detail, and himself invented new forms of hull, which, however, did not
come up to his expectations. Both he and James wore devoted to yachting
and steered their own boats.
A singular defect of all the Stuarts in naval matters was their
inability to appreciate the importance of the human as well as the
material element. In the Cromwell régime, all the old abuses in
connection with food, clothing and delayed pay, wore done away with; to
re-appear, however, almost as bad as ever soon after the Restoration.
[18] ENGLISH.
Ships 62
Men 27,725
Guns 4,500
Frigates, etc. 23
DUTCH.
Ships 36
Men 12,950
Guns 2,494
Frigates, etc. 14
[19] See Crimean War in a later chapter for a revival of this.
[20] Fincham.
[21] He was Master of the fleet at Beachy Head and also at Cape La
Hogue.
[22] The _Pembroke_ (sixty-four) captured by the French in 1710, in
this war, had her armament reduced to fifty guns by them.
[23] This extraordinary story of a soldier saving the fleet is made all
the stranger by the fact that Sir Hovenden Walker, the Admiral, was a
teetotaller and a vegetarian, an almost unheard of thing in those days.
[24] Fincham.
[25] See later references to Sir William White and Sir Philip Watts.
[26] Their recklessness was such that Peter had to give orders that
no Swedish ship was to be boarded unless the superior officers were
killed. Swedish captains, attacked by superior forces, made a regular
practice of allowing themselves to be boarded and then blowing up their
ships!
[27] Colomb.
[28] For a very full and detailed account see Chapter XV. of Colomb’s
_Naval Warfare_.
[29] The treasure ship was well armed and did not hesitate to engage
him. Anson’s success was in some considerable measure attributable to
the fact that not having enough men for the broadside firing of the
period, he ordered independent firing. It was the Spanish custom to
lie down as the enemy fired a broadside, then jump up and fire back.
Anson’s independent firing caused much unexpected slaughter on them.
This rule of “broadsides” compares interestingly with the salvo firing
of the present day.
[30] See earlier reference to the same thing in Raleigh’s time.
[31] Is the well-known _Royal George_, which capsized at Spithead, in
1782.
[32] Admiral Mahan (_Influence of Sea Power upon History_, p. 286)
shows how Byng’s dread of anything unconventional in the way of tactics
led to the action being indecisive.
[33] Time after time, hostile ships, having had enough of it, passed
away ahead and escaped, because to have pressed them would have
“disorganised the line.”
[34] Our own naval manœuvres in recent years have seen more than one
disaster from the change of a rendezvous.
[35] While this battle of Quiberon was in progress, people in England
were burning Hawke in effigy for having allowed the French fleet to
escape!
[36] This appears to be the solitary instance in French history in
which a use of the fleet on English lines was ever contemplated.
[37] Admiral Mahan (_Influence of Sea Power upon History_) has quoted
at length (p. 380) from French authorities to show that only the action
of the captain of the _Destin_ (74), in hurrying to block the gap,
prevented Rodney from getting through the line on this occasion.
[38] I draw this from Mahan (_Influence of Sea Power upon History_)
(page 494). Fincham specifically mentions (p. 107) the introduction of
carronades _ten_ years later.
[39] Fincham _ex_ Campbell.
[40] The fire-ship grew to be less and less of a menace owing to the
improved handiness of warships.
[41] Here again see Raleigh on Elizabethan Customs.
[42] By the burning of the bulk of the ships in Toulon, the French
Toulon fleet was rendered non-existent; but the state of affairs with
that fleet was such that its fighting value had long been a cypher.
[43] In order to bring the enemy to action, Howe formed a detached
squadron of his faster ships. Hannay (_Ships and Men_) extols him
because, in this and certain other movements in the battle, he reverted
to the tactics of Monk and other Commonwealth admirals, and threw aside
the conventional practice of his own day.
[44] For two opposite views of this particular incident, see Admiral
Mahan’s _Influence of Sea Power on the French Revolution_, and Chapter
X. of Brassey, 1894.
[45] The preservation of an orderly line throughout the battle.
[46] The story of this ship going down firing, her crew crying _Vive
la Republique_, is pure fiction. She surrendered after a very gallant
fight, and sank with an English flag flying.
[47] Seeing that, had Howe sunk the grain convoy and then been totally
destroyed himself, the Revolution would still have come to nothing from
starvation, this French view of the matter is intelligible enough and
also very reasonable.
[48] It was in connection with this engagement that Nelson wrote, “Had
I commanded our fleet on the 14th, either the whole of the French fleet
would have graced my triumph, or I should have been in a confounded
scrape.” Also, commenting on Hotham’s, “We must be contented, we have
done very well”--“Now, had we taken ten sail and allowed the eleventh
to escape, when it had been possible to have got at her, I could never
have called it well done.”
[49] _Nelson_, by J. K. Laughton.
[50] _The British Tar in Fact and Fiction._
[51] The title of “delegates” seems quaintly enough to have led
Parker and his friends into trouble. The men got hold of the word as
“_delicates_,” and interpreted it more or less literally as a claim to
superiority.
[52] For a very interesting detailed account, see _Ships and Men_, by
David Hannay.
[53] Fincham.
[54] Troude.
[55] He, at the same time, sent a private message to Nelson that if
he wished to continue, he was at liberty to do so. The telescope to
his blind eye was merely a little jest on Nelson’s part, and in no way
disobedience of orders. Parker’s whole object in making the signal to
withdraw was to intimate to Nelson that if he deemed himself defeated,
he (Parker) would accept responsibility.
[56] Paul had just been murdered, and Alexander changed his policy.
[57] Compare with the similar delay of the Spanish Armada.
[58] Actually never exceeded 93,000.--_Campaign of Trafalgar._--Corbett.
[59] Six was sometimes twelve, sometimes longer periods still. The most
reasonable explanation is that Napoleon’s _real_ intentions were to use
the army to invade England, if luck and chance threw the opportunity in
his way; but otherwise to use it only as a threat.
[60] It was here that he recorded in his diary that he went on shore on
July 20th--the first time for close on two years!
[61] His orders were to go to Brest; but having been frightened by some
purely mythical news of a British fleet of twenty-five sail (sent him
_via_ a neutral ship), he went to Cadiz. As, had he got to Brest, he
would have found Cornwallis with thirty-five ships of the line, this
piece of precaution (which incidentally led to Trafalgar) saved him for
a while.
[62] Rodjestvensky, seeking to inspire the Baltic fleet on its way to
Tsushima, is a close modern parallel.
[63] _The British Tar in Fact and Fiction_, Commander Robinson, R.N.
[64] _Vide_ Anson’s boat’s crew in his trip up to Canton. Some captains
spent a good deal of money in providing white shirts for their boat’s
crews. Others indulged in purely fanciful attires.
[65] A year or two ago a famous Royal Academy picture showed a fleet of
Dreadnoughts cruising at sea with the steam trial water tanks on board!
[66] To wear the smartest possible clothes on coming up for punishment
was invariable routine. It was hoped that a smart appearance would
mitigate the captain’s wrath.--_Vide_, _Sea Life in Nelson’s Time_,
John Masefield.
[67] To this day the British bluejacket calls himself a “matlo”--a
corruption of the French matelot; so this pigtail introduction theory
may be correct enough.
[68] See Food, a page or so further on.
[69] The curious, who wander into the by-lanes off Queen Street,
Portsea, will still find heavy iron gates in places. Inside these gates
those anxious to escape the press-gangs used to take refuge.
[70] The “bounty” offered, however, was a decided inducement. Cases of
bounties as high as £70 can be found.
[71] _The British Tar in Fact and Fiction._
[72] There are West Country villages to-day in which, to my own
knowledge, one pound of meat a week is an outside estimate of what is
eaten per head.
[73] There were those who accepted weevils in ship’s biscuits as mites
in Gorgonzola cheese are accepted to-day! Unpalatable as ship’s biscuit
is, there is a certain acquired taste about it. In the later nineties
I have frequently seen it handed round as a species of dessert in the
wardroom, every senior officer taking some and enjoying it. In the
1890 manœuvres the wardroom officers of “C fleet” did three weeks on
“ships” only, in quite a casual way, though the quality even then left
something to be desired.
[74] They began at 4s. a day, working up to 11s. a day after six years,
and 18s. a day at twenty years’ service, which few ever reached.
[75] For extremely detailed accounts of surgery in action see _Sea Life
in Nelson’s Times_, John Masefield.
[76] A form of this rule exists to-day. A man wounded in action is not
now mulcted; but a man who tumbles down a hatchway and breaks his leg
has to suffer “hospital stoppages,” and “pay for his own cure,” to a
certain extent.
[77] Commander Robinson, R.N., in _The British Tar in Fact and
Fiction_, seems to have got nearer the true picture than those who have
painted things in darker and more lurid colours. He is practically the
only writer upon the subject who has realised that many old yarns are
capable of being discounted.
[78] It is only fair to the Hebrew race to say that “Jew” was a generic
term for a special type of person who grew rich on advancing money
to sailors and selling them shoddy articles at ridiculously enhanced
prices. Quite a large number of them were not of the Jewish race.
[79] To-day this is flown at the bow only when a ship is at anchor.
[80] At Trafalgar, the _Victory_, as she bore down, suffered heavily
from the shot that penetrated her thin forward bulkhead.
[81] _Ex_ Fincham, where the report is given in full.
[82] The mail packet service was under the Admiralty in those days.
[83] The seventy-three ton iron steamboat _Ruby_.
[84] The Lord Armstrong, founder of Elswick, etc.
[85] The italics are mine.--F.T.J.
[86] My italics. In the Germany of to-day (May, 1915), exactly the same
style of argument is being advanced.
[87] c.f. the Dardanelles in May, 1915.
[88] Subsequently Sir E. J. Reed, Chief Constructor.
[89] c.f. Views expressed about Dreadnoughts, for another reason in the
present year (1915).
[90] From _Naval Development of the Century_, by Sir N. Barnaby, K.C.B.
[91] The _Warrior_ now forms part of the _Vernon_ Establishment at
Portsmouth.
[92] _Our Ironclad Ships_, by (Sir) E. J. Reed. Sir N. Barnaby in
_Naval Development of the Century_ gives 5,470 = 14.36 knots.
[93] Apparently the first instance of the putting forward of a
principle which later on profoundly affected construction.
[94] In 1863, three ironclads, the _Lord Clyde_ and _Lord Warden_,
of 7,840 tons, and a small ship, the _Pallas_, 3,660 tons, were
constructed with wooden hulls, in order to use up the stores of timber
which had been accumulated.--See p. 70, _Our Ironclad Ships_, by Sir
E. J. Reed.
[95] _Our Ironclad Ships_, by Sir E. J. Reed.
[96] The American monitors all had conning towers; but British masted
battleships were without them.
[97] At a subsequent date, after he had left the Admiralty, he designed
the _Independencia_ for Brazil. This ship, afterwards bought into
the British Navy as the _Neptune_, was simply an enlarged _Monarch_.
Probably, however, the general features of the ship were specified by
the Brazilians.
[98] The _Scorpion_ and _Wivern_, built for the Confederate States and
bought in 1865. The Peruvian _Huascar_ also ante-dated the _Captain_ in
design. All of these were low freeboard ships. Coles had something to
do with the designs of all.
[99] All the above ships had one or more tripod masts.
[100] For two of these, 12½ ton M.L.R. were afterwards substituted.
[101] Coles had projected 1,000 tons; but 500 was all that she could
take.
[102] She was then rolling from 12½ to 14 degrees.
[103] The _Audacious_ herself was “modernised” in the later eighties.
Her sailing rig was removed and a “military rig” substituted. Some
minor changes in her lesser guns were also made.
[104] _Our Ironclad Ships_, by Sir E. J. Reed.
[105] _Ironclads in Action_, by H. W. Wilson.
[106] The _Sultan_ was built as a ship-rigged ship. In 1894–96 she was
“reconstructed,” two military masts being substituted for her original
rig. She was also re-engined and re-boilered by Messrs. Thompson, of
Clydebank. Beyond going out for the naval manœuvres one year she did
not, however, perform any service in her altered condition, and is now
used as a hulk.
[107] Later on this was removed and an ordinary revolving turret,
carrying _two_ 25 ton guns, substituted.
[108] About the year 1890–2 _Devastation_ and _Thunderer_ were
re-boilered and re-armed with 10-inch B.L.R.
[109] c.f. Frontispiece to _Our Ironclad Ships_, E. J. Reed.
[110] _Naval and Military Gazette._
[111] She was about nine years from laying down to completion!
Index.
Aboukir, Battle of, 152, v. i
Abuses, Naval, 65, v. i
Acquitaine, 11, v. i
Admiral Bacon’s Theory, 204, v. ii
Admiral Hopkins--Earliest Advocate of Centre-Line in England, 179, v.
ii
Aerial Bombs First Provided Against, 173, v. ii
Aerial Dreadnoughts, 171, v. ii
Aerial Experiments in Austria, 228, v. ii
Aerial Guns, 226, v. ii
Aeroplanes for Naval Purposes, 226, v. ii
Agreement with the Colonies, Naval, 237, v. ii
Aircraft, Possibilities of, 95, v. i
Aircraft, Potentialities in, 228, v. i
Alexander, 162, v. i
Alexandria, 163, v. i
Alfred the Great, 1, 14, v. i
Alfred, King, 60, 73, v. i
Algiers, 59, v. i
All-Big-Gun Ship Arguments, 143, v. ii
Alterations to “Lion,” 185, v. ii
Alternative “Dreadnought” Ideal, 165, v. ii
Alva, Duke of, 48, v. i
American Colonies Revolution, 124, v. i
American Frigates, 189, v. i
Americanising of British Naval Designs, 176, v. ii
American Monitors and Conning Towers, 272, v. i
American Monitors, limitations of, 292, v. i
American Navy, 189, v. i
American War, 189, v. i
Amiens, Peace of, 163, v. i
Anson, Commodore, 109, v. i
“Answer” British, to frégates blindées, 249, v. i
Antigua, 172, v. i
Antwerp, 183, v. i
Appreciation of Barnaby, 49, v. ii
Arch Duke Charles, 98, v. i
Archers, English, 27, v. i
Armada, Defeat of, 57, v. i
Armada, Delayed, 48, v. i
Armada, Force of, 49, v. i
Armada, Indifferent Gunnery of, 50, v. i
Armada, Real History of, 57, v. i
Armament, Ratio of Size, 95, v. i
Armed Neutrality, The, 161, v. i
Armour, 204, v. ii
Armoured Cruisers Re-appear, 101, v. ii
Armour Experiments at Woolwich, 219, v. i
Armoured Forecastles, 284, v. i
Armoured Scouts, 197, v. ii
Armstrong and Percussion Shell, 227, v. i
“Army of Invasion,” 170, v. i
Articles of War, 11, v. i
Artificial Ventilation, 225, v. i
Armstrong, Guns of, 241, v. i
Artillery, Superior, 229, v. i
Assize of Arms, The, 10, v. i
Athelston, 7, v. i
Australia, Navy of, 233, v. ii
Auxiliary Navies, 231, v. ii
Battle of Trafalgar, 177, v. i
Belle Island Captured, 122, v. i
Berwick Captured by French (1795), 138, v. i
Blockade, Scientific, First Instituted, 120, v. i
Blockade Work, 165, v. i
Bomb Dropping, 226, 228, v. ii
Bombs from Airships, 228, v. ii
Bomb Vessels Introduced, 87, v. i
Bonaparte (see Napoleon), 230, v. i
Bordelais Captured, 158, v. i
Boscawen, 120, v. i
Boswell, Invention of, 107, v. i
Bounty, 200, v. i
Bounty, Given by Henry VII, 36, v. i
Bounty to Seamen, 234, v. i
Bourbon, Isle of, Captured, 185, v. i
Box-Battery Ironclads, 318, v. i
Brading, Battle of, 5, v. i
Breaking the Line, First Attempt at, 128, v. i
Breaking the Line by Rodney, 129, v. i
Breastwork Monitors, 292, 307, 308, v. i
Breech Blocks, Elementary, 320, v. i
Breechloaders, Armstrongs, 320, v. i
Brest, 157, v. i
Brest, Cornwallis off, 172, v. i
Bridport, 139, v. i
Brig Sloop of 18 Guns, 178, v. i
British Battle Fleet, 257, v. i
British Defects in the Crimean War, 234, v. i
British Empire, an English-Speaking Confederation, 241, v. ii
British Flag, 75, v. i
British and French Ideals, 249, v. i
British v. French Ships Discussed in Parliament, 37, v. i
British Guns, 232, v. i
British Merchant Ships Trade with Russia During War, 186, v. i
British Methods of Warfare, 41, v. i
British Navy, Birth of, 34, v. i
British Squadron, Defeat of, 186, v. i
British Tactics, 231, v. i
Broadside Ironclads, 257, v. i
Broke, Captain, 189, v. i
Brown, Samuel, Invents a Propeller (1825), 216, v. i
Bruat, 234, v. i
Brueys, 152, v. i
Bruix, 154, v. i
Buckingham, Duke of, 65, v. i
Bullivant Torpedo Defence, 53, v. ii
Burchett, 92, v. i
Burgoyne, Alan H., 59, v. i
Burgoyne, Captain, 288, v. i
Bushnell, David, and his Submarine, 124, v. i
Busk, Hans, 237, v. i
Busses, 11, v. i
Byng, 99, v. i
Byng, Shot, 116, v. i
Cadiz, 171, v. i
Cadiz, Collingwood off, 175, v. i
Calais, 27, 30, 33, v. i
Colder, 172, v. i
Calcutta, Recapture of (1757), 119, v. i
Calypso, 237, v. ii
Campaign of Trafalgar (Corbett), 170, v. i
Camperdown, Battle of, 150, v. i
Canada Acquired by England, 123, v. i
Canadian Dockyards, 237, v. ii
Canadian Navy, 237, v. ii
Cannon, Early, 38, v. i
Cannon, First use of, 29, v. i
Canute, 8, v. i
Cape St. Vincent, Battle of (1759), 121, v. i
“Capital Ship” Adjusts Itself, 218, v. ii
Capital Ship, Galley Replaced by Galleon, 27, v. i
Cape La Hogue, Battle of, 90, v. i
Capraja, “Queen Charlotte” blown up off (1880), 160, v. i
“Captain,” Nelson in, 142, v. i
Carronades, 129, v. i
Carronades, Part of Armament, 201, v. i
Cartagena, Vernon Fails at, 109, v. i
Catapults, 15, 30, 38, v. i
Catherine the Great, 154, v. i
Cayenne Captured, 184, v. i
Cellular Construction, 267, v. i
Central Africa, 232, v. ii
Central Battery Ironclads, 292, v. i
Centre-line, System, 179, v. ii
Cerberus, 232, v. ii
Cette, 103, v. i
Chads, Captain and Gunnery Experiments, 220, v. i
Chads, Captain, 223, v. i
Chagres Bombarded, 109, v. i
Channel Policed, 10, v. i
Channel Protected by Merchants, 33, v. i
Chappel, Captain, 215, v. i
Charles I, 65, v. i
Charles II, 81, v. i
Charles, Prince, 73, v. i
Charring, 107, v. i
Charter of Ethelred, 8, v. i
Chartres, Duke of, 126, v. i
Chateau, Renault, 96, v. i
Chatham, Earl of, 183, v. i
Christian VII, 180, v. i
Cinque Ports, 22, 29, 35, v. i
Cinque Ports Established, 10, v. i
Civil War, 75, v. i
Claxton, Captain, 215, v. i
Clive, 119, v. i
Clothing, 65, v. i
Clydebank, 188, v. ii
Coal, Larger Store of, Affects
Construction, 263, v. i
Coal Stores, 185, v. ii
“Coastals,” 199, v. ii
“Coastal Destroyers,” 199, v. ii
Coast Defence Ironclads, 199, v. ii
Coat of Mail Idea, 249, v. i
Cockpit, Horrors of, 204, v. i
Cochrane, Lord, and Fire Ships, 183, v. i
Cochrane Opposes Vote of Thanks to Lord Gambier, 183, v. i
Code of Naval Discipline, 12, v. i
Colonials and Local Defence, 237, v. ii
Colour Experiments, 89, v. ii
Command of the Sea (First Appearance of), 75, v. i
Commerce Defence, 75, v. i
Commission, Report of (1806), 187, v. i
Compass, 12, v. i
Coles, Captain Cowper, 272, v. i
Coles, Captain, 280, v. i
Coles, 275, v. i
Coles, Captain, 284, v. i
Collingwood Incompetent, 202, v. i
Collingwood, Resignation of, 148, v. i
Colomb, Admiral, Quoted, 53, v. i
Communication Tube, First for
Conning Tower, 318, v. i
Conflict Between Steam and Gas Engines, 201, v. ii
Congreve Rocket, 236, v. i
Conning Towers in American Monitors, 272, v. i
Constantinople Bombarded, 179, v. i
Continuous Service, 251, v. ii
Contractors, Unscrupulous, 65, v. i
Contemporary Art, 195, v. i
Contraband of War, 161, v. i
Contract-Built Ships First Advocated, 280, v. i
Controller of the Navy and Constructor, Disputes Between, 258, v. i
Converted Ironclads, 257, 258, v. i
Convoys, 92, v. i
Cook, Captain, 115, v. i
Copper Bottoms, 123, v. i
Copper Bottoms, Rapid Deterioration of, 129, v. i
Copenhagen, 161, v. i
Cornwall, Captain, 108, v. i
Cornwallis off Brest, 172, v. i
Cornwallis, 139, v. i
Corsairs, 91, 102, v. i
Cost per Gun for Sailing Man-of-War, 238, v. i
Cost per Gun for Steamers, 238, v. i
Cotton, Sir Charles, 184, v. i
Crimean War, British Defects in, 237, v. i
Crimean War, the British Navy in: Little Better than a Paper Force,
228, v. i
Cromwell, 73, v. i
Cronstadt, 226, v. i
Cross Raiding, 75, v. i
Cruisers of the Super-Dreadnought Era, 188, v. ii
Crusaders, 10, v. i
“Conditional” Ships, 174, v. ii
Cost of Oak, 132, v. i
Cost per Gun for Early Ironclads, 238, v. i
Cumberland, Inventor of Stoving, 107, v. i
Cuniberti, 179, v. ii
Cuniberti’s Conception of All Big-Gun ships, 139, v. ii
Curtis, Captain of the Fleet, 136, v. i
Curtiss Aeroplane, 226, v. ii
Curtiss Turbines, 196, v. ii
Cutting Out Expeditions Instituted, 41, v. i
Daedalus, 221, v. ii
“Dandy” Captains, 195, v. i
“Dandy” Sailors, 195, v. i
Danes, 1, v. i
Danish Fleet Surrendered, 162, v. i
Danish Ships Hired, 5, v. i
Darien, 108, v. i
Dawkins, Captain, 299, v. i
Dean, Sir Anthony, 94, v. i
Dean, Sir John, 94, v. i
Decline of the Navy, 43, v. i
De Conflans, 121, v. i
Defects of the échelon System, 179, v. ii
Defects of the “Royal Sovereigns,” 69, v. ii
De la Clue, 120, v. i
Delegates of Mutineers, 147, v. i
“Democracy on the Quarter Deck,” 257, v. ii
De Pontis, 102, v. i
De Witt, 79, v. i
Deptford Yard, 107, v. i
De Ruyter, 85, v. i
D’Estaing, 126, v. i
D’Estrees, 85, v. i
Descharges, Inventor of Portholes, 38, v. i
Destroyer Attack Bound to Succeed, 195, v. ii
Destroyers in the Dreadnought Era, 199, v. ii
De Tourville, 90, v. i
Devastation idea evolved, 232, v. ii
Devonport Yard, 191, v. ii
Dibden (ref.), 34, v. i
Diesel Engine, 201, v. ii
Dirigibles, 222, v. ii
Discipline, 20, v. i; 258, v. ii
Discipline, Jervis Idea of, 141, v. i
Discipline, Lack of, in time of Charles I, 66, v. i
Disputes Between the Controller of the Navy and Constructor, 258, v. i
Doctors, Naval, 256, v. ii
Dominion of Canada, 234, v. ii
D’Orvilliers, 125, v. i
Double Bottoms, 267, v. i
Dover, 219, v. i
Downs, Battle in (1639), 76, v. i
Drake, Character of, 48, v. i
Drake, Sir Francis, 47, v. i
Drake, Methods of, 48, v. i; 259, v. ii
Dreadnought (analogy), 69, v. i
Dreadnought, first idea of, 164, v. ii
Dromons, 33, v. i
Dropping Bombs, 226, v. ii
Dry Dock, First, 35, v. i
Dubourdieu, 186, v. i
Du Casse, 97, v. i
Ducas, 234, v. i
Duchess of Bedford and Uniform, 194, v. i
Ducking, 12, v. i
Duckworth, Sir John, 179, v. i
Duguay-Trouin, 92, 177, v. i
Dumanoir, 177, v. i
Duncan, 147, v. i
Dundonald, Earl of (Cochrane), 216, v. i
Dutch Fleet Captured by Anglo-Russian Force, 159, v. i
Dutch War, First, 75, v. i
Dutch War, Second, 81, v. i
Dutch War, Third, 83, v. i
Eagle attacked by Submarine, 124, v. i
Earliest Advocate of the centre-line in England, Admiral Hopkins,
179, v. ii
Early Aerial Ideas, 218, v. ii
Early Wire Guns, 247, v. i
Economists Limit Lint and Sponges, 207, v. i
Economists on Shore, 201, v. i
Economy, 36, 114, v. i
Economy in Construction, 97, v. i
Edgar, 7, v. i
Edmund, 7, v. i
Edward I, 22, v. i
Edward II, 23, v. i
Edward III, 23, v. i
Edward IV, 33, v. i
Edward the Confessor, 8, v. i
Effects of Shell Fire, 219, v. i
Egyptian Government, 232, v. ii
Electro, 219, v. i
Elementary Quickfirers, 243, v. i
Elizabeth, 73, v. i
Elizabeth, First Acts of, 44, v. i
Elizabethan Fleet, 73, v. i
Elphinstone, Captain in Russian Navy, 154, v. i
Elswick, 227, v. i; 232, v. ii
End-on Fire, 176, v. ii
End-on Idea, 179, v. ii
End of the White Era, 116, v. ii
Engineer Agitation, 247, v. ii
Engines of “Glatton” built in Royal Dockyard, 311, v. i
England, Austria, and Sweden at war, 180, v. i
“Equal Efficiency,” 215, v. ii
Ericsson, 272, v. i
Ericsson Patents Propeller (1836), 216, v. i
Espagnols-sur-Mer, Les, 29, v. i
Ethelred’s Navy, 8, v. i
Excellence of the “Warrior” Class, 121, v. ii
Experiments, Gunnery, 219, v. i
Experiments to Improve Sailing Ships, 211, v. i
“Explosion” Vessels, 182, v. i
Eustace the Monk, 21, v. i
Feeding of Men During Great War, 200, v. i
Ferrol, 96, 172, v. i
Fight--Shannon (British) v. Chesapeake (U.S.), 189, v. i
Finisterre, 172, v. i
Finisterre, Rodney off, 127, v. i
Fire, Raking, 211, v. i
Fire Ships, 54, 84, 182, v. i
Fire Ships, Decline of, 131, v. i
Fireworks, Use of, 69, v. i
First English Over-Sea Voyage, 11, v. i
First of June, Battle of, 135, v. i