#quamvîs sîs# molestus, XXVI, 158.
_J._ CUM CLAUSES
The temporal, causal, and concessive uses of #cum# have already been
given separately. #Cum# was originally a temporal conjunction. From the
temporal idea were developed its other meanings. So the English _when_
frequently contains the ideas of time and cause, or time and concession
combined, and _while_ also is frequently at once temporal and
concessive. So #cum# also may represent these ideas in combination as
well as separately. In many cases, indeed, it is difficult, if not
impossible, to decide which meaning is more prominent: cf.
#Cum# (_when_ and _since_) lupa saepius ad parvulôs . .
#reverterêtur#, I, 16; Hîs artibus #cum# (_when_ and _although_)
Hannibalem Fabius . . #clausisset#, ille . . sê expedîvit, XIX, 31.
_K._ THE ABLATIVE ABSOLUTE
1. FORM.--The ablative absolute consists usually of a noun and a
participle. The participle is generally passive, but often active: #Eô
rêgnante#, IV, 3; #relâbente flûmine#, I, 9.
2. Often, however, the ablative absolute consists of a noun and
adjective, or of two nouns, or a noun and pronoun. In such cases there
is an ellipsis of the lost present participle of #sum#:
#mâgnâ glôriâ# bellî, IV, 75; #parî# ferê #ôrnâtû#, X, 6; #Appiô
iûdice#, XII, 15; #Valeriô# et #Cossô cônsulibus#, XIV, 1.