NURSE TELLS LADY MARY ABOUT A LITTLE BOY WHO WAS EATEN BY A BEAR IN THE
PROVINCE OP NEW BRUNSWICK--OF A BABY THAT WAS CARRIED AWAY, BUT TAKEN
ALIVE--A WALK IN THE GARDEN--HUMMING-BIRDS--CANADIAN BALSAMS.
"Nurse," said Lady Mary, "did you ever hear of any one having been eaten
by a wolf or bear?"
"I have heard of such things happening, my dear, in this country; but
only in lonely, unsettled parts of the country, near swamps and deep
woods."
"Did you ever hear of any little boy or girl having been carried off by a
wolf or bear?" asked the child.
"No, my lady, not in Canada, though similar accidents may have happened
there; but when I was a young girl I heard of such tragedies at New
Brunswick; one of the British provinces lying to the east of this, and a
cold and rather barren country, but containing many minerals, such as
coal, limestone, and marble, besides vast forests of pine, and small lakes
and rivers. It resembles Lower Canada in many respects; but it is not so
pleasant as the province of Upper Canada, neither is it so productive.
"Thirty years ago it was not so well cleared or cultivated as it is now,
and the woods were full of wild beasts that dwelt among the swamps and
wild rocky valleys. Bears, wolves, and catamounts abounded, with foxes of
several kinds, and many of the fine furred and smaller species of animals,
which were much sought for, on account of their skins. Well, my dear, near
the little village where my aunt and uncle were, living, there were great
tracts of unbroken swamps and forests, which of course sheltered many wild
animals. A sad accident happened a few days before we arrived, which
caused much sorrow, and no little fright, in the place.
"An old man went out into the woods one morning with his little grandson,
to look for the oxen, which had strayed from the clearing. They had not
gone many yards from the enclosure when they heard a crackling and
rustling among the underwood and dry timbers that strewed the ground. The
old man, thinking it was caused by the cattle they were looking for, bade
the little boy go forward and drive them, on the track; but in a few
minutes he heard a fearful cry from the child, and hurrying forward
through the tangled brushwood, saw the poor little boy in the deadly grasp
of a huge black bear, who was making off at a fast trot with his prey.
"The old man was unarmed, and too feeble to pursue the dreadful beast. He
could only wring his hands and rend his grey hairs in grief and terror;
but his lamentations would not restore the child to life. A band of
hunters and lumberers, armed with rifles and knives, turned out to beat
the woods, and were not long in tracking the savage animal to his retreat
in a neighbouring cedar swamp. A few fragments of the child's dress were
all that remained of him; but the villagers had the satisfaction of
killing the great she-bear with her two half-grown cubs. The magistrates
of the district gave them a large sum for shooting these creatures, and
the skins were sold, and the money given to the parents of the little boy;
but no money could console them for the loss of their beloved child.
"The flesh of the bear is eaten both by Indians and hunters; it is like
coarse beef. The hams are cured a led, the woods disappear. The axe and
the fire destroy the haunts that sheltered these wild beasts, and they
retreat further back, where the deer and other creatures on which they
principally feed abound."
"Nurse, that was a very sad story about the poor little boy," said Lady
Mary.
"I also heard of a little child," continued nurse, "not more than two years
old, who was with her mother in the harvest field; who had spread a shawl
on the ground near a tall tree, and laid the child upon it to sleep or
play, when a bear came out of the wood and carried her off, leaping the
fence with her in its arms; but the mother ran screaming after the beast,
and the reapers pursued so closely with their pitchforks and reaping-hooks,
that Bruin, who was only a half-grown bear, being hard pressed, made for a
tree; and as it was not easy to climb with a babe in his arms, he quietly
laid the little one down at the foot of the tree, and soon was among the
thick branches out of the reach of the enemy. I dare say baby must have
wondered what rough nurse had taken her up; but she was unhurt, and is
alive now."
"I am so glad, nurse, the dear baby was not hugged to death by that
horrid black bear; and I hope he was killed."
"I dare say, my lady, he was shot by some of the men; for they seldom
worked near the forest without having a gun with them, in case of seeing
deer, or pigeons, or partridges."
"I should not like to live in that country, Mrs. Frazer; for a bear, a
wolf, or a catamount might eat me."
"I never heard of a governor's daughter being eaten by a bear," said Mrs.
Frazer, laughing, as she noticed the earnest expression on the face of her
little charge. She then continued her account of the ursine family.
"The bear retires in cold weather, and sleeps till warmer seasons awaken
him; he does not lay up any store of winter provisions, because he seldom
rouses himself during the time of his long sleep, and in the spring he
finds food, both vegetable and animal, for he can eat anything when
hungry, like the hog. He often robs the wild bees of their honey, and his
hide being so very thick, seems insensible to the stings of the angry
bees. Bruin will sometimes find odd places for his winter bed, for a
farmer, who was taking a stack of wheat into his barn to be threshed in
the winter time, once found a large black bear comfortably asleep in the
middle of the sheaves."
"How could the bear have got into the stack of wheat, nurse?"
"The claws of this animal are so strong, and he makes so much use of his
paws, which are almost like hands, that he must have pulled the sheaves
out, and so made an entrance for himself. His skin and flesh amply repaid
the farmer for any injury the grain had received. I remember seeing the
bear brought home in triumph on the top of the load of wheat. Bears often
do great mischief by eating the Indian corn when it is ripening; for
besides what they devour, they spoil a vast deal by trampling the plants
down with their clumsy feet. They will, when hard pressed by hunger, come
close to the farmer's house and rob the pig-sty of its tenants. Many years
ago, before the forest was cleared away in the neighbourhood of what is now
a large town, but in those days consisted of only a few poor log-houses, a
settler was much annoyed by the frequent visits of a bear to his hog-pen.
At last he resolved to get a neighbour who was a very expert hunter to come
with his rifle and watch with him. The pen where the fatling hogs were was
close to the log-house; it had a long low shingled roof, and was carefully
fastened up, so that no bear could find entrance. Well, the farmer's son
and the hunter had watched for two nights, and no bear came; on the third
they were both tired, and lay down to sleep upon the floor of the kitchen,
when the farmer's son was awakened by a sound as of some one tearing and
stripping the shingles from the pen. He looked out; it was moonlight, and
there he saw the dark shadow of some tall figure on the ground, and spied
the great black bear standing on its hinder legs, and pulling the shingles
off as fast as it could lay its big black paws upon them. The hogs were in
a great fright, screaming and grunting with terror. The young man stepped
back into the house, roused up the hunter, who took aim from the doorway,
and shot the bear dead. The head of the huge beast was nailed up as a
trophy, and the meat was dried or salted for winter use, and great were the
rejoicings of the settlers who had suffered so much from Bruin's thefts of
corn and pork."
"I am glad the hunter killed him, nurse, for he might have eaten up some
of the little children, when they were playing about in the fields."
"Sometimes," continued Mrs. Frazer, "the bears used to visit the
sugar-bush, when the settlers were making maple sugar, and overturn the
sap-troughs, and drink the sweet liquid. I dare say they would have been
glad of a taste of the sugar too, if they could have got at it. The bear is
not so often met with now as it used to be many years ago. The fur of the
bear used to be worn as muffs and tippets, but, is now little used for that
purpose, being thought to be too coarse and heavy, but it is still made
into caps for soldiers, and worn as sleigh-robes."
This was all Mrs. Frazer chose to recollect about bears, for she was
unwilling to dwell long on any gloomy subject, which she knew was not good
for young minds, so she took her charge into the garden to look at the
flowerbeds, and watch the birds and butterflies; and soon the child was
gaily running from flower to flower, watching with childish interest the
insects flitting to and fro. At last she stopped, and holding up her finger
to warn Mrs. Frazer not to come too near, stood gazing in wonder and
admiration on a fluttering object that was hovering over the full-blown
honeysuckles on a trellis near the greenhouse. Mrs. Frazer approached her
with due caution.
"Nurse," whispered the child, "look at that curious moth with a long bill
like a bird; see its beautiful shining colours. It has a red necklace,
like mamma's rubies. Oh, what a curious creature! It must be a moth or a
butterfly. What is it?"
"It is neither a moth nor a butterfly, my dear. It is a humming-bird."
"Oh, nurse, a humming-bird--a real humming-bird--pretty creature! but it
is gone. Oh, nurse, it darts through the air as swift as an arrow. What
was it doing? Looking at the honeysuckles,--I dare say it thought them
very pretty; or was it smelling them? They are very sweet."
"My dear child, it might be doing so; I don't know. Perhaps the good God
has given to these creatures the same senses for enjoying sweet scents and
bright colours, as we have; yet it was not for the perfume, but the honey,
that this little bird came to visit the open flowers. The long slender
bill which the humming-bird inserts into the tubes of the flowers, is his
instrument for extracting the honey. Look at the pretty creature's ruby
throat, and green and gold feathers."
"How does it make that whirring noise, nurse, just like the humming of a
top?" asked the child.
"The little bird produces the sound from which he derives his name, by
beating the air with his wings. This rapid motion is necessary to sustain
its position in the air while sucking the flowers.
"I remember, Lady Mary, first seeing humming-birds when I was about your
age, while walking in the garden. It was a bright September morning, and
the rail-fences and every dry twig of the brushwood were filled with the
webs of the field-spider. Some, like thick white muslin, lay upon the
grass; while others were suspended from trees like forest lace-work, on
the threads of which the dewdrops hung like strings of shining pearls; and
hovering round the flowers were several ruby-throated humming-birds, the
whirring of whose wings as they beat the air sounded like the humming of a
spinning-wheel; and I thought as I gazed upon them, and the beautiful lace
webs that hung among the bushes, that they must have been the work of
these curious creatures, who had made them to catch flies, and had strung
the bright dewdrops thereon to entice them, so little did I know of the
nature of these birds; but my father told me a great deal about them, and
read me some very pretty things about humming-birds; and one day, Lady
Mary, I will show you a stuffed one a friend gave me, with its tiny nest
and eggs not bigger than peas."
Lady Mary was much delighted at the idea of seeing the little nest and
eggs, and Mrs. Frazer said, "There is a wild flower [Footnote: _Noli me
tangere_, Canadian Balsam.] that is known to the Canadians by the name
of the Humming-flower, on account of the fondness which those birds evince
for it. This plant grows on the moist banks of creeks. It is very
beautiful, of a bright orange-scarlet colour. The stalks and stem of the
plant are almost transparent; some call it Speckled Jewels, for the bright
blossoms are spotted with dark purple, and some, Touch-me-not."
"That is a droll name, nurse," said Lady Mary. "Does it prick one's
finger like a thistle?"
"No, my lady; but when the seed-pods are nearly ripe, if you touch them,
they spring open and curl into little rings, and the seed drops out."
"Nurse, when you see any of these curious flowers, will you show them to
me?"
Mrs. Frazer said they would soon be in bloom, and promised Lady Mary to
bring her some, and to show her the singular manner in which the pods
burst. "But, my lady," said she, "the gardener will show you the same
thing in the greenhouse. As soon as the seed-pods of the balsams in the
pots begin to harden they will spring and curl, if touched, and drop the
seeds like the wild plant, for they belong to the same family. But it is
time for your ladyship to go in."
When Lady Mary returned to the schoolroom, her governess read to her some
interesting accounts of the habits of the humming-bird.
"'This lively little feathered gem--for in its hues it unites the
brightness of the emerald, the richness of the ruby, and the lustre of the
topaz--includes in its wide range more than one hundred species. It is the
smallest, and at the same time the most brilliant, of all the American
birds. Its head-quarters may be said to be among the glowing flowers and
luxurious fruits of the torrid zone and the tropics. But one species, the
ruby-throated, is widely diffused, and is a summer visitor all over North
America, even within the Arctic Circle, where, for a brief space of time,
it revels in the ardent heat of the short-lived summer of the North. Like
the cuckoo, she follows the summer wherever she flies.
"'The ruby-throated humming-bird [Footnote: _Trochilus rubus_.] is
the only species that is known in Canada. With us it builds and breeds,
and then returns to summer skies and warmer airs. The length of the
humming-bird is only three inches and a half, and four and a quarter in
extent, from one tip of the wing to the other. When on the wing, the bird
has the form of a cross, the wings forming no curve, though the tail is
depressed during the time that it is poised in the act of sucking the
honey of the flower. The tongue is long and slender; the bill long and
straight; the legs are very short, so that the feet are hardly visible
when on the wing. They are seldom seen walking, but rest on the slender
sprigs when tired. The flight is so rapid that it seems without effort.
The humming sound is produced by the wing, in the act of keeping itself
balanced while feeding in this position. They resemble the hawk-moth,
which also keeps up a constant vibratory motion with its wings. This
little creature is of a temper as fierce and fiery as its plumes, often
attacking birds of treble its size; but it seems very little disturbed by
the near approach of the Truman species, often entering open windows, and
hovering around the flowers in the flower-stand; it has even been known to
approach the vase on the table, and insert its bill among the flowers,
quite fearless of those persons who sat in the room. Sometimes these
beautiful creatures have suffered themselves to be captured by the hand.
"'The nest of the ruby-throated hummingbird is usually built on a mossy
branch. At first sight, it looks like a tuft of grey lichens; but when
closely examined, shows both care and skill in its construction, the outer
wall being of fine bluish lichens cemented together, and the interior
lined with the silken threads of the milk-weed, the velvety down of the
tall mullein, or the brown hair-like filaments of the fern. These, or
similar soft materials, form the bed of the tiny young ones. The eggs are
white, two in number, and about the size of a pea, but oblong in shape.
The parents hatch their eggs in about ten days, and in a week the little
ones are able to fly, though the old birds continue to supply them with
honey for some time longer. The Mexican Indians give the name of Sunbeam
to the humming-bird, either in reference to its bright plumage or its love
of sunshine.
"'The young of the humming-bird does not attain its gay plumage till the
second year. The male displays the finest colours--the ruby necklace being
confined to the old male bird. The green and coppery lustre of the
feathers is also finer in the male bird.'"
Lady Mary was much pleased with what she had heard about the humming-bird,
and she liked the name of Sunbeam for this lovely creature.