Siphonostomata, Bl.--_Descr._ Turbinated, thick, wide near the apex,
generally tuberculated; spire short, depressed, mammillated; aperture
rather narrow, terminating anteriorly in an open canal; outer lip
thickened within; columella having from three to five prominent,
compressed, transverse folds. The species of this genus are mostly
tropical.--_Obs._ The Turbinelli are a well marked genus of marine
shells, the species of which are numerous. No fossil species are known.
The genus Cancellaria makes the nearest approach to Turbinellus in some
characters, but may be distinguished by the roundness of its form, the
raised lines inside the outer lip, and the obliquity of the folds on
the columella. Fig. 382 to 384.
TURBO. Auct. (_A top._) _Fam._ Cricostomata, Bl. Turbinacea,
Lam.--_Descr._ Turbinated, solid, ventricose, generally grooved or
tuberculated; spire short, pointed; aperture generally rounded,
sub-effuse anteriorly, entire; operculum shelly, solid, incrassated on
the outer side, horny and sub-spiral on the inner side. The Turbines
are mostly tropical.--_Obs._ The only certain means of distinguishing
this extensive genus of marine shells from Trochus, is the operculum,
which in the latter genus is horny, spiral, and composed of a great
number of whorls. The Trochi, however, are in general more conical, and
flatter at the under side of the whorls, and this constitutes Lamarck's
distinction between the genera. T. setosus, fig. 368.
TURGID. (_Turgidus._) Puffed up, swollen, inflated. This term is
applied synonymously with Ventricose.
TURRICULA. Humph. MELANIA, Auct.
TURRICULACEA. Bl. The seventh family of the Order Polythalamacea, Bl.
containing the genus Turrilites, fig. 483.
TURRILITES. Lam. (_Turris_, a tower; [Greek: lithos], a stone.) _Fam._
Turriculacea, Lam. Ammonacea, Bl.--_Descr._ Chambered, turrited,
spiral; septa sinuous and lobate, perforated by a siphon; aperture
rounded, with the outer lip expanded. This genus, which is
distinguished from the other Ammonacea by having the spire produced,
_i. e._ not being convolute, consists of several species, occurring
only in chalk-marl. Fig. 483.
TURRIS. Montf. A genus composed of those species of MITRA, Auct. which
have the whorls angulated, with the aperture lengthened and undulated.
TURRITED. The spire of an univalve shell is said to be _turrited_ when
the whorls of which it is composed are regulated so as to have the
appearance of little turrets rising above each other, as in Mitra, fig.
431.
TURRITELLA. Lam. (_A little tower._) _Fam._ Turbinacea, Lam.
Cricostomata, Bl.--_Descr._ Turrited, elongated, generally grooved
spirally; spire pointed, consisting of numerous whorls; aperture
rounded or angulated; inner and outer lips thin, confluent anteriorly;
operculum horny.--_Obs._ The shells composing this well defined genus,
are commonly called screws, a name to which the spiral grooves of most
of the species seems to entitle them. Fig. 370, T. imbricata.
TYMPANOSTOMA. Schum. (_Timbrel mouth._) POTAMIS, Brongn.
TYPHIS. Montf. A genus composed of MUREX tubifer, Auct. and other
similar species, which have the canal closed and a perforated tube
between each varix on the angulated part of the whorls. Besides the
fossil species originally described, there are now five species known,
which are figured in part 200, of the Conchological Illustrations by
the Author. Typhis tubifer, fig. 397.
ULTIMUS. Montf. (_The last._) A genus composed of OVULUM gibbosum,
Auct. fig. 443, and other species in which the canals are not
distinctly defined, nor elongated. This fanciful name is given to the
genus on account of its being described in the last page of the book.
UMBILICATED. (_Umbilicatus._) Having an umbilicus, as Nautilus
umbilicatus.
UMBILICUS. (_A navel._) The hollow formed in spiral shells when the
inner side of the volutions do not join each other, so that the axis is
hollow. The umbilicus is marked with the letter u in Helix algira, fig.
279. The term is also used to express any small, neat, rounded hollow.
UMBO. (_The boss of a buckler or shield._) The point of a bivalve shell
above the hinge, which constitutes the apex or nucleus of each valve,
from which the longitudinal rays diverge, and the lines of growth,
commencing at the minutest circle, descend in gradually enlarging
concentric layers to the outer margin. The umbones will be marked with
the letter _u_, in Cytherea, fig. 117.
UMBRELLA. (_A little shade._) _Fam._ Semiphyllidiana, Lam. Patelloidea,
Bl.--_Descr._ Patelliform, sub-orbicular, compressed, rather irregular;
apex slightly raised, placed near the centre; margin acute; internal
surface with a central, callous, coloured disc, surrounded by a
continuous, irregular muscular impression.--_Obs._ This genus is known
from Patella, by its continuous muscular impression. It is commonly
called the Chinese Umbrella shell. There are but two species at present
known; the U. Mediterranea, and the U. Indica, fig. 233.
UNDATED. (_Unda_, a wave.) Waved.
UNDULATED. (_Undulatus._) Minutely waved.
UNGUICULATED. (_Unguis_, a nail or hoof.) An unguiculated operculum is
one in which the layers are disposed laterally, and the nucleus
constitutes part of the outer edge.
UNGULINA. Daud. (_Ungula_, a nail or claw.) _Fam._ Mactracea, Lam.
Conchacea, Bl.--_Descr._ Equivalve, sub-orbicular, sub-equilateral,
with margins entire, simple, closed all round; hinge with one short,
sub-divided cardinal tooth in each valve, and a very minute additional
tooth in one valve, an oblong ligamentary pit divided into two
portions, one of which receives the cartilage, the external ligament is
immediately below the umbones; muscular impressions, two in each valve,
oblong; impression of the mantle entire. U. transversa, fig. 88. Coast
of Africa.
UNI-AURICULATED. Having one AURICLE. See AURICULATED.
UNICORNUS. Montf. MONOCEROS, Auct.
UNIO. (_A pearl._) _Fam._ Nayades, Lam. Submytilacea, Bl.--_Descr._
Inequilateral, equivalve, regular, free, pearly within, covered by a
smooth epidermis without; umbones prominent, generally corroded;
muscular impressions two in each valve, lateral, distant; the anterior
composed of several small divisions; hinge varying in age, species, and
individuals.--_Obs._ The above description is framed so as to include
all the genera of the Lamarckian Nayades, together with Castalia, which
are placed in the family Trigonacea, they are all fresh-water shells,
commonly called fresh-water muscles. The distinctions of the various
genera into which they have been divided, will be found in their
respective places, and under the name Nayades. They are all represented
in figures 140 to 152. Of these fig. 145 to 148, are more generally
considered as forming the genus Unio.
UNIOPSIS. Sw. A sub-genus of Alasmodon. Sw. p. 382.
UNIVALVE. (_Unus_, one; _valva_, valve.) A shell consisting of a single
piece, as distinguished from Bivalves and Multivalves, which are
composed of two or more principal pieces. Spiral shells having an
operculum, are called sub-bivalves by some authors.
UPPER-VALVE. The free valve in attached bivalves.
UVIGERINA. D'Orb. A genus of microscopic Foraminifera.
VAGINA. Megerle. SOLEN _vagina_, Auct.
VAGINULA. (_A little sheath, the husk of corn._) _Class_, Pteropoda,
Lam.--_Descr._ Pyramidal, slightly inflated in the centre, thin,
fragile; aperture oblong, with the edges turned slightly
outwards.--_Obs._ The little shells of this genus, which are only known
in a fossil state, differ from Cuvieria in being pointed at the
extremity. Found in the tertiary beds of Bordeaux. V. Daudinii, fig.
225.
VAGINULINA. D'Orb. A genus of microscopic Foraminifera.
VALVATA. Müll. _Fam._ Peristomata, Lam. Cricostomata, Bl.--_Descr._
Thin, turbinated; spire short, composed of from three to six rounded
whorls; aperture circular; peritreme acute, entire; operculum horny,
spiral.--_Obs._ This genus of small shells resembles Cyclostoma, from
which the recent species may be known by the horny texture of the
external surface, being fresh-water shells. The fossils of course
belong to the fresh-water formations. V. piscinalis, fig. 322. Europe
and North America.
VALVES. (_Valva_, a door, a folding piece.) The two pieces composing a
bivalve shell, which close upon each other, turning upon a hinge
consisting of a ligament, cartilage, and teeth. See BIVALVE,
MULTIVALVE, and UNIVALVE.
VALVULINA. D'Orb. A genus of microscopic Foraminifera.
VARIX. (_A swelling vein._) A varix is formed on the outer surface of a
spiral shell, by the thickened, reflected edge of a former aperture,
after fresh deposits of testaceous matter have increased the size by
adding to the growth of the shell beyond it. In this manner there are
frequently many varices, or edges of former apertures, in various parts
of the spire and the body whorl. They are sometimes placed at regular
distances from each other, as in Harpa, fig. 419; sometimes
_continuous_, as in Ranella, fig. 394; sometimes _discontinuous_, as in
Triton, fig. 398; sometimes _ramose_, as in Murex, fig. 395; sometimes
_simple_, as in Scalaria, fig. 351; sometimes _spinose_, as in Murex
spinosus. The term _varix_ has also been applied to any swelling ridge,
such as that on the lower part of the columella of Ancillaria, fig.
456.
VELATES. Montf. NERITINA perversa, Auct. Fig. 326.
VELLETIA. Gray? A genus described as differing from ANCYLUS in being
dextral. VELLETIA lacustris, ANCYLUS lacustris, Auct. fig. Sowerby Gen.
fig. 2.
VELUTINA. Auct. _Fam._ Macrostomata, Lam.--_Descr._ Sub-globose,
covered with a velvety epidermis; spire short, composed of two rapidly
enlarged ventricose whorls; aperture large, sub-ovate; peritreme thin,
entire, separated from the last whorl; columella tortuous,
thin.--_Obs._ This shell does not resemble any other genus in the
family. Fig. 337. Northern Seas.
VENERICARDIA. Lam. A genus composed of the shorter species of Cardita.
VENERIRUPIS. Lam. (From _Venus_ and _rupis_, a rock.) The oblong
species of Venus Auct. which live in cavities of rocks and stones. This
genus is united by Sowerby with some other species of Venus under the
name Pullastra. V. Vulgaris, fig. 97.
VENTRAL. (_Venter_, the belly.) The margin of a bivalve shell opposite
the hinge. The under valve in Brachiopodous bivalves is the ventral
valve. The ventral surface of an univalve spiral shell is that which
faces the observer when the aperture is placed towards him. The ventral
part of the whorls of symmetrical convolute shells, is the inner part,
that which is nearest to the spire.
VENTRAL SIPHON. In symmetrical convolute univalves, is one placed near
the inner edge of the whorls.
VENTRICOSE. (_Ventricosus._) Swelled, rounded out, (_bombé Fr._) as
Harpa ventricosa, fig. 419.
VENUS. Auct. (_Goddess of Beauty._) _Fam._ Marine Conchacea, Lam.
Conchacea, Bl.--_Descr._ Equivalve, inequilateral, sub-globose,
sub-ovate, transverse, externally rugose, striated, ribbed, cancellated
or smooth; margins entire, simple, close; hinge with three more or less
distinct cardinal teeth, diverging from the umbones in each valve;
muscular impressions two, lateral, distant; palleal impressions
sinuated posteriorly; ligament external.--_Obs._ This extensive genus,
including some bivalves of splendour and beauty, justifying the name
given to it, may be known from Cytherea by the absence of a lateral
tooth, which is found near the cardinal teeth in the latter. Artemis is
distinguished not only by its beautiful form, but by the deep angular
sinus in the palleal impression. Fig. 119, 119 a. Found mostly in
temperate and tropical climates.
VERMETUS. Adanson. _Fam._ Scalariana, Lam. Cricostomata, Bl.--_Descr._
Spiral at the apex, irregularly twisted towards the aperture; aperture
round, small.--_Obs._ This shell resembles the Serpulæ in general
appearance, although it is regularly spiral near the apex. The animal
is known to be a true mollusc, rather nearly allied to that of the
genus Dentalium, which is also placed wrongly in the Lamarckian system.
Vermetus Lumbricalis, fig. 345. Coast of Africa.
VERMICULAR. (_Vermicularis._) Worm-shaped, tubular, serpentine. _Ex._
Vermilia triquetra, fig. 7.
VERMICULARIA. Lam. VERMETUS, Adanson; afterwards VERMETUS, Lam.
VERMILIA. Lam. A genus composed of species of Serpula, which are
attached by the whole length of the shell, no part being free. Vermilia
triquetra, fig. 7.
VERTEBRALINA. D'Orb. A genus of microscopic Foraminifera.
VERTEX. Apex.
VERTIGO. Müll. _Fam._ Colimacea, Lam.--_Descr._ Cylindrically fusiform,
sinistral, hyaline; aperture marginated, sinuated, denticulated on the
inner edge; peristome sub-reflected.--_Obs._ This genus of minute land
shells, resembles Pupa, but is a reversed, hyaline shell. Vertigo
pusilla, fig. 293. Europe.
VERRUCA. Schum. CLITIA, Leach.
VESICA. Sw. A sub-genus of Bulinus, Sw. p. 360.
VEXILLA. Sw. A genus of "Nassinæ," Sw. thus described: "General shape
of _Purpura_, the inner lip flattened and depressed; the outer, when
adult, thickened, inflected and toothed; aperture wide; picta _Sw._
Chem. pl. 157, f. 1504-5." Sw. Malac. p. 300.
VIRGULINA. D'Orb. A genus of microscopic Foraminifera.
VITRELLA. Sw. A sub-genus of "Bullinæ," Sw. Lardn. Cyclop. Malac. p.
360.
VITRINA. Drap. (_Vitreus_, glassy.) _Fam._ Limacinea, Lam. and
Bl.--_Descr._ Ovate, thin, glassy, fragile; spire short; last whorl
large; aperture wide, transverse; peritreme simple; columella spiral,
linear.--_Obs._ This genus of land-shells is not known in a fossil
state. The recent species are found among moss and grass, in shady
situations. De Ferussac has divided this genus into Helicolimax, fig.
263, and Helixarion, fig. 262.
VITULARIA. Sw. A genus of "Muricinæ," Sw. thus described: "General
habit of _Muricidea_, but the inner lip is depressed and flattened as
in the _Purpurinæ_; varices simple, nearly obsolete. Tuberculata, Sw.
En. M. 419. fig. 1. (_Murex vitulinus_, Auct.)" Sw. p. 297.
VIVIPARA. A generic name given by Montfort, and retained by some
authors for PALUDINA, Lam. on account of the animals being
_viviparous_, i. e. the young being perfectly formed before they leave
the ovaries.
VIVIPAROUS. See VIVIPARA.
VOLUTA. Auct. (_Volvo_, to revolve.) _Fam._ Columellaria, Lam.
Angyostomata, Bl.--_Descr._ Sub-ovate, rather angulated, thick,
generally tuberculated, smooth; spire short, conical, with a
mammillated apex; aperture generally angulated, large, terminating
anteriorly in a deep notch; columella smooth, with several plaits, of
which the lowest is the largest; outer lip thickened within.--_Obs._
The genus Voluta, as left by Linnæus, is only characterized by the
folds on the columella, and includes many shells which, although they
agree in this respect with the genus, are yet quite opposite to each
other in all other characters. Thus the Auriculæ, which are land
shells, and have the aperture entire, are mixed up with others which
are marine, and have a canal, as Turbinellæ, and the Fasciolariæ, and
others which have merely a notch, as the true Volutes. This genus, as
it is circumscribed at present, includes a great number of beautiful
shells, most of which are rich in colouring. CYMBA and MELO have been
separated by Mr. Broderip from the genus VOLUTA of Lamarck, for reasons
stated in their respective descriptions. Fig. 443.
VOLVARIA. Lam. (_Volva_, a shuttle.) _Fam._ Columellaria,
Lam.--_Descr._ Cylindrical, convolute, spirally striated; spire very
short, nearly hidden; aperture narrow, as long as the whole shell;
columella with three oblique plaits; outer lip dentated.--_Obs._ The
Volvaria are only known in a fossil state, and resemble some species of
Bulla in general form, but are distinguished by the plaits on the
columella. Fig. 439, V. concinna.
VOLUTELLA. Sw. (_A little volute._) A genus composed of those species
of MARGINELLA, Auct. which have the spire concealed, and the aperture
smooth within. Fig. 438, PERSICULA of Schumacher.
VOLUTILITHES. Sw. (_Voluta_, and [Greek: lithos], _lithos_, a stone.) A
genus composed of some fossil species of Voluta, which have the plaits
on the pillar generally numerous, indistinct, and sometimes wanting
altogether, with a pointed spire. Fig. 436, V. spinosa.
VOLUTION. See WHORL.
VORTICIALIS. Lam. A genus of microscopic Foraminifera.
VULSELLA. Lam. (_A little tongue._) _Fam._ Ostracea, Lau. Margaritacea,
Bl.--_Descr._ Equivalve, irregular, longitudinal, compressed, oblong;
umbones separated by a slight area in both valves; hinge with a large
pit in the centre, containing the cartilage, the ligament being spread
over the areas; muscular impressions, one on each valve, sub-central,
oblong.--_Obs._ This genus differs from Ostræa in the equality of the
valves, and in having a hollow pit in the hinge for the cartilage.
Vulsella lingulata, fig. 185.
WATERING-POT. Aspergillum, fig. 44, commonly so called on account of
the resemblance of its perforated termination to that of the spout of a
watering-pot.
WENTLE TRAP. Scalaria pretiosa, commonly so called.
WHORL. A complete turn or revolution round the imaginary axis of a
spiral shell. The last whorl is called the _body-whorl_. The whorls are
described as _non-contiguous_, when they do not touch each other;
_continuous_, in the opposite case. _Depressed_ when they are flat.
They are _angulated_, _heeled_, or coronated; _distinct_, or
indistinct. They are sometimes, as in Cypræa, hidden by the last whorl.
XYLOPHAGA. Sow. ([Greek: xulon], _zylon_, wood; [Greek: phagô],
_phago_, to eat.) _Fam._ Tubiscolæ, Lam.--_Descr._ Equivalve, globose,
closed at the back; with a large, angular hiatus in front; hinge with a
small curved tooth advancing from beneath the umbones in each
valve.--_Obs._ This shell, which is found in a cylindrical cavity,
eaten in wood by the animal, resembles Teredo, but has not the shelly
tube, nor the posterior hiatus. X. dorsalis, fig. 50, 51.
XYLOTRYA. Leach. XYLOPHAGA, Sow.
ZONITES. Montf. A genus formed of Helix Algira, and other similar
species with depressed spires and large umbilici; included in the
sub-genus Helicella. Fig. 279.
ZUA. Leach. A genus described as differing from Bulinus in having a
polished epidermis, and a thickened, not reflected lip. Zua lubrica, B.
lubricus, Auct.
ZURAMA. Leach. A sub-genus of Helix. H. pulchella, Auct. Gray's Turton,
p. 41.
* * * * *
EXPLANATION OF PLATES,
AND SYSTEMATIC VIEW OF THE
LAMARCKIAN ARRANGEMENT.
_Class_, ANNELIDES.
_Order_, SEDENTARIA.
_Fam._ Dorsalia.
FIG.
1. Siliquaria anguina. Agathirses, Montf.
_Fam._ Maldania.
2. Dentalium octogonum.
3. Pharetrium fragile, with the outer tube broken.
_Fam._ Serpulacea.
4. Serpula bicarinata.
5. Spirorbis Nautiloides, on sea-weed.
6. Galeolaria decumbens, on a Conia.
7. Vermilia triquetra.
8. Spiroglyphus, on a portion of Patella.
9. Magilus antiquus, old shell. Campulotus, Guild. (from Guerin.)
10. The same, in a young state.
11. Leptoconchus striatus.
12. Stylifer astericola.
13. The same, in a portion of Star-fish.
_Class_, CIRRIPEDES.
_Order_, SESSILE CIRRIPEDES
14. Tubicinella Balænarum.
15. Coronula Testudinaria. Chelonobia, Leach, Astrolepas, Klein.
16. ---- Balænaris. Cetopirus, Ranz.
17. ---- diadema. Diadema, Ranz.
18. Chthalamus, Ranz. (from Blainville.)
19. Platylepas pulchra, Leach. One valve separate, showing the inside.
20. Clitia Verruca, Leach. Octhosia, Ranz. Verruca, Schum.
21. Conia porosa. Teraclita, Schum.
22. Elminius Leachii.
23. Catophragmus imbricatus, (from Sowerby's Genera.)
24. Octomeris angulosus, (from Sow. Gen.)
25. Balanus tintinnabulum.
26. ---- Montagui. Acasta, Leach.
27. ---- galeatus, Conoplæa, Say.
28. Creusia gregaria. _b._ showing the internal structure.
29. Nobia grandis.
30. Savignium crenatum. }
}
31. Pyrgoma cancellata. } Pyrgoma, Auct.
}
32. Adna Anglicum. }
}
33. Megatrema semicostata.}
_Order_, PEDUNCULATED CIRRIPEDES.
34. Pentelasmis lævis. Antifa, Lam. a. anterior.
35. Scalpellum vulgare.
36. Smilium Peronii.
37. Pollicipes polymeus. Ramphidoma, Schum.
37*. Pollicipes mitellus. Capitulum, Klein.
38. Brismæus Rhophodius.
39. Lithotrya dorsalis. Absia, Leach, Litholepas, Bl.
40. Ibla Cuvieriana.
41. Heptalasmis Warwickii. Octolasmis, Gray.
42. Cineras vittatus.
43. Otion Cuvieri.
_Class_, CONCHIFERA.
_Order_, C. DIMYARIA.
_Fam._ Tubicolaria.
44. Aspergillum vaginiferum. Penicillus, Brug.
45. Clavagella, a fossil species.
46. Teredina personata.
47. Lignite, pierced by Teredinæ.
48. Teredo navalis; _a_, tube (from Sowerby's Genera.)
49. Wood bored by Teredo.
50. Xylophaga dorsalis. Xylotrya, Leach.
51. The same, in wood.
(This would be more properly placed in Pholadaria.)
52. Gastrochæna Modiolina, in the tube (from Sowerby's Genera.)
53. Fistulana Clava. }
} (From Sowerby's Genera.)
54. Tube of the same. }
_Fam._ Pholadaria.
55. Pholas Dactylus; _a_, plates of the hinge.
56. ---- papyracea. Pholadidæa.
57. Pholadomya Candida.
58. Galeomma Turtoni.
59. Front view of the same.
(Here Xylophaga should be placed, see Tubicolaria.)
_Fam._ Solenacea.
60. Solen ensis. Ensis, Schum. Ensatella, Sw.
61. Solen radiatus. Solenocurtus, Bl. Leguminaria, Schum. Siliqua,
Megerle.
62. Lepton squamosum. (from Turton.)
63. Novaculina gangetica.
64. Glanconome Chinensis.
65. Panopæa Australis. }
} (From Sowerby's Genera.)
66. Hinge of Panopæa Faujasii.}
67. Glycimeris Siliqua.
68. Solenimya Mediterranea.
_Fam._ Myaria.
69. Anatina rostrata. Auriscalpium, Megerle.
70. Anatinella Sibbaldii.
71. Mya truncata.
72. Periploma inæquivalvis. Osteodesma, Desh. _a_, bone of the
hinge, (from Blainville.)
73. Myochama anomioides; lower valve with clavicle, and hinge of
upper valve.
74. External view of the same, attached to a Trigonia.
75. Cleidothærus Chamoides, attached valve.
76. Upper valve of the same, with the clavicle.
_Fam._ Mactracea.
77. Lutraria papyracea. Ligula, Leach. Carinella, Adans.
78. ---- Solenoides. Cutellus ----?
79. Mactra Stultorum.
80. ---- plicataria. Spisula? Gray.
81. ---- Spengleri. Schizodesma, Gray.
82. ---- bicolor. Mulinia, Gray.
83. Gnathodon cuneatus. Clathodon, Conrad.
84. Crassatella rostrata.
85. Amphidesma reticulatum.
86. Erycina plebeja. Mesodesma, Desh.
87. Cuming mutica.
88. Ungulina transversa, (from Sowerby's genera.)
_Fam._ Corbulacea.
89. Corbula nucleus.
90. Pandora rostrata.
_Fam._ Lithophagidæ.
91. Petricola Roccellaria.
92. ---- Carditoidea. Coralliophaga, Bl.
93. Thracia corbuloides.
94. Saxicava rugosa.
95. Hiatella biaperta.
96. Sphænia Binghamii.
97. Venerirupis vulgaris.
_Fam._ Nymphacea.
98. Sanguinolaria rosea. Lobaria, Schum.
99. ---- Diphos. Soletellina, Bl.
100. Psammobia Ferroensis. Gari, Schum.
101. Corbis fimbriata. Fimbria, Megerle.
102. Grateloupia Moulinsii. (from Lea.)
103. Egeria triangulata, (from Lea.)
104. Lucina tigerina.
105. Tellina radiata.
106. ---- lingua-felis; _a_, showing the fold in the ventral
margin.
107. Tellinides rosea.
108. Donax cuneatus.
109. Capsa Braziliensis, young.
110. Astarte Danmoniensis. Crassina, Lam.
Fluviatile Conchacea.
111. Cyclas rivicola. Cornea, Megerle.
112. Pisidium amnicum. Pisum, Megerle.
113. Cyrena fuscata. Corbicula, Megerle.
114. Cyrenoides Dupontia.
115. Potamophila radiata. Galathæa, Lam. _v._ ventral margin.
Marine Conchacea.
116. Cyprina vulgaris. Arctica, Schum.
117. Cythera Meretrix; _e._ escutcheon.
117 _a._ C. Meroe; _Gen._ Meroe.
117 _b._ C. Tripla; _Gen._ Trigona.
117 _c._ C. maculata; _Gen._ Chione.
117 _d._ C. Castrensis; _Gen._ Circe.
118. Artemis lincta; _s_, sinus in the Palleal impression.
119. Venus cancellata. Antigona, Schum. _a._ anterior; _p._
posterior; _c._ cardinal teeth.
119 _a._ V. Verrucosa. Dosina, Schum.
120. Pullastra Textile.
_Fam._ Cardiacea.
121. Venericardia, recent species, resembling V. planicostata, Lam.
122. Cardium Dionæum. Cardissa, Sw. Hemicardium, Nonnull.
123. ---- angulatum.
123*. ---- Greenlandicum. Aphrodita, Lea, Acardo, Sw.
123**. --- hemicardium. _Gen._ Hemicardum.
124. Cardita calyculata.
125. Cypricardia angulata.
126. Isocardia Moltkiana.
127. Megalodon cucullatus, (from Sow. Min. Con.)
128. Hippagus Isocardioides, (from Lea.)
129. Hippopodium ponderosum, (from Sow. Min. Con.)
130. Pachymya gigas, (from Sow. Min. Con.)
_Fam._ Arcacea.
131. Arca antiquata.