SQUIRRELS--THE CHITMUNKS-DOCILITY OF A PET ONE--ROGUERY OF A YANKEE
PEDLAR--RETURN OF THE MUSICAL CHITMUNK TO HIS MASTER'S BOSOM--SAGACITY OF
A BLACK SQUIRREL.
"Mrs. Frazer, are you very busy just now?" asked Lady Mary, coming up to
the table where her nurse was ironing some lace.
"No, my dear, not very busy, only preparing these lace edgings for your
frocks. Do you want me to do anything for you?"
"I only want to tell you that my governess has promised to paint my dear
squirrel's picture, as soon as it is tame, and will let me hold it in my
lap, without flying away. I saw a picture of a flying squirrel to-day, but
it was very ugly--not at all like mine; it was long and flat, and its legs
looked like sticks, and it was stretched out, just like one of those
muskrat skins that you pointed out to me in a fur store. Mamma said it was
drawn so, to show it while it was in the act of flying; but it is not
pretty--it does not show its beautiful tail, nor its bright eyes, nor
soft silky fur. I heard a lady tell mamma about a nest full of dear, tiny
little flying squirrels; [Footnote: Tame flying squirrels may be purchased
at the Pantheon, in Oxford Street.] that her brother once found in a tree
in the forest; he tamed them, and they lived very happily together, and
would feed from his hand. They slept in the cold weather like dormice; in
the day-time they lay very still, but would come out, and gambol, and
frisk about at night. But somebody left the cage open, and they all ran
away except one, and that he found in his bed, where it had run for
shelter with its little nose under his pillow. He caught the little
fellow, and it lived with him till the spring, when it grew restless, and
one day got away, and went off to the woods."
"These little creatures are impatient of confinement, and will gnaw
through the woodwork of the cage to get free, especially in the spring of
the year. Doubtless, my dear, they pine for the liberty which they used to
enjoy before they were captured by man."
"Nurse, I will not let my little pet be unhappy. As soon as the warm days
come again, and my governess has taken his picture, I will let him go
free. Are there many squirrels in this part of Canada?"
"Not so many as in Upper Canada, Lady Mary. They abound more in some
years than in others. I have seen the beech and oak woods swarming with
black squirrels. My brothers have brought in two or three dozen in one
day. The Indians used to tell us that want of food, or very severe weather
setting in, in the north, drive these little animals from their haunts.
The Indians, who observe these things more than we do, can generally tell
what sort of winter it will be, from the number of wild animals in the
fall."
"What do you mean by the fall, nurse?"
"The autumn in Canada, my lady, is called so from the fall of the leaves.
I remember one year was remarkable for the great number of black, grey,
and flying squirrels; the little striped chitmunk was also plentiful, and
so were weasels and foxes. They came into the barns and granaries, and
into the houses, and destroyed great quantities of grain; besides gnawing
clothes that were laid out to dry; this they did to line their nests with.
Next year there were very few to be seen."
"What became of them, nurse?"
"Some, no doubt, fell a prey to their enemies, the cats, foxes, and
weasels, which were also very numerous that year; and the rest, perhaps,
went back to their own country again."
"I should like to see a great number of these pretty creatures travelling
together," said Lady Mary.
"All wild animals, my dear, are more active by night than by day, and
probably make their long journeys during that season. The eyes of many
animals and birds are so formed, that they see best in the dim twilight,
as cats, and owls, and others. Our heavenly Father has fitted all his.
creatures for the state in which he has placed them."
"Can squirrels swim like otters and beavers, nurse? If they come to a
lake or river, can they cross it?"
"I think they can, Lady Mary; for though these creatures are not formed
like the otter, or beaver, or muskrat, to get their living in the water,
they are able to swim when necessity requires them to do so. I heard a
lady say that she was crossing a lake, between one of the islands and the
shore, in a canoe, with a baby on her lap. She noticed a movement on the
surface of the water. At first she thought it might be a water snake, but
the servant lad who was paddling the canoe, said it was a red squirrel,
and he tried to strike it with the paddle; but the little squirrel leaped
out of the water to the blade of the paddle, and sprang on the head of the
baby, as it lay on her lap; from whence it jumped to her shoulder, and
before she had recovered from her surprise, was in the water again,
swimming straight for the shore, where it was soon safe in the dark pine
woods."
This feat of the squirrel delighted Lady Mary, who expressed her joy at
the bravery of the little creature. Besides, she said she had heard that
grey squirrels, when they wished to go to a distance in search of food,
would all meet together, and collect pieces of bark to serve them for
boats, and would set up their broad tails like sails, to catch the wind,
and in this way cross large sheets of water.
"I do not think this can be true," observed Mrs. Frazer; "for the
squirrel, when swimming, uses his tail as an oar or rudder to help the
motion, the tail lying flat on the surface of the water; nor do these
creatures need a boat, for God, who made them, has _given them_ the
power of swimming at their need."
"Nurse, you said something about a ground squirrel, and called it a
chitmunk. If you please, will you tell me something about it, and why it
is called by such a curious name?"
"I believe it is the Indian name for this sort of squirrel, my dear. The
chitmunk is not so large as the black, red, or grey squirrels. It is
marked along the back with black and white stripes; the rest of its fur is
a yellowish tawny colour. It is a very playful, lively, cleanly animal,
somewhat resembling the dormouse in its habits. It burrows under ground.
Its nest is made with great care, with many galleries which open at the
surface, so that when attacked by an enemy, it can run from one to another
for security."
[Footnote: The squirrel has many enemies; all the weasel tribe, cats, and
even dogs attack them. Cats kill great numbers of these little animals. The
farmer shows them as little mercy as he does rats and mice, as they are
very destructive, and carry off vast quantities of grain, which they store
in hollow trees for use. Not contenting themselves with one, granary, they
have several in case one should fail, or perhaps become injured by
accidental causes. Thus do these simple little creatures teach us a lesson
of providential care for future events.]
"How wise of these little chitmunks to think of that!" said Lady Mary.
"Nay, my dear child, it is God's wisdom, not theirs. These creatures work
according to his will; and so they always do what is fittest and best for
their own comfort and safety. Man is the only one of God's creatures who
disobeys Him."
These words made Lady Mary look grave, till her nurse began to talk to
her again about the chitmunk.
"It is very easily tamed, and becomes very fond of its master. It will
obey his voice, come at a call or a whistle, sit up and beg, take a nut or
an acorn out of his hand, run up a stick, nestle in his bosom, and become
quite familiar. My uncle had a tame chitmunk that was much attached to
him; it lived in his pocket or bosom; it was his companion by day and by
night. When he was out in the forest lumbering, or on the lake fishing, or
in the fields at work, it was always with him. At meals it sat by the side
of his plate, eating what he gave it; but he did not give it meat, as he
thought that might injure its health. One day he and his pet were in the
steam-boat, going to Toronto. He had been showing off the little
chitmunk's tricks to the ladies and gentlemen on board the boat, and
several persons offered him money if he would sell it; but my uncle was
fond of the little thing, and would not part with it. However, just before
he left the boat, he missed his pet; for a cunning Yankee pedlar on board
had stolen it. My uncle knew that his little friend would not desert its
old master; so he went on deck where the passengers were assembled, and
whistled a popular tune familiar to the chitmunk. The little fellow, on
hearing it, whisked out of the pedlar's pocket, and running swiftly along
a railing against which he was standing, soon sought refuge in his
master's bosom."
Lady Mary clapped her hands with joy, and said, "I am so glad, nurse,
that the chitmunk ran back to his old friend. I wish it had bitten that
Yankee pedlar's fingers."
"When angry, these creatures will bite very sharply, set up their tails,
and run to and fro, and make a chattering sound with their teeth. The red
squirrel is very fearless for its size, and will sometimes turn round and
face you, set up its tail, and scold. But they will, when busy eating the
seeds of the sunflower or thistle, of which they are very fond, suffer you
to stand and watch them without attempting to run away. When near their
granaries, or the tree where their nest is, they are unwilling to leave
it, running to and fro, and uttering their angry notes; but if a dog is
near, they make for a tree, and as soon as they are out of his reach, turn
round to chatter and scold, as long as he remains in sight. When hard
pressed, the black and flying squirrels will take prodigious leaps,
springing from bough to bough, and from tree to tree. In this manner they
baffle the hunters, and travel a great distance over the tops of the
trees. Once I saw my uncle and brothers chasing a large black squirrel. He
kept out of reach of the dogs, as well as out of sight of the men, by
passing round and round the tree as he went up, so that they could never
get a fair shot at him. At last, they got so provoked that they took their
axes, and set to work to chop down the tree. It was a large pine-tree, and
took them some time. Just as the tree was ready to fall, and was wavering
to and fro, the squirrel, who had kept on the topmost bough, sprang nimbly
to the next tree, and then to another, and by the time the great pine had
reached the ground, the squirrel was far away in his nest among his little
ones, safe from hunters, guns, and dogs."
"The black squirrel must have wondered, I think, nurse, why so many men
and dogs tried to kill such a little creature as he was. Do the black
squirrels sleep in the winter as well as the flying squirrels and
chitmunks?"
"No, Lady Mary; I have often seen them on bright days chasing each other
over logs and brush heaps, and running gaily up the pine-trees. They are
easily seen from the contrast which their jetty black coats make with the
sparkling white snow. These creatures feed a good deal on the kernels of
the pines and hemlocks; they also eat the buds of some trees. They lay up
great stores of nuts and grain for winter use. The flying squirrels sleep
much, and in the cold season lie heaped upon each other, for the sake of
warmth. As many as seven or eight may be found in one nest asleep. They
sometimes awaken, if there come a succession of warm days, as in the
January thaw; for I must tell you that in this country we generally have
rain and mild weather for a few days in the beginning of January, when the
snow nearly disappears from the ground. About the 12th, [Footnote: This
remark applies more particularly to the Upper Province.] the weather sets
in again steadily cold; when the little animals retire once more to sleep
in their winter cradles, which they rarely leave till the hard weather is
over."
"I suppose, nurse, when they awake, they are glad to eat some of the food
they hare laid up in their granaries?"
"Yes, my dear, it is for this they gather their hoards in mild weather;
which also supports them in the spring months, and possibly even during
the summer, till grain and fruit are ripe. I was walking in the harvest
field one day, where my brothers were cradling wheat. As I passed along
the fence, I noticed a great many little heaps of wheat lying here and
there on the rails, also upon the tops of the stumps in the field. I
wondered at first who could have placed them there, but presently noticed
a number of red squirrels running very swiftly along the fence, and
perceived that they emptied their mouths of a quantity of the new wheat,
which they had been diligently employed in collecting from the ears that
lay scattered over the ground. These little gleaners did not seem to be at
all alarmed at my presence, but went to and fro as busy as bees. On taking
some of the grains into my hand, I noticed that the germ or eye of the
kernels was bitten clean out."
"What was that for, nurse? can you tell me?"
"My dear young lady, I did not know at first, till, upon showing it to my
father, he told me that the squirrels destroyed the germ of the grain,
such as wheat or Indian corn, that they stored up for winter use, that it
might not sprout when buried in the ground or in a hollow tree."
"This is very strange, nurse," said the little girl. "But I suppose,"
she added, after a moment's thought, "it was God who taught the squirrels
to do so. But why would biting out the eye prevent the grain from growing?"
"Because the eye or bud contains the life of the plant; from it springs
the green blade, and the stem that bears the ear, and the root that
strikes down to the earth. The flowery part, which swells and becomes soft
and jelly-like, serves to nourish the young plant till the tender fibres
of the roots are able to draw moisture from the ground."
Lady Mary asked if all seeds had an eye or germ.
Her nurse replied that all had, though some were so minute that they
looked no bigger than dust, or a grain of sand; yet each was perfect in
its kind, and contained the plant that would, when sown in the earth,
bring forth roots, leaves, buds, flowers, and fruits in due season.
"How glad I should have been to see the little squirrels gleaning the
wheat, and laying it in the little heaps on the rail fence. Why did they
not carry it at once to their nests?"
"They laid it out in the sun and wind to dry; for if it had been stored
away while damp, it would have moulded, and have been spoiled. The
squirrels were busy all that day; when I went to see them again, the grain
was gone. I saw several red squirrels running up and down a large
pine-tree, which had been broken by the wind at the top; and there, no
doubt, they had laid up stores. These squirrels did not follow each other
in a straight line, but ran round and round in a spiral direction, so that
they never hindered each other, nor came in each other's way: two were
always going up, while the other two were going down. They seem to work in
families; for the young ones, though old enough to get their own living,
usually inhabit the same nest, and help to store up the grain for winter
use. They all separate again in spring. The little chitmunk does not live
in trees, but burrows in the ground, or makes its nest in some large hollow
log. It is very pretty to see the little chitmunks, on a warm spring day,
running about and chasing each other among the moss and leaves; they are
not bigger than mice, but look bright and lively. The fur of all the
squirrel tribe is used in trimming, but the grey is the best and most
valuable. It has often been remarked by the Indians, and others, that the
red and black squirrels never live in the same place; for the red, though
the smallest, beat away the black ones. The flesh of the black squirrel is
very good to eat; the Indians also eat the red."
Lady Mary was very glad to hear all these things, and quite forgot to
play with her doll. "Please, Mrs. Frazer," said the little lady, "tell me
now about beavers and muskrats." But Mrs. Frazer was obliged to go out on
business; she promised, however, to tell Lady Mary all she knew about
these animals another day.