THE PRONUNCIAMIENTO.
In any revolution, the insurgents have always an immense advantage over
the government they are attacking, from the fact that, as they hold
together, know their numbers, and act in accordance with a long worked
out plan, they are not only cognizant of what they want, but also,
whither they are proceeding. The government, on the other hand, however
well informed it may be, and however well on its guard, is obliged
to remain for a considerable length of time in an attitude of armed
expectation, without knowing whence the danger that menaces it will
come, or the strength of the rebellion it will have to combat.
On the other hand, again, as the secret of the discovery of the plot
remains with a small band of confidential agents of the authorities,
the latter do not know at first whom to trust, or whom to reckon on.
They suspect everybody, even the very troops defending them, whom they
fear to see turning against them at any moment, and overthrowing them.
This is more especially the case in Mexico and all the old Spanish
colonies, where the governmental system is essentially military, and is
consequently only based on naturally unintelligent and venal troops, who
are utterly deficient of patriotic feelings, and whom interest alone,
that is to say, pay or promotion, can keep to their duty.
The history of all the revolutions which, during the last fifty years,
have caused torrents of blood to flow in the New World, is entirely
contained in the last passage we have written.
The President of the Republic had been informed of the designs of the
general, as far as that was possible; he had known for more than a month
that a vast plot was being formed; he even was aware of the probable day
fixed for the pronunciamiento, but he did not know a syllable about the
plans arranged by Don Sebastian and his adherents. As the plot was to
burst out in Mexico, the President had filled the capital with troops;
and called in those on whose fidelity he thought he could reckon with
the greatest certainty.
But his preparations were necessarily restricted to this, and he had
been constrained to wait till the revolution commenced.
It burst forth with the suddenness of a peal of thunder at twenty places
simultaneously, at about the second hour of the tarde. The President,
who was at once informed, and who had only come to the circus in order
not to be invested in the government palace, instantly took the measures
he thought most efficacious.
The news, however, rapidly arrived, and became worse and worse, and the
insurrection was assuming frightful proportions. The revolters at first
tried to install themselves on the Plaza Major in order to seize the
government palace, but being repulsed with loss, after a very serious
contest, they ambuscaded themselves in Tacuba, Secunda Monterilla, and
San Agustin streets, erected barricades, and exchanged a sharp fire with
the faithful troops.
The cannon roared in the square, and the balls made large gaps in the
ranks of the insurgents, who replied with yells of rage and increased
firing.
Colonel Lupo had taken possession of two city gates, which he burned
down, and through which fresh reinforcements reached the insurgents, who
now proclaimed themselves masters of one-third of the city. The foreign
merchants, established in Mexico, had hoisted their national flags
over their houses, in which they remained shut up, and suffering great
anxiety.
The President was still standing motionless in the centre of the circus,
frowning at each new message, or angrily striking the pommel of his
saddle with his clenched fist.
All at once a man glided secretly between the horses' legs, and gently
touched the general's boot, who turned round quickly.
"Ah!" he exclaimed, on recognizing him. "At last! Well, Curumilla?"
But the Indian, without answering, thrust a folded paper into his hand,
and disappeared as rapidly as he had come. The general eagerly scanned
the letter, which only contained these words, written in French--"All is
going on well. Charge vigorously."
The general's face grew brighter, he drew himself up haughtily, and
brandishing his sword with a martial air, shouted in a voice heard by
all, "Forward, Muchachos!"
Then, digging his spurs into his horse's sides, he galloped out of
the circus, followed by the greater part of the troops, the remainder
receiving orders to hold their present position until further warning.
"Now," said the President to the officers who pressed round him, "the
game is won; within an hour the insurrection will be conquered."
In fact matters had greatly altered. This is what had occurred:
Valentine, as we said, had taken a house in Tacuba Street, and another
in the vicinity of the San Lázaro gate. During the night that preceded
the pronunciamiento, four hundred resolute soldiers, commanded by
faithful officers, were introduced into the house in Tacuba Street,
where they remained so well hidden that no one suspected their presence.
A similar number of troops were stowed away in the house at the San
Lázaro gate.
Don Martial, at the head of a large body of men, slipped into the small
house belonging to the capataz, and, being warned by the latter so
soon as the general had gone off to attend the review, he passed into
his mansion through the masked door we know, and occupied it without
striking a blow.
The Tigrero straightway set a trap, in which several of the principal
chiefs of the insurgents were caught, believing that they would find
General Guerrero at home, and were at once made prisoners.
These three points occupied, they waited. Colonel Lupo had attacked the
San Lázaro gate so vigorously and unexpectedly, that it was impossible
to prevent him burning it. A very obstinate fight at once began, and
the colonel, after a brave resistance, had been at length compelled to
retreat and fall back on the main body of the insurgents, who were still
masters, or nearly so, of the centre of the city.
We have mentioned that in Mexico all the houses are flat roofed; hence,
in any revolution, the scenes in the street are repeated on the terraces
of the houses; for the tactics adopted in such cases are to line these
terraces with soldiers. Through a strange fatality the insurgents, while
seizing the principal streets, had forgotten, or rather neglected, to
occupy the houses, as they believed themselves masters of the situation.
All at once the terraces in Tacuba Street, looking on the Plaza Mayor,
were covered with sharpshooters, who began a tremendous fire on the
insurgents collected beneath them. The same manoeuvre was simultaneously
executed in Monterilla and San Augustín Streets, and the terraces of the
palace were covered with troops also.
The artillerymen, who had hitherto fired at long range, now brought up
their guns almost within pistol shot of the streets, and, in spite of
the musketry fire of the insurgents, bravely posted their batteries and
began hurtling showers of canister among the defenders of the barricades.
Almost simultaneously, the troops faithful to the government appeared in
the rear of the rebels, and being supported by the sharpshooters on the
terraces, charged vigorously to the incessantly repeated cry of "Méjico,
Méjico, Independencia!"
The insurgents felt they were lost, for they were caught between three
fires; still they offered a courageous resistance, for, knowing that
if they fell alive into the hands of the conqueror, they would be
mercilessly shot, they allowed themselves to be killed with Indian
stoicism, and did not yield an inch of ground.
The general was in a terrible rage; without a hat, his face blackened
with gunpowder, and his uniform torn in several places, he leapt his
horse over the corpses, and dashed blindly into the thick of the
government troops, followed by a small band of friends, who bravely let
themselves be killed at his side.
The fight was positively degenerating into a massacre; the two parties,
as unhappily always happens in civil wars, fought with the greater fury
and obstinacy because brothers were contending against brothers, and
many of them, for whom politics were only a pretext, took advantage of
the medley to satiate personal hatred and avenge old insults.
However, this could not go on for long thus, and it was necessary to get
out of the situation at all risks. General Guerrero, unaware of the
occupation of his house, resolved to fight his way thither, barricade
himself, and obtain an honourable capitulation for himself and his
comrades.
No sooner was the plan conceived than the execution was attempted. Don
Sebastian collected round him all the fighting men left, and formed
them into a small band--for the canister and bullets had made frightful
ravages in the ranks of the insurgents--and placed himself at their head.
"Forward, forward!" he shouted as he rushed at the enemy.
His men followed him with yells of fury. The collision was terrible, the
fight fearful; for four or five minutes a funereal silence brooded over
this confused mass of combatants, who attacked each so savagely. They
stabbed each other mercilessly, disdaining to use their firearms, and
preferring, as a speedier resource, the sharp points of their sabres and
bayonets.
At length the President's troops fell back slightly, the insurgents
took advantage of it to redouble their efforts, which were already
superhuman, and reached the general's house. The doors were broken open
in an instant, and all rushed pell-mell into the courtyard. They were
saved! since they had at last reached the shelter where they hoped to
defend themselves.
At this moment a frightful thing happened; the gallery commanding the
courtyard and the stairs was entirely occupied by soldiers, and so soon
as the insurgents appeared, the muskets were pointed down at them,
a tornado of fire passed over them like the blast of death, and in a
second a mass of corpses covered the ground.
The insurgents, terrified by this sudden attack, which they were so far
from anticipating, hurriedly fell back, instinctively seeking an outlet
by which to escape. The tumult then became terrible, and the massacre
assumed the proportions of an organized butchery. Driven back into the
courtyard by the troops who pursued them, and met there by those who
had attacked them and now charged at the bayonet point, these wretched
men, rendered senseless by terror, did not dream any longer of employing
their weapons, but falling on their knees before their executioners, and
clasping their trembling hands, they implored the mercy of the troops,
who, intoxicated by the smell of blood, and affected by that horrible
murder fever which seizes upon even the coolest man on the battle field,
felled them, like oxen in the shambles, and plunged their sabres and
bayonets into their bodies with grins of delight and ferocious laughter,
and felt a horrible pleasure in seeing their victims writhe with
heartbreaking cries in the last convulsions of death.
General Don Sebastian, though wounded, and who seemed to have been
protected by a charm throughout this scene of carnage, defended himself
like a lion against several soldiers, who tried in vain to transfix him
with their bayonets. Leaning against a column he whirled his sabre
round his head, evidently seeking death, but wishful to sell his life as
dearly as possible.
Suddenly Valentine cleft his way through the combatants, followed by
Belhumeur, Black Elk, and Curumilla, who were engaged in warding off the
blows the soldiers incessantly made at him, and reached the general.
"Ah!" the latter said on perceiving him, "here you are at last, then."
And he dealt him a terrible blow, but Belhumeur parried it, and
Valentine continued to advance.
"Withdraw," he said to the soldiers who surrounded the general, "this
man belongs to me."
The soldiers, though they did not know the hunter, intimidated by the
accent with which he uttered these words, and recognizing in him one of
those rare men who can always impose on common natures, respectfully
fell back without making the slightest objection.
The hunter threw his purse to them.
"You dare to defy the lion at bay," the general shouted, gnashing his
teeth; "although attacked by dogs, he can still avenge his death."
"You will not die," the hunter said coldly; "throw away that sabre,
which is now useless."
"Ah, ah!" Don Sebastian said with a grin of rage; "I am not to die; and
why not, pray?"
"Because," he answered, in a cutting voice, "death would be a mercy to
you, and you must be punished."
"Oh!" he shrieked, and, blinded by rage, he rushed madly at the hunter.
The latter, without falling back a step, contented himself with giving a
signal. At the same moment a slipknot fell on the general's shoulders,
and he rolled on the ground with a yell of rage. Curumilla had lassoed
him.
In vain did Don Sebastian attempt further resistance; after useless
efforts he was reduced to utter impotence, and forced, not only to
confess he had been vanquished, but to yield himself to the mercy of his
conquerors. The latter, at a sign from Valentine, disarmed him first,
and then bound him, so that he could not make the slightest movement.
The massacre was ended, the insurrection had been drowned in blood. The
few rebels who survived the carnage were prisoners; the victors, in the
first moment of enthusiasm, had shot several, and it required the most
energetic interference on the part of the officers to check this rather
too summary justice.
At this moment joyous shouts burst forth, and the President of the
Republic entered the courtyard at the head of a large staff, glistening
with embroidery.
"Ah, ah!" he said, as he took a contemptuous glance at the general, who
had been thrown on the stones, "so this is the man who wished to change
the institutions of his country?"
Don Sebastian did not deign to reply; but he looked at the speaker with
such an expression of implacable hatred, that the President could not
endure it, and was forced to turn his head away.
"Did this man surrender?" he asked one of his officers.
"No, coward," the general answered, with clenched teeth, "I will not
surrender to hangmen."
"Take this man to prison with the others," the President continued, "an
example must be made; but take care that they are not insulted by the
people."
"Yes," the general muttered, "ever the same system."
"A fall and entire pardon," the President continued, "will be granted to
the unhappy men who were led astray, and have recognized their crime.
The lesson they have received was rather rough, and I am convinced that
it will do them good."
"Clemency after the massacre, that is the usual way," the general said
again.
The President passed without answering him, and left the courtyard. A
few minutes later the prisoners were led away to prison, in spite of the
efforts of the exasperated populace to massacre them on the road.
General Don Sebastian Guerrero was one of the first to appear before the
tribunal. He disdained any defence, and during the whole trial preserved
a gloomy silence; he was unceremoniously condemned to be shot, his
estates confiscated, and his name was declared infamous.
So soon as the sentence was recorded, the general was placed in the
chapel, where he was to remain three days before execution.