BOOK I._The Discovery and Conquest of the Molucco and Philippine Islands. Containing their History, Ancient and Modern, Natural and Political: Their Description, Product, Religion, Government, Laws, Languages, Customs, Manners, Habits, Shape, and Inclinations of the Natives. With an Account of many other adjacent Islands, and several remarkable Voyages through the Streights of Magellan, and in other Parts.

THE

DISCOVERY

AND

CONQUEST

OF THE

Molucco and Philippine Islands.

CONTAINING,

Their History, Ancient and Modern, Natural and Political: Their

Description, Product, Religion, Government, Laws, Languages, Customs,

Manners, Habits, Shape, and Inclinations of the Natives. With an

Account of many other adjacent Islands, and several remarkable Voyages

through the Streights of Magellan, and in other Parts.

Written in Spanish by Bartholomew Leonardo de Argensola, Chaplain to

the Empress, and Rector of Villahermosa.

Now Translated into English: And Illustrated with a Map and several

Cuts.

LONDON, Printed in the Year, 1708.

TO THE

HONOURABLE

Edmund Poley,

BADLEY,

IN THE

County of SUFFOLK, Esq.;

Sir,

Reiterated Favours claim a Repetition of Acknowledgments; should

the latter be as frequent as the former, they might prove rather

troublesome to you, than acceptable. I have therefore resolv'd

once for all to express how sensible I am of the many Obligations

I lye under. You would not perhaps be pleas'd, should I go about

to enumerate them, because great Minds never look back upon what

Courtesies they have bestow'd, being always intent upon what farther

Acts of Generosity they may perform.

Among the many other Testimonies of your Bounty, there is one I am here

oblig'd particularly to mention, which is your having admitted of the

Dedication of so small a Work as the Translation of Cieza's Travels in

Peru. Your Acceptance of that Part has encourag'd me to prefix your

Name to the Whole, now grown up into two Volumes, that it may honour

them both in the Front, as it gives Reputation to the first in that

Place, where it shall remain as a Demonstration of your Condescension,

as this is of your Right and my Gratitude. I shall therefore avoid

any Repetition of what is there said, or adding more here to display

your Merit. Neither am I capable of giving your Character, nor will

you consent to it, which puts me upon a Necessity of cutting short;

lest my own Inclination and your Desert insensibly draw me on to

attempt what I am not qualify'd to go through with. True Virtue can

be no more conceal'd than the Splendor of the Sun, nor does it stand

in need of outward Ornaments to set it off; you have render'd your

self too conspicuous to be unknown, and can receive no Addition from

my poor Endeavours. The Design of these Lines is, at the same Time,

to honour my Work with your Patronage, and to express my Acknowledgment

and Gratitude for all Favours already receiv'd; wishing this may stand

a perpetual Monument of both, and to you all Increase of Happiness;

and I shall always own my self

Sir,

Your most Obliged, and most

Devoted Humble Servant

JOHN STEVENS.

Concerning this Work in general.

It will be needless to trouble the Reader with a tedious Introduction,

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as if Printed all at once, and be no less becoming any Gentlemans

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The next Book Publish'd in this Collection, will be Diarium Italicum:

Or, Singular Remarks upon Ancient Monuments, Collections of Rarities,

&c. made in a Journey through Italy: With variety of Cuts and

Figure. By the R. F. Bernard de Montfaucon, Monk of the Order of

S. Benedict, of the Congregation of S. Maur.

THE

PREFACE.

Our Author, Bartholomew Leonardo de Argensola, was a Learned Clergyman,

and as such employ'd by the President and Council of the Indies to

Write this History. He calls it, The Conquest of the Molucco Islands,

without Enlarging any further in his title, tho' at the same time his

Work contains their first Discovery, their Description, the Manners,

Customs, Religion, Habit, and Political and Natural History; with

all the Wars, and other Remarkable Accidents in those Parts, since

they were first known to Europeans, till their Reduction under the

Crown of Spain. In Speaking of them he Occasionally runs out to give

the same Account of the Philippine Islands, and of several others

in those Eastern Seas. This is frequent in Spanish Books, wherein we

generally find much more than the Titles promise, contrary to what is

Practis'd with us, who strive to fill up a Title Page with abundance

of Inviting Heads, the least part whereof is Treated of in the Body

of the Work, or at best so Superficially, that scarce any more can

be made of them there, than was in the Frontispiece.

For the Compiling of this Work the Author, being Employ'd by

the Authority abovemention'd, had the Command of all Authentick

Manuscript Relations, which were either in the Kings Custody, or in

Private Hands; besides the Testimony of such Persons then Living,

as had been Eye-Witnesses to any part of what he delivers. His Design

was only to Write the Conquest of those Islands, by King Philip the

Third of Spain; but considering how few were acquainted with them,

and that of Consequence most Readers would be at a loss to know where,

or what these Moluccos were, he Judiciously Resolv'd to bring down his

History from its proper Source. To this End he begins with the Antient,

and Fabulous Original of their Kings; then comes to the Discovery of

them by Europeans, and proceeds to the Wars between them, and with

the Natives, for the Possession of those so much coveted Dominions.

His Description of them is very Exact; That of the Cloves, their

principal Commodity, no less Curious; and that of the other Product

and Animals, Inferior to neither. The Wars carrying him over from one

Place to another; he gives a short Account of the Islands Papûas,

and that of Celebes. The Spaniards, to avoid passing through the

Portuguese Sea, attempted to settle Trade at the Moluccos, by the

way of the Streights of Magellan, which gives occasion to Argensola

to entertain us with a particular Account of the Spanish Fleet sent

into the said Streight, under the Admiral Sarmiento, which has been

hitherto very Imperfectly Deliver'd in English, tho' very Remarkable,

and full of Surprizing Accidents. In short, not to stretch out this

Preface, with the Subject of the Work, we shall find in it a brief

Description of the Island Sumatra; of the vast Empire of China; of

all the Philippine Islands, and those of Ceylon, Banda, Java, and many

others of less Note. Nor does he omit to speak of the Dutch Voyages;

and Undertakings of Sir Francis Drake, and other English Adventurers;

and Embelishes the whole with such variety of pleasing Incidents,

that few Books of Travels afford so much Profitable Entertainment,

with such good Authority.

No Author ever had a better Reputation, among all that Understand,

and have had the good Fortune to Meet with him; for being so

Valuable, he is extraordinary Scarce, rare to be met with in

Spain, and consequently much more in England. This may perhaps be

the main Reason why he has not yet been Translated, and being so

Valuable, he cannot miss of that Reception which he has found in

the Original. But it is not intended to prepossess the Reader, who

is left to make his own Judgment, and therefore a long Preface is

designedly avoided, that he may the sooner enter upon so Useful and

Diverting a Work. It is not improper, nevertheless, to Advise the

Reader not to take notice of some Reflections in Point of Religion,

and in other Cases, considering the Book was Writ by a Spaniard,

and that it was not proper to Omit, or Alter any thing, where a Fair,

and Entire Translation is promised. Besides, That these are very few,

and inconsiderable, and consequently not worth observing, as indeed

the generality of Judicious Readers will be suffciently satisfy'd,

and this Caution is given for their Sake, whom perhaps Passion,

or overmuch Zeal may move to condem a Work on such an Occasion,

when they can find no other matter to Carp at.

THE

HISTORY

OF THE

Discovery and Conquest

OF THE

Molucco and Philippine Islands, &c.

BOOK I.

[Author's Introduction.] I write the Conquest of the Molucco Islands

by King Philip the III. of Spain, and the reducing of their Kings to

their former Subjection, to his Predecessors, by Don Pedro de Acunha,

Governour of the Philippine Islands, and Admiral of the Spanish

Fleet; a Victory worthy the Foresight of such a Godly Monarch, the

Application of those worthy Statesmen that compose his supreme Council,

and the Valour of our Nation; not so much on account of the Wealth,

and Fertility of those Countries, as for that it took from the Northern

Nations all occasion of Sailing in our Seas, and Debauching the new

Converted Asiaticks, and the Inhabitants of our Colonies Trading among

them. The Celerity with which the Expedition was concluded, does not in

the least diminish the Glory of the Event; which, for that very Reason,

might rather deserve a place in a more ample Relation. I am sensible

of the Dangers I expose my self to; but am no less satisfy'd, that I

shall find some to stand by me. The most famous Painters, and Carvers,

have generally a great value for Heads, Arms, and other Limbs, which

have been drawn to perfection from the Life, by which they compose

all the Parts, when they design some excellent Piece. The ignorant in

those Arts have no Esteem for such Fragments, being only taken with

the entire Statue, or Picture, consisting of all its Limbs, without

examining the Defects there may be in each of them. The Relation I

undertake to write of these Islands will find the same Esteem, and

be expos'd to no less Contempt; for the Judicious, who understand how

History is Compil'd, will value this part drawn to the Life; whereas

those, who, as they say themselves, Read only to divert the Time,

will make little account of it, as being more fond of some Romance,

full of Monsterous Events; or of some bulkey Work, bearing the Title

of a History, treating of numerous Armies, and mighty Slaughters, and

bestowing the Success, not where Providence gave, but where they would

have it. This is the Reason why many Things, worthy to be known and

preserv'd, remain bury'd in Oblivion; because being left for General

Histories, there are only slight Sketches of them Drawn at the Time

when they hapned, by those who had a share in them, so that when

these Manuscripts are to be made use of, either they are not to be

found, or else they reduce the Writer to a necessity of subscribing

to whatsoever either Self-Love, or any other Passion dictated to

the Authors of such Memoirs, without any possibility of examining

into the Truth. To obviate this Inconveniency, in a matter of such

moment as that of Ternate, the Capital of the Molucco Islands, I was

Commanded to write an Account of it, at a time when they were still

living who acted in and directed it: And I have such full Information

of all that is requisite for this purpose, that I hope Truth will

make amends for my want of Ability. This is as much as I have thought

fit to Advertise the Reader, without entering upon the Advantage he

will reap by perusing this Relation; because, if he is well affected,

all I can say for it will be superfluous; and if otherwise inclin'd,

tho' I endeavour to set him right, he will never conceive it.

[Kings of the Moluccos.] Among the fourteen most potent Princes, who

Lord it over the Archipelago of the Molucco Islands, under the Title

of Kings, those of Ternate and Tydore boast of a Divine Original;

such Liberty to be vain do Men take upon them, or so much do they

ascribe to obscure Antiquity. [A Fable of their Original.] There is

an ancient Tradition among those People, look'd upon as Sacred, That

they were once Govern'd by a most Ancient Prince, called Bicocigara,

who sailing along the Coast of Rachian, perceiv'd that among some

craggy Rocks there were grown up abundance of Rotas, so they call

a sort of solid Canes, which, when small, they make use of instead

of Ropes. He lik'd them, and order'd they should be cut down, and

brought into his Vessel. His Subjects going to fulfil his Orders,

and having search'd all the place, return'd to their Master, desiring

he would look again, least his Eyes deceiv'd him, for they could

meet with no such Canes. Bicocigara, who saw them distinctly from

his Boat, was positive with his incredulous People, and order'd them

again to be brought; but to decide the matter, went himself Ashore,

where immediatly they appeared to them all. He commanded them to be

cut down, and as they went about it, Blood ran from the Canes that

were cut. Being astonish'd at that Prodigy, he discover'd close to

the Roots of them four Eggs, which look'd like a Snakes Eggs, and at

the same time heard a Voice, proceeding from the hollow of the Canes

cut down, which said, Keep those Eggs; for from them shall come four

excellent Governours. He took up those fatal Eggs, with Religious

Respect, and carry'd them home, where they were kept in the best

place of his House. In a short time, from the four Yolks proceeded

four Rational Chickens, being three Men, and one Woman, who afterwards

Reign'd, the first of them Bachian, the second in Butan, and the third

over the Islands call'd Papuas, lying East from the Moluccos. The

Woman was Marry'd to Prince Loloda, who gave Name to the Country of

Batochina, not far from the great Boconora. This Fable has gain'd such

Reputation, that they honour Bicocigara as a Hero, worship the Rocks,

and adore the Eggs. The truth of it is, that the cunning Man, by this

prodigious Superstition, Sanctify'd his own Race, and gain'd Kingdoms,

and Respect for his four Children. So Greece feign'd, or beleiv'd,

that Leda Conceiving of the Adulterous Swan brought forth the Eggs,

from which came Castor, Pollux, and Helena. Fortune, when she raises

Men to a high pitch, perswades those she designs to Crown, to lay the

Foundation of their Majesty on Fables, resembling true Misteries,

so to perswade the Multitude that they are somewhat Divine, and to

distinguish the Royal Race by a peculiarity even in the Universal

Law of being Born into the World. Of this Race thirteen Idolatrous

Kings succeeded one another in Tydore, down to Sultan Tydore Bongue,

the first that receiv'd the Mahometan Alcoran, tho' intermix'd with

Idolatry, which lasted above Eighty Years, and being confounded among

the Precepts of that abominable Sect, bred Divisions, and Distractions

among the People. Afterwards, when the Commander Brito arriv'd in that

Island, as we shall soon see, he found a Caciz, or Priest, taught them

the new Superstition, and that many oppos'd him, on account of the

old Fable of the Eggs, which the Persian Morabout could never Decry;

so great is the power of Error transmitted from our Fore-Fathers.

King Tydore Bongue's Successor, was his Son Cachil Boleyfe, no less

[A false Prophesie.] Supersticious than the Father, but in another

way. He pretending to the Spirit of Prophecy, gain'd such Reputation,

by the Experience and Foresight of his Riper Years, that he came to be

Honour'd by his Subjects as a Prophet; or by the least Credulous, as a

Person of singular Prudence, so that all Men gave Ear to him, as to an

Oracle. Puffed up with this Vanity, he pretended to Fore-tell future

Events; which when no particular Persons, or set Times are appointed,

is a safe way of Predicting, without Danger of being found False;

either because in process of Time something Accidentally happens,

that may be adapted to the Prophecy, or in regard, that is always

expected which will never come to pass. For this Reason, as in most

Countries there are some current Notions of future Expectations,

conceiv'd upon trivial Occasions, rather than any Observation of the

Stars; therefore Boleyfe us'd to tell those about him, That the time

would come, when Iron Men should arrive at Ternate, from the remotest

parts of the World, and settle in its Territory; by whose Power the

Glory, and Dominion of the Molucco Islands should be far extended.

In the Reign of King John the first, of Portugal, his Son, Prince

Henry, [First Discoveries.] having employ'd several Persons on

Discoveries, John Gonzales, and Tristan Vaz found the Island of Madera,

in the Year 1419, and others soon after those of the Azores, and Cabo

Verde, and ran along the Coast of Guinea and Africk. Afterwards,

in the Reigns of King Edward, and Alonso the V. those Discoveries

were continu'd, till under King John the II. they proceeded as far

as the Cape of Good Hope, and a Hundred Leagues beyond it, along

the Coast, call'd Rio del Infante. The honour of this Discovery is

due to that famous Seaman Bartholomew Diaz, if we may believe the

Manuscript Memoirs of Duarte Resende, for the Historian Barros. This

rais'd Emulation in the Spanish Nation, already engag'd in such

Voyages, as having Discover'd the Western Islands, call'd Antilles,

or Caribbee Islands. This Discovery occasion'd a Controversy about

the Right to them, Portugal pretending to, and Spain defending its

Possession. After much Contention, the Difference was adjusted by Ruy

de Sousa, and Don John his Son, and Arias de Almada, Commission'd by

Portugal, who in the Year 1404. agreed with the Spanish Embassador,

That, since this inferior Globe, consisting of Earth and Water,

answers to the Degrees into which the Celestial Sphere is divided,

it should be equally parted between the two Kings, by a Meridian Line

drawn through the North and South Poles, and compassing the Land and

Sea, so as to cut them into two halves. It was appointed, That the

Share to the Eastward should belong to the Crown of Portugal, and the

other to the Westward, to that of Castile; and that it should be so

mark'd down on the Sea Charts; the Line passing through a fixt Point

on the Earth, which was to be the Boundary of both Nations. This

was by mutual Consent settled 360 Leagues West from Cabo Verde,

and so the Line, or Meridian, fell upon the Country we call Brazil,

about the most Westerly part of the Mouth of the River Maranhao,

which disembogues there to the Northward. This Line cuts through that

Country, and to the Southward runs off beyond the River of Plate,

from whence the Spaniards begin to reckon their Degrees of Longitude

Westward, and the Portugueses Eastward, 180 belonging to each of them,

for as much as the whole Circumference of the Earth contains three

hundred and sixty Degrees.

[Vasco de Gama discovers India.] Vasco de Gama, employ'd by King

Emanuel of Portugal, to Discover and Conquer India, prosecuted this

Enterprize, look'd upon by Ptolomy, as impracticable; he travers'd

the main Ocean, within the Portuguese Division, where he Discover'd,

and since the Portuguese Commanders have Conquer'd so many Kingdoms,

Nations, and Islands, so distinct in Customs, Manners, Laws, Languages,

and Colours. They returning home admir'd what they had seen, and

lay'd it down in Maps, but stretching out the Longitude, that is the

Distance from West to East, beyond what it really was; thus Craftily

providing for the Controversy which might arise upon this Occasion,

as it soon happen'd, through the Falshood of the Sea Charts.

[Portugueses Pretentions to the Moluccos.] By virtue of this practice,

and by the Pope's subsequent Authorizing of it, the Portugueses

pretend that the Molucco Islands, and those of Banda, and Amboyna,

are within their Bounds, as they were adjudg'd, and settled by

experienc'd Sailers, calculating the Extent of that Meridian,

and they even stretch it 15 Degrees further. Resende complains,

That Magalhaens, whom the English call Magellan, magnify'd the

Opinion conceiv'd of the Eastern Seas, when in the Year 1519 he went

away Disgusted into Spain. Magellan grew up in the service of Queen

Ellenor, then serv'd King Emanuel, and went over into India with that

Alonso de Albuquerque, of whose Bravery, and Conduct, we have written

Histories, besides what Fame, and Tradition have deliver'd. This Man,

not satisfy'd with the first Conquests, sent Antony de Abreu, Francis

Serrano, and Ferdinand de Magalhaens from Malaca, with three Ships,

to Discover the Molucco Islands. All these three Commanders steer'd

several Courses. We shall soon speak of Magellan again. Antony de

Abreu arriv'd at Banda, and returning towards Malaca, richly Laden

with Spice of that Country, Serrano was parted from him in a Storm,

and Shipwrack'd on the Islands of Lucopino, signifying Islands of

Tortoises, so call'd from the Plenty and Bigness of those Creatures.

There the Tempest left the Portugueses, only their Lives and Arms

sav'd, [Serrano cast on the Islands of Lucopine.] for their Junck,

which is a sort of light Vessel, was Stav'd. The Lucopine Islands were

Horrid, by reason of their want of Water, and being Desert; for their

Rocks lying under Water, and the many Sea Robbers that frequent them,

and always keep Sentinels posted to discover any Sailing by, that they

may fall upon, and plunder them. Had not Hunger and Thirst threatned

the Portuguses with speedy Death, they had reason to expect it at

the Hands of those Pyrats; but that which had been the Destruction

of others, at this time prov'd their Safety. Those Miscreants had

observ'd the Shipwreck, and Rowing up in a Vessel call'd a Caracoa,

as it were to a certain Booty, drew near to those who had so narrowly

escap'd perishing in the Sea; but the Malaca Pilots, and Mariners

were not ignorant of their design. They acquainted their Captain

with the Danger, desiring him to take such Measures as might be

for his own, and their Safety. Serrano, like a Man of Valour and

Discretion, having view'd the Shore, conceal'd his Men in a hidden

Place. The Pyrates landed to pursue them; but as soon as ever they

were at some distance from the Shore, the Strangers rush'd out, and

possess'd themselves of the Caracoa. The Barbarians thus surpris'd,

reflecting on their Mismanagement, and perceiving they were lost Men,

gave over the thoughts of Robbing, and had recourse to Intreaties,

throwing down their Bows and Arrows, and begging they would not leave

[His Escape.] them in that Island, but rather take pity, and pardon

what they had done; and promising, if he would carry them off, to

conduct him to another place, where Strangers were well receiv'd, and

there was Trade. Serrano granted their Request, and admitted them,

and having repair'd the shatter'd Junck, and Embarking together,

they directed their Course to the Island of Amboyna, where they were

well receiv'd by the People of Rucutelo, who were ancient Enemies to

those of Veranula, a Neighboring City of Batochina, with whom those

of Rucutelo coming to a Battle, they obtain'd [Arrives at Amboyna.]

the Victory, through the Assistance of the New-comers. The Fame

of this Success flew over to the Molucco Islands, at the Time when

Boleyse Reign'd in Ternate, and Almanzor in Tydore, who were both

not long before Idolaters, and then Mahometans. These two were at

Variance about the Limits of their Dominions, and understanding that

the Portugueses were at Amboyna, each of them desiring to Strengthen

himself against his Enemy, sent Embassadors, and Ships, to invite,

and bring over to them those Forreign Soldiers; thinking it also

convenient upon other accounts, to enter into Alliance with those

People, whose great Actions were then so fresh in the Mouths of all

Men. Boleyse was quicker than Almanzor, and sent ten Ships for Serrano,

with a Thousand well Arm'd Soldiers for their Defence, the whole under

the Command of his Kinsman Cachil Coliba. The Tydore Embassadors

return'd from Rucutelo disappointed. It is but a short Cut between

Amboyna, and Ternate, and therefore Boylese's Ships soon return'd

with the Portugueses. That King went out attended by his Subjects, to

receive the new Guests; all of them concluding, That they went to see

the fulfilling of their so long expected Prophecy. Serrano Landed in

bright white Armour, and his Companions in the same manner. [Settles

at Ternate.] When the King saw them, he embrac'd every Man, with

a Countenance full of Pleasure and Admiration, shedding Tears, and

lifting up his Hands to Heaven, bless'd God, and gave hearty Thanks,

for that he had granted him to see that which had been Predicted so

many Years before. These, said he, my Friends, are the Warriers you

have so long wish'd for, on account of my Prophecy. Honour them,

and let us all vie in Entertaining them; since the Grandeur of our

Country depends on their Arms. The Portugueses, well pleas'd to be

thought worthy of a Prophecy, the Beleif whereof was a Politick

Invention, conducing to their Reputation, made no less Courteous

Returns, expressing their singular Affection. They settle Amity,

and Trade in the Moluccos; whence they spread it to the adjacent, and

remoter Islands, which it will be now requisite breifly to Describe,

for the better Understanding of this History.

[Archipelago describ'd.] The Eastern Archipelago, not to speak of

the Division of those Oriental Parts into Northern, and Southern,

Contains so many Islands, that the certain Number of them is not yet

known. Hence Modern Authors distribute it into five Divisions, being so

many Archipelagos, under the names of Molucco, Moro, Papuas, Celebes,

and Amboyna. The Name of the First, in their Language, is Moloc,

signifying, the Head, because it is the Chief of all about it. Others

will have to be Malucco, which, in Arabick, imports, the Kingdom,

as the Principal of them. It Contains five most Remarkable Islands,

all of them under the same Meridian, one in sight of another, their

whole Extent being 25 Leagues; the Equinoctial crossing them, so that

the most Northern of them has but half a Degree of Latitude that way,

and the most Southern, one Degree on the other side. Near to them, on

the East, is the Island Gilolo, by the Portugueses call'd Batochina de

Moro, and by the Moluccos, Alemaera. Among all the others lying about

them, call'd also Moluccos, as we say the Canaries, the Terceras, or

the Oreades, these are the most Remarkable, for their great Plenty

of Spice. The Names of them, beginning with the Northermost, are,

Ternate, Tydore, Motiel, Machian, and Bachian; by the ancient Heathens

call'd, Cape, Duco, Moutil, Mara, and Seque. This last, which is

Bachian, is divided into many Islands, seperated from one another by

little Channels, Navigable only in small Vessels; for which reason,

as also because it is under one Soveraign, it has but one Name, and

all the Molucco Islands are Subject to three Kings. They are divided

by small Arms of the Sea, and some Desert little Islands, as also by

their Antient Enmity. The Coast both near the Shore, and farther off

at Sea, full of Dangerous Shoals; among which there are some Inlets,

where the Ships Ride in Safety. The Soil of them all is generally Dry

and Spungy, sucking up all the Water, tho' it Rains never so much,

and in many Places the Brooks that run down from the Mountains do not

reach the Sea. According to that grave Historian John de Barros, these

Islands afford an ill Prospect, and are no way pleasant to behold;

because the Sun being always so near them, sometimes passing over

towards the Northern, and some times towards the Southern Solstice,

the natural Damp of the Earth fills them so full of Trees, and

Plants, that it thickens the Air, and hinders the Sight; for by

reason of the Earthly Vapours, the Trees are never naked of Leaves;

but before one falls another has sprung out; and the same is among

Herbs. Others affirm, they are Pleasant to look to, but not Healthy,

especially for Strangers, who are all subject to the Disease call'd

Berber, which is common in that Country. This Malady swells the Body,

and disables the Limbs, but is cur'd with Cloves, the Wine of the

Philippine Islands, drank with Ginger, and the use of a certain Herb,

known to the Natives; and the Dutch do it with the juyce of Lemmons,

a Remedy found by their own Apprehension, and Experience.

Providence has stor'd these Spice-Islands with Bananas, Coco-Nuts,

[Product of the Moluccos.] Oranges, Lemmons, Lignum-Aloes, Sanders,

Cinamon, Mace, Mastick-Trees, but above all, with abundance of Cloves,

and other Plants; all of them valuable for their Fruit, or delightful

for their Ornaments. They have neither Wheat nor Rice; but Nature gave

them Industry, and Matter to supply this Defect. They beat a sort

of Tree, like the Wild-Palm, with Mallets made of strong Canes; and

those dry Trunks, so batter'd, yield an extraordinary white Flower,

coming from the bruized Pith; which they mould up in square Pipkins,

and this is the Sagu, or Landan, so made into square Loaves, [Sagu.]

like the Castile Sope. This Plant is about Fifteen Foot high, and

from the Top of it sprout out some Branches, like those which produce

the Tamarinds. These bear a Fruit like the Cypress-Nuts, in which

there are certain fine Hairs, which if they touch a Man's Flesh,

burn it. From the tender Branches of the same Plant cut, flows the

Liquor which serves them for Drink, putting the Ends of the said

Branches so cut into narrow Mouth'd Vessels, which are fill'd in a

Night, and the Liquor so gather'd, is like Milk Whipped, and Frothy,

which they call Tuac. When Drank new, it is Sweet and very Fat'ning;

boil'd like new Wine it tastes like Wine, and after grows sharp as

Vinegar. The same Advantage they reap from two other Plants call'd

Nipo, and Coco; the last of them yields also Oyl, Boards, and Timber

to build Houses. They also Drink another pleasant Liquor, which

Nature has shut up in the Hollow of the Canes they call Bambooes,

so large that the Knots are a Yard a sunder. They abound in Flesh;

but the People are more affected to Fish; notwithstanding Hugo, the

Dutchman, says they want both. Providence afforded them no Mines,

either of Gold, or Silver; whether it was a Punishment, or Mercy we

do not decide. Neither have they found any, of other less precious

Metals; but not far from them is Lambuco, an Island abounding in

Iron and Steel; whence, and from the Mines of Sula and Butva, the

people of the Maluccos bring them, to make their Caampilanes, which

are sharp heavy Cymiters, and their Crises, being small Daggers. The

Portugueses and Dutch have now furnish'd those Islands with small

Fire-Arms, and Cannon of all sorts known among us.

Ternate is the Capital City, and Court of that King, near to which

a [A burning Mountain in Ternate.] dreadful burning Mountain

Flames out, about the Equinoxes, because at those Times the Winds

blow; which kindle that natural Fire, on the Matter that has fed

it so many Ages. The Top of the Mountain, which exhales it, is

cold, and not cover'd with Ashes, but with asort of light cloddy

Earth, little different from the Pomice-Stone burnt in our Fiery

Mountains. Descending thence to the Foot of the Hill, which stretches

out like a Piramid, down to the Plain; it is all uncooth, being thick

with Trees, whose Verdure is spar'd by the Flames, and the very Fire,

Waters and Moistens them with Brooks, which it draws together in the

Hollow of the Mountain, and forces it to Sweat, and pour out.

[People of Ternate.] The Natives Differ from one another, as it were

through a Miraculous Bounty of Nature; for it has made the Women Fair

and Beautiful, and the Men, of a darker Colour than a Quince; their

Hair lank, and many anoint it with sweet Oyls. Their Eyes are large,

the Eyebrows long, which, and their Eye-lashes, they colour Black. Of

Body they are Strong, much addicted to War, and sloathful for all other

Employments. They are long Liv'd; grow grey earlie; and are as Active

by Sea as by Land; Officious, and Courteous to Strangers; but when

they grow Familiar, Importunate, and Troublesome in their Requests;

in their Dealings, all bent upon Interest; Jealous, Fraudulent, and

False. They are Poor, and therefore Proud; and to name many Vices in

one, Ungrateful.

[Religion, Manners, Laws.] The Chineses possess'd themselves of these

Islands, when they subdu'd all those Eastern Parts; and after them the

Javeneses, and the Malayes, and lastly the Persians, and Arabs; which

last, together with their Trade, Introduc'd the Mahometan Superstition

among the Worship of their Gods; from whom some Families boasted they

were descended. Their Laws are Barbarous: They have no limited Number

of Wives. The King's chief Wife, call'd in their Language Putriz,

enables and gives the Right of Succession to which her Sons are

preferr'd, tho' younger than those by other Mothers. Theft is not

pardon'd, tho' never so inconsiderable; but Adultery easily. When

the Dawn appears, Officers appointed by Law for that purpose, beat a

sort of broad, flat Tabors about the Streets, to awake Marry'd People,

who they think deserves this Care from the Government, on account of

Procreation. Most Crimes are punish'd with Death; in other Respects

they Obey the Will, or Tyranny of the Conqueror.

[Their Habit.] The Men, on their Heads, wear Turkish Turbants of

several Colours, with abundance of Feathers on them. The King's ends

above like a Miter, and serves instead of a Crown. For their other Garb

they all wear Wastecoats, which they call Cheninas, and Blew, Crimson,

Green, and Purple Breeches. Of the same they make their Cloaks, or

Mantles, which are short, Soldier-like, thrown over, or knotted on

the Shoulder, after the Ancient Roman manner, known by the written

Descriptions, Statues, and other Monuments of those Times. The Women

are Proud of their Hair; sometimes they spread, and sometimes they plat

it, sticking abundance of Flowers among the Ribbons, which hold it

together; so that in their Dress, they are not encumber'd with loose

Viels, Plumes, or Feathers. All that variety adorns them without Art;

they wear Bracelets, Pendants, and Necklaces of Diamonds and Rubies,

and great Strings of Pearls, which are not forbid even the meanest,

no more than Silks, wherein the Women particularly are Clad after

the Persian and Turkish Fashion; and all this costly Attire is the

Product of the Neighbouring Lands and Seas. Both Men and Women in

their Habit show their natural Haughtiness.

[Language.] The variety of Languages among them is great, for

sometimes one Town does not understand the People of the next; the

Malaye Tongue is most us'd, as easiest to pronounce. This Diversity of

Languages shows, that those Islands were Peopled by several Nations. In

those Parts all Antiquity, and the Art of Navigation are ascrib'd to

the Chineses. Some affirm, That the People of the Molucco Islands

are Descended from the Jaos, who settled there being invited by

the Fragrancy of the Spice. They loaded their Vessels with Cloves,

till then unknown, and holding on that Trade, carry'd it to the

Gulphs of Arabia, and Persia. They Sail'd about all those Countries,

transporting Silks, and Porcelance, the Product, and Manufacture of

China. The Cloves were by the Persians, and Arabs transmitted to the

Greeks, and Romans. Some Roman Emperors had a design of Conquering

the East, till they should come to the Spicy Countries; so covetous

were they of that Commodity; and believing they all came from China,

call'd all those People Chineses. The Spaniards formerly brought them

among other Goods from the Red-Sea. The Kings of Egypt for some time

possess'd themselves of all the Spice which they Transmitted from

the [How Cloves were brought into Europe.] Hands of the Asiaticks

into Europe. This the Romans continu'd, when they reduc'd Egypt into

the Form of a Province. Long after, the Genoeses, Transferring the

Trade to Theodosia, now Caffa, handed them about to all Parts; and

there the Venetians, and other Trading Nations, had their Consuls,

and Factors. They afterwards were convey'd over the Caspian Sea and

Trabisond; but this Trade fell with the Eastern Empire; and then the

Turks carry'd them in Caravans of Camels, and Dromedaries to Berytus,

Aleppo, Damascus, and several Ports on the Mediterranean. The Sultans

of Egypt brought them back to the Red-Sea, and thence to Alexandria,

down the Nile. The Portugueses having Conquer'd the East-Indies, took

them from Egypt, and brought them in their Fleets by the Cape of Good

Hope, sinking and taking all Ships that attempted to carry any to Grand

Cayro. For that purpose they kept Squadrons on the Coasts of Arabia

and Persia, and at Cape Guardafu. By this means the Trade of Egypt was

surpress'd, and all the Spice brought on the Kings account to India,

and thence taking a prodigious compass, to Lisbon. He who is Master at

Sea will be possess'd of this Wealth; by which, and other Commodities,

we see that is made good, which some write Themistocles was wont to

say, That he has all things who has the Sea.

The Kings, Boleyfe, of Ternate, and Almanzor, of Tydore, contended

about Entertaining Serrano, and each of them courted him to build a

Fort in his Island. It is well worth Observation, To see how eagerly

these Kings sought after, and begg'd for that which they were soon

after to be averse to. They writ about it to the King of Portugal;

but Antony de Miranda coming to the Moluccos, besides a wooden Fort,

or House he built at Talangame, erected another at Machian, an Island

belonging to the two Kings, by which means he satisfy'd the Request of

both. Soon after Cachil Laudin, King of Bachian, made Application to

Don Tristan de Meneses, on the same account. Don Tristan was come to

the Moluccos to Load Spice, and with a design to carry away Francis

Serrano, and to induce Boleyfe to consent to it, he perswaded him,

it was requisite that Serrano should go to Portugal, to prevail upon

King Emanuel to order the Fort he desir'd, to be built upon Ternate,

and not elsewhere. Boleyfe approv'd of his design, and to that end,

sent Cachilato, as his Embassador, with Serrano. Don Tristan set out,

and his Ships being dispers'd in a Storm, was oblig'd to return to the

Moluccos, and to Winter in the Wooden House above mention'd; but as

soon as the Monson blew, he put to Sea again, and touching at Bachian

was inform'd, That they had kill'd some Portugueses, of Simon Correa's

Vessel in that Island. This troubled him, but he dissembled it, and

proceeding on his Voyage, return'd to Malaca, by the way of Amboyna.

[Brito at the Molucco's.] Antony de Brito, appointed by the Governour

of India to succeed Serrano in that Post, Sail'd from Cape Sincapura,

through the Streights of Sabam, with 300 Men, and some experienc'd

Commanders. He touch'd at Tuban, a City in the Island of Jaua, and

went over to another, call'd Agazim, a Mart in those Parts, opposite to

the Island Madura. Its nearness inviting him, he sent a Roving Vessel

thither to get some Information what Course he was to Steer. Seventeen

Men there were in the Vessel Landed on the Coast, and went up along the

side of a River, cover'd with beautiful Trees, whose Fruit deceiv'd the

Sailers; for they attracted with the pleasant sight, and unexpected

satisfaction, forgot to secure their Vessel. The Natives observing

the Opportunity, first took the Vessel, and then all the Men, whose

Ransom prov'd afterwards difficult, tho' the Lord of the City favour'd

it. Brito sail'd directly for the Moluccos, and touching at Bachian,

sent Simon de Abreu in all haste to burn a Village, and kill all the

Inhabitants, in Revenge for Simon Correa's Companions slain there;

that King Laudin might understand, they should not escape unpunish'd,

who wrong'd the Portuguese, and that since his Island was the first

that took up Arms [King of Ternate Dies.] against them, it should

also be the first that felt their Vengeance. He executed his severity

without any Loss, tho' that King did not forget the Obligation he

laid on him. Brito went on to Tydore, and was Inform'd by Almanzor

of the Disorders there were at Ternate, because Boleyfe was dead,

and it was suppos'd he had been Poyson'd. He being near his Death

order'd, That during the Minority of his eldest Son Cachil Bohat, or

Boyano, the Queen his Wife, who was Daughter to the King of Tydore,

should Govern; and that Cachil Daroes, Natural Son to the said Boleyfe,

should Act jointly with her. The Queen who was Crafty, suspecting that

her Father Almanzor might under that colour aim st some Advantage, to

the Detriment of her Son, call'd her Subjects together and told them,

That it was enough for her to take care of her Sons Education; and

therefore she laid the greatest stress of Government on Cachil Daroes.

The King, and the Governour Daroes, expected the Commander Antony

Brito, as the Kingdoms, and the young Kings Protector. They went out

to [A Fort Built at Ternate.] meet him in a Fleet of Carcoas, with

the Noise of that Barbarous Musick of Brass Basons, and Tabors. He

Landed, shewing State, and appearing worthy of that Applause; visited

the Queen, the King, and his Brothers; and after the Ceremony of

Condoling the Death of Boleyfe, ordering Affairs in Conjunction with

Daroes, he approv'd of that Form of Government, and upon all occasions

Defended his Province against that of Tydore. To do this with the

greatest Security, he pitch'd upon a proper spot of Ground, according

to the Rules of Fortification, which were not then very perfect,

no more than Military Discipline. The Foundation being dug, Brito,

in the presence of the King, and all the People, laid the first Stone

of the new Fort, with his own Hand. This happen'd on Midsummer Day,

and therefore he gave the Fort the Name of St. John Baptist; and tho'

it was built for the Defence of Ternate, yet in Brito's mind it was

Dedicated to the service of the Gospel, and its Ministers. He us'd

endeavours to send away the Caeiz he found there spreading of Mahomet's

false Doctrine, as an Obstacle to the True; but the War which is there

always settled and natural against Tydore, obstructed these Designs;

tho' at the same time the Troubles of those two Revengeful Nations

increas'd the Revenues of Portugal, by contributing of their Spice:

and the desire of Superiority brought them into Subjection. However,

in Portugal Brito had a Successor appointed him, and he was inform'd,

That the other was already sailing for the Moluccos; and there was need

enough of them both, and of doubling their Forces; because Spain still

insisted upon taking those Countries as its Right, and Brito began

to be hated, on account of his offering Violence to the Royal Family.

At the same time Magellan having Sail'd 600 Leagues towards Malaca,

[Magellan goes over to Spain.] was in certain Islands, whence he

corresponded with Serrano; who having thriv'd so well in Ternate,

with Boleyfe, sent his Friend word what Kindness, and Wealth he had

receiv'd from him; advising him to return to his Company. Magellan

consenting, resolv'd to go to the Moluccos; but in case his Services

were not Rewarded in Portugal, as he expected, he would take the way

directly for Ternate, under whose King Serrano grew so Rich in Nine

Years. He consider'd, that since the Moluccos were 600 Leagues East

from Malaca, which make 30 Degrees, little more or less, they were out

of the Portuguese Limits, according to the antient Sea Chart. Returning

to Portugal, he found no Favour, but thought himself wrong'd, and

resenting it, went away into Castile, carrying with him a Planisphere,

drawn by Peter Reynel; by which, and the Correspondence he had held

with Serrano, he perswaded the Emperor, Charles V. that the Molucco

Islands belong'd to him. It is reported, That he Confirm'd his Opinion

with Writings, and the Authority of Ruy Faleyro, a Portuguese Judiciary

Astrologer, and much more with Serrano's.

Hereupon the Emperor gave him the Command of a Squadron, with which

he sail'd from Sanlucar, on the 21st. of September, 1519. He stay'd

[Sets out on his Discovery.] four days at the Canaries, where a

Caravel overtook him, with private Intelligence, that his Captains

went with a Design not to Obey him particularly John Cartagena,

who had the same Commission as Magellan. He bravely seem'd to take

no notice, and sailing away with a fair Wind, being pass'd Rio de

Janeyro, in the Province of Santa Cruz, commonly call'd Brazil,

the Sea growing very cold, and much more the River of Plate, which

is in 35 Degrees of South Latitude, the Captains question'd him

about the Voyage, since they could nor find the Cape, or Streight,

they went in search of. He answer'd, as to Men that were entirely

Subordinate to his Direction and Authority, That they must go on,

for he knew what he was about, and the Coasts of Norway and Ireland

were in a greater Latitude, and yet Ships sailed along them. These

Contests lasted almost all the Voyage, and increas'd with the cold and

dreadful Winds, and the hideous sight of the Mountains of Snow and Ice,

grown old, which they met in the Latitude of 52 and 53 Degrees. They

magnify'd these Difficulties, alledging, That it requir'd six, or

seven Months to come from Castile, cross the Line, and run all along

the Coast of Brazil, through such diversity of Climates, in each of

which the Weather vary'd. That this was throwing away Men and Ships,

which were more valuable than all the Cloves in the Molucco Islands.

The Astrologer, Ruy Faleyro, being Distracted, was left in the

Mad-House [He discovers the Streight of his Name.] at Sevil;

and in his Place went Andrew de San Martin, to whom Magellan gave

Ear, as to what he said of the Weather; but not in other Cases,

as some lay to his Charge, and with such Moderation and Integrity,

as becomes Christian Piety. Nor is it to be believ'd, That Magellan

should consult such a Deceitful a Science as Judiciary Astrology,

upon such difficult Points, or should prefer it before Astronomy,

amidst such dreadful Dangers. The Hardships became intollerable;

and Discord so far prevail'd with the Captains, John de Cartagena,

Gaspar Quesada, and Lewis de Mendoza, that they resolved either to

Kill, or Secure Magellan. This Conspiracy coming to his Ears, as he

lay at the Mouth of the River of St. Julian, having contriv'd what was

to be done, as John de Barros writes, he caus'd Lewis de Mendoza to be

Stab'd, which was done by Gonzalo de Espinosa. Next Gaspar de Quesada

was Quarter'd Alive; and a Servant of his, who was concern'd, had his

Pardon. Cartagena he condemned to a lingering Death, leaving him in

that Desert Country, with a Clergy Man, guilty of the same Crime, which

was High Treason against their King. So say the Portuguese Histories;

but the Spanish inform us, That they were privately proceeded against,

and the Judgment was Read to them. This done he made some Speeches

to Justify the Fact, and Comfort his Companions. Cartagena, and the

Clergy-Man, who were left with some Provisions, got away a few days

after, in one of the Ships of the same Squadron, which return'd to

Spain. Magellan overcoming incredible Difficulties, found the Streight,

and Passage, which makes the Communication between the two Seas, and

preserves his Name to this Day. He there took Giants above fifteen

Spans high, who wanting raw Flesh, which they us'd to feed on, soon

Dy'd; then he passed the Streight successfully. But tho' he got under

the Equinoctial, either by reason of the Currents, or the Faultiness

of the Sea Charts, he Sail'd round about, and almost in sight of the

Molucco Islands, yet could never come at them. He Touch'd at others,

where he was oblig'd to Fight; and went on to those of Zebu, or the

Manilas. At this same time his Friend Serrano was sailing for India,

and tho' it happen'd in several Places, yet they both Dy'd on the

same Day, and much after the same Manner.

It would be superfluous to dilate upon the Story of Magellan, his

tedious Navigation, and the many Difficulties he met with, before and

after he pass'd through his Streight into the Pacifick, or South-Sea;

his Arrival at the Island of Zebu, and perswading the Idolatrous

King to embrace the Christian Faith, and the Battles he fought on

his account, with his Enemies; for besides that these things are

Related by very good Authors who Treat of the Discovery of the Molucco

Islands, which was the main Object of his desperate Undertaking, we

must be brief in repeating them, to show how eager several Princes,

and Nations were for these Islands, and the Notion they had of what

great Consequence they would be to them.

The King of Zebu was Baptiz'd, rather to make his Advantage of the

Spanish Arms, than out of any Zeal, or that he knew the Faith he

Embrac'd. He took the Name of Ferdinand in Baptism, to flatter his

Godfather, who [He is Murder'd with others.] was Ferdinand Magalhaens,

himself. After obtaining several Victories by his Assistance, thinking

he could shake off the second Yoke he expected those Strangers might

lay on him, he turn'd against them. He contriv'd an Entertainment,

in Honour of Magellan and Thirty five Spaniards being at it, he

fell upon them at a time appointed, with a Multitude of Barbarians,

and confounding the Feast, murder'd his Guests, who handled their

Arms to defend themselves, which only serv'd to render their Deaths

more Honourable. The rest of the Spaniards, who escap'd because

they were at Sea, for their better Government under that Misfortune,

presently chose Barbosa, a Kinsman of Magalhaens, for their General,

and Lewis Alfonso, a Portuguese to be Captain of the Ship, call'd the

Victory. The perfidious King, thinking to conceal his Treachery and

Apostacy, as if it were possible to keep it secret, sent to invite

Barbosa, saying he would deliver him the Jewel he had promis'd for the

King of Spain. John Serrano, thinking it a Rashness, to trust a Man

again, whose Hands were still Bloody with the late Execution, disswaded

Barbosa from accepting of the Invitation; but was not regarded. Barbosa

went with the other Guests, and Serrano himself, who, to show it was

not Fear that mov'd him to give such Advice, was the first that got

into the Boat. They were conducted into a Wood of Palm-Trees, where

the King expected them, with a small Retinue, the Tables being spread

in the Shade, amidst the Musick of Bag-Pipes. When they were seated,

and began to Eat, a great number of Archers that lay in Ambush,

rush'd out, and shot our Men. They saved Serrano, whom they lov'd,

not out of Kindness, for they show'd him bound to those that were at

Sea, demanding for his Ransom, two Brass Guns, and then he told them,

the Slaughter that had been made. Our Men, not trusting to them, any

longer, set Sail, and did not only see the Indians carry Serrano back

to their Town, but soon after heard mighty Shouts in it; and it was

afterwards known that they gave them when they killed Serrano, and

ran to throw down a great Cross, set up before the New-Church, which

they could not perform. The Spaniards wanting Men, burnt the Ships,

call'd the Conception, and chose John Caravallo for their General,

and Gonzalo Gomez de Espinosa, Captain of the Ship the Victory. They

came to Borneo, on the Coast whereof they found those Peoples Fleet

of Carcoas, Painted, and the Prows of them like Serpents Heads gilt.

The Soldiers appear'd well Arm'd, who having spy'd our Ship, acquainted

[Soldiers of Borneo, and Reception of Spaniards.] their King with

it. He order'd 2000 of his Guard to go out, and receive them, before

they reach'd the City. These Men came brandishing their Bows and

poison'd Arrows, Trunks, Cymitars, and Sheilds, and wore Breast-plates

made of Tortois Shells, and encompass'd an Arm'd Elephant, on whose

Back there was a wooden Castle. When the Spaniards came up the

Elephant stoop'd down, and six arm'd Men coming out of the Castle,

put Gonzalo Gomez de Espinosa, who was then General, into it. Thus

attended, he went to Visit the King, in whose Presence his Secretary

spoke to him through a Trunk, and Espinosa gave him an Account of the

King of Zebu's Perfidiousness. All condol'd the Accident, and our Men

taking Leave Sail'd away for the Molucco Islands, being reliev'd with

what they wanted, and furnish'd with able Pilots.

Not far from Borneo, they met 150 Sail, whereof they took two Junks,

[Spaniards at Tydore.] in which they found an Hundred Men, five Women,

a Son of the King of Luzon, and an Infant two Months Old. This they

thought would be a sufficient Ransom to recover their Companions; so

they let go the Prince upon his Parole, he promising to restore them

the Captive Spaniards. They had some Storms; but arriv'd at Tydore,

on the 8th of November 1521. When Almanzor heard the salute of the

Canon, he sent to enquire what People they were, and presently after

he came to our Ships in a little Boat. His Shirt appear'd woven with

Gold and Silk, a white Cloth which trail'd being girt over it. About

his Head a fine Veil of several Colours, made like a Persian Miter:

Being Aboard the Commodore, the Relations of that Voyage say, he

stopp'd his Nose with his Fingers, either at the Smell of our Meat,

or of the Ship. Mahometanism was newly come into his Island, and

most of his Subjects, especially those Inhabiting the Mountains,

ador'd Idols. He bid our Men wellcome, gave them good Words, and

afterwards was as kind in his Actions; and being inform'd of their

past Sufferings, gave them leave to load Cloves. They presented him

with a Chair of Crimson Velvet, a Robe of Yellow Velvet, a great

Loose Coat of false Cloth of Gold, a piece of Yellow Damask, four

Yards of Scarlet Cloth; Handkercheifs, and Towles, wrought with Silk,

and Gold; Drinking-Glasses, Glass Beads, Looking-Glasses, Knives,

Scizers, and Combs. They gave his Son another parcel of Gifts, and

a Cap, and did the like by his Cachiles and Sangiacks. When they

ask'd the Kings leave in the Emperors Name to Trade, he granted it,

adding they should kill any that offer'd to hinder them. He seriously

view'd his Majesty's Picture and Arms on the Standard, and desired

to see our Coin. And pretending to be an Astrologer, or Soothsayer,

or as others say, having Dreamt, or Guess'd it, or being told it by

Chinese Priests, he said, He knew the Christians were to come to his

Lands for Spice; and desired that they would not leave him. [Ally with

that King.] They treated about an Alliance, and when they were agreed,

two Tydores brought something in their Hands to the Ships, which they

afterwards understood was the Alcoran, tho' at first they did not,

because cover'd with Silks, and Strings. Almanzor lay'd his Hands

on it, and then on his Head, and Breast; and this was the Ceremony

of his Swearing Friendship, and Fealty to the Crown of Castile, and

that he would allow them Cloves, and all Commerce for ever. Then the

General Espinosa, in the Emperor's Name, before an Image of the blessed

Virgin, swore to protect them both in Peace and War, and presented

King Almanzor with Thirty Indians he had taken Prisoners. Soon after,

as some Authors affirm, Corala, Prince of Ternate, Nephew to Almanzor,

came to Tydore to swear Fealty in like manner, as did Luzuf, King

of Gilolo, of whom it is Written, That he had Six Hundred Sons, and

that Almanzor had Two Hundred Wives. These Kings Writ to the Emperor;

ratifying their Fealty, and Sebastian del Cano sail'd away in the

Ship, the Victory, by the way the Portugueses use, with the Letters

and Instruments; the General Espinosa returning towards Panama, for

Castilla del Oro on the Continent of America, to pass thence to Spain.

At this time the new Governor, Don Garcia Henriquez, was under Sail,

to succeed Antony Brito, and being come to Banda, waited for the Monson

to carry him to Ternate. Monson is the Name by which the Portuguese

[Monson, what it is.] call the Wind, which blows six Months to carry

them to India, and then six Months again to bring them back. There he

furnished himself with all Necessaries for the Fort built by Brito. He

had need so to do, for he received Advice, That Spanish Ships were

sailing thro' the Bays, and openest Parts of the Archipelago. He

sent to discover them, by the Industry of his Soldiers, and being

receiv'd at Ternate, view'd the Fort, and observ'd the posture of

the Government. He proposed a Peace with Cachil Almanzor, King of

Tydore. We shall have frequent Occasion to repeat these Words Cachil

and Sangiack. Cachil is perhaps deriv'd from Katil, which in Arabick

[Cachil and Sangiack, their significations.] is the same as among us,

a Valiant Soldier. In the Molucco Islands they Honour their Nobility

with this Title, which is something more than Don in Spain. The Title

of Sangiack, which answers to that of Duke, or Earl, might come

from Senchaq; which in the Turkish Language, imports a Commander:

To conclude this Peace, he thought it convenient to secure the Royal

Family; which he accordingly executed, and though he colour'd it with

fair Pretexts, they plainly perceived this was an Introduction towards

Oppressing them, and show'd a mistrust. We may safely affirm, This was

the first Distaste which, as being a notorious Wrong, [Portugueses,

why hated.] disturb'd that Nation, and from that time they grew Cold,

and Jealous, thinking themselves oblig'd to seek Revenge; and this

Action was the occasion of all the ensuing Slaughters, as we often

see a great Fire rise from one small Spark.

Cachil Daroes endeavour'd to obstruct this Peace, as Tutor, and

Governor, fearing the Trade of Cloves would be transferr'd to Tydore,

to the Destruction of the Infant King's Dominions. But notwithstanding

this Opposition, the Peace was concluded, upon certain Conditions, as,

That the King of Tydore should deliver a Ship he had taken, the Canon,

and some [More of their Outrages.] runaway Portuguese. Almanzor,

who stood in need of a Peace, and the Friendship of the Portuguese,

to gain the Affection of Cachil Daroes, propos'd to Marry him to

one of his Daughters. Don Garcia believing that this Union among

them would produce that of their Forces, and less Submission to

the Portuguese's Dominion, to obstruct this dangerous Alliance,

sent to the King of Tydore to borrow the Canon. That King excus'd

himself, alledging, that he had lent it a few days before, to the

King of Bachian. Cachil Daroes complying with him, agreed to all the

Articles. Don Garcia being dissatisfy'd, waited an opportunity to

break all that Contrivance, and be Reveng'd. Almanzor fell Sick, and

desir'd Don Garcia to send him a Physician; who sent an Apothecary,

and he either not understanding Physick, or, as was believ'd, by order

of Don Garcia, kill'd the Patient. Manifest tokens of Poyson afterwards

appear'd. The Funeral was order'd, and at the same time the Commander,

Don Garcia, appear'd in the Morning, in a parcel of Carcoas, before

Tydore. He sent Baldaya, the Clerk of the Fort, to demand the Canon,

threatning War, in case of denial. The Regents excusing themselves at

that time, with just Reasons, and particularly the Funeral Solemnity,

when they were in the Height of the Ceremony of Burying their King,

they heard the Shouts of Don Garcia's Men giving the Assault. The

Portuguese enter'd the City, firing the Houses, plundering and killing,

which oblig'd the Tydores to abandon their King's Body, and fly to

the Mountains. During their Absence, Don Garcia seized the Canon, and

carry'd it away to Ternate. Those who had fled return'd, with some

Apprehension, and found the City ruin'd hideous, and almost reduc'd

to Ashes; but recovering from their Fright; they proclaim'd Cachil

Raxamira, the Son of Almanzor, King. They committed the Education

of him to Cachil Rade, his Kinsman, the War being declared between

Ternate and the New King of Tydore, who was seasonably supported by

the Spaniards that came to his Country.

[Spanish Ship first round the World.] The Ship Victory returning into

Spain, with the Letters from the King of the Molucco Islands, which

the Emperor receiv'd, he was more fully convinc'd, that these Islands

were within his Limits. Their Wealth, and his Right to them were so

lively represented to him, that he order'd another Squadron of four

Ships, two Galloons, and an Advice Boat to be made ready at Corunna,

to be Commanded by the Commendary Fray Garcia de Loaysa, a Gentleman

of Biscay, and under him, as Vice-Admiral, Sebastian del Cano, and

the Captains Don Rodrigo de Acunna, James de Vera, &c. They Sail'd on

the Eve of St. James the Apostle, 1525, touch'd at Gomera, and running

along the Coast of Guinea, could not make Cape St. Augustine for want

of Wind. By reason of this Calm, all agreeing to it, he alter'd his

Course to the Cape of Good Hope. A Portuguese Ship guided them to

[Another Squadron passes Magellans Streights.] the Island of

St. Matthew, which is Desert, and full of lofty Orange Trees, where

they saw Hens, the Track of wild Boars, and some Portuguese Words

carv'd on Trees, which shew'd they had pass'd that way. The Ships

leaving them, they pass'd Cape St. Augustine, making for the Streights

of Magellan. In this Course they endur'd Storms, and Err'd in their

Accounts. Sebastian del Cano struck on a Shoal, and was reliev'd. The

Galloons and Advice Boat made New Spain. The Admiral, by the Advice

of Cano, pass'd the Equinoctial, upon information, That in 12 Degrees

of South Latitude, he would find certain Islands that were rich in

Gold and Silver. All the Men sickn'd, the Admiral, and Cano dy'd,

with some others. The remains of the Squadron choosing Toribio de

Salazar for their Commander, return'd under the Line; but he dy'd at

the Islands de las Velas, now call'd Ladrones, or of Thieves. After

some Strife, Martin Iniguez, and Ferdinand de Bustamante succeeded him,

and agree'd to Command by turns. Thus divided they came in sight of

Mindanao, and thence to the Molucco Islands, took in some Refreshment

at Cope, a Town of the Island Moratay, whence they went on to Camafo,

of Morotoja, whose Sangiack is Subject to the King of Tydore.

[War betwixt Spaniards and Portugueses.] They proceeded through

the Gulph of Camafo, where they were Inform'd by the Ship of Don

George de Meneses, who had been forc'd thither by the Currents, that

the Portugueses held the Fort of Ternate, and Don Garcia made War

on Tydore. Iniguez, and Bustamante offer'd them the Assistance of

Spain, by which, coming so opportunely, they gain'd the Affections

of them all, and furnished themselves with Necessaries. Don Garcia

being already provided against the new Enemy, gather'd some Carcoas,

and tho' he could not perswade Daroes, the Tutor, to go along with

him, oppos'd the Spaniards. First the Portuguese sent an Admonition,

wherein he offer'd them Peace, and Entertainment, as Subjects to the

Emperor, who was so near Ally'd to the King of Portugal; protesting,

That the Molucco Islands were within his Limits. This avail'd

nothing, and Daroes Embarking in 12 Carcoas, with Emanuel Falcao,

sent that Protestation in Writing, and in case it was Rejected, to

declare War. The Spanish Commander receiv'd the Lawyer that was to

make the Protestation, with much Civility [Portuguese and Spanish

War.] and Respect, and answer'd, That the Molucco Islands belong'd

to the Crown of Castile, and therefore he, in the Emperors Name,

required Don Garcia not to break the Peace establish'd between their

Kings. After all they were oblig'd to have recourse to Arms. Iniguez

Landed on Tydore, strengthen'd the Works, and furnish'd them with

Canon. The Portuguese follow'd, and both sides Firing, there was a

great Slaughter; but those of Ternate retir'd so disorderly, that

the Tydores remain'd Victors. However neither the Protestations, nor

the War ceas'd, the Spaniards urging Magellan's Discovery, and the

Portuguese, Serrano's, and Brito's. The Tydores and Spaniards took some

Carcoas belonging to Gilolo, in which they kill'd a Portuguese, and

some Ternates, as also a Champan Laden with Provisions for Talangame.

In the Philippine Islands they give the Name of Carcoas to a sort of

[Carcoas, what sort of Vessels, and others.] Vessels that use Oars,

open, and bigger than our Barks, and are Steer'd by two Rudders, the

one ahead, and the other astern. The Ternates call'd them Janguas,

which differ from the Carcoas only in having two Half-Moons of Wood,

Painted, or Guilt, rising above the Keel at the Head and Poop. About

100 Men Row in each of them, to the sound of a Tabor, and a Bell. They

carry twenty Soldiers, and six Musketiers. The rest are employ'd

about four or five little Brass Guns. Both the Men that Row, and the

Soldiers are Arm'd with Campilanes, that is Cymiters, and Shields,

and abundance of Calabays, and Sagus, being long Canes burnt in the

Fire, to harden them; which they throw, without tacking, as the Moors

do their Darts. Their way of Fighting is to come within Gun-shot,

and as soon as they have Fir'd, both sides fly with all speed, till

they have Loaded again, and then return to the same Post. They set

three Men to each Gun, the one Levels, the other Charges, and the

third Fires it. This is the way among the Islanders; for when they

have to do with Europeans, our Example has Improv'd them in the Art

of War. But in their Carcoas they are always expos'd to be kill'd by

our Cannon, because they have no Fights to cover them; and the same

is in the Champanes, which differ but little from the others.

The Victory we have spoken of Encourag'd the Tydores, and with the

Assistance of the Spaniards, they Arm'd, and falling upon Gaca, a

Town of Ternate, Plunder'd and Burnt it; but at their Return, they

met with Martin Correa, whom they Fought, plying their Carcoas, the

Success remaining doubtful. Whilst this War was at the hottest, Don

George de Meneses [Don George de Meneses at Ternate.] came from the

Papuas to Ternate, to whom Don Garcia presently resign'd the Post, tho'

the Hostilities continu'd, with Burning and Slaughter on both sides,

which it was expected would be greater when the Portuguese Succours

came from Malaca, and the Castilian from Spain. The new Portuguese

Commander in Chief, and Martin Inniguez came to a Conference, and

with much Courtesy, and desire of Peace, concluded a Truce, which

lasted not long, tho' not on account of the main cause.

There were many Battles between the Spanish and Portuguese Nations,

from Gilolo and other adjacent Islands, about the Possession of the

Moluccos, and they were under several Commanders, the Event whereof

we shall see in its Place. Therefore, and because others have Treated

of them Copeously, they shall be now pass'd by, that we may return

to the Actions of those Kings, which ought to be distinctly deliver'd

now at the Beginning, for the better Understanding of the Causes why

they came to be Lost.

[King of Tydore makes Peace.] The King of Tydore was less Supported

by Spain than he had been before, and was therefore oblig'd to

sue for Peace, laying some Burden of Tribute, on his own Revenue

proceeding from the Cloves. He also promis'd never to admit of any

Spanish Succours; besides some other Conditions, which put an end to

the Wars for a time.

We have already observ'd, That Cachil Boleyfe, King of Ternate,

left three lawful Sons, viz. Cachil Bayano, Cachil Dayalo, and

Cachil Tabarija. The Eldest of them was not above six Years of

Age; besides whom there [Daroes, and the Queen govern Ternate.]

were seven Bastards, the Eldest of them, Cachil Daroes, was Governor

of the Kingdom, in Conjunction with the Queen. When Brito, in the Year

1521, Built the Fort, to secure the Subjection of the Island, tho' he

had another Pretence for it, he took the Infant King, and the Queen

his Mother, into it. She generously resenting this Violence, as not

able to endure, that they should oppose the course of her Government,

which she manag'd, together with her Step-Son, loudly Complain'd, and

Threatned, as a Queen, and as a Mother. She wanted no Conveniencies

for the Education of the Children; but there being Wrong disguiz'd

among all that seeming Kindness, neither her Family, nor the Nurse,

nor the Perswasions of Great Persons, could appease her Anger. The

Natives observ'd the Difference of the Portuguese Domination, and

that since their building of that Fort, they us'd intolerable Rigor,

and consequently began to grow cold in their Affection, [Portuguese

Insolent.] and to slacken in their Respect; especially when they

perceiv'd that Brito's Successor continu'd to keep the Royal Family

under Oppression. The young King was bred up in the Fort, till he

was of Age to enter upon the Government of his Kingdom; and being

18 years old, soon dy'd, not without the usual suspition of Poison,

but it was affirm'd to be given by private order of Cachil Daroes. O

the wonderful Effects of the Desire of Rule!

Sultan Bayano being Dead, order was taken that the People should

immediatly Swear Cachil Dayalo; but Don George found also means to

get him into the Fort; the Mother demanding him, as fearing his Death,

by the example of the Elder. Don George condescended, not so much in

compliance [They Insult the Natives.] to her Fears, as to oblige

Cachil Daroes, with whose Government he was well-satisfy'd; and it

was he that had interven'd in, and advis'd that way of Breeding the

Princes. Soon after there happen'd an Accident, which broke off their

good Intelligence; for Daroes grew jealous of the Commander in chiefs

Behaviour, observing him much to favour Cachil Bayaco, a Man of note,

whose Friendship he was suspicious of, and he with reason fear'd,

that the Commander would in time value Bayaco more than him. This

well grounded Fear grew up in his Breast, till it turn'd to down

right Hatred, and he contriv'd to kill Don George. The Design could

not be carry'd on so private, as to be conceal'd from him, and he

to disappoint it, retir'd into the Fort. Daroes puffed up with the

Applause of the People, sent immediatly to require him to deliver up

Bayaco, to try him upon some Complaints he had against him, being his

Judge, as Governour, and oblig'd to do Justice. Don George was desirous

to save Cachil Bayaco, and to that purpose assembled the Alcayde, and

other Officers. Some said he ought to deliver him, others advis'd to

appease Daroes by fair means. Bayaco, who hated him so mortally, that

he woul'd chuse any sort of Death, rather than fall into his Hands,

being lock'd up in a Room of the Fort, understood that his Case was

doubtful, for they Consulted without any great Privacy. This made

him Resolve what to do, and going to a high Window, he threw himself

out with such Fury, that he beat himself to Pieces. Don George was

troubl'd at the Accident, and thought himself oblig'd to Revenge it;

which he began upon finding a Sow kill'd, either to spight him, or

because the Neighbours were Mahometans, and had done it as she graz'd,

or went about the Courts of the Fort. This was a rediculous Occasion,

but of Moment enough among those People; Enquiry was made who had

kill'd her, and it appear'd, or Don George would have it, that the

Fault belong'd to Cachil Baydua, a near Kinsman to Cachil Daroes,

very Learned, and Zealous in the Law of Mahomet, as also a Caciz,

or Priest, and of great Authority in the Kingdom. He was seiz'd by

Don George, and carry'd into the Fort, without regard to the publick

Peace. Daroes, in a great Consternation, went with the chief Men of the

Kingdom, to desire he would release that Sacred Person. Whilst they

were discoursing this Point, Peter Fernandez, a mean Fellow, Servant

to the Commander in Chief, by his Masters Order, or of his own Accord,

in the Presence of them all, went up to Cachil Baydua, and rubb'd

his Mouth, [Rudeness.] and Face with a fat Collop of the same Sow,

neither the Opposition he made, nor his Complaints to God, and the

Commander in Chief availing him; but on the contrary, the Portugueses

laugh'd out aloud, approving the Action by their Applause. Daroes on

his part, cast himself on the Ground, and Weeping, prevail'd to have

Baydua restor'd to him, whom, Don George being satisfy'd, or appeas'd,

and taking Security, sent to his House. Daroes attended him, and all

the Prime Men; and Baydua, by Reason it is an Abomination among them to

touch Swines-Flesh, presently used their Purifications; and the more

to express his Concern, voluntarily left the Island for some Years,

and travel'd about all the others in the Neighbourhood, preaching,

and magnifying the Affront offer'd to one of Mahomets Priests, thus

stirring up the Natives, and perswading them to Unite in Defence of

their Honour.

This Accident, which as a Disgrace to their Religion, exasperated

the People, was seconded by another much worse, which quite render'd

the Portugueses Odious. The contrary Winds kept back the Trading

Galeon, [Portugueses become odious for Rapine, &c.] that us'd to

carry the Soldiers Pay, and their Wants increasing, they began to

seek Relief, breaking into the Natives Shops, and Store-Houses,

and taking away their Provisions, without Paying for them. Daroes,

offended at it, order'd, That no Provisions should be brought into

the City to sell, and that the Shops which dealt in them, should be

shut up. This was accordingly done, and reduc'd those in the Fort

to such Distress, that the Soldiers mutinying, rail'd at their own

Commander, and the Governour of India, demanding Relief with their

Arms in their Hands. Don George being hard press'd, and blaming

the Avarice of his Country Men, sent some Carcoas with Soldiers,

under the Command of Gomez Ariaz, to barter Goods in the adjacent

Islands for Provisions. They Landed on an Island near by, where,

being desperate with Hunger, they Plunder'd the Town of Tabona,

the Inhabitants whereof, no longer able to endure such Affronts, and

Robberies, running to Arms, fell upon them, and kill'd the greatest

Number, and most of the rest being Wounded, were Disarm'd. They

embark'd for Ternate, where their Wounds and Nakedness spoke what had

befallen them, as much as their Words. Don George, who, besides his

being naturally Passionate, was now quite enrag'd, threatned Daroes,

That if he did not deliver up the principal Actors in this Mischief,

he would seek his Revenge other ways. He was obey'd, and tho' Cachil

Daroes knew that all the Fault belong'd to the Portugueses, yet he

deliver'd up the Governor of Tabona, and two other Chief Men of the

Place, to Don George, thinking he would be satisfy'd with keeping them

Prisoners for [Barbarous Cruelty.] some Days. As soon as they were

brought before him, he order'd the Hands of the two to be cut off,

and that they should be then set at liberty. The Governors Punishment

was answerable to the Cruelty of him that was his Judge; they ty'd

his Hands behind his Back, and exposing him on the Shore, set two

fierce Woolf-Dogs upon him, he having no way to withstand their Fury,

made several vain attempts to slip aside from them, and endeavour'd to

defend himself with what little Power was left him in those Limbs that

were not Bound. The Multitude with Horror beheld the Spectacle, touch'd

with Compassion, and admiring the Inhumanity of the Punishment. The

wretched Man attempted to Fly, but perceiving that the arm'd Soldiers,

had shut up every way, on the Land side, he cast himself into the

Sea, the only Refuge accidentally left him, to seek some uncertain

Hope of Safety. However the Dogs being already blooded, left him not;

but barking and howling, bit and tore him, tho' he still swam with his

Legs. At last, being desperate, and almost in the last Agony, he took a

horrid Resolution and fell upon those fierce Creatures with his Teeth;

such was the Effect of Pain and Despair. Thus the unhappy Man took

hold of one of the Dogs by the Ear, and holding fast, sunk with him to

the Bottom. The like Barbarity had never before been seen in any of

those Countries to which the Portugueses Traded; and by it they lost

the Reputation they had before gain'd, to their great Applause, that

they inflicted Punishments, as it were by Compulsion, and Oblig'd to

it, and that with Mildness, and Compassion, to shew their Generosity.

[Conspiracy to destroy the Portugueses.] This Action brought them

into general Hatred, and all the People of the Molucco Islands being

exited by Cachil Daroes, contriv'd to kill Don George, with all

the Portugueses and Spaniards, and so deliver themselves from their

Yoke. Daroes undertook to Unite all the Kings of those Islands in a

League against the Christians; sent away trusty Persons to stir up

the Confederates; and particularly to Cachil Catabruno, Governor of

Gilolo, during that Kings Minority, advising him, at a Time appointed,

to rise in Arms against the Spaniards inhabiting his Dominions, and

then to kill the Infant King, and Usurp the Crown; for the compassing

whereof he promis'd his Assistance, for they should both make that

their common Cause, because he design'd the same Slaughter upon the

Portugueses, and upon the Infant King Sultan Dayalo, whom he would

Succeed in the Throne, and never submit to any Spanish Tyranny. At this

time the Voice of the Gospel resounded in the Ears of the Barbarous

Nations of the Archipelago, by the Preaching of the Religious Men

of the Orders of St. Augustin, St. Dominick, and St. Francis, and of

Father Francis Naverius, a Jesuit, and his Companions; Churches were

built, and therefore God, who was taught by them, would not suffer

the Ministers of the Gospel to be extirpated. Don George was inform'd

of the Conspiracy, and the Preparations that were making to put it in

Execution, which he kept to himself. Daroes, the better to disemble it,

never absented himself, but resorted to the Fort, and paid Visits to

the Governour; sometimes when sent for by him, and others, of his own

Accord. He sent one Day desiring he would come to him, and bring Cachil

Tamarano, Admiral of the Island, and Cachil Boio, the chief Justice

of the Kingdom, to treat about some important Affairs. Cachil Daroes

knowing nothing of Don George's Design, took those two Cachils with

him, and went away to the Fort. Don George receiv'd them courteously,

[Daroes and others put to Death.] and with a chearful Countenance; but

being come into a Room where all Things were prepar'd for the Purpose,

they were seiz'd and put to the Rack, on which they discover'd the

Conspiracy. Immediately he pass'd Sentence upon them in Form, and at

the same time caus'd a Scaffold to be erected, adjoyning to the Fort,

on the Outside, where the People were already gather'd in a Crowd. Then

Cachil Daroes being brought out, and plac'd high on the Scaffold, a

Cryer proclaim'd his Crimes, and the Penalty he was condemn'd to. His

Head was cut off, and his Companions put to a less honourable Death;

but what that was, no History or Relations inform us.

The Queen and all the Natives, were so terrify'd by this Action,

that [Natives fly, and streighten the Portugueses.] they fled out

of the City, to a craggy strong Mountain at the Town of Toruto:

Thence the Queen sent to demand her Son, whom the Governour kept as

a Prisoner; but he not answering her Letter, she was so offended at,

and jealous of his Silence, that she caus'd Proclamation to be made,

forbidding all the People of the Island, upon Pain of Death, to sell

any Provisions, or other Necessaries, to the Portugueses. Her Orders

were readily obey'd, and the Portugueses press'd by Hunger, found

it a more powerful Enemy, than those they had wrong'd. Their Skins

began to shrivel, they grew Lank and Weak, and must have perish'd,

had not Gonzalo Pereyra arriv'd then with the Trading Galeon. Gonzalo

Pereyra came from Malaca to succeed Don George de Meneses in the

Post of Ternate; and improving the Opportunity, touch'd at Borneo,

where he visited the King, with whom, the Spaniards not obstructing,

he settled perpetual Peace and Amity; thence he set out immediately for

Ternate, where he arriv'd in Safety. He presently took Possession of

the Fort, and paid the weak Soldiers. The Queen went to visit him,

and to complain of Don George, [New Governour.] and demand her

Son Cachil Dayalo, which was her greatest Concern. Gonzalo Pereyra

answer'd her generously, promis'd to do her Justice; and to begin,

secur'd Don George in the Principal Tower, to appease the Queen,

engaging i i. Word, That he would restore her Son, as soon as the Fort

was in a good Posture. He sent to intreat her to return to the City,

and former Amity; that Justice might be peaceably administer'd. She

seeing some Effects of his Promise, in the Imprisonment of her Enemy,

and the Expectation of Releasing the King her Son, turn'd past Sorrow

into Joy, return'd to Court, and Gonzalo Pereyra reform'd Abuses,

repair'd the Fort, and built Bastions of Square Stone, which till then

had been unhew'd, the Queen furnishing Workmen and Materials. Still

Cachil Dayalo was detain'd in the Fort, without being restor'd to

his Liberty; and the Queen and People help'd to build the Fort, as

the sure Means of obtaining their King's Liberty. Gonzalo Pereyra,

when he thought it a proper Time, resolv'd to execute some Orders he

had brought from Goa, which were the same that had before endanger'd

the Disturbance of those Kingdoms.

[Fresh Uproars caus'd by the Governour.] Some Governours, says

the Portuguese Historian, Couto, only study to enrich themselves,

impoverishing the Provinces, and their King; for no Prince can be

rich, if his Grandeur depends upon poor Subjects. The Governour

now perceiving that all Things were quiet, and he had little or no

Dependance on those People, made Proclamation, that none should buy

Cloves in those Islands, but the King, his Master's Factors. At the

same Time he order'd, that his Officers should enter the Houses of

marry'd Men, which are the Richest, and take away all their Cloves;

and this not only among the Natives, but in the Habitations, and

Colonies of the Portugueses, paying for it after the Country Rate;

and that they should break all their Weights, Scales and Measures,

and other Implements of this Sort, all which he caus'd to be publickly

burnt. The Island was again in an Uproar, and the Portugueses were

for quitting it, because it was to no Purpose to live there, if they

were depriv'd of that Trade. Most of the Portugueses repair'd to the

House of Ferdinand Lopez, a Priest, who was the Bishop's Vicar in

the Fort, and ought to have given them an Example of Modesty. There

one Vincent Fonseca, a seditious Fellow, heading the Mutiniers, they

resolv'd to require the Governour to permit them to live in their

former Liberty; and in case he should not Consent, they would depart

the Fort, and the Country, and go over to the Spaniards, or else to

the Mahometans, and Idolaters Towns. Some there were, who boggled at

the Crime of abandoning the Service of their King, together with the

[Portugueses mutiny.] Fort; and voted it would be less Harm to procure

the Governour's Death, by Means of the Natives. Whilst they were thus

unresolv'd, the Governour sent to seize Vincent de Fonseca, for some

disrespectful Words he had spoken upon this Occasion, to another

Soldier who was viewing the Guards. The Multitude, who had already

given themselves up to the Direction of Fonseca, were as much concern'd

at his Imprisonment, as if every one of them had been put into Irons;

and as generally in such Mutinies, they are not without some specious

Pretence, tho' it be but superficial, many of the Seditious, being

incens'd, and resolute, repair'd to the Queen's Palace, where they

were easily admitted, and some of them to more Privacy with certain

Counsellors of her's. There they represented the Hardship of depriving

them of the Trade of Clove, without any Demerit on their Side. But,

said they, they may as well deprive us of this common Air, of this

Light, and of the Benefit of our Senses. Our Kings give no such Orders;

but they proceed from the Avarice of the Governours and Commanders,

who tyrannize over us, and this Man more than all his Predecessors,

being come to destroy, that which he was sent to preserve. He has no

Design to restore your Majesty your Son; but on the contrary we are

satisfy'd he contrives to destroy both the Son and the Mother. Her

he will secure, as soon as he has brought his Works to perfection,

that he may not be again kept from Provisions. If you will stand up

for your Country, and kill the Commander, we shall not obstruct it,

but on the contrary shall be as vigorous to act against him, as we

are ready to promise it.

The Queen and her Councellors were well pleas'd, hoping by that

[The Queen stirs up her People.] means to get rid of Tyrants, as

they call'd them, and therefore would not let slip so favourable an

opportunity to compass their Ends. The Queen assembled the prime Men

of the Island; represented to them the Condition it was in; put them

in mind, how King Boleyfe her Husband, protected the Portugueses,

who came thither in Distress; how they had sworn Amity, and solemnly

given their Hands upon it; the Honour and Kindness he show'd them; and

that for their sakes he forfeited the good will of the Neighbouring

Princes; that after he had receiv'd them, he maintain'd Wars, and

sustain'd losses, even to the hazard of his life, to protect them;

that he treated them as affectionately as if they had been his own

Children; and how they, in return for his Entertainment and Favours,

as soon as the Breath was out of his Body, presum'd, said she, to

lay violent Hands on me; from whose Tyranny and Oppression I escaped,

by absconding long among the Rocks, and Brambles. My Children, they

snatch'd from their Nurses Breasts, to confine them in Prison; in their

own Kingdom, and among their Subjects. When Cachil Bayano came to age

to govern, they poyson'd him. They now design after the same manner

to destroy his Brother, a lawful King, as if he were some run-away

Slave. See what regard a parcel of intruding Strangers have for your

Fortunes, your Houses, your Daughters, and your Wives, in your own

Country, and in my Presence. Any one of these things ought to be a

sufficient motive to cast off the Yoke we laid upon our Necks through

our own Credulity. What then will not they all together oblige us to

do? But besides all this, what ought we not to do, seeing our Religion

affronted? Our Temples polluted? Our Priests trampled on? And all our

selves in general despis'd? Can you have a greater Testimony of the

justice of your Cause, than to see the Portugueses themselves on your

side? Do not let slip this Opportunity, my Friends, stand by them,

since they promise to assist us. Deliver by their means your King,

your Country, and your Religion; that all these may be afterwards

rescu'd from them, and we may exclude such ungrateful Guests.

These and other Exhortations made by the Queen, as Mafeus writes in

[Conspiracy against the Governor.] his Latin History, were receiv'd

with Abundance of Tears, and they all engag'd to put their helping

hands to the execution of what had been concerted; and fixt the day and

hour. Great Dissimulation was us'd, and the Queen forwarded the work of

the Fort with much application, without sparing any Cost, giving out,

so as it might come to the Governour's Ears, That the King her Sons

Liberty depended on the finishing of the Fort. This was the effect

of Motherly Affection. The appointed Day being come, the Natives

appear'd in Arms, just during the scorching Heat of the Noon-day;

Some hid themselves in a Mosque, behind the Fort; others in a Wood,

not far off, all of them ready to assault it, upon a Signal given,

they being to enter at a Breach, which was not yet made up. Some

of the Arm'd Islanders slily mixt themselves among the Masons, and

Labourers, and among the King's Servants, who were going and coming

with kind Messages between the Son and the Mother, and by this means

convey'd him his Arms, and being us'd to talk to him freely at other

times, they had then the Opportunity of acquainting him with the

Design, and advising to be in a readiness to fall on boldly in due

time. Thence they went to the Governour's Apartment, where he was

taking his Afternoons Nap in all possible Security, his whole Family

being asleep. The Ternates burst the Doors open with their Shoulders,

and rush'd upon the Governour, whom the noise had awak'd. He defended

himself with his Sword and Buckler for a considerable space; but his

Enemies being numerous, and all [His Death.] pressing forwards,

they cut him in pieces. A Woman-slave of his hearing the Hubbub,

shreek'd out, which with the other Noise brought the Islanders out

of the Mosque, without expecting the Signal. They laid hold of a

Portuguese they met, but he broke loose, and escap'd their Fury by

flight. The Slave continu'd crying out, Moors, Moors. With this the

Governour's Servants came running arm'd, and going up to the chief

Tower, where their Master was wont to divert himself, found all the

Murderers there, whom they laid hold of, and cast down headlong, and

then shut the Gates of the Fort. Then they rang the Bell, the sound

whereof, and their not hearing the Signal, discourag'd the Ternates

who lay in Ambush, so that they slunk away into the City.

The Portugues Conspirators went slily dissembling into the Fort, and

finding the Governour dead, requir'd the rest in his place to admit of

the Alcayde, or Constable of the Fort, because the King of Portugal had

so order'd. They refus'd him, and particularly the Vicar, who took upon

him [Fonseca made Governour.] to head them all, and prevail'd so far

that they chose Vincent de Fonseca for their Governour, who immediately

took Possession of the Fort, and beginning to go on in the Tyrannical

Design of Gonzalo Pereyra, left the Trade of Clove as it was before;

but secur'd King Dayalo. No notice was taken of the Governour's Death,

as being executed by the consent of them all. The Queen insisted to

demand her Son, since she had furnish'd all Necessaries for that

Work; Vincent Fonseca refer'd the Answer to the Marry'd Men. All

those Nations are of opinion that the discreetest among them are

the Marry'd Men, both on account of their Age, and as more faithful

Councellors, because they have a greater interest in the publick Good,

and therefore it is usual to refer to them all Debates and Answers

in matters of Difficulty. They all voted, That the Queen should not

have her Son deliver'd to her, because it was convenient to keep him

as an Hostage, fearing the second part of what had been concerted,

and that their Friendships would last no longer than till it could

be executed. But to palliate the true cause of detaining him, they

answered, That they must first acquaint the Governour of India. In

the mean while the Mother did not cease to weep, and to intreat. She

fed upon these Hopes, grounded on the Hatred the Portugueses still

retain'd for Pereyra, and on the Generosity she had us'd in restoring

the Trade of Clove, and other means. The most prevalent of these

seem'd to be the gaining the affections of the Marry'd Portugueses,

to whom that Affair was referred, and under-hand of Vincent Fonseca

himself, by rich Presents, and extraordinary Gifts. But she was

soon undeceived, for Fonseca offered her such Reasons or Excuses,

as proved his Tyrannical Design; alledging, that having already sent

to consult the Governour of India about the King's Liberty, it was

not in his power to come to any Resolution in that affair, till the

Answer came from Goa, for they would cut off his Head, should he go

about to act of himself. The Queen perceiving that neither Gifts,

nor Intreaties would prevail to get her Son, she resolv'd to use Force.

She stir'd up all the Neighbouring Kingdoms against the Portugueses;

[The Queen recovers her Son by force.] and order'd the Provisions

to be all remov'd, that none might come to the Fort, either by Sea or

Land. Those within began to feel the want of all Necessaries, to such

a degree, that they su'd to the Queen for Peace, which was concluded,

and they gave up her Son, which was the only thing she aim'd at,

without regarding the inconveniency of losing the Fort. The Queen

having obtain'd the King's Liberty, granted the Portugueses all the

Conditions they demanded, and was so throughly appeas'd that the

Christians continu'd their Settlements and Colonies, and Trade, and

Provisions were restor'd. The Queen put the Government into the hands

of her Son, who at first shew'd some Severity and Harshness towards

the prime Men, and discover'd some Weaknesses, which till then his

Confinement had either conceal'd, or suppress'd. These things render'd

him so odious, that the case was alter'd, and they would have been

glad he had been Prisoner again. The Mother could not curb his ill

Inclination, for the extravagant Youth's deprav'd Nature would not

allow of it.

At this time three mean Fellows of the Portugueses Colony, went

to those of the Natives to rob; besides which they ravish'd some

Women. The [Portuguese Robbers kill'd.] Islanders would not bear with

that Insolence; but those who had been wrong'd in revenge kill'd the

Offenders. Vincent de Fonseca hearing of it, magnify'd the Heinousness

of the Fact, without mentioning his Countrymens Guilt, and order'd

strict Enquiry to be made after the Slayers. What Care ought Princes

to take to secure the Affection of their Subjects. The King was so

hated, that certain Natives went to the Governour, and being conducted

into a private part of the Fort, because they were Men of Quality,

they assur'd him that the King had been the Occasion of the killing of

those Portugueses, grounding the Accusation on their own Surmises, and

aggravating the Offence with other Circumstances, in such manner, that

had Fonseca lov'd the King, he could not but have believ'd them. He

presently contriv'd to seize him; but being impatient, and despairing

of securing him by Art, had recourse to Force. The King did the like,

tho' [King of Ternate flies.] sensible how little Assistance he could

expect from his People, however he arm'd a few Vessels, and falling

upon some Christian Towns, took several Prisoners. The Governour on

the other Hand, without sparing Ternate, attacked what Towns he could,

so that Cruelty and Rapine were again in use, even to assaulting of

Cities, the very Sufferers approving of it, and pleas'd with their

Losses, that so they might be reveng'd of their King. He fearing

that the Hatred they bore him, might occasion his being seiz'd and

deliver'd up to Fonseca, went over to Tydore, where that King for the

present entertain'd and assisted him, as a Friend and Relation. The

Governour sent with speed to call the King's younger Brother, named

Sultan Tabarija, who was fled with some Malecontents, and with the

consent of [Sultan Tabarija made King.] all the rest of the People,

who were before no less dissatisfy'd, proclaim'd him King, with all

the Forms and Ceremonies us'd in that case. Many approv'd of it, yet

some were scandaliz'd. The same Division reign'd among the Portugueses,

remembring the unjust Election of Vincent de Fonseca, and that he was

the first and main instrument of the Death of Gonzalo Pereyra. Fonseca

himself was not at Peace with his own Conscience; but so full of

Apprehensions and Dread, that he was never unarm'd, disconsolate,

melancholy, and attended by all those ill Symptoms, the Memory of

Guilt produces in the Mind; and he could wish he were discharg'd of

the Burden he had taken upon him. The new King Tabarija began his

Reign shewing Kindness to all Men, and cherishing the Portugueses,

which offended his absent Brother; and administer'd occasion to

irritate the Kings of Tydore and Ternate against him so hastily,

that he immediately broke the Peace, and declar'd himself their Enemy.

[Tristan de Atayde Governour of Ternate.] At this time Tristan de

Atayde came to Ternate, whose Presence brought all Things into better

Form. He appeas'd the Queen, and commending Tabarija's Government,

gain'd his Affection. Trade went on without any Obstruction. Vincent

de Fonseca imbark'd for India, and was seiz'd by the Viceroy of Goa,

for the heinous Crimes he had committed in the Molucco Islands,

whence a full Account of them was sent with him; yet he was not

punish'd, but liv'd quietly for the future. Ternate flourish'd under

this mild Government; the King, his Subjects, and the Portuguese

Officers being united; but all those Garrisons so remote from the

Head, being Receptacles of seditious Persons, who are contriving

Innovations to disturb the Peace, and thrive by Discord, there wanted

not some Promoters of such Changes, who perverted Tristan de Atayde,

and divested him of his former Mildness. About the beginning of his

Government two Carcoas of Barbarians plunder'd and almost destroy'd

the City Momoya, the Inhabitants whereof were Idolaters, in the

Island Moro. The Lord of it a powerful Sangiack, and good Moral Man,

tho' a Heathen, made his Escape. Gonzalo Velloso, a Portuguese, was

then not far from his City, following his Trade, and going thither,

upon his paying a Visit to the Sangiack, he told him the Havock that

had been made, complaining of the dangerous Neighbourhood of the

other Islanders, and asking his Advice, how he might be reveng'd and

secur'd for the future. Velloso, God directing his Tongue, told him,

That the surest way was to sue for Peace to the Commander in chief

of the Moluccos, and entertain Amity with the Portugueses, for if his

Enemies once saw he was supported by their Power, no King nor Sangiack

would dare to offend him. He assur'd him that the King of Portugal sent

them for that End, being oblig'd to put down Tyranny and Oppression;

but that for the obtaining that benefit more fully, it was requisite

he should become a Christian; for by that means he would save his

Soul, and secure his Escape, which was the least important of the

[A Sangiack converted.] two. Velloso said so much to this Point,

and the Spirit which directed, suggested such important Truths, that

the Sangiack at first admiring them, approv'd and submitted to them,

and grew very earnest to be admitted to Baptism. He desir'd Gonzalo

Velloso to be assisting to him, and gathering some of his Family

and Friends, they set out for Ternate, the Sangiack himself staying

behind for their Answer. The Heathens came with Velloso to Ternate,

where they were generously received, and entertain'd by Tristan de

Ataide. Having heard what they came about, he put them all into the

Christian Habit, appointing Clergy-men to instruct and Catechize

them. Being thus prepar'd, they receiv'd Baptism with extraordinary

satisfaction, the Commander in chief being their God-father. Then

he commended the Sangiack's Resolution, shewing how advantageous

it would be to him to become a Son of the Church, and reject the

abominable and foul Ceremonies of Idolatry, in which he had liv'd. He

sent him word, to appoint the Day and Place for being Baptiz'd, and

he would see all perform'd as he should direct, for which Reason he

left it to his Choice. The Messengers returning to Momoya, were not

only proud of having embrac'd the Christian Faith, but of the good

Usage they receiv'd from the Governour and other Christians, telling

the Sangiack all that had happen'd, and the Answer they brought

him. The Sangiack, led by his own inclination, and encourag'd by

their Account, imbark'd in some Carcoas with the greatest Splendor

of Musick and Gayety he was able. Being come in Sight of Ternate,

Tristan de Ataide went out to meet him with no less Pomp. He lodg'd and

entertain'd him accordingly, and order'd a Learned and Religious Man

to Catechize and instruct him. Some Days after when the Cathecumens

were fitted for it, they receiv'd Baptism, with publick Rejoycings,

and greater Solemnity than had ever been seen in Ternate. There

was not a Christian but what brought Palm-Branches and Flowers from

that natural Garden of the Island; besides Musick, Dancing, Firing

of great Guns, and even the very Barbarians rejoyc'd. The Sangiack

in Baptism took the Name of Don John; he stay'd some Days rejoycing

and Feasting with the Portugueses, and then return'd home, taking

along with him the Priest that instructed him, call'd Simon Vaz,

to improve him in the Knowledge of the Faith. That Priest liv'd with

him some Years in his City, leading an Exemplar Life, and exercising

himself in Works of Officious and pure Charity, by which means he

converted great Numbers of Heathens, and particularly the Inhabitants

of Momoya. But being alone, and the Number of those God was pleased

for his Glory, to bring to him increasing very fast, he sent to

Tristan de Atayde for another Priest to assist him in that Function,

and he accordingly sent F. Francis Alvarez. They both in a short time

converted the Infidels of that Part, throwing down all the Pagodes,

so they call'd their Idols, cleansing those Places, and converting

the Houses of Abomination and Darkness into Churches of the living

God. Tristan de Atayde so far favour'd the new Don John, as to send

along with him some Portuguese Soldiers to defend his Person and Fort,

and this Prince maintain'd very friendly Correspondence with him. His

End we shall soon see and admire in the Sequel of this History.

The People of Ternate at the same time took another Course, for they

[Portugueses serve the King.] hating Sultan Tabarija, and desiring

his Death, talk'd with the Governour in private, and gave him to

understand that his Life was in Danger, for Tabarija contriv'd to kill

him, as had been done by Gonzalo Pereyra, that so he might seize the

Fort, turning out the Portugueses. The Governour hearing his Life,

and the Fort were both in Jeopardy, and calling to mind the yet fresh

Example of his Predecessor, easily believ'd the Design, but cunningly

dissembled. He contriv'd that some Portugueses on account of real

or pretended Differences should have Recourse to the King's Favour,

as sometimes they us'd to do, and should prevail upon him to come

to the Fort to speak for them. He was apply'd to by some, and like

an innocent Man suspecting nothing, went to the Fort to intercede

for them. He was immediately seiz'd and loaded with Irons, and being

brought to Trial, the same Persons that contriv'd his Imprisonment,

appear'd as Witnesses against him. After a tedious Examination,

or show of it, the Result was, that he should be sent to India to

justifie himself. He imbark'd with a safe [His Conversion and Death.]

Conscience, and his Cause being examin'd before the Viceroy Antony

Barreto at Goa, he was clear'd, and confessing the Holy Spirit had

taken that method to draw him to Salvation, was Baptiz'd in that

City with great Satisfaction, by the Name of Don Emanuel. In his

Return homewards, expecting the Monson at Malaca to put to Sea, he

dy'd with extraordinary Tokens of a sincere Christian; and having

no lawful Heir, appointed King John the Third of Portugal to succeed

him in all his Kingdoms. The Will was afterwards carry'd to Ternate,

where the great Ones and Commonalty accepted of it, owning King

John for their Soveraign. This was perform'd with Acclamations in

the Streets and publick Places, as also in the Courts of Judicature,

taking Possession with the Royal Standard of Portugal display'd, and

all other usual Solemnities and Ceremonies. In the Year 1549, Jordan

de Freytas carry'd the publick Instruments of the Possession to Lisbon.

To return to the Course of the History when Tristan de Atayde

had Imbark'd King Tabarija for India, he sought out for a Bastard

Brother of his call'd Aerio, born of a Javanese Mother. The Lad

was then ten years of Age, bred by his Mother in a retir'd manner,

at a Pleasure-House encompass'd with perpetual Greens, the natural

Disposition being improv'd [The Melancholy Tree, and Flower.] by Art,

which so far prevail'd that the Flower so wonderful for its Fragrancy

and manner of growing call'd Triste, or melancholy; found only in

Malabar and Malaca, abounded in this Ladies Gardens. She ador'd the

Sun, and brought up her Child in that Folly, that he might forget the

Rudiments he learnt at Goa, when in the Colledge of the Jesuits. The

Idolaters believe, or feign, that a most beautiful Daughter of

Parizataco, a Satrapa, or Nobleman, fell in love with the Sun, and

that he after complying with, and obliging her, setled his Affections

on another, and the first not able to endure that another should be

preferr'd before her, kill'd her self. From her Ashes, for in those

parts they still retain the Custom of burning dead Bodies, sprung that

Melancholy Tree, say they, whose Blossoms or Flowers still preserving

the Memory of their Original, have such a Hatred for the Sun, that they

cannot bear his Light. This Plant is call'd in the Canarine Tongue

Parizataco, from the Indian Womans Father, who was Metamorphos'd

like Daphne, tho' on other Account. The Malayes call it Singadi;

the Arabs, Guart; the Persians and Turks, Gul; the Decanines, Pul;

and the Portuguese, Arvore Triste; that is, the Melancholy Tree. It

shoots out abundance of slender Branches, regularly divided by Knots,

from each of which two Leaves sprout, opposite to one another, like

those of the Plum-Tree, but soft like Sage, and cover'd with a white

Down. From each Leaf sprouts a Nib, or Nipple, whence five Heads

shoot out small at the end, each of them adorn'd with four smaller

round Leaves; from each little Head proceed five Flowers, the fifth

in the midst of the other four; among them the white Flowers visibly

grow out, being bigger than Orange Flowers, and so fast after Night

fall, that the Motion of them is perceptible. This Fruitfulness lasts

all the Night, till the Appearing of the Sun renders it barren, and

causes all the Flowers and Leaves to drop off, the Boughs remaining

wither'd. On a sudden all that Fragrancy ceases, which enrich'd the

Air with all the sweet Odours of Asia, included in this alone; till

the Sun leaving the Horizon again, the Plant again flourishes in its

beloved Darkness, as if it then retriev'd the Wrong it receiv'd from

the Light. The Asiaticks are excessively fond of Perfumes, which is

an Argument of their Lasciviousness. Great Taxes are laid in several

Provinces, on all sweet Scents.

The Portugueses came arm'd to that House, where the aforesaid Princess

[Portuguses sent to fetch Aerio.] bred her Son, and demanded him in

the Name of Tristan de Atayde; she would willingly have hid him, but

could not, and therefore began to excuse her self, and beg they would

leave him. It avail'd nothing, for the Messengers had Orders not to

return without him, and to gain her Consent, swore they would carry

him to reign in the stead of Tabarija, and that as soon as he came

to the Fort, he should be received as King, both by the Ternates and

Portugueses. Some Relations tell us, that then the Mother, shedding

Abundance of Tears, streightly embracing the Prince, cry'd out,

saying, Were I assur'd that you took him away to reign peaceably, [His

Mother's Speech to keep him.] without any Opposition, or Apprehension,

well belov'd and obey'd by his Subjects, and in settled Prosperity,

undisturb'd by any Frights; yet would I rather see him grow up and

continue in a private Life, without burdening himself with any publick

Concern, than that he should reign to please your Humour; this was

my Intention in retiring with him, and I would gladly conceal him

from all humane Conversation. If so, what can I think of what you

now promise me? Will it be reasonable, that I deliver you my Son

to receive the Crown, and that you at the same time design him for

Imprisonment and Fetters, from which nothing shall, or can possible

deliver him but Poison and false Accusations, which have brought his

Brothers and Parents to their End? What Security have I from Fortune,

that she will in this Child be reconciled to that Family, which she has

condemned to immortal Enmity with the Europeans, in Requital for having

friendly entertain'd them; and decreed that, instead of the Protection

it hop'd to find in your Arms, you should lay on it an intollerable

Yoke? Leave us then, both Mother and Son, to employ our selves about

the Works of Nature, since costly Experience has so fully undeceived

as to the Effects of Fortune. Permit us to divert the Thoughts of

them, with the Quiet, and Improvements of these Gardens. Let us

be allow'd to want that which so many seek after. James de Couto,

in his Decades relates this Fact, and the Mother's Lamentation, and

Words. The Portugueses, no longer able to give Ear to those dismal

Reflections, which did not savour of a barbarous Woman, ran up to

her, and forc'd away her Son, whom she struggled to defend. He,

says the same Author, observing his Mother's Tears, and the Reasons

she alledg'd for not parting with him, and having some anticipated

Notion of the Sweetness of Reigning, which he had not yet tasted,

stood gazing on her and them, full of Confusion. The Rudeness, and

Insolence of the Soldiers put an End to all; for tho' they had no

such Orders from their Commander, being deaf to, and weary of hearing

the Complaints of [The Portuguese murder her.] a Disconsolate Woman;

they at the same time seiz'd the Son, and laying hold of the Mother,

cast her headlong out at the Window: The new King was carry'd to the

Fort, and at the same time that the Subjects swore Fidelity to him,

they with general Lamentation celebrated his Mother's Obsequies,

which were perform'd with greater Solemnity, than even those of the

Principal Queens. This Inhumanity exceeding even the Canibals, and

consequently unworthy the pretended Portugueses Bravery; being bruited

Abroad in the Neighbouring Provinces, produc'd that just Hatred which

was of Force to unite; and actually drew into a Confederacy all the

Kings of the Archipelago, against the Portugueses. They assembled

[Confederacy against them.] in Council, and in the Meeting concerted

their Design, declaring that the Oppression they were under, was

intollerable, the Portugueses making and deposing Kings to their

own Humour and Fancy, insulting those Crowns which had given them

the Power they had abus'd, contrary to all Laws of Humanity, without

allowing the Natives so much as a Vote in Elections. Having agreed

upon the Enterprize, they provided all Things for the Execution,

whilst the appointed Time came, which they diligently made as short

as might be, and expected with Dissimulation.

The Spanish and Portuguese Fleets at this Time continu'd their Voyages

to the Archipelago, their several known Ways; the Spaniards from New

[Difference about the Moluccos, between Spain and Portugal.] Spain to

the Phillippine Islands; the Portugueses along the Coasts of Africk,

and so to Malaca. Both Sides exercised their Power, and carry'd on

their Trade with Ambition, and, as some say, with Cruelty; but the

most bloody Theatre of continual Tragedies, was Ternate and all the

Molucco's. There both Nations of Castile and Portugal decided their

Quarrel by the Sword, whilst their Kings in Europe only contended by

Dint of Cunning, and Cosmography. At this time the Matter was not so

plain, as when the Cosmographers and Commissioners on both Sides, lay'd

down the Meridian, whereby to assign each of them one half of the World

to their King. For the Admiral Christopher Columbus returning from his

first Discovery of the West-Indies, in the Year 1493, Pope Alexander

the VIth. granted the Investiture of them, for the Crown of Castile,

to their Catholick Majesties, King Ferdinand, and Queen Isabel, or

Elizabeth; and to obviate the Differences that might arise between

the two Crowns, to the obstructing the Propagation of the Gospel,

by the same Apostolical Authority, which in that spiritual Capacity

is not limited to any part of the Globe, he divided it betwixt those

two Crowns, ordering a Line to be drawn along the Heavens to cut

both the Poles, distant on the Earth one hundred Leagues from the

Islands of the Azores and Cabo Verde. By Vertue of this Division, the

Emperor pretended that the Molucco Islands were within his Limits,

ever since Gonzalo Gomez de Espinosa, his Commander in chief,

Sebastian del Cano, and his Companions, who went with Magellan,

took Possession of them for his Crown. Pretending at the same Time,

that they were the first Christians that arriv'd at the Moluccos, and

that then he was own'd as Sovereign by Sultan Corala, King of Ternate,

who reign'd before Sultan Bongue; by Sultan Almanzor, King of Tydore,

by Luzuf, King of Gilolo, and other Princes, who all swore Fealty

by their Idols, and the Alcoran; and that Gonzalo Gomez admitted

them, and swore to the Observance of what had been agreed on, in his

[Arguments for Spain.] King's Name, before an Image of the Blessed

Virgin. He urg'd, that by Mathematical Demonstration, and the Judgment

of Men learned in that Faculty, it appear'd, that the Moluccos were

within the Limits of Castile, as were all others, as far as Malaca,

and even beyond it. That it was no easy Undertaking for Portugal

to go about to disprove the Writings of so many Cosmographers, and

such able Mariners; and particularly the Opinion of Magellan, who was

himself a Portuguese. And that in Case he might be thought partial,

because of his being disoblig'd in Portugal, that Exception did not

lie against Francis Serrano, who was also a Portuguese, and had been

favour'd and cherish'd. That to say the Sea Charts had been maliciously

contriv'd, was a groundless Objection, and not probable. Besides that,

in Relation to the Article of Possession, on which the Controversy

depended, it was only requisite to stand by what was writ by, and

receiv'd among Cosmographers.

In Answer to this, King John of Portugal, deny'd the Fact of the

Discovery, [Portuguese Answer.] as to its Precedency; for Serrano's

was in the Year 1511, and that of Magellans Companions nine Years

later, in 1520. He declar'd the Globes, Astrolabes, and Sea Charts

to be partial, and that in Case they were rectify'd, drawing the

aforesaid Meridian, according to Rules of Astrology, his Limits would

not only comprehend the Moluccos, but reach far beyond the Philippine

Islands. He offer'd King Tabarija's last Will on his Behalf; and

said, that if the Line were fairly drawn, observing Eclipses, as

had been done sometimes, the Truth of his Assertion would appear. To

this they added, the Papers of the Geographer and Astrologer, Andrew

de S. Martin, by which it appear'd, that he sailing with Magellan,

his before unattempted Voyage, had observed several Eclipses, and

Oppositions. Among the rest, on the 17th of December, 1519. He in the

River call'd Rio de Janeyro, took an Observation of a Conjunction of

Jupiter and the Moon; on the first of February 1520, another of the

Moon and Venus; soon after another of the Sun and Moon, after passing

the Streights, another Opposition of the Sun and Moon, and others

at other times; all which, tho' calculated by him to the Meridian

of Sevil, avail'd nothing to his Design, which was to prove that the

Molucco Islands did not belong to Portugal; for which Reason he found

Fault with John de Monteregio's Tables and Almanacks. All these Papers

were preserv'd by Edward Resende Factor at the Moluccos, a learned

and curious Man. They said, that since there was then a Treaty about

the Possession of those Islands; in a Case of that Consequence it was

not proper, to avoid alledging, and examining the Grounds of their

Property, to prevent the Decision of the Sword, which was the Court

where that Controversy was pleaded; and when once it comes to that

pass, there was no Possibility of standing to speculative Writing,

which not being made good by Experience, must at least be look'd upon

as uncertain.

The Possession of the Molucco Islands was of great Consequence to

the King of Portugal, for carrying on the Trade of Spice, and being

inform'd of the War still maintain'd between his Subjects and the

Emperor's, in those Parts, he daily us'd fresh Endeavours to bring

that Business to some Conclusion, that so the War might cease. The

Emperor had not so much Intelligence of what his Commanders did in

Asia; because the Portuguese suffer'd no Ships, but their own to pass

by the Cape of Good Hope; and the way of New-Spain, that Voyage was not

much frequented, and therefore not so well known; and besides all this

he then stood in need of a great Sum of Money. In the Year 1525, there

was a Treaty at Segovia, [The Difference adjusted.] by his Majesties

Order, for composing of this Difference, and in 1526 it was held at

Sevil, where the Portuguese Embassador; and the Licenciate Azevedo of

that Kings Council, were met by the Bishops of Osma, President of the

Council of the Indies, Doctor Laurence Galindez, of the same Council,

and Don Garcia de Padilla, first Commendary of Calatrava, on the

Emperor's side, as Commissioners, and Plenipotentaries, besides the

Lord-High-Chancellor, and the Popes Nuncio, Mercurio Gatnara. After

many Meetings, and much Strife, to which there were also Civilians,

Geographers, and Mariners admitted; all which only puzzled the Cause,

whence ensu'd Law Suits, Arbitrations, and other Fruitless Negociations

in Spain, and Wars in Asia between the Ships of both Crowns: After all

this there was a Cessation, and Quietness, the Emperor Mortgaging those

controverted Islands to the King of Portugal, for 350000 Ducats. This

was concluded at Zaragoza, on the 22d of August 1529, as his Imperial

Majesty was going over to be Crown'd in Italy. The Line of Division

was again examin'd, and what Parts of the Earth it is to run through;

the Times of Payment were fix'd, with other Conditions, and Salvos

of the Right on both sides, that so neither Oblivion, nor the Kindred

between the two Kings might confound it.

By Relations Written in those Days it appears, that the Emperor

consulting [Spaniards against quitting the Moluccos.] Peter Ruyz

de Villegas, a grave and learned Gentleman, about this Mortgage;

his Answer was condemning it, and declaring, That his Majesty had

better to have Mortgaged any other of his Kingdoms, than that of the

Moluccos, Trapobana, or Malaca, or any other in the East; all which,

in his Opinion, belong'd to his Majesty; and the great uncertainty

of State Affairs. Many others advised the Emperor to repay that great

Sum to the King of Portugal; and what is yet more, the Representatives

in the Cortes of Castile, propos'd that the Emperor should make over

to them the Molucco Islands for six Years, by way of Farm, and they

would pay King John the Mortgage Money, and bring the Trade of Spice

to Coruna, and after the six Years his Majesty should carry on that

Trade. The Emperor hearing of this Innovation, order'd a stop to it,

and that no further Progress should be made in fitting out the Fleet

design'd for the Moluccos, under Simon de Alcazova, and forwarded by

the Bishop of Ciudad Rodrigo.

Orders, and Letters Patents, were drawn and sealed, for both Nations

to forbear Hostilities, but the Emperor's Subjects never receiv'd

Commands from him to withdraw their Forces for any other Enterprize,

nor did they [War ceases between Spaniards and Portugueses.] know what

had been agreed on in Spain, any other way than by the Account they

had from the Portugueses who had receiv'd Orders from their King, to

conclude a Peace, and to Ship off the Spaniards by the way of India

for Spain. This Agreement put an End to all Judicial, and Military

Contention. Since then the Vicissitude of Times has invested all the

Right, and Title in our King. So that, according to grave Civilians, he

might, as they say, invert the Titles, or possess by them all, without

confounding the Right; Heaven having design'd him to be Sovereign of

such a vast Monarchy, and given him that Hereditary Zeal, which makes

him offer his whole Power to oppose Hereticks and Sectaries, and to

spread the Faith, and its perfect Politicks among such Multitudes of

Souls as have received it, in so many barbarous Provinces. For this

same Reason it will be superfluous to examine any further into the

Limits assign'd by that Law, which could never be settled.

This Accommodation being concluded, the Portuguese Fleets, without

[Portugueses Possession of the Moluccos.] any Opposition from those

of Castile, peaceably possess'd themselves of the Islands of Ternate,

Tydore, Bachian, and the others about them. From the first of these,

as their Head in Spirituals, our Priests went Abroad to preach the Word

of Truth, which was receiv'd by several Kings and Nations, leaving but

inconsiderable Remains of Idolatry, and other Sects. Whole Cities,

whose Soveraigns chose to continue in their Darkness, not regarding

their Prince's Example, which uses to have the Force of a Law, threw

down their Idols, and consecrated Profaneness, dedicating their

Temples to the True God. The Kings of Portugal built Garrisons, and

Factories for the Christians to inhabit; sending their Commanders and

Officers, who curbed the Kings, and the Sangiacks their Subjects. Some

Governours there were, who besides the Care they took of propagating

[Conversions.] the Gospel, and maintaining Peace in those Parts,

endeavour'd by endearing Means to attract the Barbarians to love

our Habits, to affect our Ways of Entertainment, and the European

Affability and Conversation, and gently inclin'd them to our Customs

and Manners, which in some Places made them look upon that as a Sort

of Equality, when it was no better than Servitude. The powerful

Union of Justice and Religion was however the most prevalent; but

the Commanders and Governours being defective in the first of these

Virtues, on which inward Felicity and Government depend; the Subjects

lost the second, and return'd to their former Blindness, as appears

by what has been already said, and more fully by what is to follow,

since we are now come to the Election of Sultan Aerio, in whose Days

Ternate was utterly lost, and could never be recovered either by Force

or Art, till the Reign of our Sovereign Lord the King; a just Reward of

his Piety and Zeal. The lawful Queen, by those People call'd Putriz,

was as much concern'd for Aerio's Mother's Death, as for any of her

own Sons. She was present at her Funeral, and lamenting immoderately,

curs'd the Domination of the Portugueses, calling it Tyranny. All the

Machinations of those who study'd Revenge were known to her, and she

forwarded them with her Advice; for as they said, nothing now remain'd

of the former Moderation of the Governours sent thither out of Europe,

nor of that Regard and Respect they used to have for them.

The End of the First Book.

THE

HISTORY

OF THE

Discovery and Conquest

OF THE

Molucco and Philippine Islands, &c.

The Discovery and Conquest of the Molucco and Philippine Islands. Containing their History, Ancient and Modern, Natural and Political: Their Description, Product, Religion, Government, Laws, Languages, Customs, Manners, Habits, Shape, and Inclinations of the Natives. With an Account of many other adjacent Islands, and several remarkable Voyages through the Streights of Magellan, and in other Parts. · 第 1 / 10 章