and the
Territory about did the same. The General came down Victorious,
and erected Arbours in those Delightful Woods, with an Altar, on
which Mass was sung on Easter-Day, and all the Office of the Church,
with much Solemnity, in Thanksgiving, assigning the Sovereignty
to that Lord, who grants, or takes away Victory, according [Dutch
Fort raz'd.] to his secret Judgements. The Dutch Fort was raz'd,
where, in several Places, were to be seen Escutcheons, with the Arms
of Count Maurice. The King of Ito came and submitted himself; his
Name, whilst an Idolater, was Talere, afterwards Don Melchior, for
he was a Renegado Christian, and fled at the taking of Rosatelo. He
deliver'd himself up, as also a famous Caziz he brought with him,
who was a Man of much Reputation among them.
To this Victory Furtado resolv'd to add those he expected at Veranula,
[Veranula City describ'd.] a large City, and Neighbouring Island. He
sail'd from Amboyna with all the Fleet, and arriv'd at Veranula,
and the City of the same Name, which is populous, and its Territory
the most fruitful in Clove of any in those Parts. It is built
along the shore on a high and upright Rock, which look'd like a
Wall, with Towers, and Stories. The Houses are high Roof'd, with
Galleries. There is a Mosque that has three Isles, with a stately
Room to read the Alcoran in. Within the City was the Dutch Fort,
conveniently seated, built of Stone, round, and cover'd. Beyond that
was also another Stone Fort, with several salliant Angles, Ravelins,
and Guerites. This belong'd to the King of Ternate, who was Tyrant
of that Part of Veranula. As soon as our Fleet anchor'd before the
City, the Prime Men of it came to acquaint the General, That they were
willing to submit, but knew not how to do it, for Fear of the Ternates;
and therefore desir'd he would let them assemble their Council, and
they would return the next Day with their Answer. Furtado granted
their Request, sending two Amboyneses of Note along with them. They
return'd no Answer, but fled, [People of Veranula fly.] not daring
to stand the Fury of those who came Victorious. They fir'd a Gun
for a Signal of what they were doing, and the General being assur'd
of their Flight, order'd the Men to land and plunder the City. The
Inhabitants had before secur'd the best of their Effects, and yet
in some Houses they found above the value of 30000 Crowns, and in
others less, besides many Goods of value; abundance of Brass Drakes
and Muskets; China Ware, and Silks; Dutch Glasses, and great Store of
Royal-Cloves. [Veranula plunder'd and burnt.] After plundering the
City, they set fire to it, and it burnt for some Days. The Dutch and
Ternatese Forts were raz'd. The General was inform'd by some Prisoners,
that the People of Veranula, had expected mighty Succours against him
from the Dutch Ships that were seen; and that there were aboard 100
Men to Garrison Viranula, and 100 more for the Fort he had demolish'd
at Ito. Some of our Men pursu'd the Ternates as far as Lacidecavello,
a Town where they imbark'd on many Vessels, for their own Island.
[Mamala City submits with others.] After this, the City Mamala sent
to make its Submission, and many others follow'd its Example. Furtado
having concluded this Affair, resolv'd to return to Amboyna, and
being upon his Departure, Francis de Sousa Teve came to him, with
ten Portugueses, who had been, not long before, taken by the Dutch
Ships. He had met at Banda the five Ships Furtado found at Sunda, and
here gave him some important Intelligence, showing how much he would
find the Seas, in his Way to the Moluccos, infested by those Northern
Sailers. The Commander in Chief of the Dutch made very much of Francis
de Sousa, dismissing him with Arms and Provisions for his Voyage,
but at the Price of 500 Crowns, paid for him and his Companions,
by some Heathen Towns in the Island; to whom Furtado, without any
Delay, made good the whole Sum. The Dutch General writ very civilly
to Furtado, desiring he would use his Men well, as he would do by the
Spaniards he met with. Furtado return'd an Answer, no less Courteous,
and sent him a Dutch Youth, who had been Prisoner at Ternate.
[The conquer'd submit, and give Hostages.] Having reduc'd these
Islands, Furtado appointed a Day for the Governors of them to come
and swear Fealty to our King, that he might save Time, and follow the
Course of his Victories. They came with much State, and Submission;
and to secure their future Behaviour, and their new promis'd Fidelity,
deliver'd to the General a considerable Number of Youths, being the
Sons of the Prime Men, as Hostages. Peace, and the general Pardon,
were celebrated with Rejoycings. The Preaching of the Gospel was again
exercis'd with entire Liberty, and many Idolaters, and Mahometans
were converted. Other Provinces came to acknowledge the Conqueror;
without expecting the Chance of War. Furtado at Amboyna prepar'd for
the Expedition against the Moluccos.
[King of Ternate's Preparations.] Those who fled to Ternate,
gave an Account of the Loss of the Towns and Forts that King had
been possess'd of at Amboyna; and that the General Furtado openly
declar'd he was making Preparations against those Islands, and grew
stronger upon his Success. The King slighted not this Intelligence,
but immediately strengthened his Fleet, and his Forts, and call'd
in the Javaneses and Mindanaos, to be in readiness upon any
Attack. Amidst the Noise of War, and his Treaties with the Dutch
for maintaining of it, he found Leasure to seek his Satisfaction;
concluding a Match with his Queen Celicaya, who follow'd him in all
his Troubles, even when he last fled from his Kingdom. She was very
Young, and so Beautiful, that all the Indian Kings courted her for
their Wife, and sent to demand her of the Sangiack of Motiel, her
Father; who gave her to him of Ternate, as the greatest, most potent,
and respected. [His Marriage.] The Time for the Nuptials being come,
when the Bride was brought to Ternate, attended by her Father, Kindred,
Brothers-in-law, and many Troops of arm'd Men, she was receiv'd with
the Noise of Cannon, Musick, and other Instruments us'd in their
Festivals and Solemnities. These [Queen Celicaya's great Beauty.]
lasted many Days, with Profusion; but the most pleasing Object, was
the Presence of Celicaya, her extraordinary Grace, which drew the
Eyes, and Affections of all Men, temper'd with a Sort of Affability,
which encourag'd all that convers'd with her. This Quality very often
gave Occasion to suspect her Husband's Reputation, and were not this
History confined to such Things as really relate to the Conquest,
it might afford us a large Field to treat of the Gentleness of her
Disposition, her Love Intrigues, and uncontroulable Power over the
Affections, even of those who were most wrong'd; which are spoken of
at large in several Discourses and Relations.
[Furtado sends for Succours to the Philippine Islands.] The Exigencies
of the Time, and necessity oblig'd the General Furtado to press
for the Succours, which were providing for him in the Philippine
Islands. Amboyna is 200 Leagues from the nearest of them, and that
200 more from Manila, he sent thither F. Andrew Pereyra, a Jesuit,
and Captain Antony Brito Fogaza, in May 1602. They arriv'd at Cebu
on the 25th of July, sail'd thence for Manila on the 6th of August,
and came to that City on the 5th of September. Don Pedro de Acunna
was well pleas'd to see them, asking particularly concerning all
the Proceedings of the General Furtado, wherein he was very curious,
or rather generously emulous, and he having in his Letters referr'd
himself to their Relation, they gave it him at large, and perform'd
the Duty of their Embassy, each according to his Profession. Don Pedro
did not delay their Business; but call'd a Council of War, wherein it
was resolv'd, that the Succours he desir'd should be sent Furtado,
tho' they were forc'd to comply with the Difficulties the Country
then labour'd under. Upon this Determination he sent away to [Succours
sent from the Philippines to Furtado.] the Provinces of the Pintados,
ordering Capt. John Xuarez Gallinato, who commanded there, to furnish
all Things necessary for the Enterprize; and that he, with the best
disciplin'd Infantry, should leave Cebu, and repair to the Town of
Arevalo, the place appointed for the Fleet to rendezvouz. Gallinato
did so, and sent a Ship to Oton, to take in as much as it could of
the Succours. It arriv'd at Oton on the 28th of October; and that
same Day Don Pedro set out from Manila for the Pintados, in Order to
hasten the fitting out of the Fleet by his Presence, tho' it was then
almost ready at Oton, where he arriv'd on the 13th of November, and he
was of such a mettled Temper, that never regarding the Expeditions of
Xolo and Mindanao, or that the Natives of those Islands were spread
about in Troops among those of the Pintados, robbing and murdering
his Majesty's Subjects, he gather'd the Supplies, and deliver'd them
to John Xuarez Gallinato, appointing him General, and Commander in
Chief for this Expedition.
As soon as the General Furtado had sent away for Succours to Manila,
after chastising and garrisoning of Veranula and Amboyna, he set sail
for the Molucco Islands, with five Galeons, four Galliots, and 12
Carcoas, carrying his Victorious Men; but in those Seas Disasters
are so frequent, that neither the Joy of their late Successes,
nor the Refreshment receiv'd after their Victories, appear'd in
their Countenances. He arriv'd at Ternate [Furtado sails by Ternate
to Tydore.] with this Fleet, on the 10th of August; but he only
look'd on that Island, and proceeded to Tydore: There he view'd the
Fort, encourag'd the Soldiers in it, and made use of that King's
Person and Interest, as Prudence directed; for that Prince, tho'
he labours by Words to convince us of his Friendship and Fidelity,
does not confirm it by his Actions; but rather leaves us dubious,
when he most endeavours to perswade.
Furtado left the Galeons at Tydore, and with the other Vessels
that row'd, went six Leagues thence, to the Island of Machian, then
Subject to the [Machian Island submits to Furtado.] King of Ternate,
but so weary of that Vassalage, that as soon as our Fleet appear'd,
the Governours flock'd down to the Port, attended by the Natives, with
their Wives and Children, and such Gifts as came next to Hand, as also
some Colours, which they laid at Furtado's Feet, submitting themselves,
and delivering up their Country. The Men landed in peaceable Manner,
amidst the usual Noise of Bagpipes and Basons; and the Portugueses
having in vain sought after some Dutch Men, who chose rather to secure
themselves by Flight, than to trust to the General's good Nature,
were inform'd that they were gone over to Ternate. A view having
[Dutch fly to Ternate.] been taken of the Island, Furtado erected a
Fort with all possible Expedition, in the most convenient Place. When
finish'd according to the Rules of Fortification, he put into it a
Captain with 50 Men, whom he left well arm'd and provided, and with
them a light Vessel, call'd a Galizabra. Then he return'd himself,
with the Rest of the fleet, to Tydore, where he joyn'd all his Ships,
repair'd them, and set out for Ternate to the Port of Talangame,
where he anchor'd, and lay from the End of October to the middle of
February, when the Succours from Manila came.
Some accuse him of lying still very long without attempting any thing;
[Furtado accus'd.] saying, he let slip the Opportunities, without
cutting off the Enemies Provisions, or ravaging their Country,
when he might have subdu'd them by that Means alone, without firing
a Shot. However, when we have before us the Actions of such great
Commanders, it is safer to judge they had some sufficient unknown
Reason for what they did, than to attribute it to their Fault. Most
certain it is, That being inform'd of a Fleet of the Enemies of
22 Carcoas, which was not far from the Island Machian, he lost no
Time, but putting 172 Portugueses, of the chosen Men of his Fleet,
into 18 Carcoas, under an able Commander, he sent them to find out
the Infidels. But tho' the Soldiers were so haughty, that every one
undertook to fight six Carcoas, yet every Officer was for commanding
all the Rest, and [Portugueses baffled through their Pride.] thus Want
of Discipline snatch'd the Victory out of their Hands. The Enemy
pass'd by, and they look'd on, without firing a Gun. The Barbarian
Fleet, observing their Disorder, stood about nimbly, and pouring in a
Volley upon the Portugueses, took a Carcoa, with fourteen Men in it,
whom they slew, in Sight of their Companions, and it was good Fortune
that they did not follow their Stroke. This occasion'd the General's
erecting the Fort at Machian; whilst the King of Ternate strengthen'd
his, with the Assistance of 20 Hollanders, making good Use of the
Leisure of eight Months given him by Furtado. He then cast up Works,
and provided Engines, as he did afterwards in the Sight of our Camp.
When the Fleet was all assembled at the Philippine Islands,
the Ammunition and Provisions were deliver'd to Gallinato, by
the Judges and King's [The Succours sent by Don Pedro de Acunna.]
Attorney of the Sovereign Court, being 1000 Bushels of clean Rice,
300 Bullocks for Flesh; 200 Jars of Wine; 80 Quintals, or hundred
Weight of Nails, Hooks, Hinges, and other Iron Work; 40 of Powder;
300 Ilocos Blankets; 700 Yards of Spanish Woollen Cloth; 100 Needles
for Sails; 30 Jars of Oil; and for the Complement of Men, 200 Soldiers,
165 of them heavy Harquebusiers, and the other, 35 light Musquetiers;
22 Seamen; some Pilots; one Master; three Gunners of S. Potenciana,
and 20 Grummets. The whole Expence hereof amounting to 22260 Pieces
of Eight a Month. The Governour and Sovereign Court having done
thus much, they requir'd F. Andrew Pereyra, and Captain Brito, to
go with that Supply, which was then in readiness, under Gallinato,
with the Colours, and Captains Christopher Villagra, and John
Fernandes de Torres. The Company belonging to Captain Don Thomas
Bravo, the Governour's Nephew, and Son to his Brother Don Garcia,
staid behind, but the Captain went himself, and serv'd honourably in
the Expedition. The Foot embark'd on the Ship S. Potenciana, and the
Frigats S. Antony, S. Sebastian, S. Bonaventure, and S. Francis. They
set sail from the Port of Yloilo, on the 20th of January, 1603, and
arriv'd at that of Caldera, in Mindanao, on the 25th; where receiving
some Intelligence of the Enemy, they continued till the 28th. Then
they saild towards the Moluccos, and on the 7th of February descry'd
the Island of Siao, and the next Morning, by Break of Day, that
[S. Antony Frigat cast away.] of Toalan, four Leagues from it. There
the Frigat S. Antony was cast away, on a Shoal of that Island, which
discompos'd all the Squadron. Gallinato took Care to save the Men. He
sent Captain Villagra, who brought them off, with the Arms and Guns;
the rest was swallowed by the Sea.
They held on their Voyage, and on the 13th of February discover'd
the Island of Ternate. On the 14th they arriv'd at Tydore, where
they were inform'd of the coming of Andrew Furtado; and therefore
stay'd but a [Gallinato from Manila joyns Furtado.] short Time to
refresh themselves, being earnest to joyn him. Setting forward with
a fair Wind, they came to Ternate, and enter'd the Port of Talangame,
a League from the Fort, on the 16th of the aforesaid Month. The Fleets
saluted one another in friendly Manner, and the Generals did the like,
giving one another an Account of their Strength, Transactions, and
all other Particulars till that Time. The Discourse falling out of
one Thing into another, came to contesting; for Gallinato affirm'd,
That the Enemies Provisions ought to have been cut off, by ordering
our Carcoas to sail round the Island, which was in great Want of
them, and could be reliev'd by the Opportunity he had given. Furtado
alledg'd other Reasons to defend himself. It was thought convenient
before they landed, to take a View of the Enemies Fort, to which
Purpose, the Captains, Christopher Villagra, and Gonzalo Sequeyra
were appointed to make up to it in a Carcoa, with a white Flag,
as it were to speak with the King, and propose Peace and Conditions.
Those two Officers drew near, the Enemy met them, and understanding
what they came about, sent to acquaint the King. He answer'd he could
not give them Audience that Day, but they might return the next. They
returning accordingly, the Inhabitants of the City came out to meet
them, [Two Captains sent to the City of Ternate.] and among them
Cachil Sugui, Cachil Gogo, and Cachil Quipate, the King's Uncles, who
went back to tell him, that those Captains were come by his Highness's
Command. This Message was brought him at Nine a Clock in the Morning,
and tho' he was close by the City, the Answer came not till four
in the Afternoon, and was, That unless Furtado, or Gallinato came,
he would not speak with any other; but that the Captains that were
come might treat with his Officers, and he would stand by, and ratify
what they should conclude. The Spaniards having receiv'd this Answer,
and their Design being to view the Fort, Captain Villagra [Villagra
views the Fort.] set his Resolution, and pretending some Occasion,
went into the Thicket, whence he observ'd all that could be seen on
that Side, more nicely than could have been expected in so short a
Time. They return'd to the Fleet, and gave the General an Account of
all they knew.
In fine, they landed, and then again Gallinato intreated Furtado,
to [The Forces land.] send out the light Vessels a cruising, to cut
off the Enemies Supplies; and those which went out upon his Request,
sped so well, that they met a plentiful and strong Reinforcement
of Men and Provisions, in two Junks and a large Chiampan, which
they took, killing and taking the Men, who were Numerous and well
arm'd. They continu'd to round the Island, encourag'd by this first
Success, and by that Means cut off all Succours. The Enemy began
to want, sicken and dye. They fed on Herbs, and other slight Dyet;
and many, but particularly Women, not being able to endure Hunger,
[Famine at Ternate.] fled confidently, tho' compell'd by Necessity,
to our Camp; and the rest would have done the same if they could.
On the 27th of February, Furtado took a Review of his Men on the
[Christians review'd.] Enemies Shore, where our Ships were at
Anchor. Gallinato said, he was much troubled to see it, because in
his Opinion, they were not fit even to make that Show, most of them
being Boys, sick of the Distemper they call Berber, unskillful at
their Fire-arms, and very few of them had Muskets, but only little
Fowling-Pieces; so that all seem'd to forebode ill Success. The whole
Number of them was 420 Soldiers, divided into four Companies. The next
Day, the Spanish Infantry of the Philippine Islands pass'd Muster,
in the same Place, before Furtado and his Officers. Don Thomas led
them in Armour, and with a Pike in his Hand, with all the Musquetiers
in the Van. After him the other Companies in Order, according to
Seniority. They all form'd three Bodies, being Men of Experience,
well equipp'd, orderly, and of such Valour as soon after appear'd.
A Council was held, about landing, on the first of March, where the
[Consuls about landing.] General declar'd by Word of Mouth, saying
he never did it in Writing, That he had lain so long, almost idle,
wholly depending on the Succour that was come, and that since Don
Pedro de Acunna had sent it so compleat, it was not reasonable to lose
Time. Gallinato answer'd, representing the Greatness of the Enterprize,
and that they had provided no Necessaries to begin the Work, hinting at
some Home Particulars, which were signify'd to him by the Portuguese
Commanders. The Votes being taken, it was finally resolv'd to land,
because all Things were in readiness; perhaps they conceited that the
Enemies Power was imaginary, and that they would submit at the Sight
of our Army. Gallinato was always of the [Gallinato against it.]
contrary Opinion; because that Weakness he was an Eye-witness to,
could not deceive him; and therefore that nothing might be wanting
on his Part, tho' he was under Command, but much respected, he writ
a Role of the Things necessary for the Design in Hand, setting down
in it even the Hand-Spikes for moving of the Artillery, which had not
been provided in all that Time. By which may be seen, said Gallinato,
how great a Defect there had been in the Rest. When the Council broke
up, Furtado told Gallinato, he had order'd, that as soon as they
landed, 200 Portugueses should mount the Guard, with one Company of
Spaniards. Gallinato begg'd he would give him leave to lead the Van,
saying, he would not go as Chief, but only as a Soldier, as being
proud of serving under him. This he requested very earnestly; but
Furtado, who knew how to value such Requests, answer'd, That if he
went he must accept of his [He begs to lead the Van and obtains it.]
Company. Gallinato reply'd, That he should take the Post due to his
Person, since it was of such Consequence, and do him the Favour to
grant him the Van. He would not grant it at that Time, but the next
Day, he and his Admiral spoke to him, saying, He assign'd him the Van,
by the Advice of his Admiral, and therefore desired he would be content
it might consist of the Number of Men he had appointed. Gallinato
accepted the Command, and valu'd it as was due. They landed on the
3d of March, and as they were drawing up, Furtado would needs place
two of his Colours, and one of the Spanish in the Van, with 300 Men;
the other three in the Rear; and the Royal Standard, and himself to
be in the main Body; Gallinato was of Opinion, that all the Colours
should march with the main Body, but the General follow'd his own Way.
[They move towards the Enemy.] In this Order they began to move
towards the Enemy, Captain Don Thomas marching by Gallinato, who
afterwards, in a Letter to Don Pedro, said, He this Day, and upon other
Occasions, gave good Proof, that he was the Son of such a Father,
and these grey Hairs of mine were sufficiently honour'd with the
Assistance of such a Hand, and I was well defended and secure. The
Enemy being above 700, kept in a strong and safe Post, the Shore on
which our Men march'd, being little or nothing, by Reason it was
High-Water, and that on the Land Side there was a very high Bank,
and above it a rising and close Zacatal, which could not be broke
through. Zacatal is a Field overgrown with such deep Grass or Weeds,
that many Men, and much Cattle may be hid among them. These are much
thicker [Zacatal what it is.] than the Fields of Sedge, or Sheer-Grass
in Spain. They call it Zacatal, from the Word Zacate, signifying
that Sort of Grass or Weed, which grows up almost as thick as a
Reed. Along this narrow Slip of Shore, which was full of Rocks, and
uneven, only three Men could march abreast, he that was next the Sea,
being partly in the Water. The Enemy was possess'd of this close Pass,
and a great Tree cut down for that Purpose, and lying across the Place,
serv'd them instead of a Trench. Behind [Posture of the Ternates.]
it, and upon the Bank, between it, and the Zacatal, appear'd all their
Men, with Muskets, Fire-Locks, Campilanes, or Cymiters, Bacacacs,
or burnt Staves, Darts, Hand Granadoes, and Stones which did not do
us the least Harm. They had also five Drakes in this Post, wherewith,
upon some short Attacks, they kill'd five Spaniards; and afterwards,
as the Action grew hotter, wounded ten Portugueses, in such Sort that
they dy'd in a few Days. Gallinato owns he was this Day in Danger of
losing his Honour; because the Colours, and all the Rest was in the
utmost Peril.
[Gallinato repulsed.] The Enemy fought in Safety, and did our Men so
much Harm, that the first Charge Gallinato gave, the Ternates fell on
so furiously, as to drive us from the Ground we had gain'd. Gallinato
look'd behind him to see the Colours he had brought with him in
the Van, with the 300 Men, and found them at his Back very thinly
Guarded. Thus the second Time the Shout was given to fall on, and he
again oblig'd to retire, because he had fewer Men every time, and the
last they were scarce twenty. At length shaming those that lagg'd,
and as it were inspiring new Vigour into them, he [Gains the Pass.]
fell on so fiercely, that he gain'd the Post, and the five Drakes. The
Ternates lost all, or most of their best Men. Gallinato follow'd the
Chace till he discover'd the Fort, then he halted, and order'd our
Camp to be Intrenched. The work was begun, and the Enemy obstructed it
twice, sending out Parties to prevent planting the Gabions, and divert
the Workmen; but they retir'd both times with loss. When the Trench
was finished, Gallinato [Spaniards Intrench.] sent to the General
to come to it. He came and took up his Quarters, with all his Men,
bringing the Royal Standard, and all the Colours.
The next Day he judg'd it convenient to carry the Lodgment
forward. [Trenches carry'd on nearer to the Fort.] Gallinato undertook
it, and with his Men finish'd the Trench, within 200 Paces of the
Enemies Fort. There they continu'd some Days; and it being Gallinato's
Part only to obey, he sometimes gave his Opinion, and always did
what he was commanded. He did so, when the General told them it would
be convenient to carry on a Trench farther, to plant the Cannon. On
the Ninth of the same Month, before the Fort had been well view'd,
he went to open the Trench, with his own Men, and 100 Portugueses,
a little above 100 Paces from the Walls, which being so near they all
soon perceiv'd the danger of the Undertaking. It was the worse for the
Confusion and Noise in filling the Gabions. The next Day the Cannon
was brought thither, being four Guns, two thirteen, and two sixteen
Pounders. These sixteen Pounders, which the Portuguese Soldiers call
Camels, are short Pieces, unfit for Battery; besides that the Bullets
[Stone Bullets unfit for Battery.] were made of Stone, and broke
as soon as they touch'd the Wall; being only fit to fire at the
Houses. Gallinato seeing this, told the General that since before
they landed he said, he had Cannon, he should order it to be brought
on, and planted in Battery, now he saw how ineffectual that they had
prov'd. He answer'd, that there was all he had, having left the best
in some Places he recover'd the foregoing Year; and could not bring
any more such, by Reason of the stormy Weather.
[The Enemies Strength.] This being mounted, the Battery began;
but being so improper for this Purpose, it was canonading the Air;
for the Enemy overlook'd, and was strengthen'd by a Stone Cavalier,
which is that of Our Lady, next the Sea. Under it was a Ravelin,
with seven heavy Pieces of Cannon which did, and threatned greater
Harm to our Camp. The Cavalier was all Rampard, four Fathom high,
and a Fathom and a half broad; all which had been perform'd, and
rais'd with Espauls, by the Contrivance of the Dutch, who forwarded
it, ever since they traded with that Tyrant. On the Land Side ran the
Curtin of the Wall, as far as the Stone Bullwark, call'd Cachil Tulo,
fortify'd outwards with Massy Timbers, on which there were three large
Guns, and two on the Wall from this Bullwark to that of our Lady. All
these Works look'd towards that Part, where our Men had taken up
their Quarters. These Forts had also a great Number of Falconets,
and Drakes; and the Cavalier that was batter'd being the strongest
Part, where there was more Noise than Effect, the General order'd
the Battery to cease.
[They Sally.] On Sunday the sixteenth, between four and five in the
Evening, the Enemy sally'd out of their Fort, with most of their Men
to attack, and gain the Trench, where our Cannon was planted. They
assaulted it in three Places, dividing their Men, next the Mountain
in Front, and towards the Shore. From the Mountainward came above
800 Ternates, with Campilanes, or Cymiters, in the Van of them
almost as many Javaneses, with Pikes 25 Spans long, all in close
Order. The Leader of them was a [Amuxa, the King's Nephew leads them.]
gallant Youth, call'd Cachil Amuxa, the King's Cousin German, and
Son to Cachil Tulo. Four hundred attack'd in Front, and many more
next the Sea, each Body under its own Commander; who all fell on
together with such Vigour, that had not they who defended it been in
great Readiness, the Enemy could not miss of being Master of it. The
Captains Pinto and Villagra commanded in it, who defended it bravely,
but Emanuel Andres, Sergeant to Villagra, Alonso Roldan, a Corporal,
and another Portuguese, who behav'd himself gallantly, dy'd fighting,
being all run through with Pikes. The Advantage soon appear'd on the
Spanish Side, [He is Defeated.] which the Enemy perceiving, they
turn'd their Backs, leaving the Commanders their King had the greatest
Value for, dead in the Field, and retired to the Fort. This Success
gave Occasion to draw another Trench nearer the Fort, to batter the
Ravelin, whence they did us Harm, with seven Pieces, notwithstanding
our Work, which was carry'd on by the Captains Villagra and Sebastian
Suarez. On Thursday the Trench was almost finish'd, and being near,
made them so uneasy, that the Besieged began to batter it, with all
their Cannon, but ineffectually, because the Gabions, and Rampart on
the Inside, could bear much more. However, by this they perceiv'd the
Power and Strength of the Enemy, and the Difficulty of the Undertaking.
On the twenty first of March the General came to the Trench, and
[Council of War held.] calling together the Captains, Gallinato,
Villagra, Antony Andrea, John Fernandez de Torres, Gonzalo de Sequeyra,
Sebastian Suarez de Albergueria, Stephen Texeira, Gaspar Pacheco,
the Admiral Thomas de Sousa Ronches, Lewis de Melo Sampayo, Jacome
de Morales, Don Lope de Almeyda, Ruy Gonzalez, Trajan Rodriguez
Castelbranco, Antony de Brito Fogaza, John Pinto de Moraes, and Don
Thomas Bravo, and taking out a Missal, in the first Place desir'd them
to take an Oath upon the holy Evangelists, that they would not speak
of, nor any otherwise reveal, what he should there propose to them,
and what should be resolv'd upon it, till effected. They all swore,
and then he propos'd the Matter thus.
[Furtado's Speech to the Council.] I have call'd you together,
Gentlemen, to acquaint you with the Condition I am in at Present, and
this Siege has brought me to. It is two Years since I came from Goa,
and during my Voyage, have spent a great Quantity of Ammunition, upon
several Occasions; so that when we landed the other Day we had only ten
Pipes of Powder, and 29 Barrels sent me from Manila. Since I landed,
so much has been consum'd, as is visible, in Skirmishes, and Battery,
that I have now much less than half that Quantity. The Dead, Wounded
and Sick, of our Foot, now wanting in the Camp, are 130; and the rest,
as daily Experience shows, fall Sick very fast of the Distemper call'd
Berber. Our Provisions, tho' we took the Rice the Frigates brought from
Manila, are so short, that they can not last beyond the beginning of
June. The Ships and other Vessels of the Fleet, in the Opinion of the
Pilots, run a great Hazard, where they now lie at Anchor; because,
when this Moon is out, there can be no Safety for it, by reason of
the high Winds and Storms, unless they remove to another Place, and
there is no other but Tydore. We see how resolute, and well fortify'd
the Enemy is, since all our Battery has produc'd so little Effect,
and if they receive any Damage, it is soon made up by the Multitude of
People. The Friendship the King of Tydore promis'd for advancing of his
Majesty's Service, has prov'd so false, that he has perform'd nothing
of what was concerted with him, tho' so reasonable, and beneficial to
himself; having only been free in Words, but his Actions have not yet
been seen. I have had sufficient Tryal of him. He has no other Design,
but to deceive, and amuse us, that our Men may be destroy'd by Degrees,
and so Time may consume us if the Enemy cannot. When I press'd him
to do something, to show at this Time that he was a Friend, and his
Majesty's Subject, he answer'd, he would; but that we must furnish
Provisions for all his Men, because he had none. They demand Powder
and Ball, for every trivial Undertaking, that so they may consume
the little we have left; and when there is any Work to be done,
there are no Men for it. Of the few Amboyneses I brought with me,
for this Purpose, their Labour being great, some are return'd home,
others gone to the Enemy. Those that remain are not sufficient, and
most of what has been hitherto done is owing to the Infantry; which
is so harrass'd, that it can do no Service. The Enemy expects Dutch
Ships, and knows they are now at Banda. I have Intelligence that they
have sent for them, and if they come they will be a great Obstacle
to our Designs. Considering what I have discours'd of, I desire you,
Gentlemen, and every one of you, still under the Obligation of the
Oath, to give me your Opinions, that according to them I may resolve
what to do, in pursuance of the great Duty incumbent on me.
Upon the Request of the Captains, the General Furtado gave in these
Proposals in writing, tho' he oppos'd it at first. In short they
were written, as were the Opinions of the Councellors, among whom
the greater Part, even of the Portugueses oppos'd the General; and
tho' I ought to give some Account of their Votes, because they had
all different Views, yet, in Regard that most of them assented to
Gallinato's Opinion, it will suffice to set down his Answer.
John Xuarez Gallinato, Commander of the Provinces of the Pintados,
and [Gallinato's Answer to Furtado.]
the Officers attending me, do answer to the Proposal made by your
Lordship, as follows. That as to the want of Powder you represent, we
look upon it as essential, since we can not fight without it, and if
that fails, our Cannon and small Fire-Arms, are rather Encumbrances,
than Weapons, and therefore it is requisite to resolve and agree,
where and when to employ, and how much of what we have may be spent,
so as our Enterprize may succeed, since we see how ineffectual that
hitherto spent has been; considering, at the same Time, that a great
Quantity is to be reserv'd, to fight five Dutch Galeons we expect;
which, if they come, part of our Fleet must of necessity go out and
ingage. For, if this be not done they will put Succours into the
Place, which tho' never so inconsiderable, as but of 100 Muskets,
would be very prejudicial to us; besides that, it will be a great
Disreputation, not to meet them out at Sea.
As to the Mens sickning, being kill'd and wounded, we say, those are
Misfortunes always attending War; and that we are sensible how fast
the Army grows weak, for which Reason, it will be necessary to be
the more expeditious in the Work we have in Hand; yet so that neither
too much Precipitation may expose it to Hazards, nor Delay give Time
for all the Army to fall Sick. As for the Scarcity of Provisions,
our Opinion is, that an Account be taken of what we have, how much is
consum'd in a Month, and thus the necessary Distribution may be made
in Time; for otherwise we shall fall short, when we least expect it;
and Hunger will do us more Harm than the Enemy.
To the Danger of the Ships threatned by the Pilots, and their Advice
to go over to Tydore, we answer. That if the Fleet quits the Station
where it is, it will be a manifest Detriment to the Army, which is
supply'd from it with all it Wants, and must want every Thing upon
its Absence. Besides, that if the Enemy see it once gone, they will
take fresh Courage; and if the Dutch come and find the Harbour empty,
it is plain they will possess themselves of it. Again, if the Fleet
makes off, must not a considerable Number of the Soldiers go for its
Security? Now how can it be proper to divide our Forces; especially
considering they are so small, and the Men so sickly? Besides that
here is no Place to lay up the Provisions, for the Waters destroy
them by Day and Night. Whilst aboard the Fleet, the Soldiers have it
daily brought fresh and wholesome. Farther, the Pilots, and Natives
of Tydore, say the Ships are safe in the Harbour till after the Middle
of April.
We have had Tryal of the Enemies Power, and believe they have Men,
Ammunition, and Cannon to spare, considering our Condition; and the
Commanders, and Deserters from them confirm it. But neither can it
be deny'd, that the very first Day we ingag'd as we have been told by
Prisoners, and wounded Men, 1000 of the best Men they had in Ternate
came out to stop our Passage with five Pieces of Cannon, and so posted,
that only two of our Men could come up a Breast to charge them; and yet
they with all these Odds, were beaten off with the Loss of many Men,
as appear'd by the dead Bodies, scatter'd along the Shore, where they
also lost their Artillery. The same Day we saw them sally upon the
Fort of Santiago, where Captain Villagra commanded, and tho' our Men
were surpriz'd, yet they repuls'd them and slew the Flower of their
Commanders; so that they were certainly much weakned; and streightned
by Hunger and Sickness. And tho' with the Help of the Dutch, and
their own Hardiness they repair the Breaches, and fortify themselves
with Artillery, Means may be found to surmount these Difficulties,
for if there were none, it would be no War we are ingag'd in.
We are sensible of the King of Tydore's Want of Faith; but what
discreet Commander has not made the best of such Accidents, and
wink'd at disloyal, and unsteady Persons till a more favourable
Opportunity; Besides, before we landed, Notice was taken of this
Princes Indifferency, and that his Design is to protract the War,
rather in Hatred to Ternate, than out of any Love to our Nation. We
our selves will make amends for the Want of Labourers; we will be
both Soldiers and Pioniers, as we have hitherto been; for the Sword
and the Spade are equally honourable in so just a War; and we again
offer our selves, and our Soldiers, to perform whatsoever shall be
for the Service of God and the King.
It is therefore our Opinion, that the Galeons remove immediately;
that two of them Anchor between our Ladies Cavalier, and S. Paul,
and batter the inside of the Cavalier, and the other two, the House
of S. Paul, the Fort, and the Town. Then of Necessity the Defendants
within must fly, since the Defence of the Stone Parapet, is but a meer
Show, except only where it looks upon the open Country. As soon as the
Galeons begin to batter, we will also batter the Ravelin before the
Cavalier, where the seven Pieces of Cannon are, which will certainly
be ruin'd in two Hours, because our Fort of S. Christopher commands
them, and the Thickness is not above a Fathom. To conclude, My Lord,
the Want of Provisions, and of Health, the coming of the Dutch,
the Resolution of the Besieged, of all other Difficulties will be
surmounted by Celerity. We are ready to perform all Things on our
Part; it belongs to your Lordship to make Tryal of our Promise. It
will not be reasonable immediately to abandon the small Remains of
Christianity in the Moluccos, and the Hopes of regaining what has been
lost, in vain endeavour'd for so many Years, at the Expence of so many
Millions of Money, so many Lives, and the Honour of European Nations,
by turning our Backs upon so holy an Undertaking.
[Furtado dissolves the Council, and acts counter to it.] This Answer
was sent in a Paper signed by the Captains, to satisfy all his
Doubts, for they answer'd others by Word of Mouth, which were
started by the Portuguese Commanders to perswade drawing off;
but the General Thanking both Parties for their Zeal in Advising,
broke up the Council; and on Saturday the 22d, came to a Resolution,
which he left to be put in Execution the next Day. That Night he drew
off the Cannon; and on Sunday Night, at the second Watch, the Forces
began to March towards the Shore, where the Ships lay to take in the
Men. The Admiral, Thomas de Sousa, led the Van; the General and his
Officers, the Main Body; and John Xuarez Gallinato, with the Captains
Don Thomas Bravo, John Fernandez de Torres, and Christopher Villagra,
and the Musketiers, brought up the Rear. [The Forces Shipp'd off.]
In this Order the Foot were Shipp'd off, and got all aboard by the
Morning. At the same time two Dutch Men, of those that were in the
Fort with the Enemy, fled from it, and came to the Ships. Among other
Intelligence, they told the Spaniards how strong the Enemy were in
Men and Cannon: That they had 36 heavy Pieces mounted on the Ravelin
near our Ladies; seven on Cachil Tulo's Bastion; three between them;
and two on the Cavalier; three at S. Paul's; eight in the Main Fort;
three at Limatao; three more on that Bastion, and four more near it.
This Day Furtado propos'd to sail away with the Fleet towards Amboyna,
but wanting Water, put it off for four Days, and during that time
Gallinato had leasure to Discourse him, since he was going away,
about providing [Furtado refuses to supply Tydore, and other Places.]
the Fort of Tydore, which could not be Maintain'd without Supplies. He
Answer'd, He was very willing to do it, but could not; and therefore
would send Succours from Amboyna. Application was made to him to
provide for other Wants, which concern'd his Majesties Service,
to which he return'd the same Answer. He press'd him to consider,
in what Condition he left the Fort of Machian, whereto particular
Regard ought to be had, because there were 50 Men and a Captain, with
the small Vessel, call'd a Galizabra, and he must either Relieve,
or Dismantle it. He said, He had already sent to Destroy it, and did
believe it was then Raz'd. [Machian Fort raz'd.]
Having taken this Order, and Leave of the Commanders, he set sail on
Thursday the 27th of March, sending a Letter to Don Pedro de Acunna,
the Governour of the Philippine Islands, with an Account of the
Particulars of this Enterprize: A small Part of it will suffice to
express the Thoughts and Intention of so Discreet a Commander as
he has been prov'd by his former and later Actions; for it is not
to be believ'd that he would quit the Attempt upon Ternate, without
substantial Reasons: The Succours your Lordship [Part of Furtado's
Letter to the Governor of the Philippines.] sent me, says he,
by Gods Assistance, came in good Time; for it was Providence that
furnished his Majesty with this Fleet, and sav'd the Lives of us,
who still enjoy them. By what has happen'd in this Expedition, his
Majesty will understand how much he is beholding to your Lordship,
and how little to the Commander of Malaca; since it is his Fault, that
his Majesty was not serv'd. When the Succours your Lordship sent me
arriv'd, this Fleet had no Ammunition, as having been two Years out
from Goa, and having spent it as Occasion offer'd. Wherefore, that
it might not be thought I Obstructed his Majesties Service, I landed;
and did it with the Loss of many of the Enemies. I carry'd up my last
Trenches within 100 Paces of the Enemies Works, planted five heavy
Battering-Pieces; and in ten Days Battery a great part of a Bastion,
wherein the Enemies main Strength consisted, was ruin'd. During
that Time all the Powder the Fleet had was spent, without leaving
enough for one Charge of the Guns, and if it should happen, as I do
not question it will, that I meet any Squadron of Dutch, I must of
Necessity fight them, this being my principal Motive for raising of
the Siege, when the Enemy was reduc'd to great Streights, both by Want,
and for that many of their best Commanders had been kill'd during the
Siege. By this your Lordship may guess at the Condition I am in. This
Letter dilates upon the Complaints against the Governours of India. He
promises Don Pedro, that if he meets with any Succours at Amboyna,
and is not oblig'd to go relieve the southern Parts, he will return
to the Moluccos, tho' he be forc'd to go refit as far as Malaca. He
praises and recommends the Captains Gallinato, Don Thomas, Villagra,
and their fellow Soldiers, and so concludes the Letter.
Gallinato went to Tydore, where he was inform'd, that tho' the Fort
of Machian was abandon'd, only one Bastian of it was dismantled;
so that if the Enemy would possess themselves of it, they might
do it with Ease, and were actually about it. Hereupon he spoke to
the King of Tydore, [Gallinato at Tydore takes Care of Machian.]
and the Portuguese Commander in Chief, recommending to them, that
they would either take Care to maintain, or else quite raze that
Fort. They commission'd a Captain to do the latter, who going to
perform it, loaded the Vessel, call'd Galizabra with 200 Quintals,
or a hundred Weight of Clove, and return'd to Tydore, to the great
Satisfaction of the Portugueses of that Island. At this Time the
King of Ternate was repairing the Breaches in his Fortifications,
and rais'd new Defences, providing against Dangers he knew Nothing
of yet. His Subjects are Warlike, [Falshood of the King of Tydore.]
with whom, and the Assistance of the Dutch, he thought his Kingdome
invincible. Great Matters might have been expected could any Confidence
be repos'd in the King of Tydore; but our Commanders say his People,
and those of Ternate understand one another.
On the 17th of April, the King of Tydore acquainted Gallinato,
that with [The King and Queen of Tydore at Variance.] his Leave
he design'd to make Peace with the King of Ternate. He answer'd, He
would do well to consider what was expedient for his own Dominions,
without Detriment to his Majesty's Service. The same Day the Sangiack
of Nua, in the Kingdom of Bachian, came to Tydore. He was a Christian,
and laying hold of the Opportunity of serving his Majesty in the last
Expedition, visited the Queen of Tydore, a beautiful young Lady,
Daughter to the King of Bachian, who liv'd discontented, because
the King her Husband was more fond of another ancient Woman, and not
so well born. The Sangiack had Commission and Strength to steal her
away, and conduct her to her Father, since neither Complaints, [She
is stolen away.] Intreaties, nor any other Methods had been of Force
to reclaim the King. On the 4th of May, came a Sister of the King's,
on the same Pretence of visiting her Niece, and reconciling her to
the King. The Sangiack and she having concerted those Affairs, the
young Queen going abroad with them to an Entertainment, and all Things
being provided, they embark'd, and sail'd away towards Bachian. The
King of Tydore was enrag'd, out of Patience, and apprehensive of
a new War; tho' afterwards this Difference was amicably adjusted,
by the Interposition of Cachil Malua, a principal Person of Bachian.
On the 22d of May News was brought to Tydore, that the King of Ternate,
had fitted out 50 Carcoas in his Harbour, and expected the Dutch
Ships. He, at the same Time, made Rejoycings, in a triumphant Manner
for the Departure of the Spaniards. It was requisite to leave some Men
and Provisions in the Fort of Tydore, which being done, Gallinato,
who [Fort of Tydore supply'd.] had before writ by an Advice-Boat,
to the General and Governour of the Philippine Islands, left the
Moluccos, and sail'd himself that Way. This was the Event of that
so long intended and threatned Undertaking, which I have deliver'd
impartially, having search'd after, and even guess'd at some Excuses
to justify the Behaviour of so great a Commander as Andrew Furtado;
enquiring of those very Officers who were present at the Attacks, and
in the Councils. Neither by them, nor by the General's own Memorials
[Impartiality of the Author.] and Papers, can be found or made out
any more than what appears by those which have been here inserted;
but to judge of these Affairs is not the Part of an Historian.
[Earl of Lemos President of the Council of the Indies.] This same
Year, about the beginning of April, the Presidentship of the Council
of the Indies was conferr'd on Don Pedro Fernandez de Castro, Earl
of Lemos and Andrade, Marquess de Sarria, Chief of his Family,
whose Royal Antiquity is well known, Nephew and Son-in-law to the
Duke of Lerma. In his Youth he gave such Hopes, as were afterwards
fulfill'd by his Actions. He was then Gentleman of the Bed-Chamber
to our King. The World made the same Judgment of him, that the Senate
of Rome had in his Time of Scipio, afterwards call'd Africanus, when
it made a Scruple of entrusting him with Matters of great Difficulty,
because he was so young. But Experience soon made appear in the Earl,
as well as in Scipio, that Prudence, which regulates all other Virtues,
often anticipates grey Hairs. It is no Merit of the Off-spring to be
descended from Noble, or Plebeyan Families; but such was the Vivacity
of this great Man's Spirit, and Judgment, that had he been born Mean,
he might by his own natural [This was writ when he was living.]
Parts have made his Fortune. No Man can say he wanted publick or
private Accomplishment. In him appears a settled Magnanimity; with
a courteous Sincerity; yet temper'd with that Justice we extol in
the severe Austereness of some of the Ancients. These Virtues are
interwoven with Religion, a Zeal for its Propagation, and the universal
Agreement, which is the Product of publick Tranquility. Thus he serv'd
his King, with Care and Solicitude; without Intermission, or seeking
himself and his Advantage. It will be requisite to be brief in this
Particular, because his singular Modesty is not pleas'd with the
Soothings of Commendation; but is as averse to Flattery, as remote
from standing in need of it.
[Member of the said Council, at that Time.] The Earl found the
Council fill'd with zealous and grave Men; the Lords Benedict
Rodriguez Valtodano, Peter Bravo de Sotomayor, Alonso Molina de
Medrano, Knight of the Order of Santiago, or S. James the Apostle,
James de Armenteros, Gonzalo de Aponte, Don Thomas Ximenes Ortis,
Don Francisco Arias Maldonado, Benavente de Benavides, John de
Villagutierre, Lewis de Salcedo, and Ferdinand de Villagomez; all of
them qualify'd by Extraction, noted for Learning, and having taken
the highest Degrees in it. These were Counsellors, and the last of
them Solicitor General of that Assembly. To which also belong'd
John de Ybarra, Knight of the Order of Calatrava, and Commendary
of Moratalaz, and Peter de Lodesma, the King's Secretaries. In the
Places of the Licenciates, Molina de Medrano, and Gonzalo de Aponte,
whom his Majesty afterwards employ'd in his Royal Council of Castile,
and in those of some who dy'd, his Majesty, at several Times put in
the Licenciates, Lewis de Salcedo, Gudiel, and Don Francis de Texada y
de Mendoza, Doctor Bernard de Olmedilla, and John de Ybarra, &c. All
these amidst that Multitude of Business they dexterously dispatch'd,
laid all their main Designs, for the restoring his Majesty's Monarchy
to its Fulness, in those utmost Limits of it; a Project suitable to
the Genius of the new President. He enquiring into the general and
particular Posture of all Things then depending, met with that of the
Molucco Islands, and finding it of Consequence, and almost forgotten,
inclin'd to give it a helping Hand.
[Br. Gaspar Gomez informs the Council.] Much about this Time, Brother
Gaspar Gomez came into Spain, being sent by Don Pedro de Acunna, to
solicite that Enterprize. The Brother at several tedious Audiences,
gave the President full Information of all that concern'd the Molucco
Islands, their Wealth, the great Treasure Spain has expended in
Attempts to recover them, to restore persecuted Christianity, where
it had been so much receiv'd; and what Consequence it was, that this
should be done by Way of the Philippine Islands. The Earl undertook
that Cause, as such ought to be supported, and consulted about it
with the Council, with the Duke of Lerma, and most particularly
with the King's Confessor. He never desisted, till it was brought
to bear, and in such a Forwardness, that it might be effectually
dispatch'd. The Members of the supream Council, with the same Zeal,
and considering the repeated Disappointments of this Enterprize,
forwarded the Expedition, and all of them agreed that Don Pedro de
Acunna should undertake it in Person. This favourable Disposition of
theirs, was fully confirm'd, by the News brought a Year after, of the
ill Success of the united Forces of India under Furtado, and those of
the Philippine Islands, under Gallinato. It was writ by Don Pedro de
Acunna, describing it to the Life, with Duplicates for his Majesty,
and the prime Ministers, and though he left much to Brother Gaspar
Gomez, he was very particular himself.
He complain'd that they had let slip such an Opportunity of Recovering
Ternate, and chastising the Dutch, who resort thither to the Trade of
[Don Pedro de Acunna's letter concerning the Enterprize on Ternate.]
Clove, Mace, and other Spice, and Drugs. He represented the Danger the
Philippine Islands were in, after that Neighbouring Tyrant's Victory;
and that having more particularly weigh'd the Circumstances of that
Affair, besides the Necessity of regaining the Reputation lost there,
he found that whatsoever has been yet said, was short. For not to
mention the principal End, which was the Propagation of the Faith,
but only with Regard to the King's Revenue, he show'd, That Ternate
being reduc'd it would be easie to subdue the Islands of Banda, which
are above thirty, lying about a hundred Leagues from the Moluccos,
full of valuable Mace, and possess'd by an unwar-like People, would add
that Income to Spain, and take it from the Dutch, who carry all away,
with little or no Opposition. He promis'd the same as to the Islands
Papuas, which are many, not far distant from Ternate, some of them
Subjects to that King, and yielding him a considerable Quantity of
Gold, Amber, and other valuable Tribute. Then he extended to the Great
Batochina, or Gilolo, describing its Fertility, and how that Tyrannical
King oppress'd it. Those of Celebes 45 Leagues from Ternate, where
he had strong Garrisons. The Greater and Lesser Javas, whose Kings
would again submit to Spain, as soon as the Moluccos were brought
under. He earnestly recommended Secresie and Expedition. To evince
the Necessity of both, besides the usual Reasons, he urg'd that as
soon as those Rebels and the Dutch hear of any War-like Preparations,
they spare neither Cost, nor Labour, to make all necessary Provision;
and that they never sail by the Coasts of India without ruining,
and plundering them. He affirm'd, that the General Furtado was no
way to blame for having abandon'd that Enterprize; for as it plainly
appear'd, and Captain Gallinato declar'd he had always behav'd himself
like a brave Gentleman, and discreet Commander; but that besides the
Want of Provisions and Ammunition, he could not relie upon his own
Men; and that if the Succours sent him from Manila had been more
considerable, he would have hazarded all with only them. He said,
the King of Tydore had sent him great Complaints against the General
Furtado, and that it was a common saying with him. That before he came
to the Moluccos the King of Tydore Slept, and he of Ternate Watch'd;
but now the Case was alter'd, and the contrary might be said. Yet he
believ'd he was not heartily sorry for the Disappointment. The same
he urg'd in Relation to the Kings of Bachian and Sian. He concluded,
offering to undertake that Affair in Person, provided he might be
furnish'd with what was necessary, that he might not be Distress'd
as his Predecessors had been. Then he went on, by way of Answer
to the Objections, or Accusations of the Spanish Commanders, who
being us'd to the Wars in Europe, despis'd all other Enemies, who
made War without all those Engines, and Fire-Arms us'd in Flanders,
France, and England. He says, none of those Eastern Provinces wanted
any of the Inventions we have in Europe; and that besides the great
Numbers they have, and the Dexterity in using them of the Japoneses,
Chineses, Mindanaos, and Moluccos, they are no less expert at their
Bows, and Arrows; especially the Javaneses, who conquer when they fly,
and that they are not destitute of such Strategems, that the Spaniards
have need of all their Valour against them, and their numerous
Armies. He owns the Molucco Islands can not stand in Competition,
with the strong and populous Cities taken in our Parts, but that
nevertheless, so many Christian Churches as have been polluted in them;
the banishing of our Religion; the Persecution of its Ministers;
the continual Tyrannical Practices; and Alliance of those People,
with the Dutch, his Majesties last Rebels, ought not to be cast into
Oblivion. And that, were there no other Motive but this, the King
ought to retrieve his Honour, which is concern'd for the loss of so
many of his Fleets, and Commanders. It is very remarkable, that tho'
in these Letters he gave an Account of the Posture of Affairs, either
as to Peace, or War, of so many several Kings, among whose Territories
the Spanish Arms appear, not without Glory; yet he insists not so much
on any Point, as that of Ternate, which was grown Old by above thirty
Years standing, to the Discredit of our Nation. From all this may be
inferr'd, how necessary it is always, in Affairs of great Difficulty,
to bend the entire Understanding to them, and to be in Love with the
Design conceiv'd, that so the Event may answer the Expectation. He
at the same Time sent long Reflections, and Projects of the Count
de Monterey, then Viceroy of Peru, relating to the Execution of
that Affair, wherein it plainly appear'd, by the Consonancy of the
Reasons, And the Opinions of Men well acquainted with those Parts,
that the Expedition was of greater Concern and Importance, than all
the Arguments made use of upon the like Occasions do ever amount to.
[Lewdness of the King of Ternate and Cachil Amuxa.] Thus was Ternate
bandy'd in the Councils of Spain, whilst at home it abounded in Trade,
yet stood upon its Guard, and particularly the King, whose Prosperity
gave him Occasion to indulge his Inclinations, of Cruelty towards the
Christians, and private Satisfaction to himself. He gave himself up
to the Love of Celicaya, yet being divided among so many Women, it had
not the usual Power over him, but allow'd of other Diversions. Cachil
Amuxa, the bravest of his Commanders, and his Cousin German, was newly
Marry'd to a Daughter of the King of Mindanao, a singular Beauty,
not of the Asiatick Sort, but of the Spanish or Italian. The King,
who was us'd to observe no Rules, courted her as a Gallant, and as a
King, persisting, and presenting her; and was soon admitted by the
Indian Lady. Her Husband, tho' their Privacy for a while conceal'd
his Wrong; at length, by the King's contriving to keep him abroad,
and the Interposition of Time, which reveals all Secrets, found out
who it was defil'd his Bed. What could the unfortunate Man do? He
durst not kill his Wife, for the Love he bore her, and for Fear of the
King's Displeasure. He resolv'd to be reveng'd, as if it had been in
a Money Concern. In order to it, he dissembled the best he could,
and whensoever he had an Opportunity to talk to Queen Celicaya,
either feign'd, or profess'd Love, till he had inculcated it as
he desir'd. He bore with the Disdain and Threats, which are the
Weapons Nature bestow'd on that Sex; and Perseverance prevail'd,
for Celicaya rewarded Cachil's Love. This Intrigue continu'd [Amuxa
Cuckolds the King in Revenge.] a considerable Time, till the King
found it out, and both Rivals took Notice of it. Tho' the King more
deeply resented the Reprisal his Kinsman had made, to be reveng'd;
yet they did not fall out on that Account, nor forbear conversing
together. They preserv'd Peace and Friendship in their Houses;
and the King stood so much in need of Cachil Amuxa, for his Wars,
which in those Parts are no less frequent, than Peace, the special
Blessing of Heaven, is among us, that he durst not declare against
him, and what is more, not so much as displease Celicaya. She, as
if the Abuse tolerated in Men had been allow'd to Women, justify'd
herself by alledging the Wrong the King had done her in courting
the other. However, [The King's Revenge.] the King being once in
the Field, under one of their Arbours, and Cachil Amuxa coming in,
without his Campilan, or Cymiter, the Guards upon a Signal given them,
handled their Arms, fell upon, and gave him many Wounds on his Head,
Face, Arms and Body, none daring to defend him. He was sensible of
the Occasion, and Revenge, and suddenly drawing a small Criz, or
Dagger, he happen'd to have about him, did not only defend himself
against many Cuts and Thrusts, but assaulted the Murderers, and with
great Activity, wounded some, bore down others, and put the rest to
Flight, killing four. Nor had his Fury stopp'd there, but that the
King slipp'd away; tho' now his Wounds had weaken'd Amuxa by Reason of
the great Quantity of Blood that ran from them. He was left for dead;
but an Uncle of his, hearing the Noise, came in to his Assistance,
with his Followers; who all bound up his Wounds, and carry'd him to
his House, where he was cur'd, by the King's Permission. This was the
Effect of his Fear, rather than good Nature, for all his Kindred took
the Injury upon themselves, and began to meditate Revenge; which they
would certainly have compass'd, and made fair Way for the Pretension
of Spain, had not those who were apprehensive of another War soon
reconcil'd those Animosities. The Cachil was cur'd, but with such
Scars in his Face, and so many deep Gashes and Seams in his Head,
that he was nothing like the Man he had been before. So say they who
knew him, and have seen him in our Days at Manila and Ternate. He
was restor'd to the King's Favour, and both of them to that of their
Wives, without Notice taken of the Accident, or as if it had been a
Secret. So great is the Difference in the Humours of Nations.
The End of the Eighth Book.
THE
HISTORY
OF THE
Discovery and Conquest
OF THE
Molucco and Philippine Islands, &c.