AUSTRALIA--_Continued_.
FROM CHILDHOOD TO MANHOOD.
AUSTRALIAN CHILDREN -- CEREMONIES ATTENDANT ON BECOMING MEN --
ADMISSION TO THE RANK OF HUNTER -- CEREMONY OF THE KANGAROO -- THE
KORADJEES AND THEIR DUTIES -- KNOCKING OUT THE TOOTH -- TRIAL BY
ENDURANCE -- TEST OF DETERMINATION -- THE MAGIC CRYSTAL -- THE FINAL
FEAST -- INITIATION AMONG THE MOORUNDI AND PARNKALLA TRIBE -- THE
WITARNA, AND ITS DREADED SOUND -- THE WHISPERERS -- TAKING THE SECOND
DEGREE -- THE APRON AND HEAD-NET -- THE THIRD AND LAST CEREMONY --
ENDURANCE OF PAIN -- A NAUO MAN -- STORY OF GI’ÔM -- MAKING KOTAIGA
OR BROTHERHOOD.
Australian children, while they remain children, and as such are under
the dominion of their mothers, are rather engaging little creatures.
They cannot be called pretty, partly owing to the total neglect, or
rather ignorance, of personal cleanliness, and partly on account of
the diet with which they are fed. Their eyes are soft, and possess the
half-wistful, half-wild expression that so peculiarly distinguishes
the young savage. But they are never washed except by accident, their
profuse black hair wanders in unkempt masses over their heads, and
their stomachs protrude exactly like those of the young African savage.
In process of time they lose all these characteristics. The wistful
expression dies out of their eyes, while the restless, suspicious
glance of the savage takes its place. They become quarrelsome,
headstrong, and insubordinate, and, after exhibiting these
qualifications for a higher rank in life, they become candidates for
admission into the rights and privileges of manhood. Among civilized
nations, attaining legal majority is a simple process enough, merely
consisting of waiting until the candidate is old enough; but with many
savage nations, and specially with the Australians, the process of
becoming men is a long, intricate, and singularly painful series of
ceremonies.
These rites vary according to the locality in which they are
celebrated, but they all agree in one point, namely,--in causing very
severe pain to the initiates, and testing to the utmost their endurance
of pain. As many of these rites are almost identical in different
tribes, I shall not repeat any of them, but only mention those points
in which the ceremonies differ from each other.
One of these customs, which seems to belong to almost every variety of
savage life, namely, the loss of certain teeth, flourishes among the
Australians. The mode of extracting the teeth is simple enough. The men
who conduct the ceremony pretend to be very ill, swoon, and writhe on
the ground, and are treated after the usual method of healing the sick,
_i. e._ their friends make a howling and shouting, dance round and hit
them on the back, until each sick man produces a piece of sharp bone.
This ceremony being intended to give the initiates power over the
various animals, a series of appropriate ceremonies are performed. On
the morning after the sharp bones have been mysteriously produced, the
Koradjees, or operators, dress themselves up with bits of fur and other
decorations, which are conventionally accepted as representing the
dingo, or native dog. The wooden sword, which is thrust into a belt,
sticks up over the back, and takes the place of the tail. The boys are
then made to sit on the ground, while the koradjees run round and
round them on all fours, thus representing dogs, and giving the lads to
understand that the succeeding ceremony will give them power over dogs.
In token of this power, each time that they pass the boys they throw
sand and dust over them.
Here it must be remarked that the Australian natives are great
dog-fanciers, the dog being to them what the pig is to the Sandwich
Islanders. There is scarcely a lad who does not possess at least one
dog, and many have several, of which they take charge from earliest
puppyhood, and which accompany their masters wherever they go. Besides
their value as companions, these dogs are useful for another reason.
They are a safeguard against famine; for when a man is in danger of
starving, he is sure to rescue himself by killing and cooking his
faithful dog. The animal has never cost him any trouble. It forages for
itself as it best can, and always adheres to its owner, and is always
at hand when wanted. The object, therefore, of the first part of the
ceremony is to intimate to the lads that they are not only to have
dominion over the dogs, but that they ought to possess its excellent
qualities.
The next part of the ceremony is intended to give them power over the
kangaroos.
Accordingly, a stout native now appears on the scene, bearing on his
shoulders the rude effigy of a kangaroo, made of grass; and after him
walks another man with a load of brushwood. The men move with measured
steps, in time to the strokes of clubs upon shields, wherewith the
spectators accompany the songs which they sing. At the end of the
dance, the men lay their burdens at the feet of the youths, the grass
effigy signifying the kangaroo, and the brushwood being accepted as a
sign of its haunts.
The koradjees now take upon themselves the character of the kangaroo,
as they formerly personated the dog. They make long ropes of grass in
imitation of the kangaroo’s tail, and fasten them at the back of their
girdles. They then imitate the various movements of the kangaroo, such
as leaping, feeding, rising on their feet and looking about them, or
lying down on their sides and scratching themselves, as kangaroos do
when basking in the sun. As they go through these performances, several
men enact the part of hunters, and follow them with their spears,
pretending to steal upon them unobserved, and so to kill them.
After a few more ceremonies, the men lie on the ground, and the boys
are led over their prostrate bodies, the men groaning and writhing, and
pretending to suffer horrible agony from the contact with uninitiates.
At last the boys are drawn up in a row, and opposite to them stands the
principal koradjee, holding his shield and waddy, with which he keeps
up a series of regular strokes, the whole party poising their spears
at him, and at every third stroke touching his shield.
The operators now proceed to the actual removal of the tooth. The
initiates are placed on the shoulders of men seated on the ground, and
the operator then lances the gums freely with the sharp bone. One end
of a wummerah, or throw-stick, is next placed on the tooth, and a sharp
blow is struck with the stone, knocking out the tooth, and often a
piece of gum also if the lancing has not been properly done.
Among another tribe, the initiate is seated opposite a tree. A stick is
then placed against the trunk of the tree, with its other end resting
on the tooth. The operator suddenly pushes the lad’s head forward,
when, as a matter of course, the tooth comes out. The blood is allowed
to flow over the spot, and, as it is a sign of manhood, is never washed
off.
The tooth being finally extracted, the boy is led to a distance, and
his friends press the wounded gum together, and dress him in the
emblems of his rank as a man. The opossum fur belt, or kumeel, is
fastened round his waist, and in it is thrust the wooden sword, which
he, as a warrior, is now expected to use. A bandage is tied round his
forehead, in which are stuck a number of grass-tree leaves; his left
hand is placed over his mouth, and for the rest of the day he is not
allowed to eat.
In some parts of the country there is a curious addition to the mere
loss of the tooth. The warriors stand over the lad, exhorting him to
patience, and threatening him with instant death if he should flinch,
cry out, or show any signs of pain. The operators then deliberately cut
long gashes all down his back, and others upon his shoulders. Should he
groan, or display any symptoms of suffering, the operators give three
long and piercing yells, as a sign that the youth is unworthy to be a
warrior. The women are summoned, and the recreant is handed over to
them, ever after to be ranked with the women, and share in their menial
and despised tasks.
Even after passing the bodily ordeal, he has to undergo a mental trial.
There is a certain mysterious piece of crystal to which various magic
powers are attributed, and which is only allowed to be seen by men, who
wear it in their hair, tied up in a little packet. This crystal, and
the use to which it is put, will be described when we come to treat of
medicine among the Australians.
The youth having been formally admitted as a huntsman, another ring
is formed round him, in order to see whether his firmness of mind
corresponds with his endurance of body. Into the hands of the maimed
and bleeding candidate the mysterious crystal is placed. As soon as he
has taken it, the old men endeavor by all their arts to persuade him
to give it up again. Should he be weak-minded enough to yield, he is
rejected as a warrior; and not until he has successfully resisted all
their threats and cajoleries is he finally admitted into the rank of
men.
The ceremony being over, a piercing yell is set up as a signal for the
women to return to the camp, and the newly-admitted man follows them,
accompanied by their friends, all chanting a song of joy, called the
_korinda braia_. They then separate to their respective fires, where
they hold great feastings and rejoicings (see engraving No. 1, page
759); and the ceremonies are concluded with the dances in which the
Australians so much delight.
As may be gathered from the account of these ceremonies, the lad who is
admitted into the society of hunters thinks very much of himself, and
addresses himself to the largest game of Australia; namely, the emu and
the dingo. When he has succeeded in killing either of these creatures,
he makes a trophy, which he carries about for some time, as a proof
that he is doing credit to his profession. This trophy consists of a
stick, a yard or so in length, to one end of which is tied the tail of
the first dingo he kills, or a huge tuft of feathers from the first
emu. These trophies he displays everywhere, and is as proud of them as
an English lad of his first brush, or of his first pheasant’s tail.
Among the Moorundi natives, who live on the great Murray River, another
ceremony is practised. When the lads are about sixteen years old, and
begin to grow the beard and moustache which become so luxuriant in
their after-life, preparations are quietly made by sending for some
men from a friendly tribe, who are called, from their office, the
_weearoos_, or pluckers. When they have arrived, the lads who have been
selected are suddenly pounced upon by some one of their own tribe, and
conducted to the place of initiation, which is marked by two spears
set in the ground, inclining to each other, and being decorated with
bunches of emu feathers. They are then smeared over with red ochre and
grease, and the women flock round them, crying bitterly, and cutting
their own legs with mussel-shells, until they inflict horrible gashes,
and cause the blood to flow abundantly. In fact, a stranger would think
that the women, and not the lads, were the initiates.
The boys lie down, with their heads to the spears, surrounded by their
anxious friends, who watch them attentively to see if they display any
indications of flinching from pain. The weearoos now advance, and pluck
off every hair from their bodies, thus causing a long and irritating
torture. When they have endured this process, green branches are
produced, and fastened to the bodies of the lads, one being worn as
an apron, and the others under the arms. Two kangaroo teeth are then
fastened in the hair, and the young men, as they are now termed, are
entitled to wear a bunch of emu feathers in their hair.
With another tribe there is a curious variation. The initiate is
brought to the selected spot by an old man, and laid on his back in the
midst of five fires, each fire consisting of three pieces of wood laid
across each other so as to form a triangle. An opossum-skin bag is laid
on his face, and the various operations are then performed.
Among the Parnkallas, and other western tribes, there are no less than
three distinct ceremonies before the boys are acknowledged as men.
The first ceremony is a very simple one. When the boys are twelve
or fifteen years old, they are carried away from the women, and are
blindfolded. The operators then begin to shout the words “Herri, herri”
with the full force of their lungs, swinging at the same time the
mysterious instrument called the _witarna_.
This mysterious implement is a small shuttle-shaped piece of wood,
covered with carved ornaments, and being suspended, by a hole cut at
one end, from a string made of plaited human hair. When swung rapidly
in the air, it makes a loud humming or booming sound. The witarna is
kept by the old men of the tribe, and is invested with sundry and
somewhat contradictory attributes. Its sound is supposed to drive away
evil spirits, and at the same time to be very injurious to women and
children, no uninitiated being allowed to hear it. Consequently the
women are horribly afraid of it, and take care to remove themselves and
their children so far from the place of initiation that there is no
chance of being reached by the dreaded sound.
When the witarna has been duly swung, and the blindfolded boys have
for the first time heard its booming sound, the operators advance,
and blacken the faces of the boys, ordering them at the same time to
cease from using their natural voices, and not to speak above a whisper
until they are released from their bondage. They remain whisperers for
several months, and, when they resume their voices, assume the title of
warrara.
They remain in the condition of warrara for at least two, and sometimes
three years, when they undergo a ceremony resembling the circumcision
of the Jews. Their hair is tied in a bunch on the top of the head, is
not allowed to be cut, and is secured by a net.
The net used for this purpose is made out of the tendons drawn from the
tails of kangaroos. When they kill one of these animals, the natives
always reserve the tendons, dry them carefully in the sun, and keep
them in reserve for the many uses to which they are put. The sinews
taken from the leg of the emu are dried and prepared in the same
manner. In order to convert the sinew into thread, two of the fibres
are taken and rolled upon the thigh, just as is done with the fibre
of the bulrush root. A thread of many yards long is thus spun, and is
formed into a net with meshes made exactly after the European fashion.
Sometimes it is left plain, but usually it is colored with red ochre,
or white with pipe-clay, according to the taste of the wearer. These
tendons, by the way, are valued by the white colonists, who use them
chiefly for whip-lashes, and say that the tendon is more durable than
any other material.
The initiates of the second degree are also distinguished by wearing
a bell-shaped apron, made of opossum fur spun together, and called
“mabbirringe.” This is worn until the third and last ceremony. The
young men are now distinguished by the name of Partnapas, and are
permitted to marry, though they are not as yet considered as belonging
to the caste, if we may so call it, of warriors.
Even now, the young men have not suffered sufficient pain to take
their full rank, and in course of time a ceremony takes place in which
they become, so to speak, different beings, and change, not only their
appearance, but their names. Up to this time, they have borne the names
given to them by their mothers in childhood, names which are always
of a trivial character, and which are mostly numerical. For example,
if the first child be a boy, it is called Peri (_i. e._ Primus); if a
girl, Kartanya (_i. e._ Prima). The second boy is Wari (or Secundus),
the second girl Waruyau, and so on. Sometimes the name is taken
from the place where the child was born, or from some accidental
circumstance, such as the appearance of a bird or insect, or the
falling of a shower of rain. But, when the youth becomes a man, he puts
away this childish name, and chooses another for himself, which marks
him out as a man and a warrior. The process of converting a lad into a
man is admirably told by Mr. G. F. Angas:--
“In the third and last ceremony the young men are styled _Wilyalkanye_,
when the most important rites take place. Each individual has a sponsor
chosen for him, who is laid on his back upon another man’s lap, and
surrounded by the operators, who enjoin him to discharge his duties
aright. The young men are then led away from the camp, and blindfolded;
the women lamenting and crying, and pretending to object to their
removal.
“They are taken to a retired spot, laid upon their stomachs, and
entirely covered over with kangaroo skins; the men uttering the most
dismal wail imaginable, at intervals of from three to five minutes.
After lying thus for some time, the lads are raised, and, whilst still
blindfolded, two men throw green boughs at them, while the others
stand in a semicircle around, making a noise with their _wirris_ and
voices combined, which is so horrible that the wild dogs swell the
hideous chorus with their howlings. Suddenly one of the party drops a
bough, others follow; and a platform of boughs is made, on which the
lads are laid out. The sponsors then turn to and sharpen their pieces
of quartz, choosing a new name for each lad, which is retained by him
during life. These names all end either in _alta_, _ilti_, or _ulta_.
Previous to this day they have borne the names of their birth-places,
&c.; which is always the case amongst the women, who never change them
afterward. The sponsors now open the veins of their own arms, and,
raising the lads, open their mouths, and make them swallow the first
quantity of blood.
“The lads are then placed on their hands and knees, and the blood
caused to run over their backs, so as to form one coagulated mass;
and when this is sufficiently cohesive, one man marks the places for
the tattooing by removing the blood with his thumb nail. The sponsor
now commences with his quartz, forming a deep incision in the nape of
the neck, and then cutting broad gashes from the shoulder to the hip
down each side, about an inch apart. These gashes are pulled open by
the fingers as far as possible; the men all the while repeating very
rapidly, in a low voice, the following incantation:--
“‘Kanya, marra, marra,
Kano, marra, marra,
Pilbirri, marra, marra.’
When the cutting is over, two men take the _witarnas_, and swing them
rapidly round their heads, advancing all the time toward the young men.
The whole body of operators now draw round them, singing and beating
their _wirris_, and, as they reach the lads, each man puts the string
of the _witarna_ over the neck of every lad in succession. A bunch of
green leaves is tied round the waist, above which is a girdle of human
hair; a tight string is fastened round each arm just above the elbow,
with another about the neck, which descends down the back, and is fixed
to the girdle of hair; and their faces and the upper part of their
bodies, as far as the waist, are blackened with charcoal.
“The ceremony concludes by the men all clustering round the initiated
ones, enjoining them again to whisper for some months, and bestowing
upon them their advice as regards hunting, fighting and contempt of
pain. All these ceremonies are carefully kept from the sight of the
women and children; who, when they hear the sound of the _witarna_,
hide their heads, and exhibit every outward sign of terror.”
[Illustration: (1.) MINTALTA, A NAUO MAN. (See page 764.)]
[Illustration: (2.) YOUNG MAN AND BOY. (South Australia.) (See page
771.)]
[Illustration: (3.) SMALL STONE HUT FOR CURE OF DISEASE. (See p. 771.)]
[Illustration: (4.) TOMB OF SKULLS. (Cape York.) (See page 773.)]
The illustration No. 1, on page 765, is given in order to show the
curious appearance which is sometimes presented by the men when they
have successfully passed through their various ordeals. The name of the
man was Mintalta, and he belonged to the Nauo tribe, which lives near
Coffin’s Bay. In his hand he holds the waddy, and, by way of apron,
he wears a bunch of emu feathers. Across his breast are seen the bold
ridges which mark his rank as a man, and others are seen upon his arms.
His beard is gathered into a long pointed tuft, and decorated with a
little bunch of white cockatoo feathers at the tip. In his hair he
wears two curious ornaments. These are not feather plumes, as they seem
to be in the illustration, but are simply slender sticks of white wood,
scraped so as to let the shavings adhere by one end. Indeed, they are
made exactly like those little wooden brooms that are sometimes hawked
by German girls about the streets, or, to use a more familiar simile,
like the curly-branched trees in children’s toy-boxes.
Many of the particulars which have been and will be related of the
domestic life of the Australians were obtained in a very curious
manner. In the autumn of 1849 some persons belonging to H.M.S.
_Rattlesnake_ were out shooting, when they came across a native woman,
or gin, dressed rather better than the generality of native women, as
she wore a narrow apron of leaves. To their astonishment, the supposed
gin addressed them in English, saying that she was a white woman, and
desired their help. They immediately furnished her with some clothing,
and brought her on board the _Rattlesnake_, where she contrived to make
known her sad story. Her name was Thomson, and she was the widow of the
owner of a small vessel. Cruising one day in search of a wreck, the
pilot missed his way, a gale of wind came on, and the vessel was dashed
on a reef on the Eastern Prince of Wales Island. The men tried to swim
on shore through the surf, but were drowned, while the woman was saved
by a party of natives, who came on board the wreck after the gale had
subsided, and took her ashore.
The tribe into whose hands she had fallen was the Kowrárega, which
inhabits Muralug, on the Western Prince of Wales Island. When she got
ashore, one of the principal men, who fully held the popular idea
that the white men are the ghosts of dead natives, recognized in Mrs.
Thomson a daughter named Gi’ôm, who had long ago died. He accordingly
took her home as his daughter, she was acknowledged by the tribe as one
of themselves, and was forced to become the wife of one of the natives,
called Boroto.
For nearly five years she was kept prisoner by the blacks, and,
although she could see many English ships pass within a few miles, she
was so closely watched that escape was hopeless. At last, when the
smoke signals told the tribe that another vessel was approaching,
Gi’ôm cleverly worked on the cupidity of the aborigines, and persuaded
them to take her to the mainland, promising them to procure plenty of
axes, knives, tobacco, and other things which an Australian savage
values above all things, and saying that she had lived so long with
the natives that she could not think of leaving them. When she was
safely lodged on board, many of her friends came to see her, bringing
presents of fish and turtle, but always expecting an equivalent. Boroto
was one of the visitors, and in vain tried to persuade her to return.
When she definitely refused, he became very angry, and left the ship
in a passion, declaring that, if he or any of his friends could catch
her ashore, they would take off her head and carry it to Muralug. Not
feeling the least doubt that the threat would be fulfilled, she never
ventured on shore near those parts of the coast which the Kowráregas
seemed likely to visit.
Being a woman of no education, she had in the course of her sojourn
among the natives almost forgotten how to express herself in her native
tongue, and for some time mixed Kowrárega words and phrases with
English in a very curious manner. A vast amount of valuable information
was obtained from her, but when she was restored to civilization, she
forgot the language and customs of savage life with singular rapidity,
her untrained mind being unable to comprehend the mutual relationship
of ideas, and utterly incapable of generalization.
From her was learned the curious but dreadful fact that many of the
really unprovoked assaults on ships’ crews while unsuspectingly
visiting the shore were instigated by white men, who had degraded
themselves into companionship with native tribes, and, by reason of
their superior knowledge, had gained a supremacy over them. One of
these men had lived with the Badu tribe many years, and, having heard
of a white woman among the Kowráregas, visited Muralug, and tried to
induce Gi’ôm to leave Boroto and share his fortunes. Who he was is not
known. He goes by the name of Wini, and is supposed to be an escaped
convict, who repels the visits of English ships, lest he should be
captured and sent back to prison. By means of his instigations, the
Badu people became so violently opposed to all white men that any
European who visited that part of the country would do so at the
imminent hazard of his life.
Among many of these tribes, there is a custom which is common also to
many savages in all parts of the world. This is the custom of making
“kotaiga,” or brotherhood, with strangers. When Europeans visit their
districts, and behave as they ought to do, the natives generally unite
themselves in bonds of fellowship with the strangers, each selecting
one of them as his kotaiga. The new relations are then considered as
having mutual responsibilities, each being bound to forward the welfare
of the other.
The memory of the natives is wonderful, and, even if a ship does not
repeat a visit until after a lapse of several years, no sooner does
she arrive than the natives swarm on board, and at once pick out
their kotaigas. They bring presents to their guests while on board;
they accompany them joyfully to the shore; they carry their bags and
haversacks for them; they take them on hunting, shooting, and fishing
excursions, point out the game, retrieve it, no matter where it may
have fallen, and carry it home on their shoulders rejoicing. Of course
they expect biscuit and tobacco in return for their kind offices, but
the wages are very cheap, and their services are simply invaluable. The
rescue of Mr. M’Gillivray and his party from the threatened attack of
the natives was owing to the fact that one of them, the friendly native
who gave him warning, and saw him and his party safely off in their
boats, was his kotaiga, and bound in honor to save him.
INDEX.
A.
Abyssinia, 641.
Accawaios, So. America, 1222.
Admiralty Islanders, 970.
Adoption of Parents, Namaquas, 279.
AGRICULTURE among the
Badema, 367. Bakalai, 492. Batoka, 350. Bayeye, 338. Bouka, 971.
Dinka, 470. Djour, 448. Fuegians, 1168. Gani, 430. Guianans,
1246. Hebrides, New, 972. Hottentots, 231. Kaffirs, 138, 139-144.
Manganjas, 355. Ovambos, 319. Shekiani, 522. Wasagara, 407. Watusi,
409.
Ahitas, Philippine Islands, 920.
Ahts, Vancouver’s Island, 1354.
Ajitas, Philippine Islands, 920.
Alapu-ches, Chili, S. A., 1190.
Alfoërs, New Guinea, 905.
Alfouras, New Guinea, 905.
Amaharas, Africa, 667.
Amakosa, Africa, 12.
Amaponda, Africa, 12.
Amaswazi, Africa, 12.
Amatonga, Africa, 12.
Amazonians, So. Am., 1215.
Amazons, Africa, 567.
Amazulu, Africa, 12.
Amulets, see Charms.
AMUSEMENTS among the
Ahts, 1336. Apono, 487. Araucanians, 1204. Australians, 748-753.
Bayeye, 339. Bechuanas, 293, 297. Begharmis, 639. Bosjesmans,
262-4. Camma, 509. Co-yukons, 1375. Damaras, 313. Dory, 917. Dyaks,
1141-1144. Esquimaux, 1349. Fanti, 553. Fijians, 954. Gallas, 671.
Ghoorkas, 1424. Guianans, 1252-1255. Hottentots, 234-236. Indians,
N. A., 1285-1298, 1320-1325. Ishogo, 479. Japanese, 1454, 1462.
Kaffirs, 144-147. Korannas, 270. Madi, 433. Makololo, 335. Malemutes,
1374. Maories, 845. Marquesans, 1049. Namaquas, 278. Ovambos, 320.
Pelew Islanders, 1108. Samoans, 1026. Sandwich Islanders, 1092-1096.
Shooas, 629. Tahitans, 1062, 1063. Tasmanians, 753. Tibboos, 633.
Tongans, 995, 996, 1004. Tuaricks, 634. Tungusi, 1380. Wanyoro, 426.
Wanyamuezi, 390-393. Waraus, 1261. Watusi, 409. Zealanders, New,
818-822.
Ancient Europe, 1473.
Andamaners, 888.
Anecdote of Korannas, 269.
Anecdotes of Bosjesmans, 267.
Aneiteum, New Hebrides, 975.
Angolese, Africa, 380.
ANIMALS of
Australia, 701. Guiana, 1222. Fondness for in Guiana, 1258. Dogs of
Esquimaux, 1346. Of Africa, 126. Of Kaffirs, 127, 140. Of India,
1416-1421.
Apingi, Africa, 488.
Apono, Africa, 484.
Aprons of Kaffirs, Africa, 48.
Arabs, Africa, 687.
Araucanians, S. A., 1190.
Arawaks, Guiana, 1222.
ARCHITECTURE of
Abyssinia, 667. Ahts, 1369. Ancient Europe, 1473. Andamaners, 892.
Apono, 487. Australians, 784-786. Bakalai, 491. Balonda, 378. B ari,
464. Bayeye, 339. Bechuanas, 297, 299. Bedouins, 682. Begharmis, 635.
Bonny, 601. Bornabi, 1103. Bornuese, 626. Bosjesmans, 251. Britain,
New, 970. Caledonians, New, 884. Dahome, 562. Damaras, 310-311.
Dor, 447. Dory, 914. Dyaks, 1149-1150. Egbas, 592. Esquimaux, 1335.
Fijians, 956. Fuegians, 1165. Gani, 429. Guianans, 1245-1270. Guinea,
New, 912. Hassaniyeh, 686. Hervey Islanders, 1037. Hottentots, 227,
228. Hovas, 690. Indians, N. A., 1329. Ingeletes, 1375. Ireland, New,
970. Ishogos, 476. Japanese, 1461. Kaffirs, 56, 62, 207. Kanemboos,
627. Kingsmill Islanders, 1038. Madi, 433. Makololo, 328. Malagasy,
690. Malemutes, 1374. Maories, 866. Mapuchés, 1192. Marquesans,
1049. Mexicans, 1272. Nicobarians, 896. Niuans, 1056. Nubians,
674. Obongos, 482. Ostiaks, 1384. Outanatas, 901. Ovambos, 316.
Patagonians, 1185. Pelew Islanders, 1108. Samoans, 1031. Shekiani,
522. Shillooks, 472. Shooas, 629. Siamese, 1472. Society Islanders,
1073. Tungusi, 1379. Waganda, 419. Wanyamuezi, 389. Waraus, 1268.
Wazaramo, 406.
Armor of Japanese, 1460.
Art of Japanese, 1465.
Ashangos, Africa, 480.
Ashanti, Africa, 554.
Ashira, Africa, 496.
Assagais, Kaffir, Africa, 94, 100.
Aurora, description of, 1352.
Australia, Polynesia, 694.
Ayhuttisahts, Vancouver’s Island, 1354.
B.
Badema, Africa, 367.
Baenda-pezi, or Go-Nakeds, Batoka, 349.
Bahurotsi, Africa, 280.
Bakalai, Africa, 491.
Bakoba, Africa, 337.
Bakwains, Africa, 280.
Balonda, Africa, 369.
Balondo, Africa, 369.
Bamairis, Africa, 286.
Bamangwato, Africa, 295.
Bantus, Africa, 11.
Banyai, Africa, 361.
Barber, Chinese, 1427.
Barea, Africa, 668.
Bari, Africa, 462.
Barolongs, Africa, 280.
Bathing, Japanese, 1453, 1454.
Batlapis, Africa, 280.
Batlares, Africa, 286.
Batoanas, Africa, 337.
Batoka, Africa, 348.
Batonga, Africa, 348.
Bayeye, Africa, 337.
Beauty, see Women.
Bechuanas, Africa, 280.
Bedouins, Africa, 681.
Begharmis, Africa, 635.
Betrothal, see Marriage.
Blackfeet, North America, 1273.
Bonny, Africa, 600.
Bornabi, Caroline Islands, 1103.
Bornuese, Africa, 620.
Bosjesman, Africa, 242.
Bouka, Polynesia, 971.
Brahmins, India, 1408.
Britain, New, Polynesia, 969.
Brumer’s Island, Australasia, 907.
Bubes, Africa, 610.
BURIAL of the dead among
Abyssinians, 659. Ahitas, 921. Ahts, 1373. Ajitas, 921. Alfoërs,
906. Angolese, 328-383. Apingi, 490. Apono, 488. Araucanians,
1210. Ashira, 503. Australians, 772-777. Balonda, 380. Bari, 464.
Bechuanas, 300. Camma, 520. Co-yukons, 1375. Dahome, 588. Damaras,
314. Dory, 917. Dyaks, 1160. Esquimaux, 1351. Fanti, 550. Fijians,
965-967. Of Fijian chief, 965. Hottentots, 241. Indians, N. A., 1330.
Kaffir, 200-295. Karague, 405. Kingsmill Islanders, 1043. Krumen,
548. Latookas, 459. Makololo, 336. Manganjas, 360. Marquesans,
1051. Mincopies, 895. Mpongwé, 527. Nicobarians, 897. Niuans, 1056.
Obongos, 483. Patagonians, 1189. Pelew Islanders, 1109. Samoïedes,
1382. Siamese, 1472. Sioux, 1330. Society Islanders, 1076. Sowrahs,
1389. Tongans, 1004. Waganda, 421. Wanyamuezi, 396. Wanyoro, 428.
Wazaramo, 406. Zealand, New, 869-874.
Bushman, Africa, 242.
Button, Chinese, 1429.
C.
Caledonians, New, 883.
Camanchees, N. A., 1289.
Camma, Africa, 504.
CANNIBALISM among
Ahts, 1372. Andamaners, 891. Australians, 747. In Britain, New, 970.
Bonny, 602. Caledonia, New, 885. Among Caribs, 1240. Fans, 530-535.
Fijians, 942-946. Fuegians, 1167. In Ireland, New, 970. Among Isle
of Pines Men, 887. Kingsmill Islanders, 1040. Maories, 834-837.
Marquesans, 1051. Niuans, 1056. Papuans, 900. Samoans, 1022-1023.
Sandwich Islanders, 1091. Society Islanders, 1073. Solomon Islanders,
968. Tanna, 972. Tungusi, 1379.
CANOES, making and skill in management of, among
Admiralty Islanders, 971. Ahts, 1362. Australians, 701-717. Batoka,
349. Bayeye, 338. Bouka, 971. Brumer Islanders, 908-911. Caledonians,
New, 829. Dyaks, 1136. Esquimaux, 1344. Fanti, 549. Fijians, 932.
Fuegians, 1168. In Guinea, New, 913. Among Indians, N. A., 1325.
Krumen, 544. Makoba, 340. Makololo, 327. Maories, 825. Marquesans,
1051. Mincopies, 890. Nicobarians, 897. Niuans, 1056. Outanatas,
902. Papuans, 900. Pelew Islanders, 1107. Samoans, 1020. In San
Christoval, 970. Among Society Islanders, 1074, Solomon Islanders,
969. Waraus, 1222, 1262.
Caribs, Guiana, S. A., 1222.
Caroline Islands, 1100.
CASTE, among
Damaras, 312. Karague, 399. Khonds, 1393. Sowrahs, 1385. Zealanders,
New, 792.
Catlin’s portrait of Indian dandy, 1279.
CATTLE of the
Balonda, 376. Bosjesmans, 254. Damaras, 310. Hottentots, 233.
Kaffirs, 66-71. Kytch, 439. Latookas, 454. Malagasy, 690. Namaquas,
277. Shooas, 629. Watusi, 409.
CEREMONIES, connected with
Accession of son, Damaras, 314. Battle, before and after, New
Zealand, 851. Becoming men, Australians, 761-764. Birth, Abyssinians,
658. Fijians, 954, New Zealanders, 816. Burial of King, Fijians, 967.
Cementing friendship, Balondos, 378. Cooking war dish, Ashangos,
480. Coronation, Congoese, 616, Mpongwé, 527. Customs, Dahomans,
573. Death of King, Tongans, 993-994. Death and Mourning, Camma,
520. Drinking kava, Tongans, 985-990. Entering boyhood, Kaffirs, 18.
Fallen in war, Caledonians, New, 886. Feast of First Fruits, Tongans,
990-993. Funeral of Finow, Tongans, 998. Going to War, Bechuanas,
292. Head-worship, Dahomans, 587. Homage to Manono, Samoans, 1022.
Initiation of Cannibal, Malemutes, 1372. Kangaroo, Australians,
762. King, appearing before, Dahomans, 574. Making brotherhood,
Australians, 767, Araucanians, 1205. Marriage, Kaffirs, 86, Samoans,
1031, Sowrahs, 1386. M’paza, or twin, Ishogos, 479. Moon, full,
Camma, 510, Fans, 539. Moon, New, Karagne, 401, Mincopies, 895.
Mourning, Australians, 772. Ox of the Girl, Kaffirs, 86. Ox of the
Surplus, Kaffirs, 86. Receiving Guests, Waganda, 419. Reception into
“Mides,” N. A. Indians, 1310. Religious, Abyssinians, 658, Esquimaux,
1350. “Rupack,” Pelew Islanders, 1104. Sacrificial, Kaffirs, 172,
Society Islanders, 1075. Setting apart “piai” men, Guiana, 1263.
Shedding of blood, Dyaks, 1159. Sickness, Tongans, 998. Society of
hunters, Australians, 763. Sprinkling water, Dahomans, 588, New
Zealand, 817. Tow-tow, Tongans, 994-995. Visiting, Fijians, 940.
CHARMS among
Abyssinians, 665, 666. Angolese, 381. Apingi, 490. Australians, 771.
Bechuanas, 292. Dyaks, 1158. Fans, 539. Indians, N. A., 1313. Kaffir,
181-183. Karague, 402. Namaquas, 277. Nubians, 674. Waganda, 419.
Wanyoro, 428.
Charming serpents, India, 1416.
Cherokees, No. America, 1331.
Chickasaws, No. America, 1319.
CHILDREN, treatment of among
Andamaners, 892. Arawaks, 1247. Australians, 757, 758. Bakalai, 492.
Co-yukons, 1375. Esquimaux, 1349. Fijians, 954. Flat-heads, 1319,
1320. Indians, Gran Chaco, 1214. Indians, N. A., 1319. Ingeletes,
1375. Ishogo, 479. Kaffir, 16-18. Madi, 433. Mapuchés, 1192.
Outanatas, 901. Patagonians, 1186. Samoans, 1009. Wanyamuezi, 393.
Zealanders, New, 816, 817.
Chinese, China, 1426.
Chinnooks, No. America, 1319.
Choctaws, No. America, 1319.
Chopsticks, Chinese, 1431.
Christie’s sketch, Bosjesman, 266.
Chuanas, Africa, 280.
CLEANLINESS among
Abyssinians, 667. Bakalai, 492, 493. Esquimaux, 1333. Fuegians, 1168.
Kaffirs, 45. Madi, 430. Manganjas, 359. Ostiaks, 1384. Wanyamuezi,
393. Wanyoro, 422-426. Waraus, 1258. Watusi, 409.
Commi, Africa, 504.
COMPLEXION of
Abyssinians, 642. Ahitas, 290. Ahts, 1355. Angolese, 380. Apingi,
488. Australians, 694. Bakalai, 492. Balondo, 370. Batoka, 348.
Begharmis, 636. Bosjesmans, 243. Bouka, 971. Caledonians, New,
883. Camma, 505. Djibbas, 464. Dyaks, 1111. Egbas, 590. Esquimaux,
1333. Fans, 529. Fanti, 549. Fijians, 922. Fuegians, 1162. Gallas,
671. Hebrides, New, 972. Hervey Islanders, 1032. Hottentots, 217.
Hovas, 690. Indians, Gran Chaco, 1211. Indians, N. Am. 1273.
Isle of Pines Men, 887. Japanese, 1449. Karague, 399. Kingsmill
Islanders, 1038. Krumen, 545. Makololo, 327. Marquesans, 1047.
Mundurucús, 1215. Neam-Nam, 442. Nicobarians, 896. Nubians, 673.
Obongos, 482. Outanatas, 900. Papuans, 898. Patagonians, 1172. Pelew
Islanders, 1104. Samoans, 1008. Sandwich Islanders, 1081. Shekiani,
522. Siamese, 1468. Solomon Islanders, 968. Tahitans, 1058. Tanna
Islanders, 972. Tongans, 977. Vaté Islanders, 972. Waraus, 1222.
Zealanders, New, 792.
Congoese, Africa, 614.
Cooking, see Food.
Cook’s Islanders, Polynesia, 1032.
Co-yukons, Alaska, 1375.
Cree tribe, North America, 1313.
Creeks, North America, 1331.
Crow tribe, North America, 1273.
“Crowing” of Damaras, 310.
Crucifixion, Chinese, 1439.
Crucifixion, Japanese, 1461.
CRUELTY to aged among
Fijians, 954. Indians, 1320. Namaquas, 278. To prisoners, Fijians,
954.
Customs, Dahome, 573.
CUSTOMS, curious, of
Alfoërs, 906. Araucanians, 1205. Ashanti, Yam and Adai, 559.
Caledonians, New, 887. Dyaks, 1136. Fijians, Loloku of the sail, 967.
Guianans, 1247. Hervey Islanders, 1034. Kanemboos, 627. Kingsmill
Islanders, 1040. Marquesans, 1049. Obongos, domestic, 482. Ovambos,
at meals, 322. Tahitans, 1061. Tchuktchi, 1378. Tongans, 982.
D.
Dacotahs, North America, 1307.
Dahomans, Africa, 561.
Damaras, Africa, 304.
Dancing, see Amusements.
DANCES of
Ahts, doctor’s nook, 1366, roof, 1366. Apono, giant, 487. Arawaks,
puris, 1252. Australians, kuri, 748, palti, 752, kangaroo, 752,
pedeku, 751, frog, 751, corrobboree, 752. Bechuanas, 297. Bosjesmans,
262. Camma, gorilla, 509. Damaras, 313. Dyaks, sword, 1143, war,
1143, head, 1143. Esquimaux, 1349. Fans, full moon, 539. Fijians,
955. Guianans, maquarri, 1255. Hottentots, melon, 235. Indians, N.
A., scalp, 1286, buffalo, 1297, ball-play, 1320, pipe, 1320, beggar’s
bear, 1320, dog, 1320, eagle, 1323, braves, 1323, green corn, 1323,
snow-shoe, 1323, slave, 1323. Kaffir, wedding, 55. Korannas, 270.
Latookas, funeral, 459. Madi, 433. Malemutes, 1374. Marquesans, 1049.
New Guinea, war, 917. New Zealand, war, 845. Niuans, war, 1055. Pelew
Islanders, 1108. Samoans, wedding, 1031. Shooas, 668. Tasmanians,
753. Tungusi, 1380. Wanyamuezi, 390. Watusi, 409.
Dankallis, Africa, 671.
Delawares, North America, 1331.
Dingan, Kaffir chief, visit to, 91.
Dingan at home, 207.
Dinkas, Africa, 469.
Djibba, Africa, 464.
Djour, Africa, 448.
Dog eater, initiation of, Ahts, 1371.
Dôr, Africa, 444.
Dory, Africa, 914.
DRESS among
Abyssinians, 642-647. Accawaios, 1222. Admiralty Islanders, 970.
Ahts, 1355. Andamaners, 889. Apingi, 489. Apono, 484. Ashango, 480.
Ashanti, 554. Ashira, 496. Australians, 699-705. Bakalai, 492.
Balonda, 370. Bari, 463, 464. Batoka, 348. Bayeye, 339. Bechuanas,
284. Bedouins, 681. Bonny, 603. Bornabi, 1103. Bornuese, 621.
Bosjesmans, 246. Bouka, 971. Britain, New, 969. Brumer’s Islanders,
907. Bubes, 610. Caledonians, New, 883. Caribs, 1222. Chinese, 1429.
Congoese, 616. Co-yukons, 1375. Dahomans, 568. Damaras, 306. Dinkas,
469. Djibbas, 467. Dor, 447. Dory, 914. Dyaks, 1112-1116-1118. Egbas,
591. Esquimaux, 1334. Fans, 529. Fanti, 549. Fijians, 926-928.
Fuegians, 1162. Gallas, 671. Gani, 430. Guianans, 1256-1258.
Hebrides, New, 972. Hervey Islanders, 1032. Hottentots, 222. Hovas,
690. Indians, Gran Chaco, 1212. Indians, North America, 1275, 1276.
Ireland, New, 969. Ishogos, 479. Isle of Pines Men, 887. Japanese,
kami-samo, 1449-1453. Kaffirs, 28-51, 53, change of on betrothal,
Kaffir, 51. Kanemboos, 627. Karague, 405. Khonds, 1389. Kingsmill
Islanders, 1038. Korannas, 270. Krumen, 545. Kytch, 436. Latookas,
453. Madi, 430-433. Makoba, 339. Makololo, 327. Malagasy, 690.
Malemutes, 1374. Manganja, 356. Mapuchés, 1190-1191. Marquesans,
1044. Mpongwé, 524. Musguese, 639. Namaquas, 275. Neam-Nam, 442.
Nicobarians, 896. Niuans, 1055. Nubians, 673. Nuehr, 468. Obbo,
434. Obongos, 482. Outanatas, 900. Ovambos, 316. Papuans, 900.
Patagonians, 1173. Pelew Islanders, 1104. Romanzoff Islanders, 1100.
Samoans, 1009, 1013, 1014. Samoïedes, 1383. Sandwich Islanders,
1081. Shillooks, 472. Shir, 461. Shooas, 630. Siamese, 1468. Solomon
Islanders, 969. Soumaulis, 672. Sowrahs, 1386. Tahitans, 1059.
Tibboos, 630. Tongans, gnatoo, 977. Tuaricks, 634. Vaté Islanders,
972. Wagogo, 385. Wanyamuezi, 386. Waraus, 1269. Wasagara, 407.
Watusi, 408. Wazaramo, 406. Zealanders, New, 807-813.
DRINKS, intoxicating, of
Abyssinia, 657. Apingi, 490. Apono, 484. Ashira, 498. Araucanians,
1203. Balonda, 377. Chinese, 1429. Congoese, 616. Dyaks, 1145. Fans,
539. Guianans, 1251. Kaffir, 152. Karague, 400, 401. Krumen, 546.
Manganja, 359. Wanyamuezi 393, 394. Waraus, 1269.
Dust signals of Outanatas, 902.
Dutulu, adventures of, 69.
Dyaks, Land, Borneo, 1110.
Dyaks, Sea, 1110.
E.
Eastern Islands, 1100.
Economy of Chinese, 1443.
Egbas, Africa, 590.
Elephant catching, Bayeye, 338.
Elephant, white, Siam, 1471.
Endurance, see Strength.
Errumanga, New Hebrides, 975.
Esquimaux, N. America, 1333.
ETIQUETTE among
Abyssinians, 657. Ashiras, 498. Araucanians, 1205. Balonda. 377.
Batokas, 350. Bonny, 601. Cammas, 505-509. Dahomans, 566, 585.
Fijians, 940, 941. Japanese, 1459. Kaffir, 87, 148, 160. Makololo,
326. Maories, 824, 850. Mapuchés, 1193. Samoans, 1009. Siamese, 1471.
Tahitans, 1069. Waganda, 410. Wanyanmuezi, 389. Waraus, 1261. Watusi,
408.
Europe, Ancient, 1473.
F.
Fans, Africa, 529.
Fans, Chinese, 1430.
Fans, war, Japanese, 1461.
Fanti, Africa, 548.
FEASTS of
Abyssinians, raw flesh, 656. Abyssinians, wedding, 658. Ahts, 1364.
Arawaks, piwarri, 1252. Chinese, of lanterns, 1431. Fans, marriage,
536. Fijians, given to gods, 942. Fuegians, 1167. Indians, N. A.,
dog, 1330. Kaffir, first fruits, 172. Malemutes, 1374. Samoans,
wedding, 1031. Waikato, hui, 827.
Feet of women, Chinese, 1428.
Female soldiers, Dahomans, 567.
Fetishes, Ashanti, 559.
Fijians, Australia, 922.
FIRE-MAKING
among Australians, 786. Dyaks, 1151. Fuegians, 1168. Kaffir, 100.
FISHING among
Ahts, 1356-1361. Australians, 710, 728. Badema, with nets, 367.
Balonda, 377. Bayeye, 388. Chinese, with cormorants, 1444. Dyaks,
1118, 1132. Esquimaux, 1343. Fijians, turtle, 931. Fuegians, 1166.
Guinea, New, 913. Hervey Islanders, 1037. Kanemboos, 627. Malemutes,
whale, 1361, salmon, 1360. Maories, 830-833. Marquesans, 1051.
Ostiaks, 1384. Ovambo, 320. Samoans, 1026. Sandwich Islanders, 1086.
Shillooks, 472.
Flat Heads, N. America, 1319.
FOOD of, and modes of eating among
Abyssinians, 655. Ahts, 1364. Andamaners, 891. Angolese, manioc,
381. Araucanians, 1200. Ashira, 497. Australians, turtle and snakes,
702-714. Bakalai, 492. Balonda, manioc, 376. Banyai, 366. Bechuanas,
296. Bedouins, 684. Bosjesmans, 252. Caledonians, New, 885. Chinese,
bird-nests, 1432. Damaras, 313. Dyaks, 1118-1144. Esquimaux, 1336,
special dainties, 1337. Fans, 534. Fijians, 941, 942. Fuegians, 1166,
1168. Guianans, 1248, 1249. Hervey Islanders, 1037. Hottentots, 232,
233. Kaffir, 131, 132, 147-151, 157. Kytch, 439. Makololo, 326.
Mandingoes, 608. Maories, 827-834. Mpongwé, 524. Mundurucús, 1220.
Neam-Nam, 442. Ovambo, 322. Patagonians, 1185. Samoans, palolo, 1030,
1031. Sandwich Islanders, 1086. Shir tribe, 462. Shoas, 668. Swiss
Lake-dwellers, 1474. Tungusi, 1380. Wanyamuezi, 394. Wanyoro, 426.
Waraus, 1269.
Form of women, Hottentots, 218.
Fox tribe, N. America, 1323.
Fuegians, Tierra del Fuego, 1161.
Funerals, see Burial.
FURNITURE,
Japanese, 1462. Kaffir, 206. See Architecture.
G.
Gallas, Africa, 671.
GAMES of
Abyssinians, the ladies, 653. Araucanians, pelican, 1204. Avas,
1204. Dyaks, 1141-1143. Fijians, 954. Indians, N. A., archery, 1285,
chung-chee, 1324, al-kol-lock, 1324, pagessan, or bowl, 1324, ball,
1324, leaping rock, 1329. Japanese, children’s, 1462. Japanese mall,
1454, ladder balancing, 1456, top spinning, 1456, butterfly trick,
1456. Makololo, children’s, 332. New Zealand children’s, 818. Society
Islanders, children’s, 1095. Wanyamuezi, children’s, 393.
Gani, Africa, 429.
Ghou Damup, Africa, 304.
Ghoorkas, India, 1395.
Gilbert Islands, 1100.
Gold washing, Ashanti, 555.
Gonaquas, Africa, 274.
Goura, musical instrument, Bosjesmans, 264.
GOVERNMENT, mode of among
Abyssinians, 649. Ajitas, 920. Alfoërs, 905. Angolese, 380. Balonda,
369. Banyai, 361. Bechuanas, 286. Bornuese, 621. Camina, 504-506.
Dory, 914. Fijians, 934. Fuegians, 1171. Indians, N. A., 1275.
Kingsmill Islanders, 1040. Krumen, 546. Makololo, 331. Manganja, 355.
Mapuchés, 1194. Mpongwé, 524. Ovambo, 321. Shekiani, 521. Shillooks,
473. Tasmanians, 754. Tongans, 981. Wanyoro, 422.
GOZA’S
Portrait, 35. Young Warriors, 35. And his Wives, 75.
Grapple plant, 214.
Griquas, Africa, 274.
Guiana, So. America, 1221.
Guinea, New, Africa, 898.
H.
HAIR-DRESSING, mode of among
Abyssinians, 642-648. Ahts, 1355. Australians, 705. Balonda, 370.
Batoka, 348. Bornuese, 620. Brumer’s Islanders, 907. Chinese 1426.
Egbas, 590. Esquimaux, 1335. Fanti, 549. Fijians, 922, 925. Fuegians,
1162. Gallas, 671. Gani, queue, 430. Hovas, 690. Indians, Gran Chaco,
1212. Indians, N. A., 1273, 1274. Ishogos, 475. Japanese, 1450-1453.
Khonds, 1389. Krumen, 545. Mandans, 1274, 1275. Mapuchés, 1191.
Musguese, 639. Niuans, 1055. Nubians, 674. Papuans, 898. Samoans,
1014. Sandwich Islanders, 1085. Siamese, 1468. Soumaulis, 672.
Sowrahs, 1386. Tahitans, 1059. Zealanders, New, 814.
Hamoa, Navigator’s Island, 1008.
Hamran Arabs, Africa, 675.
Haraforas, New Guinea, 905.
Hara-kiri, Japan, 1461.
Harem of Kaffir, 76.
Hassaniyehs, Africa, 686.
HEAD-DRESSES of
Ahts, 1365. Fijians, waterproof, 926. Guianans, feather, 1255.
Indians, N. A., 1276. Ishogos, 475. Kaffir, 41. Mapuchés, 1191.
Marquesans, 1048. Samoans, 1013.
Head hunting, Dyaks, 1135.
Hebrides, New, Polynesia, 971.
Hervey Islands, Polynesia, 1032.
Hindoo’s, India, 1395.
HONESTY of the
Apono, 484. Ashira, 497. Australians, 695, 696. Barea, 668. Bayeye,
337. Bechuanas, 284, 285. Caledonians, New, 886. Esquimaux, 1351.
Indians, East, 1399, 1400. Krumen, 546. Latookas, 459. Makoba,
339. Makololo, 326. Outanatas, 902. Ovambos, 315. Samoans, 1008.
Shillooks, 473. Society Islanders, 1065. Tuaricks, 634.
Hopo, the elephant trap, 895.
HORSES of
Indians, N. A., 1296, 1297.
HORSEMANSHIP of
Araucanians, 1196. Camanchees, 1289, 1290. Crows, 1274. Hamran
Arabs, 676. Indians, Gran Chaco, 1212. Indians, North America, 1325.
Japanese, 1454, 1455. Patagonians, 1174.
HOSPITALITY of
Abyssinians, 655. Ajitas, 920. Apingi, 490. Batoka, 353. Esquimaux,
1351. Fuegians, 1171. Gani, 429. Ishogos, 480. Jakuts, 1379. Kaffir,
16. Makololo, 326. Manganja, 355. Maories, 827. Samoans, 1008. Shoas,
667. Shooas, 629. Tahitans, 1060. Tchuktchi, 1378. Wazaramo, 406.
Zealand, New, 826.
Hottentots, Africa, 217.
Hovas, Africa, 690.
Huili-chés, South America, 1190.
HUNTING among
Ahts, deer, 1355. Araucanians, 1198. Ashira, 502. Australians,
717-725. Badema, with nets, 367. Batoka, 353. Banyai, hippopotamus
and elephant, 362-365. Bayeye, 338. Bosjesmans, ostrich, 252-253.
Camma, 509. Dahomans, 571. Dinkas, 470. Dor, 444-446. Dyaks,
1131-1133. Esquimaux, seal, deer, fox, wolf, bear, 1338-1344. Fans,
elephant, gorilla, 533-542. Ghoorkas, 1396. Guianans, 1223-1270.
Hamran Arabs, elephant, lion, hippopotamus, buffalo, 675-677.
Hottentots, 231. Indians, North America, buffalo, 1293-1296. Indians,
Asia, elephant, deer, 1418. Kaffir, antelope, giraffe, elephant,
rhinoceros, lion, buffalo, 126-138. Kanemboos, 627. Makoba, 341.
Neam-Nam, elephant, 443. Ostiaks, 1384. Patagonians, 1178-1182.
Samoans, 1029. Samoïedes, 1383. Shooas, buffalo, elephant, 628.
Tasmanians, 753. Tungusi, 1379.
I.
Illinoans, Borneo, 1112.
India, Asia, 1395.
Indians, Gran Chaco, 1211.
Indians, North American, 1273.
INDUSTRY of
Bubes, 610. Congoese, 616. Dyaks, 1118. Fanti, 548. Guianans, 1222.
Manganja, 355. Ostiaks, 1384. Ovambo, 319. Watusi, 409. Zealanders,
New, 826.
Ingeletes, Alaska, N. A., 1374.
Ireland, New, Australasia, 969.
Ishogos, Africa, 475.
Isi-baya, of Kaffir, 66.
Isle of Pines Men, 887.
Issikoko, or head ring, Kaffir, 41.
J.
Japanese, Japan, 1449.
Jakuts, Siberia, Asia, 1379.
Jukahiri, Siberia, Asia, 1377.
K.
KAFFIR, AFRICA, 11.
Chivalry of, 42. Picturesque aspect of, 42. Perfume of, 42.
Gallantry, 55. Ostentation, 59. Harem, inmates, etc., 62. Dread of
death, 76. Law of inheritance, 78. Courtship, 79. Names, mode of
choosing, 88, 89. Boaster, fate of, 89. Love of Justice, 149. Love of
honey, 154. Fondness for tobacco, 166. Torture for bewitching, 185.
Sleeping accommodations, 206.
Kanemboos, Africa, 627.
Karague, 399.
KATCHIBA,
Chief of Obbo, 434. His family, 435. His character, 435. His palace,
435. Treatment of guests, 435.
Katema, the Balonda Chief, 376.
Kaveaks, Siberia, 1375.
Kingsmill Islanders, Polynesia, 1038.
Knob kerry of Kaffir, 106.
Kona’s Illness and its results, 185.
Kora, Africa, 269.
Korannas, Africa, 269.
Koraquas, Africa, 269.
Kraal of Kaffir, 54.
Krumen, Africa, 544.
Kytch, Africa, 436.
L.
LANGUAGE of
Ajitas, 921. Bosjesmans, “clicks,” 242. Fijians, court, 939.
Fuegians, 1171. Hottentots, “clicks,” 234. Ingeletes, 1375. Kaveaks,
1375. Malemutes, 1375. Mandingoes, 607. New Zealand, sacred, 857.
Siamese, 1471.
Lanterns, Chinese, 1430.
Lasso, Araucanians, 1197.
Lasso, North Am. Indians, 1296.
Latookas, Africa, 453.
LAWS, code of among
Abyssinians, 653. Alfoërs, 906. Australians, 747. In Britain, New,
969. Fiji, 935. Ireland, New, 969. Karague, 405. Makololo, 331.
Niuans, 1056. Samoans, 1016-1024. Siamese, 1471. Waganda, 410.
Zealanders, New, 798.
LEGENDS of
Apono, 488. Areois, 1080. Balonda, 379. Bubes, 610. Chinese, 1429.
Fanti, 549. Fijians, 934. Guianans, 1264-1267. Indians, N. A., 1313.
Kaffirs, 141, 169. Mandans, 1301. Maories, 858. Namaquas, 276. New
Zealanders, 829. Niuans, 1052. Society Islanders, 1065.
LIFE, human, value of, among
Bechuanas, 285. Dahomans, 567, 579. Fans, 539. Tenacity of among
Hottentots, 240. Waganda, 413.
Lloyd’s account of Australians, 789.
M.
Macoushies, Guiana, S. A., 1221.
Madagascar, Africa, 690.
Madi, Africa, 430.
Mah-to-toh-pa, exploits of, 1286, 1287.
Makoba, Africa, 339.
Makololo, Africa, 324.
Malagasy, Africa, 690.
Malays, Malaisia, 920.
Malemutes, Alaska, N. A., 1374.
Malicolo, New Hebrides, 975.
Mandans, N. America, 1301.
Mandingoes, Africa, 607.
Manenko in command, Balondo, 375.
Manganjas, Africa, 355.
Mantatees, Africa, 286.
Mantchu Tartars, Tartary, 1422.
MANUFACTURES, skill in among
Ahts, 1355. Apingi, 489. Araucanians, 1205. Arawaks, 1233-1235.
Australians, 726. Banyai, 366, 367. Bechuanas, 280-283. Djour, 451.
Dyaks, 1151-1156. Esquimaux, 1349. Fans, 532. Fijians, 929-931.
Guinea, New, 914. Hervey Islanders, 1033. Hottentots, 226, 228.
Kaffirs, 45-47, 95-99, 148-154, 206-212. Latookas, 455. Macoushies,
1221. Maories, 880. Mpongwé, 528. Samoans, 1015. Shir, 462. Swiss
Lake-dwellers, 1474. Tongans, 977.
Maories, New Zealand, 824.
Mapuchés, So. America, 1190.
Mara-chés, So. America, 1190.
Marksmen of Arawaks, 1235.
Marquesas Islands, 1044.
MARRIAGE among
Abyssinians, 658. Ajitas, 921. Alfoërs, 906. Andamaners, 888, 892.
Angolese, 382. Apingi, 489. Araucanians, abduction of bride, 1199,
1200. Arawaks, 1247. Australians, 755. Banyai, 362. Bornuese, 626.
Bosjesmans, 244. Bubés, 613. Dahomans, 586. Damaras, 313. Dory,
917. Dyaks, 1137-1141. Esquimaux, 1349. Fans, 536. Fijians, 955.
The Fijian bride, 956. Among Ghoorkas, carrying off bride, 1394.
Hassaniyeh, 686. Hottentots, 233. Indians, N. A., 1316. Ingeletes,
1375. Kaffirs, bridegroom on approval, 77-87. In Karague, 402.
Among Krumen, earning wives, 546, 547. Kytch, 439. Makololo, 328.
Mandingoes, 608. Namaquas, 277. Obongos, 482. Ostiaks, 1385. Ovambos,
322. Patagonians, 1183. Samoans, 1031. Samoïedes, 1383. Sowrahs,
1386. Tungusi, 1380. Waganda, 413, 414. Zealanders, New, 818.
Marshall Islanders, 1100.
Mbondemo, Africa, 521.
Mbicho, Africa, 521.
Mbousha, Africa, 521.
Medicine, see Treatment of Sick.
Medicine bag, N. A. Indians, 1308.
MEDICINE MEN, of
Ahts, 1371. N. A. Indians, 1307-1309. Kaffirs, 17.
Mendana Islands, 1044.
Mexico, North America, 1271.
Minatarees, North America, 1274.
Mincopie girls, 895.
Mincopies, Andaman Islands, 889.
Mirage, notions of Hassaniyeh, 688.
Mirror Ink of Hassaniyeh, 689.
Mnande’s burial, 202.
Moheenda, Africa, 399.
Mongolians, Asia, 1422.
Monkey Men, New Guinea, 900.
MOURNING among
Abyssinians, 659. Australians, 772. Australians, widow’s cap,
777. Bakalai, “keen,” 495. Camma, 520. Damaras, 314. Dyaks, 1160.
Esquimaux, 1351. Fijians, 967. Flat-heads, mourning cradle, 1320.
Indians, N. A., 1329. Mpongwé, 524. New Zealand, tangi, 869.
Mpongwé, Africa, 524.
Muchlahts, Vancouver’s Island, 1354.
Mumbo Jumbo, of Bonny, 603.
Mundurucús, S. America, 1215.
Musguese, Africa, 639.
MUSIC of
Balonda, 375. Bosjesman, 263-265. Chinese, 1446. Damaras, 313.
Kaffirs, 208. Korannas, 273.
MUSICAL Instruments of
Abyssinians, 660. Balonda, 375. Batoka, 353. Bechuanas, 297.
Bosjesmans, goura, guitar, drum, 264-265. Camma, 509. Chinese,
1445. Dor, 448. Dory, 917. Esquimaux, 1351. Fans, 540. Guianans,
1264. Indians, N. A., 1330. Kaffirs, 55, 208-211. In Karague, 405.
Among Latookas, 459-460. Madi, 433. Malagasy, 693. Shillooks, 474.
Tahitans, 1062. Zealanders, New, 822.
N.
Namaquas, Africa, 274.
NAMES among
Araucanians, exchanging of, 1209. Bosjesmans, 244. Kaffirs, mode of
choosing, 88, praise and birth, 89. Krumen, 546. Maganjas, changing,
360. New Zealanders, signification of, and changing, 817.
Neam-Nam, Africa, 440.
Necklace, talismanic, Kaffir, 199.
Negritos, Philippine Islands, 920.
New Britain, Australasia, 969.
New Caledonia, Australasia, 883.
New Guinea, Africa, 898.
New Hebrides, Polynesia, 971.
New Ireland, Australasia, 969.
New Zealand, Australasia, 792.
Nga-te-kahuhuna, New Zealand, 796.
Nicobarians, Nicobar Islands, 896.
Niué, Polynesia, 1052.
North American Indians, 1273.
Nubia, Africa, 673.
Nuehr tribe, Africa, 468.
O.
Obbo, Africa, 434.
Obongos, Africa, 482.
Oerlams, Africa, 274.
Ohyahts, Vancouver’s Island, 1354.
Ojibbeways, North America, 1329.
Omens, see Superstitions.
ORDEALS of the
Angolese, 382. Ashira, the ring, 502. Batoka, 353. Bechuanas, boys,
292, for girls, 295. Camma, drinking m’boundou, 515. Caribs, 1240.
Conguese, drinking poison, 615. Dacotahs, medicine men, 1307. Dyaks,
diving, 1159, boiling water, 1159, salt, 1159, snails, 1159. Mandans,
on reaching manhood, 1301, suspension, 1303, last race, 1304.
Mundurucús, of gloves, 1216.
Order of the Scar, Bechuanas, 289.
ORNAMENTS of
Abyssinians, 646, 647. Admiralty Islanders, 970. Ahts, lip, 1355.
Araucanians, 1197. Ashango, 481. Ashanti, 555. Australians,
dibbi-dibbi nose-bone, turtle scar, 703, 704. Balonda, 373. Bayeye,
339. Bechuanas, 284. Bedouins, 683. Bornabi, 1103. Bosjesmans, 249.
Caledonians, New, 883. Co-yukons, nose, 1375. Damaras, 306. Dinkas,
470. Djibba, scalp-lock, 467. Djour, 451. Dor, lip, 447. Dyaks,
earrings, etc., 1111-1117. Egbas, 591. Fanti, 549. Fijians, 926.
Fuegians, 1165. Gani, 430. Ghoorkas, 1399. Hebrides, New, 972. Hervey
Islanders, 1033. Hottentots, 225. Indians, N. A., wampum, 1280, 1329.
Isle of Pines Men, 887. Japanese, hair-pins, 1453. Kaffirs, 33-55,
198. Kanemboos, 627. Kaveak, 1374. Khonds, 1389. Latookas, lips, 453,
454. Madi, 433. Makololo, 327. Malemutes, to-took, 1374. Manganjas,
356. Mapuchés, breast-pin, 1191. Marquesans, 1048. Mpongwé, 524.
Musguese, lip, 639. Namaquas, 275. Neam-Nam, 442. Nubians, 674.
Nuehr, 468. Obbo, 434. Outanatas, 901. Ovambos, 316. Pelew Islanders,
bone bracelet, 1104. Romanzoff Islanders, 1100. Sandwich Islanders,
1082. Shillooks, 472. Shir, 462. Solomon Islanders, 969. Sowrahs,
necklaces, 1386. Swiss Lake-dwellers, 1474. Tongans, whales’ teeth,
978. Tungusi, 1379. Vaté Islanders, 972. Wagogo, 385. Wanyamuezi,
“sambo” rings, 386. Watusi, 409. Wazaramo, 406. Zealanders, New, 813,
814.
Ostiaks, Siberia, Asia, 1384.
Otaheitans, Society Islands, 1058.
Outanatas, New Guinea, 900.
Ovaherero, Africa, 315.
Ovambos, Africa, 315.
Ovampos, Africa, 315.
Ovaquangari, Africa, 320.
Ovat-jumba, Africa, 305.
Oyos, Africa, 566.
Ox of the girl, Kaffirs, 86.
Ox of the surplus, Kaffirs, 86.
P.
PAIN, indifference to of the
Bosjesmans, 250. Damaras, 306. Guianans, 1254.
Panda, song in honor of, 89.
Papuans, New Guinea, 898.
Pasuen, Africa, 529.
Patagonians, South America, 1172.
Patagonians, life among, 1184.
Pehuen-chés, So. America, 1190.
Pelele, or lip ring, Manganjas, 359.
Pelew Islands, 1104.
PENALTIES or PUNISHMENTS among
Caribs, 1241. Chinese, cangue, 1436, finger-squeezing, 1436,
beating with bamboo, 1436, strangulation, 1439, crucifixion, 1439,
decapitation, 1440, cutting into pieces, 1440, sawn asunder, 1440.
Japanese, crucifixion, 1461, hara-kiri, 1461. Patagonians, 1186.
Niuans, 1056. Samoans, beating in sacks, 1023. Siamese, 1471.
PIPES of
Australians, 701. Bosjesmans, 244. Chinese, 1442. Co-yukons, 1377.
Crees, calumet, 1313. Japanese, 1462. Kaffirs, 163-166. Malemutes,
1370. See Smoking.
POISON
upon arrows of Ajitas, 920. Araucanians, 1229-1236. Bosjesmans, 260.
Mundurucús, 1234. In wells, Bosjesmans, 261. Drank by Mr. Moffat,
261, grub, the N’gwa, 258, hyarri, Mundurucús, 1234, upas, Dyaks,
1120, wourali, 1228.
Poison grub, the N’gwa, 258. Wourali, 1228.
POLITENESS of
Batokas, 350. Bedouins, 683. In Karague, 399. Of Tchuktchi, 1378.
Watusi, 409.
POLYGAMY among
Australians, 755. Bornuese, 626. Egbas, 593. Fijians, 935. Guianans,
1246, 1247. Hottentots, 233. Ingeletes, 1375. Kaffirs, 75, 76.
Makololo, 328. Niuans, 1056. Shillooks, 473. Tchuktchi, 1378.
Ponda, Africa, 12.
Porcelain, Japanese, 1465.
Pritchard’s adventure with wild boar, 1029.
Prophetess, Kaffir, 189.
PROPHETS, among
Kaffirs, 175-180, 186-189, 195. Preparation of, 176. Consultation of,
180. Curing sickness, Bechuanas, 292. False, 190.
R.
RACES, causes of, and reflections upon decay and extinction of
Australians, 790, 791. Esquimaux, 1353. New Zealanders, 880. N. Am.
Indians, 1331, 1332.
RAIN-MAKING among
Kaffirs, 126, 192-194. Namaquas, 277.
Rangitani, New Zealand, 796.
RANK, distinction of among
Bosjesmans, 244. Japanese, 1459. Pelew Islanders, 1104. Tahitans,
1061.
RELIGION of
Abyssinians, 660-664. Ahts, 1370. Ajitas, 921. Angolese, 332.
Apingi, 490. Apono, 488. Araucanians, 1209. Ashangos, 481. Ashanti,
559. Ashira, 501. Australians, 778. Bakalai, 494. Balonda, 379.
Banyai, 367. Batokas, 353. Bechaunas, 291. Bedouins, 685. Britain,
New, 970. Bornuese, 625. Cammas, 510. Congoese, 615. Dahomans, 562,
586. Damaras, 314. Dyaks, 1110, 1157. Egbas, 594. Esquimaux, 1349.
Fans, 539. Fanti, 550. Fijians, 960-964. Fuegians, 1171. Guianans,
1263. Hervey Islanders, 1037. Hottentots, 234. Indians, East, 1407.
Indians, N. A., 1301, 1313. Ireland, New, 970. Kaffirs, 169-171.
Krumen, 547. Malagasy, 693. Mandingoes, 607. Manganjas, 360. Maories,
856-858. Namaquas, 276. Ovambos, 322. Patagonians, 1186. Pelew
Islanders, 1108. Samoïedes, 1381. Sandwich Islanders, 1096. Siamese,
1471. Society Islanders, 1064-1071. Tongans, 1004. Tungusi, 1380.
Waganda, 420. Wanyamuezi, 395. Wanyoro, 427. Wazaramo, 406.
Rewards, honorary, Chinese, 1441.
Riccarees, N. America, 1319.
Rob Roy, a Kaffir, 69.
Romanzoff Island, 1100.
S.
SACRIFICES among
Araucanians, 1209. Ashanti, instruments of, 559. Co-yukons, 1376.
Dahomans, 578-582. In India, suttee, 1407-1410, sacred noose, 1411,
juggernaut, 1411, drowning in Ganges, 1413, beasts substituted for
human, 1413. Indians, N. A., 1309, 1314. Kaffirs, animal, 171, 172.
Khonds, “meriah,” 1389-1392. Samoïedes, 1382. Society Islanders,
1074. Sowrahs, 1389. Tahitans, 1075. Tongans, 997-1001. Waganda, 420.
Sacs, N. America, 1323.
SALUTATION, mode of, among
Ashira, 498. Balonda, 373. Brumer’s Islanders, 907. Egbas, 591.
Esquimaux, 1349. Gani, 429. Hassaniyeh, 686. In Karague, 399. Among
Makololo, 326. Manganjas, 356. Nuehr, 469. Ovambo, 322. Wanyamuezi,
389. Watusi, 409. Zealanders, New, 823.
Samoans, Polynesia, 1008.
Samoïedes, Siberia, 1381.
San Christoval, Solomon Islands, 970.
Sandal wood, Aneiteum, 975.
Sandwich Islands, 1081.
Saqua, Africa, 251.
Savage Island, 1052.
Scalping, mode of, 1285, 1286.
Sea Dyaks, Borneo, 1110.
Sechuanas, Africa, 280.
Senecas, N. America, 1288.
Shekiani, Africa, 521.
Shields of Kaffirs, 108.
Shillooks, Africa, 472.
Shir, Africa, 461.
Shoas, Africa, 667.
Shooas, Africa, 628.
Siam, Asia, 1467.
SICK, treatment of among
Angolese, 381. Araucanians, 1205. Ashira, 501. Australians, 769-771.
Damaras, 205. Hottentots, 233-240. Kaffirs, 183, 184, 190. Korannas,
274. Makoba, 347. Makololo, 336. Maories, 862. Mundurucús, 1219.
Namaquas, 277. Patagonians, 1184. Tongans, 997. Tuaricks, 634.
Sickness, theory of, Angolese, 382.
Silks of Japanese, 1466.
Singing, see Amusements.
Sioux, N. America, 1274.
SLAVERY among
Ashira, 501. Dory, 914. Gallas, 671. Malagasy, 693. Musguese, 639.
Zealanders, New, 797.
Sledges, of Esquimaux, 1345.
Sleep, power of, Hottentot, 233.
SMOKING among
Ahts, 1370. Ashira, 501. Australians, 701. Batokas, 350. Bayeye,
hemp, 339. Bosjesmans, 244, 262. Chinese, opium, 1441. Crees,
calumet, 1313. Damaras, hemp or dagha, 165. Dor, “bark quids,” 452.
Djours, 452. Indians, N. A., 1313. Japanese, 1462. Kaffirs, 163-166.
Makololo, 336. Mundurucús, “enchanted” cigars, 1219. Patagonians,
1183. Tchutkchi, 1377. Wanyamuezi, 393.
“Smoking horses,” Indians, 1290.
Snake Worship, Dahomans, 565.
Snake cooking and eating, Australians, 717.
Snake charming, India, 1416.
Snow-shoes of N. A. Indians, 1294, 1295.
Snuff boxes, Kaffir, 161.
Snuff taking, Kaffir, 159.
Society Islands, 1057.
Solomon Islands, 968.
SONGS,
Esquimaux, amna-aya, 1349. Kaffir, war, 90, 147, 208. Makanna’s
gathering, 197. New Zealand, canoe, 853. New Zealand, tattoo, 802.
See Amusements.
Soumaulis, Abyssinia, 671.
Sowrahs, India, 1385.
STRENGTH of
Dyaks, 1115. Esquimaux, 1334. Fuegians, 1166. Waraus, 1261.
SUCCESSION, law of, among
Angolese, 380. Arawaks, 1247. Ashanti, 556. Fijians, 935. Indians, N.
A., 1275. In Karague, 400. Among Ovambos, 322. Waganda, 416.
SUPERSTITION among
Ahts, 1372. Angolese, 382. Apingi, 490. Arabs, 687-689. Araucanians,
1205. Ashangos, 481. Ashira, 502. Australians, 745, 778-783. Bakalai,
493. Banyai, 366. Bedouins, 685. Bonny, 604. Camma, 510-515. Caribs,
1241. Damaras, 314. Dyaks, 1131, 1157-1159. Egbas, 594. Esquimaux,
1350. Fans, 539. Fanti, 550. Fijians, 960-965. Guianans, 1264.
Kaffirs, 88, 172, 190, 191. Makoba, 346. Malagasy, 693. Mandingoes,
609. Maories, 856-858, 864. Pelew Islanders, 1108. Samoïedes, 1383.
Shekiani, 523. Society Islanders, 1079, 1080. Tahitans, 1058.
Tongans, 1007. Waganda, 419. Wanyamuezi, 395. Wanyoro, 427. Wazaramo,
406.
Swazi, Africa, 12.
SWIMMING among
Alfoërs, 911. Bosjesmans, 255. Indians, North America, 1330.
Marquesans, 1051. Sandwich Islanders, 1086, 1087, 1092. Tongans, 1006.
Swiss Lake-dwellers, 1473.
T.
Taboo of Banyai, 367.
Taboo, see Tapu.
Tahitans, Society Islands, 1058.
Tanna Island, New Hebrides, 972.
Taranakis, New Zealand, 850.
Tapu of Maories, 863-868.
Tartars, Mantchu, Asia, 1422.
Tasmanians, Van Dieman’s Land, 753.
TATTOOING among
Abyssinians, 648. Apingi, 489. Arawaks, 1222. Australians, 704.
Bedouins, 683. Bornabi, 1103. Bornuese, 620. Brumer’s Islanders,
907. Dahomans, 589 Dyaks, 1111, 1117. Egbas, 591. Esquimaux, 1334.
Fans, 530. Fijians, 926. In Guinea, New, 911. Among Japanese,
1450. Kingsmill Islanders, 1038. Manganjas, 359. Marquesans, 1044.
Mundurucús, 1215. Niuans, 1055. Pelew Islanders, 1104. Romanzoff
Islanders, 1100. Samoans, 1010-1013. Sandwich Islanders, 1085.
Soumaulis, 672. Tahitans, 1059. Wanyamuezi, 389. Watusi, 409.
Zealanders, New, 800, 806.
Tchaka, suspected of death of mother, 124.
Tchaka’s vision, Kaffir chief, 170.
Tchaka at funeral of mother, 202.
Tchuktchi, Siberia, 1377.
Tea of Chinese, 1432.
Tea houses, Japanese, 1464.
Te Ohie, a native priest, 857.
Theatres of Japanese, 1463.
Thieves of Ghoorkas, 1399, 1400.
Thugs of India, 1410.
Tibboos, Africa, 630.
Tigre, Africa, 667.
Tikis, New Zealand, 861.
TOBACCO among
Kaffirs, 159-162, 166. Mundurucús, snuff, paricu, 1220. New
Zealanders, 850.
Tools, see Manufactures.
Tongans, Polynesia, 976.
Toquahts, Vancouver’s Island, 1354.
TORTURE, modes of among
Chinese, 1436. Hindoos, 1414. N. A. Indians, 1288.
TRAINING by East Indians of
Antelopes, 1420, elephants, 1418, falcons, 1416, stags, 1420.
TRANSMIGRATION, belief in by
Australians, 780. Makoba, 346. Shekiani, 523.
TRAVELLING, mode of, Japan, 1455-1456.
TREES of
Africa, thorns, 213, grapple plant, 214, wait-a-bit, hook and prick,
and monkey ropes, 215. Aneiteum, sandal wood, 975. Australia, grass,
726. Borneo, nipa palm, 1150, Upas, Borneo, 1120. Guiana, ita palm,
1268. Hova, travellers, 693. Tierra del Fuego, Antarctic beech, 1167.
Tuaricks, Africa, 634.
Tungusi, Siberia, Asia, 1379.
U.
Uzaramo, Africa, 406.
Uzinto, adventures of, 80.
V.
Vancouver’s Island, N. A., 1354.
Vaté, New Hebrides, 972.
W.
Waganda, Africa, 410.
Wagogo, Africa, 384.
Wahuma, Africa, 399.
Waikatos, New Zealand, 850.
Wanganja, Africa, 355.
Wanyambo, Africa, 399.
Wanyamuezi, Africa, 386.
Wanyoro, Africa, 422.
War, see sacrifice, Songs, Warfare.
Waraus, Guiana, S. A., 1222.
WARFARE among
Araucanians, 1199. Ashangos, 480. Australians, 744, 745. Balonda,
378. Barea, 671. Bari, 462. Batoka, 354. Bechuanas, 289. Bedouins,
681, 684. Begharmis, 635. Bornuese, 622. Bosjesmans, 254.
Caledonians, New, 885. Camma, 506. Caribs, 1239, 1242. Chinese, 1433.
Congoese, 615. Dahomans, 567. Dinkas, 469. Djibbas, 467. Dor, 445.
Dory, 914. Dyaks, 1119, 1131-1135. Egbas, 593. Fans, 531. Fijians,
952, 953. Fuegians, 1165. Gallas, 671. Ghoorkas, 1396. Hervey
Islanders, 1034. Hottentots, 239. Illinoans, 1112. Indians, Gran
Chaco, 1213. Indians, N. A., 1281. Kaffirs, 19, 92, 113-125, 196-198.
Kingsmill Islanders, 1039. Latookas, 455, 456. Mantchu Tartars,
1422, 1423. Maories, 838, 846-850. Marquesans, 1050. Musguese,
640. Neam-Nam, 443. Nubians, 674. Pelew Islanders, 1107. Samoans,
1016-1020. Sandwich Islanders, 1091. Society Islanders, 1073.
Soumaulis, 671. Tibboos, 633. Tongans, 984, 985. Waganda, 414, 415.
Wagogo, 385. Wazaramo, 406. See Dances.
Waterton’s story of Arawaks, 1230.
Wasagara, Africa, 407.
Watusi, Africa, 408.
Watuta tribes, Africa, 402.
Wazaramo, Africa, 406.
WEAPONS of
Abyssinians, 646-647. Ahts, 1355. Ajitas, 920. Andamaners, 889.
Apono, 487. Araucanians, bolas, 1197. Ashangos, 480. Ashanti, 556.
Australians, throw stick, kangaroo rat, boomerang, 719-724, 728-743.
Balonda, 378. Banyai, axe, 366. Bari, 464. Bechuanas, 289. Bedouins,
681. Begharmis, 635. Bornuese, 623. Bosjesmans, 257, 261. Bouka,
971. Britain, New, 970. Caledonians, New, 884. Chinese, jingall,
cross-bow, 1433-1436. Congoese, 615. Dahomans, 561, 571. Damaras,
312. Dinkas, 469. Djibbas, 464. Dor, 444. Dyaks, sumpitan, or
blowgun, parang-ihlang, kris, 1119-1131. Esquimaux, harpoon, 1339.
Fans, 531. Fijians, 948-952. Fuegians, 1165. Ghoorkas, kookery, 1395.
Guianans, 1223-1236. Guinea, New, 913. Hamran Arabs, 675. Hebrides,
New, 972. Hervey Islanders, 1034. Hottentots, 232. Illinoans, 1112.
Indians, East, 1400-1406. Indians, Gran Chaco, armor, 1212. Indians,
N. A., tomahawk, 1282. Ireland, New, 970. Ishogos, 476. Japanese,
sword, 1459. Kaffirs, 93, 94, 100-113. Karague, 399. Khonds, axe,
1392. Kingsmill Islanders, 1039. Latookas, 453. Madi, 433. Mantchu
Tartars, bows, 1423. Maories, 838-844. Marquesans, 1050. Mincopies,
bow, 890. Musguese, 639. Neam-Nam, 443. Nicobarians, 896. Niuans,
1055. Nubians, peculiar sword, 673. Outanatas, 901. Ovambos, 319.
Papuans, 900. Patagonians, bolas, 1174-1178. Pelew Islanders,
1107. Samoans, 1019. Sandwich Islands, 1088. Shekiani, 521. Shir,
461. Society Islanders, 1073. Soumaulis, 671. Sowrahs, 1386. Swiss
Lake-dwellers, 1474. Tibboos, 633. Vaté, 972. Waraus, 1269.
Wedding, see Dances, Marriage.
Weezees, Africa, 386.
Western Islands, 1100.
WITCHCRAFT among
Araucanians, 1206. Ashanti, 560. Bakalai, 493. Camma, 515-520.
Caribs, 1241. Esquimaux, 1350. Fans, 539. Kaffirs, 184, 188. Maories,
861. Shekiani, 522. Waganda, 410. Wanyamuezi, 395.
WOMEN, condition of among
Angolese, 381. Ashira, 496. Australians, 695, 756. Banyai, 362.
Bonny, 603. Brumer’s Islanders, 908. Congoese, 616. Dahomans, 589.
Damaras, singular caps of married, 313. Dyaks, 1118. Fijians, 956.
Gani, 430. Guianans, 1246. Indians, Gran Chaco, 1214. Indians,
North America, 1319. Isle of Pines Men, 887. Kaffirs, 24-27, 90. In
Karague, 402. Among Latookas, 455. Makololo, 327. Musguese, 639.
Ostiaks, 1385. Patagonians, 1186. Samoans, 1014. Samoïedes, 1383.
Sandwich Islanders, 1082-1086. Shooas, 630. Tahitans, 1058. Tongans,
983. Waganda, 413. Wanyoro, 426. Wanyoro, fattening of, 426.
Z.
Zealanders, New, Australasia, 792.
Zingian Tribes, Africa, 12.
Zulus, Africa, 12.
Transcriber’s Notes
Unless listed under Changes below, the language used in this e-book
is that of the source document, including inconsistencies, archaic
and unusual spelling and hyphenation, pejorative and offensive terms,
etc. Non-English names, words and phrases in particular are not
always spelled correctly or consistently. Factual errors have not
been corrected.
The differences in wording between the Table of Contents and the
chapter headings in the text have not been standardised. The same
applies to the List of Illustrations and the illustration captions
in the text. The order of illustrations in the List of Illustrations
is not always the same as the order in which they are presented in
the book. What appear as major divisions in the Table of Contents are
part of the chapter titles in the text. The original work contains a
Table of Contents per Volume, the List of Illustrations in Volume I,
and the Index in Volume II; for ease of reference, all of these have
been included in both volumes.
The differences in structure and wording between the Table of
Contents and the chapter headings in the text have been retained.
Auto-generated Tables of Contents may therefore differ from the
original one. The same applies to the List of Illustrations and the
illustration captions in the text. The order of illustrations in the
List of Illustrations is not always the same as the order in which
they are presented in the book.
Depending on the hard- and software used to read this text and their
settings, not all elements may display as intended.
List of Illustrations, 259, Fijian idol: the text and the
illustration caption describe this as being from the Solomon Islands.
The Bornese shield on page 1129 is not included in the List of
Illustrations.
Page 136, portulacacia: probably an error for protulacaria.
Page 148, Fig. 1 on page 103 shows one of these spoons: presumably
this refers to the (unnumbered) bottom spoon in the second
illustration on this page.
Page 215, _vacht-een-bidgt_: (possibly phonetic English) misspelling
of _wag-’n-bietjie_ (Afrikaans) or _wacht-een-beetje_ (Dutch);
Bavians-tow: (possibly phonetic English) misspelling of Baviaans-touw.
Page 228, Scriptus tegetalis: possibly an error for Scirpus tegetalis.
Page 245, fore-louper: possibly phonetic English spelling of
voorloper.
Page 265, Romelpot: misspelling of Rommelpot.
Page 353, “It is evident that they believe ...: there is no closing
quote mark.
Page 366, The elephant axe is shown at fig. 1 ...: there is no number
1 in the illustration; presumably the reference is to the axe between
numbers 2 and 4.
Page 374, “Every village swarms with children ...: there is no
closing quote mark.
Page 467, ... its original size at fig. 2: there are no reference
numbers in the illustration.
Page 648, ... when the Abyssinians trouble them- to wash either
their clothes or themselves ...: possibly an error for ... when
the Abyssinians trouble themselves to wash either their clothes or
themselves ... or similar.
Page 660, “This “Hai... oh!” is thought ...: there is no closing
quote mark.
Changes
Illustrations and the (single) footnote have been moved outside text
paragraphs.
Several minor obvious formatting, typographical and punctuation
errors and misprints have been corrected silently. Some superfluous
repeated words have been deleted.
McGillivray, M’Gillivray and M‘Gillivray have been standardised to
M’Gillivray, M’Briar and M‘Briar to M’Briar; Gi’ôm and Gi’om to
Gi’ôm; _i.e._ and _i. e._ have been standardised to _i. e._
List of Illustrations, Table of Contents and Index: Several names
have been standardised to conform to the spelling used in the main
text.
Page 60: ... by reference to the illustration on page -- ... changed
to ... by reference to the illustration on page 63 ....
Page 103: Caption under second illustration: See page 149 changed to
See page 148.
Page 110: ... shake of the dust ... changed to ... shake off the dust
...; closing quote mark inserted after ... I thought a civil war had
commenced.
Page 180: Opening single quote mark inserted before ... you want to
cheat me ...; opening double quote mark inserted before The prophet’s
simulated vision ....
Page 181: Closing single quote mark inserted after ... I see now.
THERE!
Page 195: ... rain was compelled to fail changed to ... rain was
compelled to fall.
Page 199: ... engraving No. 2, on page 189 ... changed to ...
engraving No. 2, on page 188 ....
Page 215: Haak-een-steek changed to Haak-en-steek
Page 216: Texus changed to Taxus.
Page 251: Tarconanthus changed to Tarchonanthus.
Page 276: The main and tail ... changed to The mane and tail ....
Page 320: ... employed by the Ovoquangari ... changed to ... employed
by the Ovaquangari ....
Page 327: ... the lot of the Mokololo women ... changed to ... the
lot of the Makololo women ....
Page 342: ... as seen on page 000 ... changed to ... as seen on page
343 ....
Page 346: Tuba Moroko changed to Tuba Mokoro.
Page 393: ... such as “sambo,” rings, ... changed to ... such as
“sambo” rings, ....
Page 421: closing single quote mark inserted after ... and what will
you do then?
Page 430: ... engraving on page 000 ... changed to ... engraving on
page 431 ....
Page 435: opening single quote mark inserted before ... but if you
can bottle lightning ....
Page 543: closing double quote mark inserted after ... and decrepid
as those of an old woman.
Page 599: closing double quote mark deleted from after ... and
certainly not very regal in aspect.
Page 610: ... Booby, ... replaced with ... Booby) ....
Page 612: A BUBË MARRIAGE changed to A BUBÉ MARRIAGE.
Page 708: ... they are pealed, pounded between two stones, ...
changed to ... they are peeled, pounded between two stones, ...; ...
As, however, as has been stated, ... changed to ... As, however, has
been stated, ....