----, its enemies, and accidents to which it is liable, 42.

----of New Siberia, 27.

----of Nova Zembla, 154.

Lena river, ascended by the Cossacks, 195.

----, importance of the, 17.

----, barren grounds near the, 22.

----, Wrangell’s journey down the, 233.

Leprosy, or “likthra,” of Iceland, 110.

Lichens, gray, of the “barren grounds,” 18.

----, food for the reindeer, 27.

----, the _Lichen rangiferinus_, the food of the reindeer, 36.

----of Nova Zembla, 153.

----of the Pribilow Islands, 271.

Liddon, Lieut. M., his Arctic voyages, 345.

Lindenow, Godske, his voyage to Greenland, 383.

Lion, sea- (_Otaria Stelleri_), value of the skin of the, 276.

----, the sea-, of the Antarctic Ocean, 399.

Lister, Cape, discovery of, 385.

Lithuania, the elk of, 39.

Loaisa, Garcia de, his voyage round the globe, 413.

Lofoten Islands, the, 125.

----, cod-fishery of the, 125, 126.

Looming objects in the Arctic regions, 55.

Loschkin, the walrus-hunter, his voyage on the coast of Nova

Zembla, 147.

Löstadius, the Lapp priest, his self-denial and poverty, 157.

Loucheux. _See_ Kutchin Indians.

Louis-Philippe Terre, discovery of, 402.

Lovunnen, puffins of, 125.

Löwenorn, his voyage to Greenland, 385.

Lütke, Admiral, his endeavors to penetrate along the coast of Nova

Zembla, 147.

Lychnis, purple, of the Arctic regions, 20.

Lynx, Canada, or pishu (_Lynx Canadensis_), 317.

----, value of the fur of the, 212, 317.

Lyon, Captain, his unsuccessful voyage, 348.

M.

Mackenzie, Alexander, his voyages of discovery in North America, 308.

Mackenzie river, importance of the, 17.

----, forests and barren lands near the, 22.

----, influence of the southerly winds on the temperature of the

valley of the, 27.

----, discovery of the, 308.

Maesnikow, Nikita, his gold-fields in Eastern Siberia, 214, 217, 218.

Magdalena Bay, description of, 133.

Magellan, Strait of, 408.

----, description of the, 408.

----, entrances to, 409.

----, opening into the Pacific, 411.

----, discovery of the, by Magellan, 413.

----, Sir J. Narborough’s chart, 414.

----, Captains King and Fitzroy’s surveys of, 415.

Magerö, island of, 129.

Magicians of the Samoïedes, 180, 181.

Malewinsky, Lieutenant, his gold mine of Olginsk, 218.

Maelstrom, the, 126.

Mammoth, fossil remains of the, in New Siberia, 202.

Man, his difficulty in establishing a footing in the Arctic

regions, 17.

----, how he is able to stand the rigors of an Arctic winter, 28.

Maps of the Esquimaux, 302.

Mariinsk, station of, built by the Russians, 196.

----, gold mine of, 217.

Marshes of Newfoundland, 377.

Marten, pine (_Martes abietum_), the, 316.

----, value of the fur of the, 316.

Mary Minturn river, flowers of, 20.

Matiuschkin, his sledge journey over the Polar Sea, 241.

Matoschkin Schar, visits to, 147–152.

Matthew, St., island of, inhospitable character of the, 271.

Matthew’s Straits, visited by Rosmysslow, Pachtussow, and Herr von

Baer, 147–152.

McClintock, Lieut. (now Sir Leopold), his search for Franklin, 360.

----, his voyage in the “Fox,” and discovery of the fate of Franklin

and his companions, 362–364.

McClure, Captain, his search for Franklin, 359–361.

----, his discovery of the north-west passage, 360.

Mecham, Lieut., his search for Franklin, 360.

Mediterranean, dried codfish sent to the, 129.

Medusæ, enormous numbers of, in the Polar world, 59.

----, in the seas off Spitzbergen, 133.

Melville Bay, enormous glaciers of, 49, 50.

Melville Island, discovery of, 345.

Mentschikoff, Prince, his exile and death in Siberia, 205.

----, his son restored to the honors of his house, 205.

Mercy Bay, discovery of, 361.

Mercy, harbor of, 412.

Middendorff, Von, his adventures in Taimurland, 220.

----, his visit to the Chatanga river, 221.

----, his journey down the Taimur river to the Polar Sea, 221–223.

----, his return journey and illness, 223–225.

----, gratitude of the Samoïedes, 224.

----, his observations on the climate and natural productions of

Taimurland, 225.

Midnight, silence of, in Spitzbergen, 135.

Milk of the reindeer, 36.

Minerals of Iceland, 88.

Mink (_Vison Americanus_), value of the fur of the, 316.

Misery, Mount, 145.

Mollusca, small, of the Polar Seas, 59.

Moonlight nights in the Arctic regions, 32, 33.

Morse. _See_ Walrus.

Morton, one of Dr. Kane’s crew, his illness, 368.

----, his discovery of Washington Land, 369.

Mosquitoes of Nishne-Kolymsk, 235.

Mosses, dingy, of the “barren grounds,” 18.

---- of Nova Zembla, 153.

---- of the Pribilow Islands, 270, 271.

Mourawieff, Count Nicholas, his annexation of the Amoor, 196.

Mouse, field, of Spitzbergen, 137.

Muchamor, the fungus, used as food by the Kamchatkans, 258.

Mud-springs, boiling, of Iceland, 70.

Münich, Marshal, his exile to Siberia, 205.

----, his return and subsequent life, 206.

Munk, Jens, his voyages, 343.

Munkholm, castle of, 124.

Murderers, treatment of, in Russia, 206.

Muscovy Company, its endeavors to discover a north-east passage

to India, 336.

Musk-ox (_Ovibos moschatus_), description of the, 40.

----, its former and present habitat, 40, 41.

Musquash, musk-rat, or ondatra (_Fiber zibethicus_), 317.

----, villages, 318.

----, modes of catching the animal, 318.

----, value of the fur of the, 318.

Mussels on the coast of Greenland, 59.

Myvatn, ducks of the, 84.

N.

Naddodr, the Norwegian pirate, his discovery of Iceland, 89.

Námar, or boiling mud-springs of Iceland, 70.

Narborough, Sir John, his chart of the Strait of Magellan, 414.

Narwhal, or sea-unicorn, domain of the, 60.

----, its tusk, 61.

----, Greenland fishery of the, 387.

Narym, Castrén’s visit to, 175.

Necromancy of the Samoïedes, 180.

Nertschinsk, treaty of, 196.

----, criminals at the mines of, 206.

Ness, Castrén’s visit to the Samoïede village of, 172.

Newfoundland, discovered and colonized by Greenlanders, 335.

----, its desolate appearance, 376.

----, its forests, marshes, and barrens, 376, 377.

----, its lakes and ponds, 377, 378.

----, its fur-bearing animals, 378.

----, its reindeer and wolves, 378.

----, its climate and inhabitants, 378.

----, its capital, St. John’s, 378, 379.

----, history of the island, 379.

----, taken possession of by the English, 379.

----, right of the French and Americans to fish on the banks of, 379.

----, the French town of Placentia, 379.

----, the whole island ceded to England, 379.

----, importance of the cod-fisheries, 379.

----, the great banks of, 380.

----, account of the mode of fishing, 380.

----, fogs and storms, 380, 381.

----, seal-catching, 381.

Newspapers of Iceland, 110.

Night of a Polar winter, Kane’s description of, 366.

Nicolayevsk, station of, built by the Russians, 196.

Noiba, gold-diggings on the, 216.

Norfolk Bay, position and fur-trade of, 272.

North-eastern route to India and China, Sebastian Cabot’s idea of, 335.

----, attempts to discover it, 335–337.

North Pole, the first attempt to sail across the, 342.

----, the plan first suggested by Thorne, 342.

----, Scoresby’s near approach to the, 344.

----, Parry’s boat and sledge journey towards the, 350.

----, Dr. Hayes’s opinion as to the practicability of reaching the,

across Kennedy Channel, 374.

North Pole, opinions of other scientific authorities as to the best

way to reach, 374.

North-west passage to India, attempts to discover the, 342, 343.

----, M’Clure’s discovery of the, 360.

---- Company of Canada, formation and trade of the, 307.

----, its wars with the Hudson’s Bay Company, and final

amalgamation, 308–310.

Northumberland Sound, temperature of, 28.

Notothenia, the, of the Antarctic seas, 400.

Norway, the lemming of the Dovrefjeld, in, 42.

----, an absolute monarchy established by Harold Haarfager in, 90.

----, causes of the mild climate of the coast of, 121.

----, condition of the soil, and of the cultivators of it, 121–123.

----, constitution of, and education of the people, 121.

----, population of, 121.

----, coast scenery of, 123.

----, Drontheim and its industry, 124.

----, birds of the coast of, 124, 125.

----, the herring and cod fisheries of, 125–128.

Nova Zembla, investigations of the shores of, 147.

----, circumnavigated by Pachtussow, 147, 148.

----, meteorological observations of Ziwolka, 150.

----, the climate of, 151.

----, Von Baer’s scientific journey, 151.

----, scientific results of his journey, 152, 153.

----, vegetation of, 153.

----, solitude and silence of, 154.

----, rarity of insects in, 154.

----, lemmings and foxes of, 154.

----, birds of, 154.

----, other animals of, 154, 155.

----, wintering of the Dutch under Barentz at, 340.

Novgorod, the Great, subdued by the Czar Ivan I., 191.

Nowodsikoff, Michael, his discoveries, 201.

Nudibranchiata, enormous numbers of, in the Polar seas, 59.

Nullipores on the coast of Greenland, 59.

Nun, or Jilibeambaertje, the Supreme Being of the Samoïedes, 179.

O.

Obdorsk, Castrén’s visit to, 174.

----, description of the town, 188.

----, the fair at, 189.

Obi river, importance of, 17.

----, barren grounds near the, 22.

----, its importance to the Ostiaks, 185.

----, Castrén’s journey to the, 174.

----, misery caused by the overflow of the, 175.

----, inhabitants of the banks of the, 175.

Ochota river, the, 246.

Ochotsk, sea of, reached by a party of Cossacks, 195.

----, description of the town, 246.

Olaf Truggeson, King of Norway, sends a missionary to Iceland, 93, 94.

Olginsk, gold mine of, 218.

Olonez, number of bears killed for their skins every year in, 212.

Ommaney, Captain, his search for Franklin, 357.

----, his discovery of Franklin’s first winter-quarters, 357.

Onkilon, or sedentary Tchuktchi, 267.

----, their mode of life, 267.

Oraefa Jökul, height of, 69.

----, eruptions of, since the colonization of Iceland, 95.

Orange Island, visited by Barentz, 339.

Orc. _See_ Grampus.

Osborne, Captain Sherard, his opinion as to the method of reaching the

North Pole, 374.

Ostiaks, their fishing-grounds on the Obi, 175.

----, their summer huts and mode of life, 185, 186.

----, their poverty, 186.

----, their winter huts, 186.

----, their attachment to their ancient customs, 186, 187.

----, their clans, and princes, or chieftains, 187.

----, their excellence as archers, 187.

----, their personal appearance, and customs, 188.

----, annual tribute levied by Yermak, the robber, on them, 194.

----, confirmed by the Czar in the possession of their lands, 199.

Ostrich, Darwin’s, of Patagonia, 420.

Ostrownoje, town and fair of, 263–265.

Otter, the sea-, or kalan (_Enhydris lutris_), value of the fur of

the, 211, 212.

----, description of, 211.

----, chase of the, in Kamchatka, 258.

---- hunting of the Aleuts, 273.

Otter, the fish- (_Lutra Canadensis_), 317.

----, fur of the, 317.

Owl, its favorite food, 43.

----, its winter in the highest latitudes, 43.

Ox, the, in Iceland, 80.

Oyster, most northerly limit where found, 126.

P.

Pachtussow, his circumnavigation of the southern island of Nova

Zembla, 148.

----, his second voyage and death, 149, 150.

Pack-ice, 46.

----, its tendency to separate in calm weather, 54.

Paikoff, his discovery of the Fox Islands, 201.

Parrots of Patagonia, 420.

Parry, Lieut. W. E. (afterwards Admiral Sir), his Arctic voyages, 344.

----, his second voyage, 348.

----, his third voyage, 349.

----, abandonment of the “Fury,” 349.

----, his boat and sledge journey towards the Pole, 350.

----, his subsequent career, 351.

Parry, Mount, discovery of, 369.

----, Dr. Hayes’s journey to, 373, 374.

----, Mountains, discovery of the, 403.

Päsina river, scanty population of the, 220.

Patagonia, Captain Fitzroy’s survey of, 415.

----, the people of, 417, 420.

----, difference of climate between the east and west, 417.

----, aridity of the east of, 417, 418.

----, large rivers of, 418.

----, animals of, 418, 419.

----, introduction of the horse, 424.

----, fashions of the Patagonians, 421.

----, their religious ideas, 421.

----, their superstitions and astronomical knowledge, 422.

----, their division into tribes, 422.

----, their huts, 422.

----, their trading routes, 423.

Patagonians, their system of government, and great cacique, 423.

----, their arms, amusements, and character, 424.

Paul, St., climate of the island, 271.

----, chase of the sea-bear on the, 313.

Paul the First, discovery of the Island of, 274.

Pekan, or woodshock (_Martes Canadensis_), fur of the, 316.

Penas, gulf of, glacier at the, 394.

Penguin, the, of the Antarctic seas, 395.

----, its food, 397.

Penny, Master, his search for Franklin, 357, 358.

Peruvian current, influence of the, 394.

Petermann, Dr. Augustus, his view of the route to the Pole, 374.

Petrel, the giant (_Procellaria gigantea_), of the Antarctic seas, 394.

Petropavlosk, its population, 257.

----, unsuccessful attack of the English and French on, 256.

Petschora river, 149.

Philip’s bay, 409.

Phipps, Captain (afterwards Lord Mulgrave), his voyage to discover the

north-west passage, 344.

Pipit (_Anthus pratensis_), the, of Iceland, 81.

Plachina, Castrén’s residence and study at, 176.

Plover island, discovery of, 360.

Plovers of Iceland, 81.

Poland, the elk of, 39, 40.

Pole, North, probable condition of the land (if any) at the, 27.

Popow, Fedor, his discovery of the gold fields of Eastern Siberia, 214.

Population of Norway, 122.

Potato, cultivation of, in Norway, 124.

Pribilow Islands, climate of, 271.

----, sea-lions and guillemots of, 271.

----, chase of the sea-bear, 274.

Prontschischtschew, his fruitless endeavors to double the capes of

Taimurland, 200.

----, death of him and his wife, 20.

Prussia, East, the elk of, 39, 40.

Ptarmigan (_Lagopus albus_), its residence in the highest latitudes

in winter, 43.

---- of Spitzbergen, 137.

----, its summer visits to Taimurland, 227.

---- in the Tundra in summer, 19.

Pteropods, food for the Greenland whale, 60.

Puffins of Lovunnen island, 125.

----, mode of catching them, 125.

Punta Arenas, colony of Germans at, 416.

Pustosersk, visit of Castrén to, 171, 173.

Pym, Lieut., his sledge journey of search for Franklin, 360.

R.

Racoon (_Procyon lotor_), 315, 378.

----, value and trade in the skins of the, 316.

Rae, Dr., his search for Sir John Richardson, 357.

----, his discoveries in the Arctic seas, 357.

----, his discovery of the fate of Franklin and his crew, 362.

Raipass, copper mines at, 128.

Ranunculus, snow (_Ranunculus nivalis_), of Nova Zembla, 153.

Rat, musk-. _See_ Musquash.

Ravens of Iceland, 84.

----, in Scandinavian mythology, 84, 85.

----, superstitions of the Icelanders respecting the, 85.

Razor-bill, its nests on the most northern rocks, 67.

Red-knife Indians, their hunting-grounds, 327.

Red-pole, the, of Spitzbergen, 137.

Red river colony, destruction of the, 308.

Red sharks of Iceland, 81.

Reindeer, its summer and winter quarters in the Arctic regions, 19.

----, food found by the, in Spitzbergen, 27.

----, its importance to man in the northern regions, 34.

----, its formation and adaptation to the circumstances in which it

is placed, 34.

----, clattering sound of its feet, 34.

----, its antlers, 34.

----, its young, 35.

----, its milk, 36.

----, its food and olfactory powers, 36.

----, the caribou of North America, 36.

----, its geographical range in the Old and New World, 36.

----, its love of a cold climate, 36.

----, its services to man, 37.

----, its enemies, and disorders to which it is liable, 37, 38.

----, a nuisance in Iceland, 81.

---- of Spitzbergen, 137.

----, the, pens of the Lapps, 160.

----, milking the, 160.

----, the, sledges of the Lapps, 161.

----, attempt made to acclimatize the, in Scotland, 162.

----, ravages of wolves in herds of, 164.

----, rich Lapp owners of herds of, 164.

----, Lapp mode of killing the, 164.

----, its two annual migrations, 237.

---- hunts of the Jukahires of the Aniuj, 237, 238.

---- races of the Tchuktchi, 266.

---- hunting of the Esquimaux, 295.

----, the Kutchin Indian mode of pounding the, 333.

----, chase of the, in Greenland, 388.

Rensselaer bay, temperature of, in mid-winter, 19, 20.

----, Kane’s winters at, 365, 369.

Resanow, Jakin, his gold-fields, 214.

“Rescue,” wreck of the, 440.

Reykjahlid, boiling mud-caldrons of, 70.

Reykjavik, mean annual temperature of, 78.

----, the present capital of Iceland, 91.

----, account of, 99, 100.

----, the annual fair of, 100.

----, salary of the bishop of, 106.

----, schools and library of, 108, 109.

----, the Icelandic Literary Society, 110.

Rhinoceros remains found on the coast of Northern Siberia, 203.

Richardson, Dr. (afterwards Sir John), his Arctic land voyages, 346, 349.

----, dreadful sufferings of the party, 346, 347.

----, his search for Sir John Franklin, 356.

Rivers discharging their waters into the Polar ocean, 17.

---- of Iceland, 78.

Rocky Mountains, the wild sheep of the, 41.

Roebuck, near Lake Baikal, 40.

Rorquals, or fin-whales, habitat and size of the, 60.

----, their food, 60.

Rosmysslow, his investigations of the shores of Nova Zembla, 147.

Ross, Capt. (afterwards Sir John), Arctic voyages of, 344.

Ross, Sir John, his second journey, 351.

----, his five years in the Arctic Ocean, 351–354.

----, his return home and honors, 354.

----, Sir James, his Arctic voyages, 351.

----, his search for Franklin, 357.

----, his discoveries in the Antarctic Ocean, 402.

----, collision between his ships, the “Erebus” and “Terror,” 405, 406.

----, his danger between two icebergs, 406.

Rum, effects of, on an Iceland clergyman, 101.

Rupert’s Land, held by the Hudson’s Bay Company, 310.

Russia, character of the coniferæ of, 23, 24.

----, the elk of the woods of the northern parts of, 40.

----, conquest of, by the Tartars under Baaty Khan, 191.

----, liberated from the Tartar yoke by Ivan I., 191.

----, advances of, in Siberia, 195.

----, annexes the country of the Amoor, 196.

----, condition of the natives under the yoke of, 197, 198.

----, exiles from, to Siberia, 204–206.

----, value of the skins annually imported by, 212, 213.

----, life and dwellings in Nishne-Kolymsk, 236.

----, first treaty of commerce between England and, 336.

----, Company, patent granted to the, to fish off Greenland, 138.

Russian Fur Company, account of the, and its trade, 272.

S.

Sabine, Mount, discovery of, 402.

Sable, value of the, to the Cossack conquerors of Siberia, 195.

----, importance and beauty of the fur of the, 209.

----, hunting, 210.

Sabrina Land, discovery of, 401, 402.

Sagamen, or historians, of Iceland, 94.

Sajan Mountains, Castrén’s journey over the, 177.

Salmon, Alpine (_Salmo alpinus_), immense numbers of, in Nova

Zembla, 155.

Salmon, shoals of, in the rivers of the Arctic regions, 19.

----, abundance of, in Iceland, 87.

----, of the Sea of Ochotsk, 246, 247.

----, abundance of, in Kamchatka, 255.

Samoïedes, European, Castrén’s journey among the, 170.

----, their drunkenness, 171.

----, their impatience of confinement, 171–173.

----, their barbarism, 179.

----, their Supreme Being, Num, or Jilibeambaertje, 179.

----, their recourse to incantations, 180.

----, their idols, 180, 181.

----, their reverence paid to the dead, 181.

----, their mode of taking an oath, 182.

----, their personal appearance and habits, 182.

----, their wealth in reindeer, 183, 184.

----, their entire number in Europe and Asia, 184.

----, their traditions of ancient heroes, 184.

----, confirmed by the Czar in their possessions, 199.

----, the companions of Von Middendorff on his journey, 221, 225.

Sämund Frode, his Icelandic works, 94.

Sand-bee (_Andrena_) of Nova Zembla, 154.

Sand-reed bread used in Iceland, 79.

Sarmiento, Pedro, his voyage, 414.

Sawina river, 148.

Saxifragas, the, of the treeless zone, 20.

Scalds, or bards, of Iceland, 94.

Scandinavia, character of the coniferæ of, 22.

Schalaurow, his journeys on the coast of Siberia, 201.

Scharostin, his residence at Spitzbergen, 142.

Schelagskoi, Cape, rounded by Count Michael Staduchin, 197.

----, reached by Schalaurow, 201.

Scoresby, Dr., his visit to Spitzbergen, 132.

----, Captain, his near approach to the North Pole, 344.

----, his voyage to Greenland, 385, 386.

Scotia, Nova, discovered and colonized by Greenlanders, 335.

Scurvy in Spitzbergen, 140–142.

----, preservative against, 141.

----, Lapp mode of preventing the, 166.

Sea, influence of the, on the severity of the Arctic winter, 27.

Sea, Antarctic, compared with the Arctic regions, 391.

----, absence of vegetation in the, 391.

----, causes of the inferiority of the Antarctic climate, 391, 392.

----, immensity of the icebergs of the, 392.

----, the Peruvian current, 394.

----, birds of the coasts, 394.

----, cetaceans, 397–399.

----, Austral fishes, 400.

----, voyages of discovery, 401.

----, storms and pack-ice, 404 _et seq._

Seas, Arctic, dangers peculiar to the, 45.

----, floating masses of ice, 45, 46.

----, ice-blink, 54.

----, summer fogs, 54.

----, clearness of the atmosphere and apparent nearness of

objects, 55.

----, phenomena of reflection and refraction of the atmosphere, 55.

----, causes which prevent the accumulation of Polar ice, 55–57.

----, the animals of the, 40, 43, 44, 59.

----, Russian discoveries off the Siberian coast, 201 _et seq._

----, Von Middendorff’s journey down the Taimur river to the

Polar sea, 221.

----, Wrangell’s nights on the Polar sea, 239.

----, his observations on the Polar sea, 240.

----, Matiuschkin’s sledge journey, 241.

----, voyages of the English and Dutch, 335 _et seq._

Sea-bear of Bering’s sea, 62.

Sea-eagles of the coast of Norway, 125.

Sea-elephant of the Antarctic Ocean. 398, 399.

Sea-gulls of the coast of Norway, 124, 125.

Sea-lion of Bering sea, 62.

---- of the Pribilow Islands, 271.

Seal-fishing at Spitzbergen, 142.

---- of Nova Zembla, 155.

---- hunts of the Esquimaux, 295, 296.

---- catching at Newfoundland, 381.

---- hunting on the coasts of Greenland, 384, 446.

Seals, the, of the Polar seas, 62.

----, their uses to man, 62, 446.

----, the Antarctic, 399, 400.

----, their igloos, 449.

Sea-otter, value of the skin and former numbers of the, 201, 202.

Sedger river, romantic scenery of the, 410.

Semple, Governor, murder of, 308.

Sertularians on the coasts of Greenland, 59.

Service-trees in the Arctic regions, 24.

Shark, basking, on the northern coasts of Iceland, 87.

----, its uses to the islanders, 87.

----, oil manufactured from its liver, 87.

----, the northern (_Scymnus microcephalus_), abundance of, off

Spitzbergen, 137.

----, fishery of, on the coast of Greenland, 387.

Sheep, wild (_Ovis montana_), of the Rocky Mountains, description of

the, 41.

----, the, of Iceland, and their enemies, 80.

----, mode of sheep-shearing, 80.

Shetland Islands, New, account of the, 392, 393.

Shrimps off Spitzbergen, 133.

Siberia, extent of the treeless zone of, 22.

----, character of the coniferæ of, 23, 24.

----, the elk of, 39.

----, the roebuck and red deer of, 40.

----, the argali, or wild sheep of, 41.

----, the white dolphin in the rivers of, 61.

----, conquest of, by the Cossacks, for the Russians, 193, 194.

----, final conquest of, by the Russians, and foundation of Tobolsk,

195 _et seq._

----, condition of the natives of, under the dominion of Russia,

197, 198.

----, scientific expeditions sent to, 200 _et seq._

----, its past ages, 203.

----, its extent and capabilities, 204.

----, the exiles sent there, 204–206.

----, their condition there, 206.

----, condition of the West Siberian peasants, 207, 208.

----, resources of the country, 208.

----, extremes of heat and cold, 208.

----, fur-bearing animals, 209 _et seq._

----, the gold-fields of Eastern, and the miners, 214–216.

----, value of the produce of some of the mines, 217, 218.

----, entire value of the produce of gold in 1856 and 1860, 218.

----, luxury and extravagance caused by the wealthy gold

speculators, 218, 219.

----, the gold of the Ural, 219.

----, New, lemmings of, 27.

----, discovery of the islands of, 201, 202.

----, fossil ivory of, 202.

Sibir, the capital of the Tartars in Siberia, 192.

----, taken by Yermak, the robber, for the Czar, 194.

Simpson, Mr. Thomas, his Arctic land voyage, 355.

----, his discoveries, 356.

----, assassinated, 356.

Sirowatsky, his discovery of the Archipelago of New Siberia, 203.

Skalholt, the ancient capital of Iceland, account of, 98.

----, its present condition, 99.

----, its meadow lands and scenery, 99.

Skaptar jökul, 69.

----, the great eruption of, in 1783, 95.

Skates of Lapps, 161.

Skeidara, Mr. Holland’s journey across the, 111, 112.

Skjalfandafljot river in Iceland, 78.

Skogslappar, or Forest Lapps, account of the, 166.

Sledges of the Lapps, 161.

----, the sacred sledge, Hahengau, of the Samoïedes, 180.

Smith’s Sound, temperature of, 27.

----, icebergs formed in, 48.

----, discovery of the entrance to, 343, 365.

“Smoke, valley of,” in Iceland, 70.

Snorri Sturleson, the Herodotus of the North, account of him and his

“Heimskringla,” 94, 95.

Snow-buntings of the “barren grounds,” 18.

Snow, its protection of the vegetation of the Arctic regions, 19.

----, warmth caused by, 19.

----, no land yet found covered to the water’s edge with eternal

snow, 27.

----, amount of the fall of, in Taimurland, 225, 226.

----, probable diminution of the fall of, advancing towards

the pole, 226.

----, its protection against cold, 226.

Socialism among the Dog-rib Indians, 329.

Solfataras of Iceland and Sicily compared, 88.

Solovetskoi, convent of, 180.

Sorcery of the Laplanders, 158.

----, of the Samoïedes, 180.

Spain, salted cod-fish imported into, 129.

Spasy, produce of the gold mine of, 218.

Spirits, invisible, of the Samoïedes, 180, 181.

Spitzbergen, flowers of, 20.

----, vast fields of ice in the plateau of, 27.

----, food of the reindeer of, 27.

----, proofs of a former milder climate in, 29, 30.

----, birds of, 43, 44.

----, apparent nearness of objects at, in clear weather, 54.

----, the walrus of the coast of, 64.

----, description of the archipelago of, 131, 132.

----, the west coast, 132.

----, Scoresby’s ascent of a mountain, and excursion along the

coast, 132, 133.

----, Magdalena bay, 133–136.

----, ice-cliffs and avalanches of ice, 135.

----, scientific exploring expeditions sent to, 136.

----, flora and fauna of, 136, 137.

----, fisheries of, 139.

----, coal and drift-wood of, 137, 138.

----, history of, 138.

----, attempts made to colonize it, 139–141.

----, Russian hunters’ mode of wintering at, 142.

----, walrus and seal-fishing at, 142.

----, discovery of, 340.

Spout, the, of Newfoundland, 376.

Springs, hot, of Iceland, 70.

----, the Geysir, 71.

----, the Strokkr, 72.

Spruce fir of the Hudson’s Bay territory, 24.

Squirrel, value of the fur of the, 212.

Stadolski Island, visit of Pachtussow to, 148.

Staduchin, Count Michael, his foundation of the town of

Nishnei-Kolymsk, 196, 197.

---- navigates the sea eastward of Cape Schelagskoi, 197.

Stawinen river, 148.

Steller, G. W., notice of him, 248.

----, his scientific journey to Kamchatka, 248.

----, ill-treated by Bering, 250.

----, his sufferings on Bering’s Island, 251.

----, death of his commander, Bering, 252.

----, his return to Kamchatka, 252.

----, persecuted by the Siberian authorities, 253.

----, his death, 253.

Stockfish of Iceland, 87.

Storms on the White Sea, 169.

---- of the Tundras, 172, 173.

---- of the Arctic zone, 225, 226.

---- off Newfoundland, 381.

---- in the Antarctic ocean, 404, 405.

----, the williwaws, or hurricane squalls, of the Strait of

Magellan, 412.

Strogonoff, foundation of the Russian family of, 192, 193.

Strokkr, description of the, 72.

Strongbow Indians of the Rocky Mountains, the, 327.

Sukkertoppen, seen by Davis, 337.

Sulphur of Iceland, 88.

----, compared with that of Sicily, 88.

Summer, the perpetual daylight of, 36.

----, fogs of, 54.

---- in Taimurland, 225.

Sun, the midnight, effect of, on icebergs, 50–52.

Sunset, magnificence of a, 32.

Surgut, Castrén’s visit to, 175.

Surts-hellir, or caves of Surtur, description of, 77.

Suslik, the, of Siberia, 212.

----, value of its fur, 212.

Sviatoinoss, Cape, fossil ivory at, 202.

Sviatoi-noss, doubled by the Russians, 200.

Swans of Iceland, 81, 84.

T.

Tabin, the imaginary Cape, of the Dutch navigators, 339.

Tadibes, or sorcerers of the Samoïedes, 180.

----, their dress and incantations, 180.

Tagilsk, Nishne, the gold-producing town of, 219.

Taiga, melancholy character of the, 230.

----, gold-fields of the, 213.

Taimur Lake, visited by Lieut. Laptew, 200.

----, storm on the, 223.

Taimur river, visited by Lieut. Laptew, 200.

----, Von Middendorff’s journey to the, 221–223.

Taimurland, endeavors of Prontschischtschew to double the capes of, 200.

----, Middendorff’s adventures in, 220, 221.

----, his observations on the climate and natural productions of, 225.

----, amount of the fall of snow in, 225, 226.

Tana river, discovery of the, by Jelissei Busa, 195.

Tarn Mount, Darwin’s ascent of, 411.

Tartars, their subjection of the Russians, 191.

---- driven out by Ivan I., 191.

---- permanently overthrown by Ivan II., 192.

Tattooing, Cree Indian mode of, 323.

Tchendoma, the, visited by Jelissei Busa, 195.

Tchuktchi, barren grounds in the land of the, 21, 22.

----, the land of the, 262.

----, pipes of, 264.

----, their short summer, 262.

----, their independence and commercial enterprise, 263.

---- ladies, Matiuschkin’s visit to some, 265.

----, amusements of the people, 266.

----, the wandering and sedentary, 267.

----, their mode of life, 267.

----, population of the land of the, 267.

Tea-parties at Nishne-Kolymsk, 238.

Temperature of Rensselaer bay in mid-winter, 19, 20.

----, effect of the sea on, of the Arctic regions, 27.

Temperature, influence of the winds on, 27.

----, former milder, of the Arctic regions, 29.

----, probable causes of the changes in the Arctic climate, 29.

----, the lowest ever felt by man, 28.

----, how man is enabled to bear extraordinary low, 28.

---- of Iceland at different places, 78.

Tennyson’s Monument, Dr. Kane’s description of, 367.

Terror, Mount, 403.

Terski Lapps, Castrén’s attempted journey to the, 170.

Thangbrand, Christian missionary to Iceland, 93, 94.

Thingvalla, plain of, 76.

----, site of the ancient Icelandic Althing at, 91, 92.

----, pastor of, 104.

----, church of, 105.

Thingvalla Lake, in Iceland, 92.

Thiorsa river, in Iceland, 78.

Thorlakson, Jon, the poet of Iceland, account of him and his works, 107.

Thorne, Robert, his suggestion for sailing across the North Pole, 342.

Thorwald the traveller, the first Christian Icelander, his

career, 92, 93.

Tides, effect of the, in preventing the accumulation of Polar ice, 57.

Tinné Indians, defeated by the Crees, 319.

----, their retaliation, 320.

----, their wars with the Blackfeet, 320.

----, their wigwams, or tents, 324.

----, various tribes of the, and their range, 327.

----, their appearance, manners, and customs, 327–329.

----, improvements in their condition, 329, 330.

----, their wives and children, 330.

----, their cruelty to the aged, 330.

Tjumen, the first settlement of Russians in Siberia, 195.

----, Steller’s grave at, 253.

Tobacco, fondness of the Lapps for, 165, 167.

----, eagerness of the wild tribes of the North for, 264.

Tobolsk, battle of, 193, 195.

----, foundation of the city of, 195.

----, condition of the southern part, 207, 208.

Tolstoi Ness, Castrén’s visit to, 177.

Tolstych, Adrian, his discoveries, 201.

Tomsk, criminals of, 206, 207.

Tornea, reindeer gloves of, 37.

Torsteinson Jon, the martyr of the Westman Islands, 118.

Tookoolito, 442, 466.

Train-oil of Tromsö, 128.

Transbaikalia, Castrén’s visit to, 177.

Travelling in Iceland, 110, 111.

Treeless zone of Europe, Asia, and America, 18–22.

Treurenberg bay, deer of, 137.

Trölladyngja, eruptions of, since the colonization of Iceland, 95.

Tromsö, cod-fishery and cod-liver oil of, 128.

----, description of the town and island, 128.

Tschirigow, his voyages, 201.

Tucutuco (_Ctenomys Magellanica_), the, of Patagonia, 419.

Tundri, or barren grounds of the Arctic regions, 18, 19.

---- of the European Samoïedes, 171.

Tundri, storms of the Tundras, 172.

Tung-ower, or hot spring at Reikholt, in Iceland, 70.

Tungusi, the, their relationship to the Mantchou, 244.

----, their conquests and final subjugation by the Russians, 244.

----, their intellectual development, 244.

----, their tribes and population, 244.

----, their wretchedness, 244.

----, their manners and customs, 245.

Tunguska river, gold-fields of the Upper, 214.

Turkey-buzzard, the, of Patagonia, 419.

Turuchansk, Castrén’s visits to, 176, 177.

Tyndall glacier, enormous size of, 50.

U.

Uffliot the Wise, his first code of laws in Iceland, 91.

Unalaschka, climate of, 269.

----, vegetation of, 269, 270.

----, people of, 273.

Union, Cape, Dr. Hayes’s sledge voyage to, 373, 374.

United States, right of, to fish on the banks of Newfoundland, 379.

Ural Mountains, Castrén’s passage of the, 174.

----, first discovery of gold in the, 214.

----, quantity of gold found in the, 219.

Ustsylmsk, Castrén’s visit to, and ill-treatment at, 173, 174.

Utzjoki, the pastor of, 169.

Uusa river, Castrén’s journey up the, 174.

V.

Vaage, cod-fishery of, 126.

----, ancient importance of, 126.

Vancouver’s Island, placed under the management of the Hudson’s Bay

Company, 310.

Vapor baths of the Cree Indians, 324.

Väre, the, of Norway, 124.

Vegetation, protection afforded by snow to, 19.

----, distinctive characters of the Arctic forests, 22–24.

---- of the “barren grounds,” 18, 21, 22.

----, length of time necessary for the formation of even small stems

of trees in the Arctic regions, 25.

----, harmless character of the Arctic plants, 25.

----, no land yet discovered in which it is entirely subdued

by winter, 27.

----, former, of the northern regions of the globe, 29.

---- of Spitzbergen, 136.

---- of Nova Zembla, 152.

---- of Taimurland, 226.

---- of Kamchatka, 254.

---- of the Bay of Awatscha, 256.

---- of the Pribilow Islands, 271.

---- of Newfoundland, 376.

---- of Greenland, 388.

----, absence of, in the Antarctic regions, 391.

---- of Port Famine, 410.

Verchnei Ostrog, in Kamchatka, built, 198.

Verazzani, his voyages, 335.

Vestfjord, cod-fishery of the, 126.

Victoria Land, discovery of, 402.

Videy, eider-ducks of, 81, 82.

Vigr, eider-ducks of, 83.

----, Mr. Shepherd’s visit to, 83, 84.

Vikings, their courage and discoveries, 89.

Virgins, Cape, 409.

Vogelsang, deer of, 137.

Volcanic eruptions in Iceland since its colonization, 95.

Volcanoes giving birth to Iceland, 68.

----, those now existing there, 69.

----, the Esk, on Jan Meyen, 146.

----, of Kamchatka, 256.

----, eruption of Mount Erebus, 403.

Vole, field (_Arvicola œconomus_), indigenous to Iceland, 80.

Voyageur, the, of North America, 304.

----, his life and character, 304, 305.

W.

Walrus, or morse (_Trichechus rosmarus_), description of the, 62–64.

----, its affectionate temper, 64.

----, its parental love, 64.

----, its chief resorts and food, 64.

---- fishing at Spitzbergen, 144.

---- hunted on Bear Island, 144.

---- of Nova Zembla, 155.

---- hunting on the coast of Aliaska, 275.

----, pieces of skin of, a medium of exchange, 276.

----, Esquimaux mode of hunting it, 298.

Washington Land, discovery of, 369.

----, Dr. Hayes’s journey to, 373.

Wassiljew, his visit to the Lena, 195.

Waygatz, island of, the sacred island of the Samoïedes 180.

Weasel, the Siberian (_Viverra Siberica_), the fur of, 211.

Weddell, Captain, his Antarctic voyages, 401.

Welden, his visit to Bear Island, 144.

Wellington Channel, temperature of, 28.

----, discovery of, 345.

Wenjamin, the Archimandrite, 170.

Western, Thomas, preaches Christianity to the Lapps, 156.

Westman Islands, description of the, 114.

----, difficulty of access of the, 114.

----, how they became colonized, 115.

----, Heimaey, or Home Island, 116.

----, food and trade of the people, 117.

----, population and mortality of the children, 118.

----, their sufferings from pirates, 118, 119.

Weymouth, his voyage to Hudson’s Bay, 341.

Whale, the Greenland (_Balæna mysticetus_), or smooth-back, 60.

---- off Nova Zembla, 155.

----, the white, or beluga, 61.

----, the “ca’ing,” 62.

----, a stranded, at Spitzbergen, 133.

----, the fin-back, 59, 60.

---- of Spitzbergen, 137.

---- off Nova Zembla, 155.

----, smooth-backed, of the Antarctic seas, 397.

----, sperm, of the Antarctic Ocean, 398.

Whalers, their dangers, in the Arctic seas, 48.

----, depressing effect of the summer fogs, 54.

----, their operations in the Polar seas, 59.

----, whale chases of the Aleuts, 275.

----, whale-hunts of the Esquimaux, 295.

----, abundance of whales in the Antarctic seas, 397.

----, battle between a whale and a grampus, 398.

Whale Sound, enormous glaciers of, 50.

White-fish, or Coregonus, of North America, 310, 311.

White Sea, Castrén’s journey to the, 170.

----, Chancellor’s discovery of the passage from England to the, 192.

----, an English expedition in the, 336.

Whymper, Frederick, travels in Alaska, 277–289.

Wilkes, Captain, his discoveries in the Antarctic Ocean, 402.

Wilkes’s Land, discovery of, 402.

Williwaws of the Strait of Magellan, 412.

Willoughby, Sir Hugh, his voyage and death, 336.

Willow, polar (_Salix polaris_), of Nova Zembla, 153.

----, dwarf, of the treeless zone, 21.

----, dwarf, on the shores of the rivers and lakes, 24.

Wind-hole Strait of the Dutch navigators, 339.

Winds, effects of the cold sea-winds on vegetation, 22.

----, influence of the, on an Arctic climate, 27.

Winter Harbor, Parry’s winter in, 345.

_Winteria aromatica_, the, 410.

Witchcraft and witches of the Laplanders, 158.

Wolf, its attack of the reindeer, 37, 38.

----, Lapp mode of hunting the, 164.

---- in Newfoundland, 378.

Wolverine. _See_ Glutton.

----, fur of the, 316.

Wood, length of time necessary for the formation of, in the Arctic

regions, 25.

Woman, dying, abandoned, 462.

Wrangell, Lieut. von, his services as an Arctic explorer, 233.

Wrangell, his journey to the shores of the Polar sea, 234.

----, his winters at Kolymsk, 238.

----, his night on the Polar sea, 239.

----, his danger, and return to St. Petersburg, 241–243.

Wrestling for a wife among the Tinné Indians, 330;

and among the Kutchin Indians, 332.

Y.

Yenisei river, importance of, 17.

Yermak Timodajeff, the Cossack robber, 192.

----, his conquest of Siberia and death, 194.

----, his monument in Tobolsk, 194, 195.

York roads, beauty of, 412.

Yukon river, 278–289.

----, ice in, 283.

Yukon, fort, 284.

Z.

Zembla, Nova, vast ice-fields of, 27.

----, mean temperature of, in summer and winter, 27.

----, the narwhal of the seas of, 60.

----, the walruses of the coasts of, 64.

Zinzendorf, Count, his interest in Greenland, 384.

Ziwolka, the Russian steersman, his voyages, 149, 150.

----, his meteorological observations, 150.

THE END.

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study.--_New Monthly Magazine._

NEVIUS’S CHINA. China and the Chinese: a General Description of

the Country and its Inhabitants; its Civilization and Form of

Government; its Religious and Social Institutions; its Intercourse

with other Nations; and its Present Condition and Prospects. By the

Rev. JOHN L. NEVIUS, Ten Years a Missionary in China. With a Map

and Illustrations. l2mo, Cloth, $1 75.

The great merit of the book seems to be that it undertakes to

tell, in a plain and practical manner, those main things which

intelligent people desire to learn about China, its people, life,

customs, religions, etc., and does it without encumbering itself

with overmuch of detail or profundity. Reading it is much like

having a series of talks with a Chinaman who is able freely to

answer all those questions which a curious Yankee is prompted to

ask about his nation, and who does so. We incline to think it

the best book yet published in our language for giving a general

description of China and its people, without being overburdened in

any direction with details.--_Congregationalist._

When Mr. Nevius tells us about the fashions, the ways of talking,

shopping, teaching, trading, praying, eating, marrying, burying,

gambling, reading, writing, which he saw among them, he makes the

scenes life-life; the interests treated he makes altogether human:

and so he leads us on in a path almost as entertaining as a journey

of our own.--_N. Y. Evening Post._

ROOSEVELT’S FIVE ACRES TOO MUCH. Five Acres Too Much. A Truthful

Elucidation of the Attractions of the Country, and a Careful

Consideration of the Question of Profit and Loss as involved

in Amateur Farming, with much Valuable Advice and Instruction

to those about Purchasing Large or Small Places in the Rural

Districts. By ROBERT B. ROOSEVELT, Author of “Game Fish of North

America,” “Superior Fishing,” “Game Birds,” &c. With Characteristic

Illustrations. 12mo, Cloth, $1 50.

One of the pleasantest bits of satire we have read for some

time. The author has written the book for the purpose of having a

good-humored fling at the writers of works which profess to show

how, out of half a dozen acres of land any where, the veriest

novice can make splendid profit and good time as a practical

farmer. So Mr. Roosevelt tells us how, fired with the noble

inspiration these books suggest, he got his five acres, built his

house, bought his horse, cows, pigs, and poultry, and went to work

to convert himself into a successful agriculturist. His experiences

are very droll, and the financial results he arrives at highly

ingenious and satisfactory. There is not too much extravagance in

the book--just enough to make one laugh, not enough to convert the

mirth into broad farce and grotesquerie.--_Independent._

An injunction should be put upon the sale of this book, for we

consider it a dangerous thing to be let loose upon the community.

This opinion is formed from its effect upon ourselves. Though

progressive in most matters, we have some old fogy notions about

books, and one of these is to read them before noticing them. We

read “Five Acres Too Much,” and when we laid it down felt as lame

and sore as if we had done a hard day’s work at mowing or rowing.

Is a book which makes one laugh until he cries, laugh until he

is tired and can not laugh any more, a safe thing? We call the

attention of the Board of Health to the Harpers, and give ours to

the book. It is the story of a city lawyer who went to the country

to farm it on five acres, and contains an account of the blunders

of a novice. There is a perfect breeze of fun through the whole,

not boisterous fun, but charming and irresistible, and it is marked

by a genial appreciation of the ludicrous. We have not for a long

time been so thorougly amused as in reading this book, and laughed

none the less at the gentle digs he gives us as editors in general,

and of the _Agriculturist_ in particular.--_American Agriculturist._

BOURNE’S LONDON MERCHANTS. Famous London Merchants. A Book for

Boys. By H. R. FOX BOURNE. With Portrait of George Peabody and 24

Illustrations, 16mo, Cloth, $1 00.

Tells pleasantly, and with much casual information about commerce

and foreign countries, the story of the lives of thirteen London

merchants, from famous Dick Whittington to our honored countryman,

George Peabody. Most of them were self-made men, and surely no

better incentives to a proper ambition can be placed before boys

than these simple stories of real and honored lives. It is a

book, too, which boys will seize upon gladly, since it allows the

subjects to speak for themselves, and attempts no moralizing.

We know of no book which a father could better buy for his

boys.--_N. Y. Evening Mail._

GUICCIOLI’S RECOLLECTIONS OF LORD BYRON. My Recollections of Lord

Byron: and those of Eye-Witnesses of his Life. By the COUNTESS

GUICCIOLI. Translated by HUBERT E. H. JERNINGHAM. Portrait, 12mo,

Cloth, $1 75.

This book is of great value; for it collects the various

opinions of Lord Byron’s biographers, presents them at one glance,

illustrates them by the letters and journal of the poet himself,

and subjects them to a final criticism.--_Pall Mall Gazette._

FLAGG’S EUROPEAN VINEYARDS. Three Seasons in European Vineyards.

Treating of Vine-Culture; Vine Disease and its Cure; Wine-Making

and Wines, Red and White; Wine-Drinking, as affecting Health and

Morals. By WILLIAM J. FLAGG. 12mo, Cloth, $1 50.

A pleasant, gossipy book of travels through those portions of

France rarely visited by tourists, with fresh pictures, touches

of historical lore, glimpses of ancient chateaux buried in trees,

of the queer characters one meets with in a diligence, of rural

amusements, of firesides in the inn kitchens, of quaint customs

and odd sayings, and all related in a simple and natural way, with

here and there a touch of humor, must always be acceptable to the

general reader. He holds the book lightly in his hand, as if he

could lay it down at any moment; but he does not lay it down--a

smile lingers on his lips, and he enjoys it to the last page. * *

* Such a book is the one now before us, and if this were its only

merit, we should say no more. But interwoven with the narrative of

travel are some suggestions, hints, and thoughts drawn from acute

observation, which enhance the value of the book ten--or rather ten

times ten--fold. His theme is, Vine-Culture in Europe. His object

is to use the long experience of the old world in this branch of

science for the promotion of Vine-Culture in America. Thus, like a

true master, he makes his narrative pleasant to attract readers,

his description of Vine-Culture in Europe minute, accurate, and

valuable; and the application of his suggestions to our own methods

of this growing branch of home industry he leaves to the sagacity

of the reader to use or to improve upon. * * * There is probably

no person better qualified in this country to write upon this

subject.--_Evening Post._

Besides being a summary of useful information concerning the

produce of the grape, the present book contains an extremely

pleasant sketch of travel, interspersed with reflections of much

interest and observations of considerable originality, affording

a picture of a certain phase of French life unknown and unseen by

ordinary tourists. It is full of that kind of entertaining reading

which Sir Philip Sidney styles “trifles triflingly handled;” and

congenial fancy kindles over descriptions of the beautiful scenery,

the oddities of local customs, the luxurious vineyards, the genial

atmosphere, “the incense of fruitful summer, the incense of

fruit-time,” the village feasts and pastimes, and, rarest of all,

the happy peasantry, not yet rendered unhappy by demagogues and

visionaries.--_Round Table._

A livelier, racier, more entertaining volume on a practical

subject has not yet been written. Mr. Flagg shows such a hearty

delight in his subject that the most indifferent reader can not

escape the infection; while all his willful, irrepressible play

of humor, his flashes of personal tastes and prejudices, his

occasional misconceptions of character and customs, leave untouched

the sharp, clear perception, and shrewd common-sense which form the

staple of the book.--_N. Y. Tribune._

WHYMPER’S ALASKA. Travel and Adventure in the Territory of Alaska,

formerly Russian America, now Ceded to the United States--and in

various other Parts of the North Pacific. By FREDERICK WHYMPER. Map

and Illustrations. Crown 8vo, Cloth, $2 50.

This agreeable book of travel and adventure. * * * The purchase

of Alaska by the United States Government has awakened a lively

interest in that region; and whatever relates to its natural

features, its inhabitants, its existing state, and its possible

resources, comes to us with the two-fold charm of novelty and

material interest. Mr. Whymper was able to take with him the

requisite qualifications for breaking ground in that new and, in

many respects, rough and uncivilized quarter, as the results of

his exploration in the clearly-written and cleverly-illustrated

volume before us testify. * * * All that is most original and

striking in his narrative centres in his experiences of life in

the lately-ceded territory, and in the estimate which his graphic

pictures of its physical aspects and of its people encourage us to

draw for the future.--_Saturday Review._

THE STUDENTS OLD TESTAMENT HISTORY. The Old Testament History. From

the Creation to the Return of the Jews from Captivity. Edited by

WM. SMITH, LL.D. With Maps and Woodcuts. Large 12mo, Cloth, $2 00.

(Uniform with the Student’s New Testament History.)

The history of the Jews is here told in a better manner than

in any other work of the same size, and all the results of the

deep and accurate inquiries into that history are incorporated

with the narrative. It is, indeed, a popular, though grave and

learned commentary on the Old Testament, a commentary taking the

form of regular historical writing, and written with force and

clearness.--_Boston Traveller._

In the preparation of the text it is evident that great care

has been taken to render the work one that, while reverent and

recognizing the sanctity and claims of Revelation, should be

suitable for the characteristic criticism and exegesis of the

age. It is an excellent condensation of nearly all the valuable

matter that criticism, historical, ethnographical, topographical,

and chronological investigations have accumulated round the Old

Testament Word of God.--_Presbyterian_ (Chicago).

THE STUDENT’S NEW TESTAMENT HISTORY. The New Testament History.

With an Introduction, connecting the History of the Old and New

Testaments. Edited by WILLIAM SMITH, LL.D., Classical Examiner in

the University of London. With Maps and Woodcuts. Large 12mo, 780

pages, Cloth, $2 00.

A valuable and cheap compendium of accurate information drawn

from the most recent results of scholarship.--_Advance._

Those who have read the New Testament only in a desultory

fashion, or in the disorderly method in which it is arranged in our

version, will find a new light cast upon it by the study of the

Book in its chronological order, and with such helps as Dr. Smith

has here presented.--_American Presbyterian_ (Philadelphia).

Sabbath-school teachers, and the more advanced pupils of

Sabbath-schools, as well as intelligent private students of

the Scriptures, will find this a helpful and remunerative

volume.--_Congregationalist._

HALPINE’S POEMS. (MILES O’REILLY.) The Poetical Works of CHARLES

G. HALPINE (Miles O’Reilly). Consisting of Odes, Poems, Sonnets,

Epics, and Lyrical Effusions which have not heretofore been

collected together. With a Biographical Sketch and Explanatory

Notes. Edited by ROBERT B. ROOSEVELT. Portrait on Steel. Crown 8vo,

Cloth, $2 50.

His poetry will not be soon neglected or forgotten. There is

a charm about his verses which must make them ever welcome.

Tenderness, sentiment, and humor abound in them; the absence of

malice or bitterness is characteristic of the writer’s whole-souled

nature. * * * Few can read the poems without pleasure--none can

read them without interest.--_N. Y. Herald._

MRS. HALE’S WOMAN’S RECORD; or, Biographical Sketches of all

Distinguished Women, from the Creation to the Present Time.

Arranged in Four Eras, with Selections from Female Writers of each

Era. By Mrs. S. J. HALE. Illustrated with more than 200 Portraits,

engraved by Benson J. Lossing. A New Edition, with Additions. 8vo,

Cloth. (_Nearly Ready._)

HAYDN’S DICTIONARY OF DATES, relating to all Ages and Nations.

For Universal Reference. Edited by BENJAMIN VINCENT, Assistant

Secretary and Keeper of the Library of the Royal Institution of

Great Britain; and Revised for the Use of American Readers. 8vo,

Cloth. (_Nearly Ready._)

HAVEN’S RHETORIC. Rhetoric: a Text-Book, designed for Use in Schools

and Colleges, and for Private Study. By Rev. E. O. HAVEN, D.D.,

LL.D., President of the Northwestern University, Evanston, and late

President of Michigan University, 12mo, Cloth, $1 50.

I welcome the book heartily, and shall adopt it in my classes

here.

Dr. Haven seems to me to have aimed to produce a useful book

rather than a showy one. Too many who deal with the subject are

only theoretical rhetoricians: on every page of Dr. Haven’s book I

find the good effects of his being also a practical rhetorician.

Hitting the happy mean between the excess and the total rejection

of the old technical phraseology, he has given to us a series of

just such sensible, suggestive, and helpful talks about writing and

speaking the English language as one would expect from a man of his

great experience as a speaker, writer, and teacher. This, after

all, is precisely what American students need.

Upon the whole, the book has these great merits: it is a growth,

and not a manufacture; it is fresh, sincere, lively, clear,

practical; finally, instead of being, like so many text-books

on this subject, dry and deadening, it will prove throughout

positively interesting to the student--it will stimulate, cheer,

and guide him.--MOSES COIT TAYLOR, M.A., _Professor of Rhetoric and

English Literature, University of Michigan_.

Concise, direct, lucid, and arranged in a natural order of

topics.--_Advance._

This book, by President Haven, had its growth in a class-room.

This accounts for its character, which is decidedly practical. It

is no high-flying treatise or deeply-profound discussion on this

subject of rhetoric. It is plain and concise, and every way a good

statement of those principles and rules which must be observed

in order to a correct and happy expression of one’s thoughts and

feelings.--_Watchman and Reflector._

I have carefully read “Haven’s Rhetoric.” It is a good

elementary book, and has the merit of presenting many new

illustrations instead of the hackneyed quotations usually found

in compilations.--WM. PRESTON JOHNSTON, _Professor of History and

English Literature, Washington College, Va._

WOOD’S WEDDING DAY IN ALL AGES. The Wedding Day in all Ages and

Countries. By EDWARD J. WOOD, Author of “The Curiosities of Clocks

and Watches from the Earliest Times,” and “Giants and Dwarfs.”

l2mo, Cloth, $1 25.

One of the most curious books we have seen for a long time. It is

packed full of facts. Beginning with the institution of marriage,

the author successively treats of all the strange and picturesque

customs by which different peoples have given character and

interest to the marriage ceremony. The past has been ransacked, and

the present investigated. History, poetry, philosophy, archæology,

have all been drawn upon, and the result is one of the most

entertaining books we have seen for a long time.--_N. Y. Commercial

Advertiser._

A compilation of historical facts relating to the marriage

ceremony as it has been conducted in ancient and modern times

among all the peoples of the earth. A great deal of antiquarian

research has been expended upon it, and the curious reader will

find the topics of the wedding ring, the marriage bells, the bridal

cake, flinging the old shoe, etc., etc., fully treated by the

author.--_N. Y. Evening Post._

MARCH’S PARSER AND ANALYZER. A Parser and Analyzer for Beginners,

with Diagrams and Suggestive Pictures. By FRANCIS A. MARCH,

Professor of the English Language and Comparative Philology in

Lafayette College, Author of “Method of Philological Study of

the English Language,” “Comparative Grammar of the Anglo-Saxon

Language,” &c. 16mo, Flexible Cloth, 40 cents.

The volume is small, but compact and serviceable. Its design

is to introduce beginners to the laws of the English Language

by appealing directly to their rational powers, and as little

as possible to memory. It abolishes mere recitation, and makes

the work of learning more nearly recreative than any attempt

yet brought to our notice. The teacher can easily perceive its

scope and purpose. It will not relieve him of care, but will so

change his duty that, instead of sitting and hearing tasks, he

will be called upon to stimulate and guide development. The work

unites the pupil and teacher in their theme, and the processes

of teaching and learning take an identity which does away with

estrangement and begets naturalness. It combines all the benefits

of object-teaching, by fullness of illustration, with that active

inquiry common to youth when matters touching history, biography,

geography, or every-day occurrences are suggested. It is more

and more seen that the duty of education is to bring the pupil

into direct relation with things, that he may reflect or exercise

judgment upon them. The lessons or suggestions in this work are

so arranged as to keep as nearly as possible an even pace with

healthful development. * * * A look into it will prove almost as

profitable as a glance at nature. They can learn without memorizing

to a harmful extent, and what they learn will not be forgotten.

We commend the work to general attention upon its merits. Its

author is one of the first philologists in the land, and no

man has a keener appreciation of our language, or understands

better the true methods of introducing the young mind to its

beauties.--_Philadelphia Press._

Beginning with the definitions of simple nouns, the lessons

ascend by easy stages to the highest form of grammatical

construction. The diagram analysis and illustrations are admirable

aids to the student in the lessons, impressing them upon the

mind.--_N. Y. Herald._

BARNES’S NOTES ON THE PSALMS. Notes, Critical, Explanatory, and

Practical, on the Book of Psalms. By ALBERT BARNES, Author of

“Notes on the New Testament,” “Lectures on the Evidences of

Christianity,” &c. Three Volumes. 12mo, Cloth, $1 50 per volume.

* * * There is the same blending of the critical and the

practical, with constant expression of devout feelings and

sentiments, which, in a work on the Psalms, is peculiarly congruous

with the book which Mr. Barnes is interpreting.--_Presbyterian_

(Philadelphia).

These Notes on the Psalms are characterized by the excellences

which made Mr. Barnes’s earlier expository works so eminently

successful.--_American Presbyterian._

BALDWIN’S PRE-HISTORIC NATIONS. Pre-Historic Nations; or,

Inquiries concerning some of the Great Peoples and Civilizations

of Antiquity, and their Probable Relation to a still Older

Civilization of the Ethiopians or Cushites of Arabia. By JOHN D.

BALDWIN, Member of the American Oriental Society. 12mo, Cloth, $1 75.

Mr. Baldwin has treated an interesting subject with great

lucidity and breadth, while his reading and research are apparent

on every page.--_Examiner and London Review._

Both instructive and suggestive.--_Nation._

SIGHTS AND SENSATIONS in France, Germany, and Switzerland; or,

Experiences of an American Journalist in Europe. By EDWARD GOULD

BUFFUM, Author of “Six Months in the Gold Mines,” &c. 12mo, Cloth,

$1 50.

* * * A book at once entertaining and instructive. * * *

Fashionable tourists who are leaving this port for a trip to Europe

will find Mr. Buffum’s “Sights and Sensations in France, Germany,

and Switzerland” a delightful and serviceable traveling companion.

At the same time the thousands who are to spend the summer at home,

either in town, in the country, or on the sea-shore, may, by the

help of this little book, enjoy many of the pleasures of foreign

travel while they escape its annoyances. * * * It will doubtless be

more heartily welcomed by the public than any similar work which

has appeared.--_N. Y. Herald._

A refreshing and entertaining book, which will interest every

body.--_N. Y. Evening Mail._

Mr. Buffum’s style is remarkably good and graphic, and his

descriptions of the scenes he has witnessed are among the best

we have seen--so simple, animated, and to the point. He seems to

have had a genius for observation and the happy management of

facts, and every thing he sees is distinctly seen by the reader as

well.--_N. Y. Times._

It differs from the common run of books of modern travel

by looking at life from a more practical--it might be said,

literal--side, and by describing things not often touched in a

sparkling and instructive way.--_Conpregationalist._

It is one’s self walking about, as it were, and saying these

things in his own ears with unexpected and most admired cleverness.

The story of the Mont Cenis Tunnel is quite the best description

of that incredible miracle which has fallen under our observation.

Baden-Baden and Homburg seem as familiar to us, on this bright

traveler’s introduction, as Long Branch or Rockaway, and much more

interesting.--_N. Y. Tribune._

MOTLEY’S DUTCH REPUBLIC. The Rise of the Dutch Republic. A History.

By JOHN LOTHROP MOTLEY, LL.D., D.C.L. With a Portrait of William of

Orange. New Edition. 3 vols., 8vo, Cloth, $10 50.

MOTLEY’S UNITED NETHERLANDS. History of the United Netherlands: from

the Death of William the Silent to the Twelve Years’ Truce--1609.

With a full View of the English-Dutch Struggle against Spain,

and of the Origin and Destruction of the Spanish Armada. By JOHN

LOTHROP MOTLEY, LL.D., D.C.L. New Edition. 4 vols., 8vo, Cloth,

$14 00.

GREENWOOD’S SEVEN CURSES OF LONDON. The Seven Curses of London. By

JAMES GREENWOOD, the “Amateur Casual,” Author of “The True History

of a Little Ragamuffin,” “Reuben Davidger,” “Wild Sports of the

World,” &c. 8vo, Paper, 25 cents.

James Greenwood, the “Amateur Casual,” whose revelations of “A

Night in a Workhouse” created so much excitement in England two or

three years since, in “The Seven Curses of London” discloses many

startling facts concerning the social life of the lower classes.

The seven curses treated of by the author are: I. Neglected

Children; II. Professional Thieves; III. Professional Beggars; IV.

Fallen Women; V. The Curse of Drunkenness; VI. Betting Gamblers;

VII. Waste of Charity.

ABBOTT’S LIFE OF CHRIST. Jesus of Nazareth: his Life and Teachings;

founded on the Four Gospels, and Illustrated by Reference to the

Manners, Customs, Religious Beliefs, and Political Institutions of

his Times. By LYMAN ABBOTT. With Designs by Doré, De Laroche, Fenn,

and others. Crown 8vo, Cloth, Beveled Edges, $3 50.

This is remarkable for its valuable endeavors, first to prepare

the way for the intelligent comprehension of the life of the

Redeemer, by four preliminary chapters, which discuss: (1) the

peculiarities, physical and otherwise, of the Holy Land itself;

(2) the Jewish Commonwealth, its religious sanctions and moral

precepts, its judicial peculiarities, its measure of popular

education, its political economy, its national Church, and its

Scriptures; (3) the decay of that Commonwealth, the captivity,

and the Roman subjugation; (4) the civilization of the Jews,

and the whole manner of their dress, food, manners, pursuits,

and daily life. The way thus being prepared, and the background

painted in, the Christ is outlined and then colored upon it,

from Bethlehem to Calvary. Second, for the extremely fresh and

interesting way in which the events of Christ’s life are told. And

third, for the temper of the book, which is unaffectedly written

from the Christian stand-point, as Renan’s was from that of

rationalism.--_Congregationalist._

The simplicity of the plan specially pleases me. Yet you really

accomplish, in its execution, more than I find in some other

lives of Christ which make a good deal more pretension. You have

hit upon a very valuable combination of Biblical resources with

researches in related fields. It is a real pleasure to be able to

turn to a life of Christ which stimulates thought and refreshes the

heart.--Prof. AUSTIN PHELPS, _of Andover_.

BEECHER’S (HENRY WARD) SERMONS. Sermons by HENRY WARD BEECHER,

Plymouth Church, Brooklyn. Selected from Published and Unpublished

Discourses, and Revised by their Author. In two Volumes, with Steel

Portrait by Halpin. 8vo, Cloth, $5 00.

The published sermons of the Plymouth pastor, like wind-wafted

seed, have carried the germs of a new life to all quarters of the

world, and have awakened the immortal longings of the hunter in

his prairie cabin, and the sailor on the distant sea. No one needs

that we should speak of the exuberance of illustration and the

felicity of expression that make these books as fascinating as the

pages of old Thomas Fuller or the essays of “Elia.” Every body has

come under the glamour of Mr. Beecher’s style, and every one of

these pages abounds in his peculiar beauties. Here is no garden,

but (according to the author’s own lavish idea of the desirable) a

whole prairie of flowers.--_N. Y. Times._

Judged as the free utterance of a great and loving heart, as

the spontaneous appeals of a powerful, emotional man, striving

with all his strength to lift his hearers from the dominion of sin

and sorrow to the highest and noblest plane of human feeling and

action, their wisdom and healthful influence will be appreciated:

while their usefulness will be increased by the fact that to so

many readers the written word will be vivified by the recollection

of the ringing voice, the vehement action, and the vast amount

of magnetic energy which lies enchained and inspired within the

auditorium of Plymouth Church.--_N. Y. Evening Post._

YONGE’S ENGLISH-GREEK LEXICON: Containing all the Greek Words used by

Writers of good Authority, in Chronological Order, for every Word

used; explaining the Construction, and giving the Declension or

Conjugation of each Word when Irregular, and marking the Quantities

of all Doubtful Syllables. Edited, with large Additions, by HENRY

DRISLER, LL.D., Professor of Latin in Columbia College, N. Y. Royal

8vo, Sheep extra. (_In Press._)

ROMANCE OF SPANISH HISTORY. By JOHN S. C. ABBOTT, Author of “The

French Revolution,” “The History of Napoleon Bonaparte,” &c. With

Illustrations. 12mo, Cloth. (_In Press._)

SANDS’S PHILOSOPHY OF TEACHING. The Teacher, the Pupil, the School.

By NATHANIEL SANDS. 8vo, Cloth, $1 00.

A thoughtful book on a subject of the highest importance.--

_Worcester Spy._

There are many excellent suggestions in this little treatise of

Mr. Sands, who has evidently given much thought to the philosophy

and the process of education. He would have a radical change in the

system of teaching, by which there shall be less stuffing and more

feeding; fewer books, and more of the living instructor’s effort.

It is a small volume, but compact with thought.--_New Bedford

Mercury._

* * * Contains many valuable suggestions deserving of earnest

consideration by parents and teachers. The work of the teacher is a

high, honorable, and important one. Education is essential to the

stability of our institutions and the success of our industries.

Mr. Sands would develop, not cram the intellect; he would furnish

the nutriment necessary to the natural growth of the mind, not

retard it by a forcing process. He would place before the scholar

the aliment of everyday life. He would teach him practical science

and useful art. He would open before him the beauties of the world,

and show him the laws of growth every where. We are told now that

dead languages are necessary to the discipline of the mind, and

so we go back among the catacombs and study the laws of speech of

the ancient departed. These laws are necessary. Linguistic science

is one of the most valuable in the world. But why should it be

made the basis of educational systems? It is time that scientific

training should be awarded the high place which of right belongs

to it in mental culture, and that linguistic lore should be left

to its proper sphere, as the foundation simply of the knowledge of

language and the relations of nations.--_Albany Evening Journal._

DIXON’S HER MAJESTY’S TOWER. Her Majesty’s Tower. Historic Studies in

the Tower of London. With Frontispiece Plan of the Tower. By WM.

HEPWORTH DIXON. l2mo, Cloth, 60 cents.

A valuable and attractive addition to our historical literature:

one which, from the nature of its materials and its bright and

vivid method of treatment, is certain to interest as well as to

instruct the reader.--_London Review._

From first to last, this volume overflows with new information

and original thought, with poetry and picture. In these fascinating

pages Mr. Dixon discharges alternately the functions of the

historian and the historic biographer, with the insight, art,

humor, and accurate knowledge which never fail him.--_Morning Post._

THOMSON’S (W. M.) LAND AND BOOK. The Land and the Book; or, Biblical

Illustrations drawn from the Manners and Customs, the Scenes and

the Scenery of the Holy Land. By W. M. THOMSON, D.D., Twenty-five

Years a Missionary of the A.B.C.F.M. in Syria and Palestine. With

two elaborate Maps of Palestine, an accurate Plan of Jerusalem, and

_several Hundred Engravings_, representing the Scenery, Topography,

and Productions of the Holy Land, and the Costumes, Manners, and

Habits of the People. Two elegant Large l2mo Volumes, Cloth, $5 00.

(_New Edition, just Ready._)

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MOTLEY’S DUTCH REPUBLIC. The Rise of the Dutch Republic. A History.

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MOTLEY’S UNITED NETHERLANDS. History of the United Netherlands: from

the Death of William the Silent to the Twelve Years’ Truce--1609.

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ABBOTT’S LIFE OF CHRIST. Jesus of Nazareth: his Life and Teachings;

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NAPOLEON’S LIFE OF CÆSAR. The History of Julius Cæsar. By His

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BALDWIN’S PRE-HISTORIC NATIONS. Pre-Historic Nations; or,

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WHYMPER’S ALASKA. Travel and Adventure in the Territory of Alaska,

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DILKE’S GREATER BRITAIN. Greater Britain: a Record of Travel in

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ALFORD’S GREEK TESTAMENT. The Greek Testament: with a

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Vol. I., containing the Four Gospels. 944 pages, 8vo, Cloth, $6 00;

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LOSSING’S FIELD-BOOK OF THE WAR OF 1812. Pictorial Field-Book of the

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LOSSING’S FIELD-BOOK OF THE REVOLUTION. Pictorial Field-Book of

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WHITE’S MASSACRE OF ST. BARTHOLOMEW. The Massacre of St. Bartholomew:

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SMILES’S HISTORY OF THE HUGUENOTS. The Huguenots: their Settlements,

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ABBOTT’S HISTORY OF THE FRENCH REVOLUTION. The French Revolution of

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ABBOTT’S NAPOLEON AT ST. HELENA; or, Interesting Anecdotes and

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ALISON’S HISTORY OF EUROPE. FIRST SERIES: From the Commencement of

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DRAPER’S CIVIL WAR. History of the American Civil War. By JOHN W.

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DRAPER’S INTELLECTUAL DEVELOPMENT OF EUROPE. A History of the

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DRAPER’S AMERICAN CIVIL POLICY. Thoughts on the Future Civil Policy

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BANCROFT’S MISCELLANIES. Literary and Historical Miscellanies. By

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BARTH’S NORTH AND CENTRAL AFRICA. Travels and Discoveries in North

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BELLOWS’S OLD WORLD. The Old World in its New Face: Impressions of

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BOSWELL’S JOHNSON. The Life of Samuel Johnson. LL.D. Including a

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BRODHEAD’S HISTORY OF NEW YORK. History of the State of New York. By

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BULWER’S PROSE WORKS. Miscellaneous Prose Works of Edward Bulwer,

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BURNS’S LIFE AND WORKS. The Life and Works of Robert Burns. Edited by

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CARLYLE’S FREDERICK THE GREAT. History of Friedrich II., called

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CARLYLE’S FRENCH REVOLUTION. History of the French Revolution. Newly

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CARLYLE’S OLIVER CROMWELL. Letters and Speeches of Oliver Cromwell.

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CHALMERS’S POSTHUMOUS WORKS. The Posthumous Works of Dr. Chalmers.

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CLAYTON’S QUEENS OF SONG. Queens of Song: being Memoirs of some of

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COLERIDGE’S COMPLETE WORKS. The Complete Works of Samuel Taylor

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CURTIS’S HISTORY OF THE CONSTITUTION. History of the Origin,

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DU CHAILLU’S AFRICA. Explorations and Adventures in Equatorial

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DU CHAILLU’S ASHANGO LAND. A Journey to Ashango Land: and Further

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DAVIS’S CARTHAGE. Carthage and her Remains: being an Account of the

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DOOLITTLE’S CHINA. Social Life of the Chinese: with some Account of

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EDGEWORTH’S (MISS) NOVELS. With Engravings. 10 vols., 12mo, Cloth,

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GIBBON’S ROME. History of the Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire.

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GROTE’S HISTORY OF GREECE. 12 vols., 12mo, Cloth, $18 00.

HALE’S (MRS.) WOMAN’S RECORD. Woman’s Record; or, Biographical

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HALL’S ARCTIC RESEARCHES. Arctic Researches and Life among the

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FRANCIS HALL. With Maps and 100 Illustrations. The Illustrations

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HALLAM’S CONSTITUTIONAL HISTORY OF ENGLAND, from the Accession of

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HALLAM’S LITERATURE. Introduction to the Literature of Europe during

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HALLAM’S MIDDLE AGES. State of Europe during the Middle Ages. By

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HILDRETH’S HISTORY OF THE UNITED STATES. FIRST SERIES: From the

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HUME’S HISTORY OF ENGLAND. History of England, from the Invasion of

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HARPER’S PICTORIAL HISTORY OF THE REBELLION. Harper’s Pictorial

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HARPER’S NEW CLASSICAL LIBRARY. Literal Translations.

The following Volumes are now ready. Portraits. l2mo, Cloth,

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CÆSAR.

VIRGIL.

SALLUST.

HORACE.

CICERO’S ORATIONS.

CICERO’S OFFICES, &c.

CICERO ON ORATORY AND ORATORS.

TACITUS. 2 vols.

TERENCE.

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JUVENAL.

XENOPHON.

HOMER’S ILIAD.

HOMER’S ODYSSEY.

HERODOTUS.

DEMOSTHENES.

THUCYDIDES.

ÆSCHYLUS.

EURIPIDES. 2 vols.

HELPS’S SPANISH CONQUEST. The Spanish Conquest in America, and

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JAY’S WORKS. Complete Works of Rev. William Jay: comprising his

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JOHNSON’S COMPLETE WORKS. The Works of Samuel Johnson, LL.D. With an

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KINGLAKE’S CRIMEAN WAR. The Invasion of the Crimea, and an Account of

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KRUMMACHER’S DAVID, KING OF ISRAEL. David, the King of Israel:

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By FREDERICK WILLIAM KRUMMACHER, D.D., Author of “Elijah the

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LAMB’S COMPLETE WORKS. The Works of Charles Lamb. Comprising his

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MARCY’S ARMY LIFE ON THE BORDER. Thirty Years of Army Life on the

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LOOMIS’S METEOROLOGY. A Treatise on Meteorology. With a Collection of

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M’CLINTOCK & STRONG’S CYCLOPÆDIA. Cyclopædia of Biblical,

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MACAULAY’S HISTORY OF ENGLAND. The History of England from the

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LIVINGSTONE’S SOUTH AFRICA. Missionary Travels and Researches in

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to Loando on the West Coast; thence across the Continent, down

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LIVINGSTONE’S ZAMBESI. Narrative of an Expedition to the Zambesi

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MOSHELM’S ECCLESIASTICAL HISTORY, Ancient and Modern; in which the

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Political History of Europe during that Period. Translated, with

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NEVIUS’S CHINA. China and the Chinese: a General Description of

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with other Nations; and its Present Condition and Prospects. By the

Rev. JOHN L. NEVIUS, Ten Years a Missionary in China. With a Map

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OLIN’S (DR.) LIFE AND LETTERS. 2 vols., 12mo, Cloth, $3 00.

OLIN’S (DR.) TRAVELS. Travels in Egypt, Arabia Petræa, and the Holy

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OLIN’S (DR.) WORKS. The Works of Stephen Olin, D.D., late President

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OLIPHANT’S CHINA AND JAPAN. Narrative of the Earl of Elgin’s Mission

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OLIPHANT’S (MRS.) LIFE OF EDWARD IRVING. The Life of Edward Irving,

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PAGE’S LA PLATA. La Plata: the Argentine Confederation and Paraguay.

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River La Plata and Adjacent Countries, during the Years 1853, ’54,

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POETS OF THE NINETEENTH CENTURY. The Poets of the Nineteenth Century.

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RUSSELL’S MODERN EUROPE. History of Modern Europe, with a View of the

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SMILES’S LIFE OF THE STEPHENSON’S. The Life of George Stephenson,

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SPEKE’S AFRICA. Journal of the Discovery of the Source of the

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SHAKSPEARE. The Dramatic Works of William Shakspeare, with the

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SPRING’S SERMONS. Pulpit Ministrations; or, Sabbath Readings. A

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GARDINER SPRING, D.D., Pastor of the Brick Presbyterian Church in

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STRICKLAND’S (MISS) QUEENS OF SCOTLAND. Lives of the Queens of

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THE STUDENT’S HISTORIES.

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Gibbon. Engravings. 12mo, Cloth, $2 00.

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Old Testament History. Engravings. 12mo, Cloth, $2 00.

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THOMSON’S LAND AND THE BOOK. The Land and the Book; or, Biblical

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TICKNOR’S HISTORY OF SPANISH LITERATURE. With Criticisms on the

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WILKINSON’S ANCIENT EGYPTIANS. A Popular Account of their Manners

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VÁMRÉRY’S CENTRAL ASIA. Travels in Central Asia. Being the Account of

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MAURY’S (M. F.) PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY OF THE SEA. The Physical Geography

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WOOD’S HOMES WITHOUT HANDS. Homes Without Hands: being a Description

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ANTHON’S SMITH’S DICTIONARY OF ANTIQUITIES. A Dictionary of Greek and

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ANTHON’S CLASSICAL DICTIONARY. Containing an Account of the principal

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ENGLISHMAN’S GREEK CONCORDANCE. The Englishman’s Greek Concordance of

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Transcriber’s Notes

Punctuation and spelling were made consistent when a predominant

preference was found in the original book; otherwise they were not

changed. Inconsistent hyphenation was not changed.

Simple typographical errors were corrected; unbalanced quotation

marks were remedied when the change was obvious, and otherwise left

unbalanced.

Illustrations in this eBook have been positioned between paragraphs

and outside quotations. In versions of this eBook that support

hyperlinks, the page references in the List of Illustrations lead

to the corresponding illustrations.

Numbers corresponding to those in the List of Illustration have

been added to the captions as an aid when reading versions of this

eBook that do not support hyperlinks.

Footnotes, originally at the bottoms of pages, have been renumbered,

collected, and placed just before the Index.

The index was not systematically checked for proper alphabetization

or correct page references. The entry and sub-entries for “Alaska”

were out-of-sequence, and were moved by Transcriber.

The Polar World A popular description of man and nature in the Arctic and Antarctic regions of the globe · 第 43 / 43 章