1 Sorely have they oppressed me from my youth,
Let Israel now say,
2 Sorely have they oppressed me from my youth,
But they have not also prevailed against me.
3 On my back the ploughers ploughed,
They made their furrows long.
4 Jehovah the righteous
Has cut the cord of the wicked.
5 Let them be shamed and turned back,
All they who hate Zion.
6 Let them be as the grass of the housetops,
Which, before it shoots forth, withers:
7 With which the mower fills not his hand,
Nor the sheaf-binder his bosom;
8 And the passers-by say not,
"The blessing of Jehovah be to you!"
"We bless you in the name of Jehovah!"
The point of view here is the same as in Psalm cxxiv., with which
the present psalm has much similarity both in subject and in
expression. It is a retrospect of Israel's past, in which the poet
sees a uniform exemplification of two standing facts--sore affliction
and wonderful deliverance. The bush burned, _nec tamen consumebatur_.
"Cast down, but not destroyed," is the summary of the Church's
history. No doubt the recent deliverance from captivity underlies
this, as most of the pilgrim psalms. The second part (vv. 5-8) blends
confidence and wish, founded on the experience recorded in the first
part, and prophesies and desires the overthrow of Israel's foes. The
right use of retrospect is to make it the ground of hope. They who
have passed unscathed through such afflictions may well be sure that
any to-morrow shall be as the yesterdays were, and that all future
assaults will fail as all past ones have failed.
The words which Israel is called upon to say twice with triumphant
remembrance are the motto of the _Ecclesia pressa_ in all ages. Ever
there is antagonism; never is there overthrow. Israel's "youth" was
far back in the days of Egyptian bondage; and many an affliction
has he since met, but he lives still, and his existence proves that
"they have not prevailed against" him. Therefore the backward look is
gladsome, though it sees so many trials. Survived sorrows yield joy
and hope, as gashes in trees exude precious gums.
Ver. 3 expresses Israel's oppressions by a strong metaphor, in
which two figures are blended--a slave under the lash, and a field
furrowed by ploughing. Cruel lords had laid on the whip, till the
victim's back was scored with long wounds, straight and parallel,
like the work of a ploughman. The Divine deliverance follows in ver.
4. The first words of the verse do not stand in the usual order,
if rendered "Jehovah is righteous," and are probably to be taken
as above; "righteous" standing in apposition to "Jehovah," and
expressing the Divine characteristic which guaranteed and, in due
time, accomplished Israel's deliverance. God could not but be true to
His covenant obligations. Therefore He cut the "cord of the wicked."
The figure is here changed to one occasioned by the former. Israel is
now the draught ox harnessed to the plough; and thus both sides of
his bondage are expressed--cruel treatment by the former, and hard
toil by the latter, figure. The same act which, in the parallel 124th
Psalm, is described as breaking the fowler's snare, is in view here;
and the restoration from Babylon suits the circumstances completely.
The story of past futile attempts against Israel animates the
confidence and vindicates the wish breathed in the latter half of the
psalm. To hate Zion, which Jehovah so manifestly loves and guards,
must be suicidal. It is something far nobler than selfish vengeance
which desires and foresees the certain failure of attempts against
it. The psalmist is still under the influence of his earlier metaphor
of the ploughed field, but now has come to think of the harvest. The
graphic image of the grass on flat housetops of clay, which springs
quickly because it has no depth of earth, and withers as it springs,
vividly describes the short-lived success and rapid extinction of
plots against Zion and of the plotters. The word rendered above
"shoots forth" is by some translated "is plucked up," and that
meaning is defensible, but grass on the housetops would scarcely be
worth plucking, and the word is used elsewhere for unsheathing a
sword. It may, therefore, be taken here to refer to the shooting out
of the spikelets from their covering. The psalmist dilates upon his
metaphor in ver. 7, which expresses the fruitlessness of assaults
on God's chosen. No harvest is to be reaped from such sowing. The
enemies may plot and toil, and before their plans have had time to
bud they are smitten into brown dust; and when the contrivers come
expecting success, there is nothing to mow or gather. "They look
for much, and behold little." So it has been; so it shall be; so it
should be; so may it be, wishes the psalmist; and true hearts will
say Amen to his aspiration.
Such reapers have no joy in harvest, and no man can invoke Jehovah's
blessing on their bad work. Ver. 8 brings up a lovely little picture
of a harvest field, where passers-by shout their good wishes to the
glad toilers, and are answered by these with like salutations. It
is doubtful whether ver. 8_c_ is spoken by the passers-by or is the
reapers' responsive greeting. The latter explanation gives animation
to the scene. But in any case the verse suggests by contrast the
gloomy silence of Israel's would-be destroyers, who find, as all who
set themselves against Jehovah's purposes do find, that He blasts
their plans with His breath, and makes their "harvest an heap in the
day of grief and desperate sorrow."