Beginning of the Public Ministry of the Church
1830
The First Public Discourse
On Sunday, April 11, 1830, the work of proselyting was publicly
launched. The first discourse was preached by Oliver Cowdery. The
meeting was held by appointment at the home of "Father" Peter Whitmer,
where the meeting of organization had been held the Tuesday preceding.
A goodly number of members and investigators were present. The
impression made on the minds of those assembled was favorable, and the
same day Hiram Page, Katherine Page, Christian Whitmer, Anne Whitmer,
Jacob Whitmer and Elizabeth Whitmer, were baptized. One week later
(April 18) Peter Whitmer, Sen., Mary Whitmer, William Jolly, Elizabeth
Jolly, Vincent Jolly, Richard B. Preston and Elizabeth Ann Whitmer,
were added to the Church.
The Ministry of Joseph Smith in Colesville
Later in the month of April Joseph Smith paid a visit to the Knight
family in Colesville, Broome County, N. Y. He had been on very friendly
terms with Joseph Knight, Sen., and had been materially assisted by
that gentleman from time to time, while translating the plates. Mr.
Knight and his family were Universalists, with broad, liberal views.
They were willing to reason in a friendly spirit with Joseph Smith
on the scriptures. Several public meetings were held in Colesville
which were attended by many friends and strangers. Newel Knight, son
of Joseph Knight, Sen., was a regular attendant at these meetings,
and seemed to be deeply impressed. He and the Prophet held many
conversations on scriptural subjects and the plan of salvation, in
which a favorable impression was made on the mind of Newel. He promised
to assist Joseph in one of these meetings by offering vocal prayer, but
when the time came his courage failed him. Later he expressed a desire
to go out in the woods by himself and there, where he could be alone,
offer vocal prayer, a thing to which he evidently was not accustomed.
The following morning, in fulfilment of his promise, he retired into
the woods alone, with a troubled conscience because of his failure
to keep his promise on the previous occasion. Kneeling in a secluded
spot he attempted to offer vocal prayer, but his lips were sealed. He
could not pray. He began to feel uneasy and became troubled in both
mind and body. When he arrived home his wife was greatly alarmed at
his strange appearance. He requested her to send for Joseph, which
was done. When he came he found Newel suffering very much; his visage
was distorted, and his limbs were twisted out of shape in a frightful
manner. Presently he was caught up from the floor and tossed about the
room. The strange scene and excitement brought many of the neighbors to
the house, who witnessed his peculiar malady.
The First Miracle
After some difficulty Joseph succeeded in taking Newel by the hand, and
with great earnestness Newel pleaded with him to cast the devil out of
him, for he knew he was possessed. The Prophet said, "If you know that
I can, it shall be done." Then, almost unconsciously, he rebuked the
evil spirit in the name of Jesus Christ and commanded him to depart.
Immediately Newel spoke, saying he saw the evil spirit leave him and
vanish from his sight. This was the first miracle performed in this
dispensation. As soon as the devil departed Newel became normal again,
his distortions of body ceased, and the Spirit of the Lord opened his
vision to a glorious manifestation of the heavens.
Those who were present were greatly astonished when they saw the
casting out of the devil, and the witness of the Spirit of the Lord.
Nearly all of those who were present later became members of the Church.
The First Conference of the Church
Shortly after this event, Joseph returned to Fayette. Newel Knight
followed him and was baptized during the last week in May, by David
Whitmer. On the 9th of June the first conference of the Church was
held in Fayette. The Church at that time numbered twenty-seven souls.
There were many others present at the meetings, some of whom were
friendly and some who believed. At this conference the sacrament was
administered and those recently baptized were confirmed. Others were
sustained by the members to receive the Priesthood, and were ordained.
The officers at the commencement of the Conference were, Joseph Smith,
Oliver Cowdery, David Whitmer, Peter Whitmer and Ziba Peterson, each
of whom held the office of elder in the Church. During this conference
Samuel H. Smith was ordained to the office of an elder, Joseph Smith,
Sen., Hyrum Smith and Martin Harris were ordained priests, and Hiram
Page and Christian Whitmer were ordained teachers. At the close of
this conference there were in the Church seven ordained elders, three
priests and two teachers. Oliver Cowdery was appointed to keep the
record of the Church and minutes of meetings until the next conference.
The Holy Spirit was poured out upon them. Many of this little band
composing the Church were given the spirit of prophecy, while others
beheld visions and remarkable manifestations from the heavens. Newel
Knight saw in vision the great work which would yet be accomplished
through the preaching of the Gospel and the organization of the Church.
He beheld the Redeemer and received the assurance that he would be
admitted into his presence to dwell in his kingdom for ever.
"To find ourselves engaged in the very same order of things," said
Joseph Smith, "as observed by the holy apostles of old; to realize the
importance and solemnity of such proceedings; and to witness and feel
with our own natural senses, the like glorious manifestations of the
powers of the Priesthood, the gift and blessing of the Holy Ghost, and
the goodness and condescension of a merciful God unto such as obey the
everlasting Gospel of our Lord Jesus Christ, combined to create within
us sensations of rapturous gratitude, and inspire us with fresh zeal
and energy in the cause of truth."
Eleven other converts were baptized at the close of this conference, by
David Whitmer, in Seneca Lake, where most of the other baptisms were
performed. Those added to the Church at this time were: John Poorman,
John Jolly, Julia Ann Jolly, Harriet Jolly, Jerusha Smith (the wife
of Hyrum Smith), William, Catherine and Don Carlos Smith; and Peter,
Caroline and Electa Rockwell.
Second Visit to Colesville
Joseph Smith again paid a visit to Colesville a short time after this
conference. Oliver Cowdery, John and David Whitmer accompanied him.
They found a number of persons anxiously awaiting them and desiring
baptism. A meeting was appointed for the Sabbath; on Saturday a dam was
constructed across a stream in preparation for the ordinance on the
following day. During the night the dam was maliciously destroyed. It
was later learned that this was the work of a mob, at the instigation
of sectarian priests. On Sunday the meeting was held as contemplated.
Oliver Cowdery was the principal speaker, but others also spoke. The
first principles of the Gospel were presented and witness to the divine
message of the Book of Mormon was borne. In the meeting were many who
had helped to form the mob, who, at the close, endeavored to destroy
the influence of the meeting, but were unsuccessful. Extreme bitterness
was manifested on the part of those who opposed. The sister of Newel
Knight's wife was violently treated because she was kindly disposed,
and against her will was forced by a Rev. Shearer, to return to her
father's home, some distance from her sister's, where she was stopping.
This man, a Presbyterian minister, on false pretenses, obtained from
the father a power of attorney, by which he dragged her off. His labor
was all in vain, for she also was baptized.
Early Monday morning the dam was replaced and thirteen persons were
baptized by Oliver Cowdery. They were: Emma, wife of Joseph Smith;
Hezekiah Peck and wife, Joseph Knight, Sen., and wife, William
Stringham and wife, Joseph Knight, Jr., Aaron Culver and wife, Levi
Hale, Polly Knight and Julia Stringham.
Arrest of Joseph Smith
Before they were through with the ordinance the mob began to gather.
They surrounded the house of Joseph Knight, Sen., prepared to do
violence, but through the blessings of the Lord the Saints were
protected, but were subjected to numerous insults and threatenings. A
meeting was called for that evening for the purpose of attending to
the confirmation of those baptized in the morning. When they met at
the appointed hour, they were all surprised at the appearance of a
constable, who, with a warrant, arrested Joseph on the charge of being
"a disorderly person, setting the country in an uproar by preaching the
Book of Mormon." The constable frankly informed him that the arrest
was for the purpose of getting him into the hands of a mob, then lying
in ambush for him, but he would save him from their hands as he, the
constable, had discovered that Joseph was not the sort of person he had
been led to believe. As Joseph accompanied the constable in a wagon,
they encountered the mob, not far from the home of Joseph Knight. The
mobbers waited for the prearranged signal from the constable, but he,
whipping up his horse, obtained a lead. The mobbers followed as best
they could. In the flight one of the wagon wheels came off, and before
it could be replaced the mobbers were again in sight. However, the
wheel was replaced in time and with renewed energy Joseph was able to
escape.
The constable took Joseph to South Bainbridge, Chenango County, and
lodged him in a tavern, where he kept guard all night. The following
day a court convened to investigate the charges. Great excitement
prevailed because of falsehoods which had been circulated freely
among the people. Joseph Knight, Sen., engaged the services of two
respectable farmers who were versed in the law, namely, James Davidson
and John Reid, and brought them to South Bainbridge to defend the
Prophet.
The Trial at South Bainbridge
The enemies of Joseph Smith scoured the country for witnesses who would
testify against him. The justice of the peace who heard the case,
Joseph Chamberlain, was a man of fair mind and a lover of justice. Many
witnesses were heard, but among those who testified were Josiah Stowel,
Jonathan Thompson and the two daughters of Mr. Stowel, all of whom gave
evidence of his good character. Other testimony was proved to be false.
The trial lasted from ten o'clock in the morning until midnight, when a
verdict of "not guilty" was rendered.
The Second Arrest
No sooner was Joseph freed by the court than he was again arrested
on a second warrant from Broome County, a distance of about fifteen
miles. The constable who came for him forced him to leave that night
without permitting him to eat, although he had been in the court room
all day without nourishment. He took him to Colesville and lodged him
in a tavern. Then, calling in a number of rowdies, he began to abuse
his prisoner with the assistance of his rabble. Spitting upon him and
pointing their fingers at him they cried in fiendish glee, "Prophesy,
prophesy!" Being near his home, Joseph requested the constable to take
him there for the remainder of the night, but this was denied him. He
asked for something to eat and was given some crusts of bread and water.
The Trial at Colesville
The next day the trial began before three justices. The most able help
had been secured to prosecute the case while the defense was again
represented by Esquires Reid and Davidson. Many witnesses were called
who bore false and contradictory testimony. Newel Knight was placed
upon the stand and questioned in ridicule by one of the lawyers, named
Seymour, in relation to the casting out of a devil from his person, but
the testimony turned to the discomfiture of the prosecution.
At the close of the testimony the court deliberated for about thirty
minutes, although it was then nearly two o'clock a.m. and they had been
in session since the morning of the previous day. The prisoner was
brought before the court and the presiding justice said: "Mr. Smith,
we have had your case under consideration, examined the testimony and
find nothing to condemn you, and therefore you are discharged." The
judges then proceeded to reprimand him severely, "Not because anything
derogatory to his character in any shape had been proved against him
by the host of witnesses that had testified during the trial," said
Mr. Reid, "but merely to please those fiends in human shape who were
engaged in the unhallowed persecution of an innocent man, sheerly on
account of his religious opinions."
Statement of Mr. Reid
Several years later, Mr. Reid visited Nauvoo, and in the course of an
address said, speaking of these trials:
"But, alas! the devil, not satisfied with his defeat (at the first
trial) stirred up a man not unlike himself, who was more fit to
dwell among the fiends of hell than to belong to the human family,
to go to Colesville and get another writ, and take him to Broome
County for another trial. They were sure they could send that boy
to hell, or to Texas, they did not care which; and in half an hour
after he was discharged by the court, he was arrested again, and on
the way to Colesville for another trial. I was again called upon by
his friends to defend him against his malignant persecutors, and
clear him from the false charges they had preferred against him.
I made every reasonable excuse I could, as I was nearly worn down
through fatigue and want of sleep, as I had been engaged in law
suits for two days, and nearly the whole of two nights. But I saw
the persecution was great against him; and here, let me say, Mr,
Chairman, singular as it may seem, while Mr. Knight was pleading
with me to go, a peculiar impression, or thought struck my mind,
that I must go and defend him, for he was the Lord's anointed. I
did not know what it meant, but thought I must go and clear the
Lord's anointed. I said I would go, and started with as much faith
as the apostles had when they could remove mountains, accompanied
by Father Knight, who was like the old patriarchs that followed the
ark of God to the city of David. . . . We got him away that night
from the midst of three hundred people without his receiving any
injury; but I am well aware that we were assisted by some higher
power than man; for to look back on the scene, I cannot tell how we
succeeded in getting him away. I take no glory to myself; it was
the Lord's work and marvelous in our eyes" (_Times and Seasons_
5:549-552).
Inspiration of the Attorneys
At the trial the Prophet's lawyers, who were not members of the Church,
spoke with an inspiration that caused their enemies to quake before
them. So powerful were their words that many of the assembled multitude
were pricked in their hearts. The constable who had been so vicious
came forward and apologized for his ill-treatment and misbehavior, and
revealed the plans of the mob who were then prepared to tar and feather
the Prophet and ride him on a rail. By the aid of the constable, Joseph
was able to escape and make his way in safety to his sister's home,
where he found his wife awaiting him.
The Mob Threatens Joseph and Oliver
A few days later Joseph Smith and Oliver Cowdery returned to Colesville
to confirm those whom they had been forced to leave, at the time of
Joseph's arrest. Their presence was the signal for the mobbers to again
assemble. So sinister were their movements that Joseph and Oliver
departed from the town without waiting for refreshments. Their enemies
pursued them but through extreme diligence they were able to make their
escape. All night they traveled, except for a short period when they
sought some rest in sleep, each taking turn in watching. The next day
they arrived home, footsore and weary.
The spirit of opposition which took such decided form, was the result
of agitation on the part of professors of religion. The Rev. Shearer,
Cyrus McMaster, Dr. Boyington and a Mr. Benton, pillars in the
Presbyterian Church, incited the mobbers to do their work. Benton was
the man who signed the first warrant for Joseph Smith's arrest as a
"disorderly person" for preaching the Book of Mormon. In this manner
Satan stirred up the hearts of the people to try and overthrow the work.
Missionary Journey of Samuel H. Smith
In the month of June, 1830, Samuel Harrison Smith was set apart by the
Prophet to take a missionary journey to the east. This may be termed
the first missionary journey in the Church. Taking with him several
copies of the Book of Mormon, he started on his way. The first day he
traveled twenty-five miles, and on the way attempted to sell copies of
the book, but without success. When night came on he went to an inn,
faint and hungry; approaching the proprietor he asked him if he did not
want to buy a book which contained the history of the Indians.
"I do not know," the man replied, "how did you get hold of it?"
"It was translated by my brother, from some plates of gold, that he
found buried in the earth," was Samuel's reply.
"You liar!" said the landlord, "get out of my house, you shan't stay
one minute with your books."
Samuel was discouraged, but continued on his journey. That night he
slept under an apple tree. In the morning he called at the home of Rev.
John P. Greene, a Methodist minister. Mr. Greene was just leaving on a
preaching tour, and like the others who had been approached, he was not
interested in the book. However, he manifested a friendly spirit, and
at the earnest solicitation of Samuel, consented to take a subscription
paper and try to sell copies of the book. Thereupon Samuel left him a
copy of the Book of Mormon with the understanding that he would call
again in about two weeks. At the appointed time Samuel returned and
was disappointed to learn that there had been no sale. On his way to
the home of Mr. Greene, Samuel again passed the tavern. On the door
was a small-pox sign. Making inquiry he learned that the tavern keeper
had died from the effects of the disease. He returned home after his
labors were finished, feeling that his work had proved to be fruitless.
More out of curiosity than desire, both Mr. Greene and his wife read
the book and were deeply impressed. The copy Samuel left with John P.
Greene was placed by the latter in the hands of members of the Young
family, which was the first direct information to Brigham Young and his
brothers and some of their friends, including Heber C. Kimball, of the
restoration of the Gospel.
Joseph Smith, Sen., Visits Potsdam
About this time Joseph Smith, Sen., and his youngest son, Don Carlos,
departed on a similar journey to Potsdam, N. Y. Potsdam was the home of
Asael Smith, father of Joseph Smith, Sen., and several of his children.
Joseph was more successful on this trip than his son Samuel apparently
had been, for his father Asael accepted the truth of the everlasting
Gospel, as also did most of his children. Jesse, the oldest son of
Asael, rejected the message of his brother Joseph and manifested a very
bitter spirit against the Gospel all his life.
Book of Moses Revealed
During the summer of 1830, the Lord revealed to the Church a number
of important revelations. In June, the Prophet received the words of
the Lord to Moses, at a time when Moses was caught up into a high
mountain where he talked with the Lord face to face. This revelation
was augmented later by more of the writings of Moses, which are found
in the Pearl of Great Price. Some of the important knowledge imparted
in this revelation is as follows: The works of the Lord are without
end. No man can behold all the works of the Father without partaking
of his glory, and that cannot be given in mortal life. Moses was
created in the similitude, or likeness, of the Only Begotten Son. The
generations of men passed before his view and he saw from the beginning
to the end--all through the spiritual eye, for the natural eye cannot
behold the glory of the Lord. After this vision had passed, Moses was
left unto himself and it was several hours before he gained his natural
strength. Then Satan came, tempting him and commanding him to worship
him, but Moses said: "Who art thou? For behold, I am a son of God, in
the similitude of his Only Begotten Son; and where is thy glory, that I
should worship thee? For behold, I could not look upon God, except his
glory should come upon me, and I were strengthened before him. But I
can look upon thee in the natural man." Moreover, Moses said: "I will
not cease to call upon God, I have other things to inquire of him; for
his glory has been upon me, wherefore I can judge between him and thee.
Depart hence, Satan." When Moses had said this Satan cried with a loud
voice saying he was the Only Begotten. Then Moses feared exceedingly
but did not cease to call upon the Lord and there was opened to his
vision the bitterness of hell, and in the strength of his power Moses
again rebuked Satan, who with trembling and gnashing of teeth, departed
from him. Moses bore record of all these things, but because of the
wickedness of men it is not had among them.
The Work and Glory of the Lord
After this trying scene the Lord again spoke with Moses who was
commissioned to deliver the people of Israel from bondage. His eyes
were opened and he beheld many lands and their inhabitants without
number. The Lord taught him, and explained that there were many heavens
and many earths like this on which we stand. They are innumerable to
man, yet the Lord knows them all and they are numbered unto him. These
earths were peopled by his children, for his work and his glory are to
bring to pass the immortality and eternal life of man. Therefore, as
one earth and its accompanying heaven shall pass away, having filled
the measure of its creation, so shall others come. There is no end to
the works and the words of the Father, for in this there is eternal
progression. However, our knowledge, in the wisdom of the Lord, is, of
necessity, limited to the earth on which we dwell.
Other Important Revelations
The information contained in this ancient scripture caused the hearts
of the brethren to rejoice. The Lord continued to pour out knowledge
upon them, here a little, and there a little, as they were able to
receive it. Early in July (1830) another revelation was given to Joseph
Smith and Oliver Cowdery, in Harmony, Pennsylvania. They were commanded
to return to the Saints in Colesville, Manchester and Fayette, and the
members would support them. They should expound the scriptures and
devote their time exclusively to the cause of Zion, and if the members
should not support them in these labors, then would the Lord withdraw
his blessings. "Be patient in affliction," said the Lord, "for thou
shalt have many: but endure them, for lo, I am with thee, even unto the
end of thy days." The afflictions surely came, for Joseph Smith was
called on to suffer, as few men have had to suffer. He was to attend to
his calling, for the Lord would withhold his power in temporal things
that he should not have strength.
Oliver Cowdery was also commanded to continue in the ministry and not
suppose that he could say enough in the cause, and if he would be
faithful the Lord would open his mouth and he should have strength such
as is not known among men. This promise was fulfilled, for the Lord
blessed Oliver in preaching to that extent that those who heard him
were caused to quake and tremble.[1] Power was given to these men to
bless or curse; those who received them they were to bless, and from
those who rejected them they were to withhold their blessing and to
wash their feet against them as a testimony. Should any lay violent
hands upon them, they should command them to be smitten, and the Lord
would smite them in his own due time. They were to take neither purse
nor scrip, neither two coats, as they went forth to prune the vineyard,
with a mighty pruning, "even for the last time."
Emma Smith to Select Hymns
In the same month (July, 1830) the Lord gave a revelation to Emma
Smith, the wife of Joseph Smith, in which she was commanded not to
murmur because of the things which she had not seen. As many other
wives have thought, she could not understand why her husband should
withhold from her a view of sacred things. The Lord assured her that
it was for a wise purpose, in him, that these things were withheld,
except from the few who were called to be witnesses to the world. She
was called "an elect lady" whose duty it was to expound scripture,
and exhort the Church, as she was directed by the Spirit; but more
especially was she called to assist her husband in writing and to be
his scribe, that Oliver Cowdery might be relieved to attend to other
duties. She was also chosen to make a selection of sacred hymns for the
Church, "for," said the Lord, "my soul delighteth in the song of the
heart, yea, the song of the righteous is a prayer unto me, and it shall
be answered with a blessing upon their heads." If she would continue in
meekness, and beware of pride, and keep the commandments of the Lord,
she should receive a crown of righteousness; except she did this, where
the Lord was she should not come, which truth applied to all.
Notes
1. Statement of President Wilford Woodruff, _Deseret News_, March 3,
1889.