of all. From the accession of Pio Nono, there has been a decisive
change of the old Papal plan. For the last three hundred years,
Popery, smitten by the Reformation, had limited its efforts to keeping
itself in existence, the stern power of the military thrones having
prohibited its excitement of the people. But times changed; the power
of the multitude increased, the power of the monarchs diminished, and
the appeal was now to be made to the multitude. Europe then saw, with
sudden astonishment, a _liberal_ Pope, and heard the sound of popular
emancipation from the recesses of the Conclave. If the rash ambition
of the King of Sardinia had not thrown Italy into war, and his shallow
generalship turned the war into a flight, the plan of popular appeal
would probably have made Popery the head of Red Republicanism. But
the whole affair was managed as everything beyond the confessional is
managed by monkery--and the Pope was glad to escape from the blaze
which he had kindled with his own hasty hand.
His restoration by the French sword, drawn for republicanism in France
and for despotism in Rome, has set the machinery in movement again; and
we now see its first manufacture in the actual claim of supremacy in
England. Whether its contemptuous repulse here will check its progress
abroad, who shall say? But, that a conspiracy for the extinction of
Protestantism exists in Europe; that the ten foreign cardinals were
appointed to propagate the plan; and that it is to be defeated only
by vigilance and principle, there can be no doubt in the mind of any
rational being.
But, since we began this paper, two events have occurred, which,
trifling as they may be as to the individuals concerned, give too clear
an evidence of the spirit of Popery and public men to be wholly passed
by.
That excellent paper, the _Standard_, thus briefly states the first:
"In May 1845 the late Lady Pennant expressed to her parish minister
(the Rev. Mr Briscoe) her intention to build a church near her
residence, in Wales, for the use of her poor neighbours. This she
also stated to her daughter, who promised to fulfil it. This daughter
married Lord Fielding, and brought him a fortune, part of which, of
course, was apparently pledged to the building of the church. On Lady
Pennant's death, writes the Bishop of St Asaph to Lord Fielding--'You
publicly declared that you purposed to bestow a large sum of money in
founding a church, and all things belonging to it. _You invited me and
my clergy to join in laying the foundation._ You seemed to understand
it so. _We certainly understood it so_; and we received _the Lord's
Supper_ together, with this understanding.
"'Now, I must say, that I regard this as a promise made to me, and my
clergy, as solemnly as it could be made on earth.'
"Lord Fielding," says the _Standard_, "sets about the building,--plain
proof that he perfectly understood his duty. Before the completion of
the church, however, his Lordship falls into the hands of Tractarians,
who, as usual, deliver him over to Romanist priests, who furnish
him with the _miserable_ arguments, which, grounded on the two
extraordinary notions, that what a man promises as a Protestant he is
not bound to perform as a Papist, and that, no distinct fund having
been appropriated in Lady Pennant's will, he is not _bound_ to apply
any whatever--finishes by saying, 'My duty appears clear to me, to
devote that church which is being built at my own cost, and which yet
remains mine, to the furtherance of _God's truth_, as I find he himself
delivered it to his Holy Catholic Church.'"
So that the result of Lady Pennant's wish, and her money, left for a
Protestant church, is the building of a Popish chapel! and the result
of a Protestant bishop's laying the foundation, is the erection of
a place for the mass and the worship of the Virgin Mary! We disdain
comment on this transaction. But it is eminently _Popish_.
The other instance is the attendance of Mr Hawes, the Under Secretary
of State, at a congratulatory public meeting in honour of Dr Wiseman's
appointment as a cardinal, and his actually subscribing money to buy
him a _Red Hat_.
The office of Under Secretary, though not one of much public
consideration, and often given to persons of none whatever, is yet
regarded as extremely _confidential_; and, in the instance of Mr
Hawes, it has unusual weight, from his being the actual representative
of the Colonial Secretary in the House of Commons, Lord Grey being
in the House of Lords. But Mr Hawes is also understood to possess a
confidence _out_ of his Department, and to be on the most intimate
terms with the Premier. Indeed, the admiration of the Under Secretary
for the noble Lord, the delicate attention of generally escorting him
into the House, and seldom being able to remain in it after it has lost
the light of his Lordship's countenance--his ecstasy of admiration at
every sentence which slips from the Premier's lips, and the fixedness
of his eye on his Lordship's features during the sitting--have often
excited the surprise, and occasionally the amusement, of the members
of the Legislature. But that Mr Hawes should have attended a public
meeting, or done any one act on earth in which he conceived it possible
to have produced a frown on the noble Lord's brow--or, indeed, should
do anything without a consciousness of the most PERFECT acquiescence in
the most important quarter--was among the "grand improbabilities" of
the age. But Mr Hawes _did_ go to the meeting, and subscribed for what
our ancestors called a "rag of Popery," and what their sons call one of
its "mummeries."
On this subject a correspondent of the _Morning Chronicle_ writes the
following queries:--
"_Can_ Lord John Russell be _sincere_ in his new-born zeal against
what he pronounces the 'mummeries of superstition,' when he allows
one of his _subordinates_, Mr B. Hawes, M.P., to attend a meeting
of 'Catholics of the London district,' for the purpose of moving
a resolution," &c. He adds: "Let me ask his Lordship, is it true
that his Under Secretary for the Colonies, besides speaking at the
meeting, has publicly subscribed £10 towards procuring one of those
said 'mummeries'--a Cardinal's hat--for Dr Wiseman?" To this, the
only answer given by Mr Hawes is, that he declined signing the Popish
resolutions, but that he spoke, and offered to give his tribute, &c.,
from friendship to the Doctor; which this Papist, however, graciously
condescended to receive.
Now, if Mr Hawes were attending to his parental trade on this occasion,
there would have been nothing to say, but that it showed the smartness
of an expert trafficker. But, as a fragment of the Ministry, he had
another character to sustain, and he ought to have been aware of the
conclusions which would be drawn, by both Papists and Protestants, as
to the degree of approval under which he might have acted.
The "Cardinal's hat," too, by no means mends the matter. If his
_friendship_ for Dr Wiseman must overflow to the amount of £10, could
it have taken no less official shape? Might he not have made it up to
the Doctor in teacups or teaspoons, in a dozen of pocket-handkerchiefs,
or in an addition to his shoes and stockings? But the hat is a _badge_:
it has the effect of a _cockade_. What if it is a thing of red stuff?
What is a cockade?--a thing of ribbon--which, however, makes the
difference between armies!
Without any particular respect for Mr Hawes' shrewdness, we cannot
believe that he was unacquainted with the natural conclusions; nor
do we believe that it _can_ be passed over, when the day comes for
national inquiry into the whole course of Papal politics in England for
the last half-dozen years. Meanwhile, the spirit of the people is high,
their determination is decided, and the time is at hand for a great
restoration to the principles of England.
INDEX TO VOL. LXVIII.
Abinger, lord, 563.
Adelaide, madame, and Chateaubriand, 44, 45.
Adolphus, Mr, 553.
Afghanistan, Peel's conduct on the disasters in, 359.
AFRICA, NORTH, MILITARY LIFE IN, 415.
AFRICAN SPORTING, 231.
Agdolo, colonel, the case of, 343.
Agricultural Interest, state and prospects of the, 109.
Agricultural produce, comparative value of, 112
--amount of depreciation in it, 617
--direct and indirect burdens on it, 614.
Agriculture, capital invested in, 119
--and manufactures, comparative importance of, 115
--relations of small farming to, 675, _et seq._
Alderson, baron, 553, 559, 569.
Aldossar, captain, 311, _et seq._, 317.
Alexander, the emperor, and his father's dethronement, 338, _et
seq. passim_.
Alfieri, specimens of eloquence from, 649.
Algeria, sketches of the war in, 415.
Allen, rev. Mr, trial of, for duelling, 717.
ALTON LOCKE, review of, 592.
Andelot, brother of Coligny, 18.
ANNA HAMMER, 573.
ANCIENT AND MODERN ELOQUENCE, 645.
Anthony of Bourbon, 456, _et seq. passim_.
Antoinette de Bourbon, 2.
Architecture, mediæval, on, 219.
Aristotle, his definition of the poet, 480.
Army, errors of Louis XVIII. regarding the, 35
--the Prussian, rise of, 519.
Art, increasing taste for, in Great Britain, 77
--early, its absorption in architecture, 219.
Aumale, Francis, count d', 7
--his career, 9, _et seq._
--the duke d', his power, popularity, &c. 12.
Austria, state of exports of cotton to, 127
--and of imports of corn from, 130
--the war between, and Frederick the Great, 522, _et seq._
--and Hungary, conduct of Great Britain regarding, 329
--and Sardinia, 327.
Aytoun, William, the architect of Heriot's hospital, 227.
Bacon, account of, by Symonds d'Ewes, 142
--his definition of the poet, 486.
Balafré duke of Guise, 19.
Bar, the English, Ledru Rollin on, 170.
BARONIAL AND ECCLESIASTICAL Antiquities of Scotland, the, 217.
Bayley, baron, on duelling, 719.
Bean, the attack on the queen by, 552.
Bechuanas, sketches of the, 237.
Belgium, state of, exports of cotton to, 127
--and of imports of corn from, 129.
Bellingham, the case of, 564.
Benningsen, general, 338, 341, _et seq._
Bentinck, lord George, exposure of free trade statistics by, 123.
Bèze, Theodore de, anecdote of, 460.
BILLINGS' ANTIQUITIES OF SCOTLAND, 217.
BISSET'S MEMOIRS OF SIR A. MITCHELL, 516.
Bodkin, Mr, counsel for Oxford, 553.
Bolza, count Joseph, 344.
Borthwick castle, ruins of, 226.
Bossuet, example of the oratory of, 656.
BOUILLÉ'S lives of the Guises, vol. i., 1
--vol. ii., 456.
Bourbon, the constable of, 4.
Bourbon and Guise, struggles between the houses of, 456.
Bourbons, difficulties of the, on the restoration, 36.
Brandenburg, the electorate of, 517.
Brantôme, account of the cardinal of Lorraine, by, 8.
Brazil, state of exports of cotton to, 133.
Brick duty, repeal of the, 612.
BRITAIN, THE DEFENCES OF, 713.
British farmer, position of, compared with the foreign, 615, 682.
Brougham, lord, and the criminal law reform, 357
--his speech on the Durham clergy case, 378, 655
--on ancient and modern eloquence, 657.
BULAU, PROFESSOR, his work on the Mysteries of History, 335.
Buller, Mr Justice, on duelling, 717.
Bullion committee, and its report, 360.
Buonaparte, Lucien, and madame Recamier, 42.
Buonaparte, Napoleon, the return of, from Elba, 37
--character of, by Chateaubriand, _ib._
--Chateaubriand on his fall, 39
--persecution of madame Recamier by, 40
--and the Bourbons, Chateaubriand's pamphlet on, 34.
Burke, example of the oratory of, 654.
BURNET'S LANDSCAPE PAINTING IN OIL, 185.
Caerlaveroc castle, ruins of, 225.
Calderon, the dramas of, 539.
Calisto y Meliboea, drama of, 536.
Cameleopard, hunting the, 238.
Campbell, sir John, at Frost's trial, 379, _et seq._
--counsel on Oxford's case, 553
--and on Lord Cardigan's, 725
--his Lives of the Chancellors, &c., 374, _note_.
Canada, Rollin on the conduct of England toward, 166.
Canning, political intrigue of, 211.
Capital, agricultural and manufacturing, 119
--recent legislation directed to favour, 115.
Capitalists, English, Rollin on, 168
--Peel's connection with the, 362.
Caracci, landscape style of the, 192, 193.
Cardigan, the earl of, trial of, 377, 720.
Cardonnel, Adam de, Scottish views by, 228.
Cash payments, the resumption of, in 1819, 360.
CASTELLANE'S MILITARY LIFE IN NORTH AFRICA, 415.
Catherine of Medicis, 456, _et seq. passim_.
Catholic question, Palmerston's speech on the, 215
--Peel's conduct on the, 355, 363.
Catholic emancipation, results of, 363.
Catiline, speeches of, from Sallust, 652.
Cattle, decline in the value of, 108.
Cavaignac in Algeria, 417, 418.
Cavalry, on the use of, 531.
CAXTON, PISISTRATUS, My Novel by, part i., 247
--part ii., 393
--part iii., 499
--part iv., 627.
Celestina, the drama of, 535.
Changarnier, general, in Algeria, 417.
Charles V., war between, and Francis I., 4
--siege of Metz by, 14.
Charles IX., notices of, 458, _et seq. passim_
--his death, 471.
Charles X., Chateaubriand's loyalty to, 43.
Charles, cardinal of Lorraine, character and career of, 11, 14.
Chartist outbreak, the trials for, 381.
CHATEAUBRIAND'S MEMOIRS, 33.
CHESS MATCH, THE LONDON AND EDINBURGH, 97.
Chess player's Chronicle, the, on the London and Edinburgh match, 100.
China, state of exports of cotton to, 127
--Peel's conduct regarding the war in, 359.
Christoval de Vines, the dramas of, 538.
Cicero, the representative of Roman oratory, 645
--on the education of the orator, 660.
Civilisation, influence of peasant properties on, 678.
Clairvoyance, remarks on, 275.
Claude, duke of Guise, career of, 2
--his death, 13.
Claude Lorraine, the landscapes of, 192, 193.
Clergy, the English, Ledru Rollin on, 169.
Coal as a pigment, on, 187.
Cockburn, Mr, counsel for M'Naughten, 564, 565.
Coelius, the oratory of, 658.
Coleridge, Mr Justice, 564.
Coligny, admiral, sketches of, 16, _et seq._, 456, _et seq. passim_
--his murder, 470.
Commerce, British, injury inflicted on, by intervention abroad, 324.
Commercial crisis of 1847, the, 124.
Condamine, Charles Marie de la, 352.
Condé, the prince of, 456, _et seq. passim_
--his death, 468.
Constant, B., sketch of Madame Recamier by, 41.
Convulsionnaires, the, 352.
Cordiner's Scottish views, on, 228.
Corn, importations of, compared with exports of cotton, 128.
Corn laws, Peel's conduct regarding the, 355
--false application of political economy shown in the repeal of, 672
--Laing on, 682, _et seq._
Corneille, the declamation of, 648.
Cosel, the countess, 348.
Cotton manufactures, relations of free trade to, 123, _et seq._
--effects of free trade on, 126, _et seq._
--exports of, compared with imports of corn, 128
--exports of, at various times, 124, 125
--yarn, exports of, 1845 and 1848, 126.
COURTSHIP IN THE TIME OF JAMES I., 141.
Courvoisier, the trial of, 378
--sketch of, 545.
Cox, D., the water-colour painter, 186.
Craniology, fundamental error of, 266.
Crichton castle, architecture of, 225.
Crime, true causes of the increase of, 357.
Criminal, responsibility of the, 547, _et seq._, 712.
Criminal law, Peel's reform in the, 357.
Croix, madame de la, 351.
CROWE'S NIGHT SIDE OF NATURE, review of, 265.
Crowther, lieut., the duelling case of, 719.
Cultivation, effects of peasant properties on, 675, _et seq._
CUMMING'S SOUTH AFRICA, 231.
Currency measures of 1819, Peel's, 360.
Dairsie, church of, 224.
DAISY, the, by ®D®, 471.
Daun, Marshal, defeat of, at Leuthen, 529.
Debt, effects of the resumption of cash payments on, 361.
DEFENCES OF BRITAIN, THE, 713.
Delta, a Wild-Flower Garland by
--The Daisy, 471
--The White Rose, 472
--The Sweetbriar, _ib._
--The Wallflower, 473.
Demosthenes, the representative of Greek oratory, 645
--example of his, 653.
Denman, Lord, Oxford tried before, 553
--and Lord Cardigan, 725.
Denmark, conduct of Britain to, 328.
Despotic governments, danger of revolutionary fervour to, 321
--oratory impossible under, 647.
D'Ewes, Symonds, the courtship of, 114.
Dewint, the water-colour painter, 186.
Diana of Poitiers, notices of, 11, 456.
DIES BOREALES. No. VIII.
--Christopher under Canvass, 479
--on Dugald Stewart's ideal of the Poet, 480, _et seq._
Direct taxes, distribution of the, 614.
Direct and indirect taxation, on, 623.
Doppelgangers, on, 273, 276.
Domenichino, the style of, 192, 193.
Drama, the English and Spanish, connection between, 537
--the modern, the declamation of, 648.
Dramatic art, capabilities of the French for, 415.
Dreams, on, 273.
Dresden, the Austrian siege of, 532.
Dreux, the battle of, 461.
Drummond, Mr, M'Naughten's trial for the murder of, 561.
Duelling, trials for, 712.
Dutch school of landscape, the, 191.
East, oratory unknown in the, 659.
Ecclesiastical architecture, on, 217.
Economist, the, on the American President's message, 132
--on the increased exports to the East, 134
--on the state of the home market, 135.
EDINBURGH AND LONDON CHESS MATCH, the, 97.
Egypt, state of exports of cotton to, 127
--and of import of corn from, 130.
Elephant, hunting the, 239.
Elgin cathedral, state of, 220.
Ellenborough, lord, on our foreign policy, 334.
Elliott, the duelling case of, 717.
ELOQUENCE, ANCIENT AND MODERN, 645.
ENGLAND, LEDRU ROLLIN, ON, 160
--THE POPISH PARTITION OF, 745
--taste for landscape painting in, 185
--the water-colour painters of, 186
--neglect of Spanish literature in, 535
--defective training to oratory in, 662
--modern style of it in, 666
--extent of unimproved land in, 686.
English church, Ledru Rollin on the, 168
--drama, connection of, with the Spanish, 537.
Erskine, Mr, defence of Hadfield by, 552
--example of the oratory of, 655.
EUROPE, LAING'S OBSERVATIONS ON, 671
--importance of oratory in, 659
--extent of unimproved land in, 686.
EXHIBITION OF 1851, THE, 278
--of paintings, the, 77.
Factories, number of, in the United States, 132.
FAMILY FEUD, A, 174.
Farmers, loss sustained by the, through free trade, 112
--their conduct toward their landlords, 113
--their condition as purchasers of manufactures, 135
--mode of assessing them for the income-tax, 620.
Figueroa, denunciations of the drama by, 539.
Fittler's Scotia Depicta, on, 228.
Flamboyant architecture, the, in Scotland, 224.
Flanders, the peasant proprietors of, 675, _et seq._
Flemish school of landscape painting, the, 191.
Flemming, colonel, sketches of, 348.
Follett, sir W., 564, 726, _et seq._
FOREIGN AFFAIRS, 319.
Foreign farmer, advantages of the position of the, 615, 683.
Foreign policy, Peel's, review of, 360.
Forey, major, in Africa, 417, 418.
Forsyth's Beauties of Scotland, on, 228.
Fouché, aversion of Chateaubriand to, 38.
Fouvert, fidelity of, to the duke of Guise, 3.
Fox, sketch of, by Ward, 207
--the accession and fall of, 214.
France during the sixteenth century, connection of the Guises
with, 1, _et seq._, 456, _et seq._
--impatience of repose in, 36
--state of exports of cotton to, 127
--and of imports of corn from, _ib._
--moderation of England toward, 161
--defence of, by Ledru Rollin, 164
--rapid changes of property in, 168
--aggressive spirit of, 319
--English institutions unadapted to, 320
--value of Prussia as a barrier against, 516
--neglect of Spanish literature in, 535.
Francis I., sketches of, 2, _et seq._
--his death, 11.
Francis II., notices of, 456, _et seq. passim_.
Francis of Lorraine, death of, 5.
Francis, the attack on the Queen by, 552.
Frederick the Great, career of, 520.
Frederick William I., character of, 518
--II., character, &c. of, _ib. et seq._
FREE-TRADE AND OUR COTTON MANUFACTURES, 123
--depreciation of agricultural produce under, 112
--review of Peel's conduct regarding, 365
--relations of taxation to, 617.
Free-traders, representations of, regarding the state of the country, 106
--their encomiums on sir R. Peel, 354.
FREEDOM, THE MASQUERADE OF, 475.
FRENCH WARS OF RELIGION, the, 456
--tragedy, the perfection of, 647.
French, military abilities of the, 415.
Frost, the trial of, 379.
Funds, taxation of the, 620.
Galgacus, the speech of, 651.
Game-law revolt in Saxony, 347.
Gemsbok, description of the, 234.
George III., Hadfield's attack on, 551.
Germany, courts of, sketches of, 348.
Gibbon's political economy, on, 620, _note_.
Gil of the green trousers, drama of, 543.
Girtin the painter, 186.
Glasgow Daily Mail, letter from the, on recent legislation, 138
--on the exhibition of 1851, 286, 288.
Glockner, a Bavarian adventurer, 429.
Gouge, rev. Mr, 142, _et seq. passim_.
Graham, sir James, views of, regarding the prices of grain, 107.
Grain, views of the free-traders regarding prices of, 107.
Grattan, Mr, the oratory of, 656.
GREAT BRITAIN, THE DEFENCES OF, 736,
--increasing taste for art in, 77
--prices at which wheat can be grown at in, 109
--her moderation toward France, 161
--Rollin on her conduct in the opening of the war, 164
--extent of her interests, 319
--effects on herself of her intervention in the Peninsula, 323
--encouragement given by her to foreign liberalism, 324
--her defenceless state, 333
--Prussia her natural ally, 516.
GREAT UNKNOWN, THE, 698.
Greece, conduct of Britain toward, 330.
Greek oratory, Demosthenes the representative of, 645.
Green, the dramas of, 538.
GREEN HAND, the, a short yarn, part xi., 48
--part xii., 291
--a wind-up, 433.
Gregory, professor, his translation of Reichenbach's researches,
265, _et seq._
Grose's Scottish antiquities, on, 228.
GUISE, BOUILLÉ'S LIVES of the House of, vol i., 1
--vol. ii., 456
--Claude, duke of, 2, _et seq._
--Francis, 9, _et seq._; 457, _et seq. passim_
--his murder, 464
--and Bourbon, struggle between the houses of, 456.
Gurney, baron, 548, 553.
Hadfield, James, the attack on George III. by, 551.
Hamilton, W., the attack on the Queen by, 553.
HAMM'S CAMPAIGN IN SCHLESWIG-HOLSTEIN, 308.
Hanover, exports of cotton to, 127.
Hanse Towns, exports of cotton to, 127.
Hardenberg, Prince, the territorial reforms of, 680.
Havil, the water-colour painter, 186.
HEAD'S DEFENCELESS STATE OF BRITAIN, 736.
Helsham, Captain, trial of, 719.
Henry VIII., enmity of, to the Guises, 9.
Henry II. of France, notices of, 11, _et seq._
--III., 467, _et seq._
--IV., 468, _et seq._
--V., Chateaubriand's speech for, 46.
Henry of Guise, character, &c. of, 465.
Heriot's hospital, architecture of, 227.
High treason, trial of Frost for, 379
Tindal's definition of, 380.
HISTORY, THE MYSTERIES of, 335.
Hobbima, the style of, 88, 193.
Hobert, chief-justice, 144, _et seq. passim_.
Hohenstein, game-law revolt at, 347.
Holland, state of exports of cotton to, 127
--and of imports of corn, 129.
Home market, value of the, 134.
Horace on the Poet, 493.
Hotham, baron, on duelling, 716.
HOURS IN SPAIN, 534.
HOUSE OF GUISE, the, 1, 456.
Huguenots, the wars with the, 456, _et seq._
--massacre of, at Vassy, 459.
Hungarian exiles, interference of England on behalf of the, 329.
Hungary, conduct of Great Britain regarding, 329.
Imagination, Dugald Stewart on, 480.
INCOME-TAX, RENEWAL OF THE, 611
--Peel's conduct in imposing, 359
--inequalities in assessment of, 620.
India, state of exports of cotton to, 127
--of exports and imports, 134
--growth of British power in, 163
--Peel's conduct regarding, 359.
Indirect taxation, pressure of, on agricultural produce, 614
--and direct, comparison of, 623.
INDUSTRY OF THE PEOPLE, the, 106
--mutual dependence of various branches of, 115.
Inheritance, law of, relations of small properties to, 679.
Insanity in connection with crime, on, 547, _et seq._, 712.
Intervention, the system of, 322, _et seq._
Ireland, English institutions unadapted to, 320
--police force introduced by Peel into, 356
--results of Catholic emancipation in, 363
--exemption of, from the income-tax, 622.
Italian school of landscape painting, the, 191, 192.
Italy, the French invasion of, under Francis I., 3
--Palmerston's defence of his policy toward, 326.
Jackson, Cyril, 201.
JAMES I., COURTSHIP IN THE TIME OF, 141.
Jarnac, battle of, 468.
Jeffcott, the duelling case of, 717.
JEW BILL, THE, 73.
Jew, reasons against admission of, to the legislature, 73
--the modern, his character, 599.
Joinville, Henry prince of, 19.
John, cardinal of Lorraine, character and career of, 7
--his death, 13.
Johnson on duelling, 714.
Jones, Inigo, not the architect of Heriot's hospital, 227.
Jones, trial of, with Frost, 381, _et seq._
JOURNALISM, A LECTURE ON, 691.
Juan de la Cueva, the dramas of, 538.
Judges, Townsend's Lives of the, 374
--decision of the, regarding insanity, 549.
Jury trial in England, Rollin on, 168.
Jutland, sketches of, 315.
Kabyles, contests of the French with the, 417.
Kelly, Mr Fitzroy, 388, _et seq._
Kerr, R., letter from, on the exhibition of 1851, 286, 288.
Kinkel, Godfrey, a Family Feud by, 174.
Kolin, battle of, 526.
Kuruman, missionary station of, 237.
Labourers, effects of free trade on, 136.
LA DECADENCE D'ANGLETERRE, Ledru Rollin's, 160.
La Harpe and Madame Recamier, 41.
LAING'S OBSERVATIONS ON EUROPE, 671.
Land, unimproved, in England and the Continent, 686.
Landed interest, burdens on the, 614.
Landed property, transfer of, 168.
Landlords, prospects of the, 109
--apathy of, toward their tenantry, 113.
LANDSCAPE PAINTING IN OIL, 185.
Landscape, passion for, in England, 185.
Latour Maubourg, general, 34.
Lawyers, English, Rollin on, 170.
LECTURE ON JOURNALISM, A, 691.
LEDRU ROLLIN ON ENGLAND, 160.
Legislature, reasons against the admission of the Jew to, 74.
Leuthen, battle of, 529.
Lewis, Mr, on the London and Edinburgh chess match, 101.
Liberal institutions, danger of forcing, on nations unprepared, 320.
Liberty, necessity of, to oratory, 646.
Lion, hunting the, 235, 236.
Litakoo, missionary station of, 237.
Lombardy, conduct of Palmerston regarding, 327.
LONDON AND EDINBURGH CHESS MATCH, the, 97.
London, increasing taste for pictures in, 77
--sketch of, by Ledru Rollin, 162
--police force, established by Peel, 357.
Lope de Vega, the dramas of, 539.
Lords, trial of Lord Cardigan before the, 725.
Lorraine, celebrity of the house of, 1
--Francis of, slain at Pavia, 5
--John, cardinal of, 7
--and Charles II., 456, _et seq. passim_, 466.
Louis XII., marriage and death of, 2.
Louis XVIII., the entry of, into Paris, 35
--his difficulties, 36
--conversation of Chateaubriand with, 38.
Louis Philippe, fall of, foreseen by Chateaubriand, 44
--remarkable interviews between them, _ib. et seq._
Louvre, the exhibition in the, 77.
Ludlow, sergeant, at Frost's trial, 380.
Macaulay on the restoration of the Bourbons, 36.
Mackintosh, sir James, and the reforms in criminal law, 357.
M'Naughten, the trial of, for murder, 378, 548, 561
--interview with, 570.
Madness, degree of, necessary to exonerate from crime, 547, _et seq._
Magnetism, Reichenbach's researches in, 266.
Malta, state of exports of cotton to, 127.
Manchester economists, the, 124.
Mansurow, colonel, 339, 341.
Manufacturers and agriculturists, comparative numbers of the, 115.
Manufactures, capital invested in, 119
--alleged value of the proposed exhibition to, 278
--the income tax imposed for behoof of, 612
--direct burdens on, 614.
Marignano, the battle of, 3.
Marin, lieutenant, 339, 341.
Marlow, the dramas of, 538.
Mary, the empress, wife of Paul, 343.
MASQUERADE OF FREEDOM, the, 475.
Massena and Madame Recamier, 41.
Maule, Mr, 383.
Maule, Mr justice, 553.
Mayenne, the marquis of, 11.
Mayo, Dr, his letters on popular superstitions, 274.
Megulp as a varnish, on, 195.
Méré, Poltrot de, the assassin of Guise, 464.
Mesmeric trance, theory &c. of the, 274.
Metz, defence of, by Guise, 14.
Mexico, exports of cotton to, 133.
Milanese, conquest of the, by Francis I., 3.
Milianah, combat at, 417
--sieges &c. of, 422.
MILITARY LIFE IN NORTH AFRICA, 415
--art, capabilities of the French for the, _ib._
Ministry, probable policy of the, regarding the income tax, 611.
Minto, lord, proceedings of, in Italy, 326.
Mirfin, the duelling case of, 717.
MITCHELL, SIR ANDREW, THE MEMOIRS OF, 516.
MODERN STATE TRIALS, part i., Frost, &c., 373
--part ii., Oxford and M'Naughten, 545
--part iii., Duelling, 712.
Mohamed Ould Caid Osman, adventures &c. of, 426.
Moncontour, battle of, 469.
Montesquiou, murder of Condé by, 468.
Montluc, a partisan of the Guises, 18, _et seq._
Montmorency, the constable de, 17, 456, _et seq. passim_
--his death, 467.
Moral insanity, the modern dogma of, 558.
Mulgrave, lord, 205, _et seq. passim_.
MY NOVEL, by Pisistratus Caxton
--initial chapter, showing how my novel came to be written, 247
--chap. ii., 250
--chap. iii., 252
--chap. iv., 254
--chap. v., 256
--chap. vi., 257
--chap. vii., 258
--chap. viii., 260
--chap. ix., 261
--chap. x., 393
--chap. xi., 399
--chap. xii., 405
--chap. xiii., 414
--Book II., initial chapter, showing how this book came to have
initial chapters, 499
--chap. ii., 500
--chap. iii., 504
--chap. iv., 507
--chap. v., 508
--chap. vi., 511
--chap. vii., 627
--chap. viii., 630
--chap. ix., 632
--chap. x., 634
--chap. xi., 638
--chap. xii., 640.
MY PENINSULAR MEDAL, part viii., chap. xix., 20
--chap. xx., and last, 22.
MYSTERIES OF HISTORY, the, 335.
Naples, state of exports of cotton to, 127
--lord Minto's proceedings at, 326.
Napoleon, resistance in Spain to, 534.
National debt, objects of the radicals regarding the, 109.
National industry, probable effects of the exhibition of 1851 on, 283.
National institute, exhibition of the, 77.
Newgate chapel, a visit to, 545.
New Holland, exports of cotton to, 127.
Newport, the chartist outbreak at, 381.
NIGHT SIDE OF NATURE, the, 265.
Norman architecture, remains of, in Scotland, 223.
NORTH AFRICA, MILITARY LIFE IN, 415.
OIL, LANDSCAPE PAINTING IN, by Burnet, 185
--and water colours, comparison between, 190.
Omars, the, an Arab tribe, 423.
Oratory, extent of powers necessary for, 645
--ancient study of, 660.
Orleans, the duchess of, and Chateaubriand, 44, 45.
Oryx, description of the, 234.
Oued Foddha, combat of, 417.
Oxford, E., sketch of, 546
--the case of, 548, 551, 553, _et seq._
--interview with, 571.
Pacifico, M., 330.
Pahlen, count, 337, _et seq._
Paintings, the exhibitions of, 77.
Palmerston, lord, the first appearance of, 214
--on the probable prices of grain, 107
--defence of the Spanish intervention by, 322, _et seq._
--on the state of Spain, 325
--on that of Italy, 326
--account of the Greek affair by, 330.
Panin, count, 338.
Paré, Ambrose, 10.
Paris, entry of Louis XVIII. into, 35
--removal of Napoleon's remains to, 39.
Parke, Mr Baron, at Frost's trial, 380.
Parker, admiral, his proceedings at Sicily, 326
--interference of, on behalf of Turkey, 330
--in Greece, 331.
Parliament, Peel's appearances in, 368
--the style of eloquence in, 667.
Pate, Robert, the attack on the queen by, 553, 569.
Patteson, Mr Justice, on duelling, 717.
Paul, the emperor, history of the dethronement and death of, 336.
Pavia, the battle of, 5.
Peasant properties, the advantages and disadvantages of, 675, _et seq._
Peasantry, state of the, in Saxony, 347.
PEEL, SIR ROBERT, 354
--his anticipations regarding the price of grain, 107
--character of the legislation of, 115
--circumstances under which he imposed the income tax, 612
--on taxing the funds, 621.
Peninsula, intervention in the, 322.
Pennant's Scottish views, on, 228.
Perceval, Palmerston first brought forward by, 214
--Bellingham's trial for the murder of, 564.
Pericles, example of the oratory of, 653.
Peronne, relief of, by Guise, 7.
PHIPPS' MEMOIRS OF R. P. WARD, review of, 199.
Phrenology, fundamental error of, 266.
Physicians, the, on moral insanity, 548.
PICTURES OF THE SEASON, the, 77.
Pious Martha, the drama of, 542.
Pirna, Frederick the Great at, 524.
Pitt, charges of Ledru Rollin against, 164
--ancedote of, in connection with the treason trials, 203
--letter of, on the peace of Amiens, 209
--letter to R. P. Ward from, 210
--intrigue of Canning regarding, 211.
Poet, the, on Dugald Stewart's ideal of the, 480, _et seq._
--Horace on the, 493, _et seq._
Poland, persecution of the Protestants in, 519, 520.
Police, introduction of the system of, 356.
POLITICAL AND LITERARY BIOGRAPHY, 199.
Political economy, misapplications of, by travellers, 671.
Pollock, sir F., 380, _et seq._, 553.
Popery, effects of, on Spanish literature, 534.
POPISH PARTITION OF ENGLAND, THE, 745.
Population, classification of the, 116, 117.
Porter, misstatements of, regarding agriculturists and
manufacturers, 116.
Portland gallery, exhibition of paintings in the, 77.
Portland ministry, the, 214.
Portugal, state of exports of cotton to, 127
--Palmerston on the intervention in, 322.
Poussin, Gaspar, the landscapes of, 192, 194.
Pragmatic Sanction, the, 522.
Prague, the battle of, 526.
Presentiment, on, 273.
Produce, dependence of revenue on, 614.
Propagandism, system of, 320.
PROPOSED EXHIBITION OF 1851, the, 278.
Protestantism, first blows at, in France, 6
--Prussia the champion of, 519.
PRUSSIA, THE RISE, POLITICS, AND POWER OF, 516
--Hardenberg's territorial reforms in, 680.
Pulpit eloquence, defects of, 668.
Purefoy, Mr, trial of, 716.
Puritans in the time of James I., the, 141.
Quarterly Review, the, on the London and Edinburgh chess match,
98, _et seq._
Queen, Oxford's trial for shooting at the, 551.
Quintilian on oratory, 660
--on training for it, 661.
Radicals, objects of the, regarding the national debt, 109.
Railway crisis, effects of the, 125
--losses, use made of, by the free-traders, 135.
Ramsay, Mr, on peasant properties, 678.
Rantzau, count, free corps under, 311.
Recamier, madame, 40.
Reform bill, Peel's conduct regarding the, 358.
Reichel, Mdlle, 268, 269.
REICHENBACH'S RESEARCHES, review of, 265.
RELIGION, FRENCH WARS OF, 456.
Rembrandt, the landscapes of, 192.
RENEWAL OF THE INCOME-TAX, the, 611.
Republican spirit, aggressive character of the, 319.
Restoration, Chateaubriand at the, 34
--his account of its errors, 35
--difficulties of the government of, 36.
Revenue, dependence of, on produce, 614.
Revolution, alleged influence of, on commerce, 128, _et seq._
--propagandist system of, 320
--of 1830, Chateaubriand's conduct during the, 43.
Rhinoceros, hunting the, 238, 244.
Ribain, captain, 417, 419.
Ricot, lieut., death of, 418.
Rivas, admiral, 338, 339.
Robertson on duelling, 714.
Robespierre, the oratory of, 657.
ROLLIN, LEDRU, ON ENGLAND, 160.
Roman oratory, Cicero the representative of, 645.
Romantic drama, Tellez on the, 540.
Romilly and the reforms in criminal law, 357.
Rosbach, battle of, 528.
Rouen, the siege of, 460, 461.
Royal Academy, exhibition of the, 77, _et seq._
Rubens, the landscapes of, 197.
Russell, lord John, on the probable prices of grain, 107.
Russia, state of exports of cotton to, 127
--history of the Revolution of 1801 in, 336
--value of Prussia as a barrier against, 516.
Rutowski, the countess, 344.
Ruysdael, the paintings of, 88, 194.
Sacken, count, Saxon minister, 344.
St André, marshal, death of, 463.
St Denis, battle of, 467.
St Helena, the removal of Napoleon's remains from, 39.
St Michael's palace, description of, 340.
St Quentin, battle of, 17.
St Vallier, the count of, 9.
Sallust, speeches of Catiline from, 652.
Salvator Rosa, the style of, 193.
Sandal wood tree, the, 238.
Sardinia, state of exports of cotton to, 127
--conduct of Palmerston toward, 327.
Saxony, sketches of court of, 344.
Science, love of the marvellous in, 265.
Schiller, examples of eloquence from, 650.
SCHLESWIG-HOLSTEIN, sketches and episodes of campaign in, 308
--conduct of Great Britain regarding, 328.
Schwerin, marshal, death of, 526.
SCOTLAND, BARONIAL AND ECCLESIASTICAL ANTIQUITIES OF, 217.
Scott's provincial antiquities, on, 228.
Self-seeing, on, 273.
Shakspeare, acquaintance of, with the Spanish drama, 536
--specimens of eloquence from, 649.
Sicily, Minto's proceedings in, 326.
Sidi Embarek, the, an Arab tribe, 425.
Sidmouth, lord, intrigue of Canning against, 211.
Siquot, Alfred, sketch of, 425.
Sketching, colour-box for, 187, 190
Sleep, Reichenbach's theory of, 269.
Slezer, John, his views of Scottish castles, &c., 220, 227.
Small farms, advantages and disadvantages of, 675, _et seq._
Society of British artists, exhibition of the, 77.
Somnambulism, theory of, 274.
Souaves, the, an African corps, 416.
Soubise, prince of, at Rosbach, 528.
South America, exports of cotton to, 133.
Sovereign, state of the law regarding attacks on the, 551.
Spackman, classification of the population by, 116, 117.
Spahis, the Algerian, 416
--of Mascara, 425.
SPAIN, HOURS IN, 534
--exports of cotton to, 127
--Rollin on the conduct of England toward, 166
--the intervention on behalf of, 323
--heroism shown by, at various times, 534.
Spanish America, the attempt to introduce liberal institutions into, 320
--literature and drama, 534
--treasure frigates, affair of the, 212.
SPORTING IN SOUTH AFRICA, 231
--alleged inhumanity of, 241.
Springboks, migration of the, 234.
Statistics, true value of, &c., 123.
Staunton, Mr, on the London and Edinburgh chess match, 100.
Stewart, Dugald, on his ideal of the poet, 480.
Strozzi, marshal, death of, 18.
Stuart, James, the trial of, 468
--Robert, murder of, 378.
Suavey, Christoval, 599.
SWEET BRIAR, the, by ®D®, 472.
Tacitus, the speech of Galgacus from, 651.
Tailors, the working, state of, 598.
Talbanow, colonel, 339, 341.
Talbot, Hon. J. C., at Frost's trial, 380.
Talfourd, Mr Justice, 380.
Talizin, general, 338, 340.
Talleyrand, Chateaubriand's aversion to, 38.
Tartas, colonel, 428.
Tatarinow, general, 339, 341.
Taxation, necessity for adjustment of, 613
--on direct and indirect, 623.
Taxes, present distribution of, 614.
Taylor, president, protectionist policy advocated by, 131
--Mr Sidney, counsel for Oxford, 553.
Taylor's medical jurisprudence, on insanity, 550
--on the case of M'Naughten, 567.
Telémaque, democratic character of, 647.
Tellez, Gabriel, 539.
TEMPLE OF FOLLY, the, 229.
Tempoure, general, 427.
Therouenne, siege of, by the Germans, 16.
Thiébault, sketch of Mitchell by, 523.
Thionville, siege of, 18.
Tindal, chief-justice, 380, 564.
Titian, the landscape style of, 192, 195.
Tirso de Molina, the dramas of, 539.
Toulon, lord Mulgrave at, 205.
Towie castle, architecture of, 225.
TOWNSEND'S STATE TRIALS, Part I., 373
--Part II., 545
--Part III., 712
--sketch of the author's career, 373.
Trees, Burnet on painting, 195.
Tschitscherin, general, 339, 341.
Tuckett, captain, the duelling case of, 720.
Turkey, exports of cotton to, 127
--interference of Britain on behalf of, 329.
Turner, paintings by, in present exhibition, 81
--the water-colour paintings of, 186.
United States, expectations of the free-traders from the, 130
--their protectionist policy, _ib._
--factories in, 132
--imports of grain from, and exports of cotton to, 133
--aggressive spirit of, 319.
Universities, the English, Ledru Rollin on, 170
--value of the, 201
--defective system of, as regards oratory, 669.
Utrecht, treaty of, violation of, 323.
Valée, marshal, in Algeria, 422.
Vandervelde, the sea pieces of, 198.
Varley, John, the painter, 186.
Vassy, the massacre of, 459.
Vaughan, baron, on duelling, 718.
Vernet the painter, anecdote of, 421.
Vivonne, François de, death of, 12.
Von Ende, Saxon minister, 344.
Von Sachsen, duchess, the court of, 348.
Wages, state of, 136.
Waldgrave, Miss Jemima, 144, _et seq._
--lady, 151, _et seq. passim_.
WALLFLOWER, the, by ®D®, 473.
WARD, R. P., MEMOIRS OF, reviewed, 199.
Water, sketching of, 188.
Water-colour painting, the English school of, 186.
Water colours and oil, comparison between, 190.
Wealth, classification of the creation of, 117
--not the greatest social good, 673.
Whately on social advancement, 673.
Wheat, loss on cultivation of, 109.
Whig ministry, attempts of the, regarding the income tax, 619.
Whigs, state of the, under Fox, 206.
WHITE ROSE, the, by ®D®, 472.
WHO ROLLED THE POWDER IN? 689.
Wightman, Mr Justice, 380, 553.
WILD FLOWER GARLAND, a, by ®D®
--The daisy, 471
--the white rose, 472
--the sweetbriar, _ib._
--the wallflower, 473.
Wilde, sir T., 379, _et seq._, 553, 559.
Williams, Ambrose, the trial of, 378, 381 _et seq._
--Mr Justice, 380, 564.
Wilson, the landscape painter, 192.
Wood carving, mediæval, 217.
Working classes, condition of the, 594, _et seq. passim_.
Wordsworth on the aim of poetry, 490.
Wostitz, general, death of, 529.
Wrangel, general, 313.
YEAR OF SORROW, the
--Ireland. Spring Song, 93
--Autumnal Dirge, 94
--Winter Dirge, 95.
Yeschwel, colonel, 339, 341.
Zehmin, baron, 345.
Zorndorf, the battle of, 531.
Zoubow, the brothers, 338, _et seq._
_Printed by William Blackwood & Sons, Edinburgh._
* * * * *
FOOTNOTES:
[1] By the pounds Milanese, Giacomo means the Milanese lira.
[2] JEREMY TAYLOR--_Of Christian Prudence._ Part II.
[3] Ib.
[4] This was well known in ancient times. "Corruptas," says
Quintilian, "aliquando et vitiosas orationes, quas tamen plerique
judiciorum pravitate mirantur, quam multa impropria, obscura, tumida,
humilia, sordida, lasciva, effeminata sunt; quæ non laudantur modo a
plerisque, sed quod pejus est, _propter hoc ipsum, quod sunt prava
laudantur."--Inst. Orat_. ii. 5.
[5] _Cinna_, Act ii. s. 1.
"Quelle prodigieuse supériorité," says Voltaire in his _Commentaries_
on this passage, "de la belle Poésie sur la prose! Tous les écrivains
politiques ont délayé ces pensées, aucun n'a approché de la force,
de la profondeur, de la netteté, de la précision de ce discours de
Cinna. Tous les corps d'état auraient du assister a cette pièce,
pour apprendre à penser et à parler."--VOLTAIRE, _Commentaires sur
Corneille_, iii. 308.
[6] CORNEILLE, _Attila_, Act ii. s. 5.
[7] _Julius Cæsar_, Act iii. s. 2.
[8] _Virginia_, Act i. s. 3.
[9] _Agricola_, c. 31, 32.
[10] SALLUST, _Bell. Cat._
[11] SALLUST, _Bell. Cat._
[12] QUINTILIAN, lib. iv. 2.
[13] _De Coronâ, Orat. Græc._ i. 315, 325.
[14] THUCYDIDES, ii. § 32, 33.
[15] _Paradise Regained_, iv. 268.
[16] BURKE'S _Works_, vol. xvi. pages 415, 416, 417, 418, 420.
[17] BROUGHAM'S _Speeches_, i. 227, 228.
[18] ERSKINE'S _Speeches_, ii. 263.
[19] GRATTAN'S _Speeches_, i. 52, 53.
[20] BOSSUET, _Oraisons Funèbres_.
[21] _Hist. Parl._, xxxiii. 406.
[22] Lord Brougham on the Eloquence of the Ancients. _Speeches_, iv.
379, 445, 446.
[23] "Quis enim nescit, maximam vim existere oratoris in hominum
mentibus vel ad iram aut ad odium aut dolorem meitandis, vel, ab bisce
usdem permotionibus, ad lemtatem misericordiamque revocandis quare,
nisi qui naturas hominum, vimque omnem humanitatis, causasque eas
quibus mentes aut incitantur aut reflectuntur, penitus perspexerit,
dicendo, quod volet, perficere non poterit. Quam ob rem, si quis
universam et propriam oratoris vim definire complectique vult,
is orator erit, meà sententri, hoc tam gravi dignus nomine, qui,
_quæcumque res inciderit_, quæ sit dictione, explicanda, prudenter, et
composite, et ornate, et memoriter dicat, cum quàdam etiam actionis
dignitate. Est enim finitimus oratori poeta, numeris adstrictior paulo,
verborum antem heentia liberior, multis vero ornandi generibus socius,
ac pæne par."--_De Oratore_, hb 1 cap. 17.
[24] "Postea mihi placuit, eoque sum usus adolescens, ut summorum
oratorum Græcas orationes explicarem; quibus lectis, hoc assequebar,
ut, cum ea, quæ legerem _Græce, Latine redderem_, non solum optimis
verbis uterer, et tamen usitatis, sed etiam exprimerem quædam verba
imitando, quæ nova nostris essent, dummodo essent idonea."--_De
Oratore_, 1. i. 34. "All Mr Pitt's leisure hours at college were
devoted to translating the finest passages in the classical authors,
especially Thucydides, into English, which he did freely, to the no
small annoyance of his tutors."--TOMLINE'S _Life of Pitt_, i. 23.
[25] "For the exercise of the student's writing, let him sometimes
_translate Latin into English_. But by all means obtain, if you can,
that he be not employed in making _Latin_ themes and declamations,
and, least of all, verses of any kind. Latin is a language foreign in
this country, and long since dead everywhere--a language in which your
son, it is a thousand to one, shall never have occasion once to make a
speech as long as he lives, after he comes to be a man; and a language
in which the manner of expressing one's-self is so far different from
ours, that, to be perfect in that, would very little improve the purity
and facility of his English style. I can see no pretence for this sort
of exercise in our schools, unless it can be supposed that the making
of set Latin speeches should be the way to teach men to speak well in
English extempore. Still more is to be said against young men making
Latin verses. If any one thinks poetry a desirable quality in his son,
and that the study of it would raise his fancy and parts, he must needs
yet confess that, to that end, _reading_ the excellent Greek and Roman
poets is of more use than _making bad verses of his own in a language
that is not his own_. And he whose design it is to read in English
poetry would not, I guess, think the way to it was to make his first
essays in Latin verses."--LOCKE _on Education_, § 169, 174.
[26] _Spectator_, No. 407; _Addison's Works_, iv. 327.
[27] _Observations_, p. 158.
[28] See _Blackwood's Magazine_, vol. lvii. p. 529.
[29] _Observations_, p. 24.
[30] The paternal care which our Government takes of agriculture
leaves us to grope our way by mere guess-work in all statistical
questions affecting it. For want of a better guide, we may refer to
Mr M'Culloch's often-quoted estimates, according to which, it would
appear, that there is one labourer to each 13-1/2 acres of arable land
in England, one to each 19-5/7 acres in Scotland--almost exactly the
proportion assumed by Mr Laing.
[31] _Observations_, p. 39.
[32] Previous to Hardenberg's administration, the peasants enjoyed the
_dominium utile_ of their lands, (_bauern hofe_, as they were called,)
but subject to the payment of a certain quit-rent or feu-duty to the
superior lord; and the scope of the change was to make these quit-rents
redeemable, by the cession of a certain fixed proportion of the land
and to vest the absolute property of the remainder in the vassal. It
is obvious, therefore, that there is not the slightest analogy between
the case of the Prussian feuar (as we should call him in Scotland) and
that of an ordinary tenant-at-will or lessee of land, and that the
commutation we have described has no similarity whatever to the schemes
of "tenant-right," of which we now hear so much.
[33] We are glad to observe, in the recently published Report of the
Royal Commission presided over by Lord Langdale, some indication
of progress towards supplying the want of a system of Registry in
England,--a want which, as the Commissioners truly affirm, operates as
a heavy burden on land property, and a material diminution of its value.
[34] Evidence of Lords' Committee on the Burdens affecting Land, p. 423.
[35] _Observations_, p. 154.
[36] _Notes_, p. 287.
[37] _Observations_, p. 153.
[38] The estimate for this country is clearly too small. Out of one
hundred acres in England, seventy-eight are under cultivation, or in
meadow. For the British Islands, the proportion is about sixty-four to
one hundred. As to the extent of uncultivated but available land in
Prussia, see the Evidence of Mr Banfield before the Committee of the
House of Lords on Burdens affecting Land.
[39] _Modern State Trials_: Revised and Illustrated, with Essays
and Notes. By WILLIAM C. TOWNSEND, Esq., M.A., Q.C., Recorder of
Macclesfield. In 2 vols. 8vo. Longman & Co. 1850.
[40] In one of Dr Johnson's various conversations with Boswell and
others, on the subject of duelling, he said, "A man is sufficiently
punished [for an injury] by being called out, and subjected to the risk
that is in a duel. But," continues Boswell, "on my suggesting that
_the injured person_ is equally subjected to risk, he fairly owned he
could not explain the rationality of duelling." It will be remembered
that, in previous conversations, the Doctor had endeavoured to do so,
by various unsatisfactory and sophistical reasons; and one of his
arguments, recorded by Boswell, was quoted by the counsel of Mr Stuart,
when tried for having shot in a duel Sir Alexander Boswell, the eldest
son of Boswell!
[41] Townsend, vol. i. p. 170-171.
[42] _Ibid._, p. 154-5.
[43] Townsend, vol. i. p. 152.
[44] _Ibid._, p. 162.
[45] _Ibid._, p. 163.
[46] Regina _v._ Young. 8 Carr and Payne, 644.
[47] In opening the case against Lord Cardigan, at the bar of the House
of Lords, the Attorney-General, (now Lord Campbell,) of course speaking
from erroneous instructions, imputed to Lord Cardigan the utterance
of a most unbecoming and offensive expression,--"Do you think I would
_condescend_ to fight with one of my own officers?" We are satisfied
that no such language could have fallen from a British officer; and the
evidence shows that it did not in point of fact.
[48] Vol. i. p. 210.
[49] It was called "the Waltham Black Act," as occasioned by the
devastations committed near Waltham, in Hampshire, by persons
disguised, and with _blackened_ faces--"who seem" says Blackstone,
"to have resembled the followers of Robert Hood, who in the reign of
Richard I. committed such great outrages on the borders of England and
Scotland."--4 Black. Com. 245.
[50] Mr Chitty. Townsend, i. p. 209.
[51] 4 Black. Com. p. 199.
[52] 1 Townsend, p. 215, 216.
[53] Ibid. p. 210.
[54] For misdemeanour, a peer has no such privilege, but must be tried
by a jury.
[55] 20th February 1841.
[56] The mode of appointing this high officer, and of constituting
the court, will be found explained at length in Blackstone's
Commentaries.--Vol. iv. p. 259, _et seq._
[57] The meaning of this observation is, that the privilege of not
answering questions tending to criminate the witness belongs to the
witness, and not to the parties wherefore the objection to such
questions ought to come from the witness, and not from the counsel for
either of the parties.
[58] TOWNSEND, vol. i. p. 229.
[59] Townsend, p. 239, 240, 241.
[60] Ibid., p. 238.
[61] We are by no means sure, however, that he could have been
compelled to answer the question, if he had stated that he believed his
answer might tend to criminate himself.
[62] 1 Townsend, p. 211. Lord Campbell has included his opening
address in Lord Cardigan's case among his published speeches, and thus
deprecates the censures which had been passed upon him: "I was much
hurt by an accusation that my address contained a defence of duelling,
and had a tendency to encourage that practice. Nothing could be further
from my intention.... I continue to think that to engage in a duel,
which cannot be declined without infamy, and which is not occasioned
by any offence given by the party whose conduct is under discussion,
whether he accepted or sent the challenge, though contrary to the law
of the land, is an act free from moral turpitude.... I consider that
to fight a duel must always be a great calamity, but it is not always,
necessarily, a great crime." Fully acknowledging the difficulties of
the subject, we publicly and solemnly disclaim participation in these
opinions, for reasons already laid before our readers. We give Lord
Campbell full credit for the purity of his motives, and the sincerity
of his convictions; but we must withhold our concurrence from opinions
which ignore _moral_ turpitude in a breach of THE LAW OF GOD!
[63] Articles of War. Art 17.
[64] _The Defenceless State of Great Britain._ By Sir F. B. HEAD, Bart.
London. Murray: 1850.
[65] The following is an extract from Cobden's speech at Wrexham,
on 12th November last, as reported in the _Times_ of 14th November:
"He had no doubt that, in the volume written by Sir F. Head, (which
had been referred to,) the author of _Bubbles from the Brunnens of
Nassau_--and he dared say those bubbles were just as substantial as the
facts in that volume, (cheers and laughter,)--but there was something
in the antecedents of Sir F. Head, and his conduct in Canada, which
did not recommend him to him (Mr Cobden) as a good authority in this
affair of our finances. (Hear, hear.) But, no doubt, he should be told
that we were in great danger from other countries keeping up large
military establishments, and coming to attack us. Now, the answer he
gave to that was, that he would rather run the risk of France coming
to attack us, than keep up the present establishments in this country.
He had done with reasoning on the subject. He would rather cut down
the expenditure for military establishments to L.10,000,000, and run
every danger from France, or any other quarter, than risk the danger of
attempting to keep up the present standard of taxation and expenditure.
(Cheers.) _He called those men cowards who wrote in this way._ He was
not accustomed to pay fulsome compliments to the English, by telling
them that they were superior to all the world; but this he could say,
that they did not deserve the name of cowards. (Hear, hear.) _The
men who wrote these books must be cowards_, and he knew nothing so
preposterous as talking of a number of Frenchmen coming and taking
possession of London."
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