One of the most essential features in this work is to have the enamel
of the right consistency. There are many good enamels in the market but
we have found that Aufsetzweiss in tube or powder form, makes a very
satisfactory white enamel.
Dilute most enamels with turpentine to a semi-fluid state. Before
applying, breathe on the mixture until it is reduced to the proper
consistency, which means that it should be in such shape that it can be
applied in a long, free stroke. At the same time it should be thick
enough to lie high and round on the china. The beauty of the decoration
depends on this feature. Considerable of experimenting on the part of
the student will be necessary in order to perfect himself in this work.
Enamel in powder form must be thoroughly mixed with the turpentine,
after which a little fat oil should be added.
Very poor work is sure to be the result if enamel is either too thick
or too thin. If too thin it will be flat and if too thick it will chip
off. It is about the right consistency, if it will remain in shape when
a little is piled up.
When applying enamel, do not allow the brush to touch the china. Right
here it might be well to advise the student that it is better to do the
work over than to attempt to correct any errors by repeating strokes.
For enamelling, use a sable brush. Take up a sufficient quantity of the
mixture so that some will hang to the brush. The student should aim to
make high, round lines and dots. Sometimes the dots appear pointed, but
after the work is fired, they will be round.
When working with enamel, it is inclined to harden. In case it does,
add a drop of turpentine, breathe upon it and it is ready to use again.
Sometimes enamel will chip in firing. In this case scrape it off and
apply again.
Enamel that is too oily will chip—so it should be dried with a piece of
silk. There are other causes for enamel chipping. Too many firings and
insufficient mixing will cause it. Enamel should not be fired more than
twice. Do not use it unless freshly mixed. There is little danger of
these colors chipping off of Belleek or any soft glazes. Enamels are
not likely to chip, if it is allowed to dry well before firing,
provided that all the suggestions in this chapter have been observed.
A good tinted enamel can be produced by adding one-fifth part of the
color to four-fifths of white enamel and mixed very thoroughly. These
colors dry darker than when applied—so they should be mixed
accordingly. Blue, green, pink and ruby produce good colors—but reds
and browns do not.
Another method is to tint white enamels by washing lightly with color.
White enamels can also be applied over unfired colors or fired gold. If
used over unfired lustre colors it will turn reddish. White enamel
fires very well though, over fired lustres.
Flat enamels are produced in a slightly different way from the raised
enamels. Mix the white enamels according to the directions given
before—and add to it one-fifth of the color to be used and one-eighth
of flux. This is then diluted with oil of lavender. Use sufficient to
reduce it to a fluid state—and mix well, a square brush is the best for
this work. Let the enamel flatten itself naturally. After this is fired
the ground appears higher.
One firing is all that is needed for flat enamels.
When several flat enamels are to be applied to one article, the
greatest of care should be taken to see that one color does not run
over the other. They should be separated by heavy lines—and each one
dried.
Peach blossom or ruby are used for pink enamel. Albert yellow for
yellow, peacock or Russian green for green and blue green, or turquoise
blue for blue. Some colors that cannot be produced are bought prepared
ready for use.
Enamels should not be fired heavily. Add one-sixth of china cement to
enamels and you have an excellent filling for cracks and nicks in china.
Glass enamels give better satisfaction when mixed with water rather
than oil. Mixed in this way, the danger of chipping is reduced to a
minimum. These enamels are made by mixing Matt colors with white
enamel. Handled in this way the enamels seldom bubble.
[Illustration]
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