Appearing upon the charter-roll of the F_The "City Guard": A History of Company "B" First Regiment Infantry, N. G. C. During the Sacramento Campaign, July 3 to 26, 1894 Including a Brief History of the Company Since Its Organization March 31, 1854, to July 3, 1894

date of organization, namely, July 27, 1849, will be found the name of

J. Russel Gerry, M. D., company surgeon. Upon looking further along the

roll we find the names of John A. Clark and George F. Watson, first

and second lieutenants, respectively, of the company, both having

joined on May 21, 1852. Second Sergt. R. M. Stephenson and Corporal

John W. Conner also joined at the same time with the lieutenants. Third

Sergt. E. W. Crowell, together with R. S. La Motte, H. D. La Motte,

and Charles S. Simpson, date from July 13, 1852; and Thomas B. Parker

from October 5th same year. Fourth Sergt. H. F. Wadsworth and Joseph

Henriques joined in 1852, but the exact dates cannot be given at this

writing. H. D. La Motte and E. G. Hilton, two of the three now living,

who were among the organizers of the “City Guard,” furnish evidence

between them to show that the following named gentlemen were also among

those who belonged to the California Guard just prior to March 31,

1854--the great day--but are unable to give the dates of their first

joining same: Asa L. Loring, Charles Le Gay, John Ames, John McQuade,

E. G. Hilton (who speaks for himself), John C. Briggs, P. R. Moore,

Samuel C. Loring, E. R Dimmock, and J. H. Pierce.

The records of the California Guard are very incomplete for the

early years, particularly so for 1853, that year only showing two

enlistments. This is the reason why the writer is unable to furnish the

dates above left vacant.

The First California Guard was originally organized as a train of

artillery, and exercised in the standing gun drill, besides drilling

with muskets. Early in 1854, however, they changed into a horse

battery, receiving from the state two six-pound brass guns with

carriages and all appliances.

This change did not meet with favor from all the members of the

battery, some particularly desiring to retain the old form of

organization, as they did not care for the mounted work; nor did they

relish the manner in which their captain, Woodworth, conducted the

drills and affairs of the battery, he being absent therefrom, and very

inattentive to the duties required of a company commander.

These members, therefore, turned their attention to the accomplishment

of a new organization in accordance with their desires, the proceedings

being entirely harmonious between all parties concerned.

With this object in view, they held a preliminary meeting pursuant to

the following notice:

“You are requested to attend a meeting of the second company

California Guard at the armory this evening, at 7 o’clock. Dated

Monday, March 13, 1854.”

At this meeting, or at one held perhaps a few days later, the name of

the new organization must have been agreed upon, for in the columns

of the _Daily Alta California_ under date of March 21, 1854, the

following notice and order appears:

“By virtue of the authority in me vested, I hereby appoint R. S. La

Motte to superintend the election for officers of the ‘San Francisco

City Guard’ as required by law. Dated, San Francisco, March 21, 1854.

“J. H. CREIGH, County Judge.

“In accordance with the above, an election for officers of the ‘San

Francisco City Guard’ will be held at Armory Hall, on Friday evening,

March 31, 1854, at 7:30 o’clock.

“R. S. LA MOTTE.”

Pursuant to the above order, the twenty-two gentlemen previously

mentioned in this chapter met, and duly accomplished the organization

of the “San Francisco City Guard,” electing the following officers

and noncommissioned officers for the term of one year: Captain, John

A. Clark; 1st Lieutenant, George F. Watson; 2nd Lieutenant, R. McLean

Stephenson; Jr. 2nd Lieutenant, R. S. La Motte; Orderly Sergeant,

Thomas B. Parker; and Sergeants, in order of rank, E. W. Crowell, James

C. Briggs, who was also treasurer, John W. Conner; Q. M. Sergeant, H.

Frank Wadsworth; the corporals, in order of rank, were, Asa L. Loring,

P. R. Moore, Samuel C. Loring, and Charles Le Gay; Surgeon, J. Russel

Gerry, M. D.; Secretary, John Ames.

Of these charter members there are now living, H. D. La Motte, Lake

county, California; E. G. Hilton, New York; Charles Le Gay, Paris,

France. Doubtful, H. Frank Wadsworth and R. McLean Stephenson.

By-laws for this new company were adopted, and the drill night set for

Friday of each week.

Captain Clark spent a great deal of time and money in perfecting the

organization of his command. His donations were used principally in

purchasing the first uniform, which consisted of a close-fitting jacket

of a very light fawn color, all trimmings and pipings being of red; the

men wore any dark colored trousers. The uniform cap was a high affair

of blue material, trimmed with red. This is the only uniform worn by

the company for perhaps six or seven months, when a full dress was

adopted.

The company, being organized as artillery, drilled as such with a large

wooden bronzed model to represent a heavy gun. The drill, however, was

mostly as infantry, and all parades were made with the musket.

Upon a proper requisition from the captain upon the state authorities,

the quartermaster and adjutant general, the corps received the

following arms and accoutrements: 60 percussion muskets; 60 ammunition

and cap boxes, belts, and plates; 60 waist belts and plates; 60 musket

appendages; 60 artillery sabers, belts, and plates; the company

furnishing its own uniforms.

The organization thus becoming complete, the “San Francisco City Guard”

sailed bravely forth to buffet and battle with the vast unknown.

“Like a stately ship,

With all her bravery on, and tackle trim,

Sails filled and streamers waving.”

The original company commander is described as being neither light nor

very dark complexioned, but with black hair, 5 feet 6 inches in height,

weighing in the neighborhood of 115 to 120 pounds--a small man. He was

full of life, however, quick-witted, and a noble-hearted fellow. His

father, Aran Clark, was at one time mayor of New York city. Coming to

California, Capt. Clark was for a long time deputy county recorder of

San Francisco. He died on November 22, 1877, at the age of 53 years,

while in the employ of the treasurer’s department at Washington.

Armory Hall, the first home of the “San Francisco City Guard,” was

situated on the northeast corner of Sacramento and Montgomery streets,

in Sam Brannan’s new building, having a frontage of 60 feet on both

thoroughfares. Four other companies also occupied this building, each

having separate company rooms in the third story, with the use of the

drill hall on the fourth for its allotted evening of the week.

Nothing that was particularly startling occurred during the balance of

this, to the “City Guard,” the most eventful year of 1854, nor during

the next for that matter, to mar the calm serenity of ordinary military

life. Drills, parades, outings, banquets, and social events vied with

each other to fill the interim; all of which served to interest, not

only the members themselves, but others as well, in the welfare of this

organization. Many prominent men joined the ranks of the “City Guard,”

and the high standing thus early attained served to place the company

on a firm and permanent basis, assuring to it a long, prosperous, and

most honorable existence.

To chronicle all the different incidents and happenings of this early

period, and those too of more recent dates, would be out of the

question at this present writing; prominent among them, however, we

find the following interesting items:

It was on the afternoon of the 3d of July, 1854, that the “San

Francisco City Guard” journeyed by water to the town of Martinez for

its initial excursion and outing, and, after celebrating the Fourth by

a parade, drill, and prize shoot, the corps returned homeward, being

received and escorted to the armory by the California Guard.

The 17th day of August following, found the company on the Oakland side

of the bay for the regular target practice and medal shoot. It was

upon this occasion that the company commander presented the now famous

“Clark Medal” to the corps, the conditions being that it remain a

permanent annual prize in the company. This medal is still the valued

property of the “City Guard,” and is placed in competition as provided

for in the original deed of gift. On one side of the large quartz medal

is inscribed: “‘City Guard,’organized March 31, 1854,” and on the

reverse side we have “Company medal, presented by Capt. John A. Clark,

August, 1854.”

It may be of general interest to the active guardsman of the present

day to learn that on April 25, 1855, the legislature of California duly

enrolled upon the statute books the law exempting active militiamen

from jury duty.

Armory Hall remained the home of the “City Guard” until the 1st of

June, 1855, when, during the following fifteen or sixteen months, the

company occupied three different armories, namely: No. 95 Battery

street, corner of Clay; northeast corner of Kearny and Clay, this being

the place where the reorganization took place as the “I.C.G.”; thence

to an armory, for a very short time, on the northeast corner of Halleck

and Sansome streets, over the American Theatre.

[Illustration: CAPTAIN JOHN A. CLARK.]

CHAPTER II.

“INDEPENDENT CITY GUARD.”

The political corruptions, ballot-box stuffing, and the great number

of homicides committed with impunity, were the causes leading up to

the Vigilance Committee of 1856. These criminals depended upon their

fellows, some of the worst then being themselves officials, to shield

them from prosecution and to again set them free. The opinion steadily

gained ground with the better element of society that it would be

utterly impossible to correct these evils by due process of law; still

none would make a move toward taking matters into their own hands, and

the worse element thus held full sway.

It was while popular feeling was thus strained to a high tension

that the _Evening Bulletin_ made its appearance, with James King, of

William, as editor. King devoted his energies in denouncing the crimes

and all criminals who had given most offense to the community.

The crisis finally came when this fearless editor, on May 14, 1856,

published in his journal the fact that James P. Casey, who had but

lately stuffed the ballot-box with his own name while inspector of

election, and had declared himself elected supervisor of the Twelfth

Ward, was a graduate of the New York state prison at Sing Sing, which

statement was true. Casey thereupon, within two hours, mortally wounded

King. The news of this fresh homicide spread like wildfire, and Casey’s

friends hurried him to jail, deeming it the safest place.

An immense congregation of excited citizens assembled on the Plaza,

closing upon and threatening to storm the jail in order to execute dire

vengeance upon the murderer. This crowd grew to wonderful proportions.

In the mean time the authorities were not idle; the military were

called upon to preserve order, and, in obedience to its sworn duty,

the “City Guard,” within an hour thereafter, left the armory (corner

Kearny and Clay) for the scene of trouble. Although the company had

but a short distance to go, it was a march to be long remembered, for

upon appearing on the street, the members met with a warm reception.

The crowd jeered, they stormed, they threatened, they threw all sorts

of missiles (no one was seriously injured however), did every thing

possible to impede their progress toward the jail, but with no avail.

These soldiers, putting all their personal feelings aside, were doing

but their duty, and they did that duty well.

Lieutenant Watson, who was in command during the absence of Captain

Clark in the East, had the muskets loaded with ball, and it became

necessary, not only to use the bayonet occasionally, but two or

three times was the command “aim” given, and the men silently and

with determination waited for the word “fire,” so were their tempers

worked upon by this time: it was a hot crowd. Fortunately for some

one, however, the mob gave way under this pressure, and the “Guard”

finally entered the jail, taking position best adapted for its proper

protection. Here the company remained all night and until 10:30 o’clock

the next day, when the excitement becoming somewhat abated, they

returned to the armory and were dismissed, with orders to report again

immediately upon hearing the alarm sounded.

This summons never came. But, on the other hand, notwithstanding the

prompt response and constant readiness of the boys to perform their

duty, Lieutenant Colonel West and Sheriff D. Scannell mistrusted them,

and quietly removed the arms and accoutrements from the armory that

day, thus leaving the organization without the means of effective

service. This high-handed proceeding upon their part was resented by

the “City Guard,” as will be shown by the following proceedings of a

meeting held at the armory at 2 o’clock P. M. of the following day, the

16th (it being duly advertised in the papers of that time), to take

into consideration the removal of arras and accoutrements from their

armory on the 15th instant:

“Lieutenant Watson in the chair.

“Lieutenant Colonel West appeared to explain his action in relation to

the removal of said arms and accoutrements, stating that said arms

were removed by order of Major General Sherman,[7] and that he held

himself personally responsible therefor.

[7] Commanding Second Division, C. S. M.

“After which the following resolutions were unanimously adopted:

“_Resolved_, that in the opinion of this corps we have been unjustly

and improperly deprived of our arms without the consent or knowledge of

our commandant.

“_Resolved, therefore_, that a committee be appointed to wait on

Colonel J. R. West and request the return of the arms, and, in the

event of said request not being complied with, the ‘City Guard’ do

immediately disband.

“Meeting adjourned to 7:30 o’clock P. M.

“Pursuant to adjournment, the corps assembled at the armory, when the

following preamble and resolutions were unanimously adopted upon the

call of the roll:

“WHEREAS, the request for the return of our arms and accoutrements has

been refused, we find ourselves wholly unable to equip our members, and

deprived of the power to respond, as ever heretofore, to the call of

duty that may be made upon us, therefore,

“_Resolved_, That the ‘City Guard’ do hereby disband.

“_Resolved_, That the events of the past few days prove that we have

ever held ourselves ready for the prompt discharge of a soldier’s duty.”

These resolutions were signed by the sixty-one members.

On Tuesday evening, May 27, 1856, the members again met and organized

the “Independent City Guard,” and elected the following officers and

non coms.: Captain, John A. Clark; First Lieutenant, George F. Watson;

Second Lieutenant, Asa L. Loring; Bvt. Second Lieutenant, Peter Van

Pelt; Orderly Sergeant, E. M. Crowell; Sergeants, Wm. H. Watson, H. Van

Pelt, Nathaniel M. Ford; Corporals, H. H. Thrall, Luke Wilder, John

Ames, and Chas. E. Rand; Quartermaster Sergeant, Ephram B. Clement;

Treasurer, W. H. Watson; Secretary, John Ames. By-laws were adopted on

June 25th following.

Through the generosity of the citizens who fully indorsed the action

of the company, the “Independent City Guard” was fully equipped with

a full set of arms and accoutrements similar to those taken away.

The donations thus furnished for the equipment amounted close on to

$2,000. The corps retained, of course, the uniforms previously adopted,

they being the personal property of its members.

Immediately following the shooting of King, and of the events above

described, many prominent business men and citizens determined upon

decisive action, and, without further delay, the Vigilance Committee

was formed, many companies armed and equipped. Within a comparatively

short time three thousand men were enrolled into the companies and

regiments thus raised. Although the “Independent City Guard” took no

part as an organization, the members individually did, and they played

a very prominent part in this array. Chas. Doane, afterwards captain

of the company, was Grand Marshal over all the troops, Watson and many

others being officers therein, while the balance went into the ranks.

On Tuesday, May 21st, Casey, together with Cora, who had killed United

States Marshal Richardson, were taken from jail, there being no

resistance, and hurried to the headquarters of the committee. There

they were tried, convicted, and both hanged on the 22d, the day that

King was buried.

The Law and Order Party were also well organized, and many conflicts

were narrowly averted. The committee’s troops, however, succeeded in

disarming the others, making them practically powerless.

Both the California Guard and the National Guard followed the example

of the “City Guard,” and formed independent organizations.

It may be well to here add that, in all, four persons were executed,

and a great many others were banished. On August 18th following,

all these troops, 5,137 in number, after a grand review and parade,

were mustered out, the object of the Vigilance Committee having been

accomplished.

The three years following this important epoch in the history of the

company were uneventful as to military requirements. The company

drilled regularly, besides parading on both stated and public occasions.

During the month of July, 1856, or perhaps a little earlier, the “I.

C. G.” moved from the armory then occupied to one at 112 Sacramento

street, between Montgomery and Sansome, where they remained until the

first month of 1860.

Captain Clark resigned on April 15, 1857, and 1st Lieutenant George F.

Watson was advanced to the captaincy on May 14th following, with Asa

L. Loring as 1st Lieutenant; Nat M. Ford 2nd Lieutenant; Benjamin H.

Freeman being Junior 2nd Lieutenant, and William C. Little Brevet 2nd

Lieutenant.

The company’s fancy uniform, modeled after the uniform of the City

Guard of New York, was adopted during either April or May of 1858,

nearly all having been made in the East; the first parade with them

took place on July 4th of the same year. The cost to each individual

member, including the high bearskin shako, was one hundred dollars.

May, 1858, found Lieutenant Freeman in command of the company, Watson,

Loring, and Ford having previously resigned. On June 6th following,

Charles Doane was elected captain, and John W. McKenzie 1st Lieutenant,

Freeman and and Little 2nd and Junior 2nd Lieutenants respectively. H.

H. Thrall being advanced to Brevet 2nd Lieutenant.

Here ends the career of the company as the “Independent City Guard,”

for on March 11th, 1859, the organization was again admitted into the

service of the state as the “City Guard,” being attached to the 2nd

Brigade, 2nd Div., C. S. M. Witness the following order:

“WHEREAS, certain petitioners, citizens of the county of San

Francisco, have presented to me, the undersigned, county judge of the

county aforesaid, a memorial praying that they, the said citizens,

being eligible to military duty, may be duly enrolled as a volunteer

corps, attached to the Second Brigade, Second Division C. S. M., under

the name of ‘City Guard,’

“_Now, therefore_, in pursuance of authority vested in me, I do

hereby nominate and appoint Captain Thomas D. Johns to superintend an

election to be held by the subscribers aforesaid, on the 11th day of

March, 1859, at No. 112 Sacramento street, for commissioned officers,

in manner prescribed by law, between the hours of 7 and 10 P. M.

“Witness the Honorable M. C. Blake, county judge of the county of San

Francisco, this first day of March, one thousand eight hundred and

fifty-nine.”

[SIGNED] “M. C. BLAKE, County Judge.

“Attest: WM. DUN, Clerk.

“By D. P. BELKNAP, Deputy.”

In compliance with the above, the company met and duly organized the

“City Guard,” electing the same officers as on June 6, 1858, with

the exception that the position of brevet second lieutenant was left

vacant.

CHAPTER III.

“CITY GUARD” FROM 1860 TO 1870.

January 1, 1860, found the “City Guard” just located in their new

armory, in an iron building, situated on the north side of California

street, a few doors above Montgomery street, over Wells, Fargo & Co’s

Express. The Union Club occupied the corner over the bank. Many of the

“City Guard” members belonged to this club, and both headquarters were

connected by a doorway. Here the corps remained until November 20,

1865--nearly six years.

The re-election of Doane, McKenzie, Freeman, and Little occurred on

April 14th following, John Hill being raised to the dignity of brevet

second lieutenant.

Following close upon this election of officers, the First Battalion was

organized, which consisted of all three arms of the service, namely,

infantry, artillery, and cavalry. This organization was completed on

June 15, 1860, the companies comprising same being the “City Guard,”

“California Guard,” “Black Hussars,” “Light Guard,” “Fusileers,” and

“French Guard.” All of the members comprising these six companies

participated in the election for field officers, which was by ballot,

there being over two hundred votes cast. Captain Doane was duly elected

lieutenant colonel, commanding the battalion, and First Lieutenant

McKenzie was raised to the rank of major. The result of this election

gives to the “City Guard” the honor of furnishing the only two field

officers of an organization which afterwards became the nucleus for our

present First Regiment; the “National Guard” and “California Rifles”

being added later, in order to make the eight-company regiment.

In consequence of the above, another company election was necessarily

held for officers to fill vacancies. John A. Clark was again made

captain, _vice_ Doane; Asa L. Loring, first lieutenant, _vice_

McKenzie; Little and Freeman retaining their former positions, while

George J. Griffing was advanced to brevet second lieutenant, _vice_

Hill resigned.

We now come upon the eve of the War of the Rebellion. Fort Sumter

had been fired upon, and opportunities became numerous for able

generals, and brave men to show their mettle and loyalty to preserve

our glorious Union. In California, although far removed from the

seat of conflict, everyone took a lively interest in the progress of

hostilities. This state furnished many thousands of volunteers for the

strife, the proportion being very large for the then population; in

fact, California furnished many soldiers who were accredited to other

states, as history will plainly show. The “City Guard” furnished a

long list of fighters, among whom were the following: J. M. McNulty,

M. D., brigadier surgeon, California Volunteers; John Hill, lieutenant

with Colonel Baker, California Volunteers; J. P. Hackett, captain

Sixth Infantry, California Volunteers; Nat M. Ford quartermaster’s

department; Asa L. Loring; Robert S. La Motte, captain Thirteenth New

York, afterwards lieutenant-colonel United States Army; H. B. Mellon,

now retired, major United States army; William Bryan, Seventh New York;

George F. Watson, captain 180th New York Volunteers; W. C. Allen,

captain 101st New York Volunteers; Joseph Hilton, captain Twelfth New

York Volunteers; Joseph Henriques, captain Fourth New York Volunteers;

William Barstow, assistant adjutant general, General Dix’s staff; E.

G. Hilton, quartermaster’s department, and L. Parks, with California

Hundred. There are others, but the writer is unable at the present

time to name them. Many of these gentlemen rose to higher rank in the

service during the progress of the war.

The vast majority of people on this coast elected to maintain these

United States one and inseparable, still there were those who warmly

supported the secession, and conditions threatened at times to

become more serious in California than would have been agreeable to

peace-loving people. This would be particularly the case when any news

came of the defeat of the northern arms.

The provost marshal, who was on duty at all times, made many arrests of

those who were too outspoken, and the militia were constantly on the

alert, although they were but occasionally under arms. Armories had to

be guarded, however, and the “City Guard” did full well its share of

duty.

Throughout the period covered by this chapter the members of the “City

Guard” continued with their regular routine duties as required, with

occasional battalion drills and military ceremonies, parades and escort

duties, the latter being quite numerous. This company had no difficulty

whatever in keeping its ranks full of enthusiastic members, who made

the corps a truly crack organization.

The writer can give no better evidence or proof of the condition of the

“City Guard” than that offered in the adjutant general’s report for the

year 1861. In this report, speaking of the company, he says:

“This is one of the oldest and best drilled companies of the state, is

well officered and equipped, and composed of men who take much pride

in the military art--numbering eighty-eight men. Has had upon its roll

this year one hundred and forty-three members; has furnished from its

ranks during this year one brigadier general,[8] one surgeon, and one

captain of volunteers in the United States service, and three general

staff officers. Much praise is due the members of this company for the

military enterprise at all times displayed, and authorities of the

state can rely upon its efficiency for active service.”

[8] Lieutenant Colonel Charles Doane promoted brigadier general, 2nd

Brigade, 2nd Division, C. S. M.

The “First Regiment of Infantry, California Militia,” was organized on

May 28, 1861, with the previously named companies composing same. John

S. Ellis was elected colonel, J. W. McKenzie as lieutenant colonel and

Robert Pollock major. The companies taking the letters in accordance

with the dates of their original organization, as follows: “California

Guard, Company A,” “City Guard, Company B,” “National Guard, Company

C,” “Black Hussars, Company D,” “California Fusileers, Company E,”

“Light Guard, Company F,” “French Guard, Company G,” and “California

Rifles, Company H.” Many changes have since taken place in the

regimental organization, and now, July, 1894, of the original companies

there remain but three, namely, “City Guard, Company B,” “National

Guard, Company C,” and “Light Guard, Company F.”

At the annual election for officers of the company in 1861 the same

ones were continued in office, with the exception that the position of

brevet second lieutenant was left vacant, _vice_ Griffing.

Up to June 28, 1861, the “City Guard” drilled with, and used for the

purposes of the state, the same arms and accoutrements so kindly

furnished them by the citizens in 1856; at this time, however, the

state authorities issued the following to the company, all being of

the same pattern as previously owned by the corps: sixty muskets,

gun-slings, bayonets, and scabbards; sixty cartridge-boxes, belts and

plates; sixty waist-belts and plates, with the same number of cap

pouches; four sergeant’s swords and scabbards, belts and plates.

The several companies of the regiment wore different style uniforms,

representing, as has been said, all colors of the rainbow. The board of

officers determined upon adopting one for the entire regiment, one that

would be serviceable in case they were called upon for active duty.

They therefore addressed themselves to the citizens of San Francisco,

who soon came forward with the requisite amount to purchase same, and

along toward the middle of the year 1861 the regiment was finally

fitted out with a gray regimental uniform, the cost of which was twelve

dollars.

All the troops in the Second Brigade, Second Division, C. S. M.,

during the month of November, 1861, were required to take the oath of

allegiance before Judge Blake, in substance as follows: “To support

the constitution of the United States and of the state of California,

solemnly agreeing to defend both against all enemies, both foreign and

domestic.” The “City Guard” came forward with a larger membership than

any of the other companies.

The company was well received by the best society in the city of San

Francisco. This fact is abundantly evident from the many events that

transpired during its early history. It will be impossible, however,

to detail all the interesting social festivities of these days, but in

order that the writer’s assertions may carry conviction with it, the

following historical fact is recited: A military and civic subscription

ball was given at Platt’s Hall, on the evening of Friday, December

27, 1861, complimentary to the officers of the Russian steam corvette

_Calevala_, by the citizens of San Francisco, as a token of the public

appreciation of the friendly spirit manifested by the Emperor of all

the Russias toward our federal government. All arrangements for this

ball were confided to the members of the “City Guard” by a committee

of the most prominent people. Lieutenant Wm. C. Little was floor

manager, assisted by four noncommissioned officers of the company.

Captain Clark, chairman of the reception committee, was assisted by all

the other members of the company, every one being in the full fancy

uniform of the corps. The “press,” in describing the affair, spoke thus

of the “City Guard”: “One of the most spirited and efficient of our

local uniform militia companies, whose proverbial good taste was fully

sustained in the admirable manner in which the ball was conducted.”

In May, 1862, Little was advanced to Second Lieutenant, _vice_ Freeman,

Fred W. Macondry, Jr., was made junior second lieutenant, _vice_ Little

promoted. The result of the election for officers of the company with

rank, from August 8th, following was: Captain, Wm. C. Little, _vice_

Clark, promoted lieutenant colonel First Regiment; Fred W. Macondry,

Jr., first lieutenant, _vice_ Loring; R. M. Noyes, second lieutenant,

_vice_ Little promoted; John Hoyt as junior second lieutenant, _vice_

Macondry promoted. This quartet of officers remained thus until

September 4, 1865.

The first camp of the state militia was held in May, 1863, in pursuance

to orders from general headquarters. This camp was named “Stanford”

after the commander in chief, and the expense was borne by the state.

The legislature of California opened its heart to help the

militia financially, on April 25, 1863, the first time on record.

Appropriations were made for its maintenance, three hundred dollars

per year for each company of infantry, besides requiring the counties

to furnish twenty-five dollars per month for armory rents. It also

provided for two encampments, the above being one of them, and for

full-dress uniforms for the entire force. These, made of blue, were

issued during same year. It also passed the clause to exempt militiamen

from jury duty after serving faithfully for a period of seven years.

Company B, “City Guard,” First Regiment of Infantry, participated as a

company in its first camp, a Second Brigade affair, from the 6th to the

16th of October, 1863. Camp Allen, named after the commander of the

Second Division, was held near San Antonio, Alameda county, the state

defraying the expense.

The company received its first improved arms on February 20, 1865.

These were the “rifle muskets” of 58 caliber, model 1861. Sixty of

these, together with a full set of accoutrements, the same kind as

before used, were issued to the Company, and those previously carried

were returned to general headquarters during the following month.

Twenty extra muskets came to the company during October following.

In April of the same year, when the news of the assassination of our

martyred President, Abraham Lincoln, was received, San Francisco became

wild with excitement; mobs quickly gathered, and endeavored to wreck

the printing-offices of those who had advocated secession, and of those

who had been so rabid in their utterances that they had really done

the next thing but actually advocate the killing of the President. The

feeling against these people can well be imagined. Some considerable

damage was done before the authorities were able to act; finally, when

the militia was called upon, the “City Guard” was the first company to

report at the rendevous, and it was the only company whose every member

was in complete uniform. Guards were kept on the other offices that

had escaped the fury of the mob up to this time. Guards were also kept

over loyal newspapers, for fear that the rioters would so far forget

themselves as to wreck them too. Considerable trouble was experienced,

and many broken heads was the result. As soon as matters quieted down

the troops were dismissed.

Little was again re-elected September 4, 1865, with William M. Noyes

as first lieutenant, _vice_ Macondry; George W. Granniss, second

lieutenant, _vice_ Noyes promoted; T. Van Tassel, junior second

lieutenant, date from October 3, 1865, _vice_ Hoyt. The latter remained

in his position but a short time, going again into the ranks, presumed

to be upon the reorganization as the National Guard of California.

On November 20, 1865, the company moved from California street to an

armory situated on the top floor of a three-story building on the south

side of Market street, opposite Dupont. Remaining there until April

following.

April 2, 1868, saw the last of the “California State Militia,” for upon

this date the Legislature passed the law creating the “National Guard

of California,” together with a general revision of the codes governing

the state forces. Among the principal features of this bill we find: A

limit to the number of companies; allowing but three officers to each

infantry company, same to hold office for two years; field officers to

be elected for four years.

Soon after this bill became a law a complete reorganization took place,

and many companies were necessarily mustered out of the service. Orders

were issued from general headquarters on July 12, 1866 (see S. O. No.

3 series of 1866), directing the immediate organization of the Second

Brigade, in accordance with this law. This was accomplished the next

month.

The “City Guard” Company B, retained its position in the First

Regiment, and sixty-seven members of the company took the following

oath on the twenty-first day of August, 1866, before the mustering-in

officer, Major George W. Smiley, Asst. Adj. Gen., 2nd Brig., N. G. C.

“COMPANY “B,” FIRST REGIMENT INFANTRY; SECOND BRIGADE,

N. G. C.

“STATE OF CALIFORNIA, } _ss_.

“City and County of San Francisco. }

“You do solemnly swear and pledge your honor that you

“will support the constitution of the United States, and the

“constitution of the state of California, and that you will

“maintain and defend the laws and all officers lawfully employed

“in administering the same.”

Little, Noyes, and Granniss were retained as the three company

officers, Van Tassel taking the oath as a private.

April 24, 1866, again found the “City Guard” located in a new armory,

this time at No. 617 Howard street, opposite New Montgomery, in the

second story, the California Guard being on the ground floor. This was

its home until February, 1871.

During October, 1866, the company received eighty new full-dress

uniforms from the state. They were of the same pattern as those of

1863, but without the piping of white cord.

George W. Granniss was elected captain during October also, _vice_

Little, promoted major; Stephen H. Smith, first lieutenant, _vice_

Noyes; and David Wilder, second lieutenant, _vice_ Granniss promoted.

Two years after, October 19, 1868, found another change in officers.

Granniss having been elected major, Douglass Gunn was elected captain,

and Chalmers Scott first lieutenant, _vice_ Smith. Wilder was

re-elected second lieutenant. Gunn resigned, and Chalmers Scott was

raised to the captaincy on November 1, 1869. At the same time Wilder

was made first lieutenant, and Horace D. Ranlett, second lieutenant.

During the latter part of 1869 the company readopted the “fancy

uniform,” which lasted, as near as the writer can determine, until 1874

or 1875. It was not worn much, however, during the latter part of the

period named.

During the month of November, 1869, a fire occurred, which did

considerable damage to the arms and accoutrements of the company.

These arms and accoutrements were condemned by a Board of Survey, and

new ones issued on December 21st following, those damaged having been

returned to the state authorities.

CHAPTER IV.

FROM 1870 TO 1880.

With July, 1870, came another change in the officers of the company,

Thomas J. Johnson being elected captain, to rank from April 15th,

_vice_ Scott, resigned on account of his removal to the southern

portion of the state, the other officers retaining their former

positions.

Following close upon this election of officers, the company received

a full fatigue uniform through the exertions of Colonel Barnes. The

description of this uniform is not at hand at the present time, but it

is presumed that the only addition was a blue single-breasted blouse of

about the pattern now (1894) worn, together with the regulation cap.

The building on the northwest corner of Howard and New Montgomery

streets became the armory of the “City Guard,” in February, 1871.

The company occupied rooms on the second floor, together with other

companies of the regiment, the first drill being held on the 7th of

that month. This place was retained as headquarters until November,

1875.

1st Lieutenant David Wilder was elected captain, to rank from March

14, 1871, _vice_ Johnson, resigned on account of sickness. Ranlett was

promoted to the 1st lieutenancy, and J. Henry P. Gedge to fill the

position left vacant by Ranlett, both to rank from March 23d.

An organization in Amador county, this state, known as the Laborers’

League, was formed for the protection of white labor, and not only

miners, but many others, belonged to it. They assumed to fix the wages

to suit themselves, and any one who refused to accept their terms was

not allowed to work. Trouble, therefore, ensued between them and the

mine-owners, as the latter would not recognize the right of the league

to interfere in their business arrangements. A strike was ordered in

consequence. The mines were shut down, for the league would not allow

any one to work, not even at the pumps, in order to keep the mines

free from water. Damages to the extent of about $75,000 having been

accomplished by the strikers, the owners of these mines called upon the

governor for protection.

This was the condition of affairs on June 22, 1871, when Colonel W. H.

L. Barnes, commanding the First Infantry, received orders from general

headquarters at Sacramento to immediately detail a battalion of two

companies for service in the field. The entire regiment was assembled,

“B” reporting with forty-eight rank and file, but companies “C” and

“E” were selected for this campaign. As more men were necessary than

were available in the companies named, details from the balance of the

regiment were made to fill up the ranks of the battalion. Although the

“B” boys were all anxious to go, Captain Wilder was only allowed to

detail one sergeant, two corporals, and ten privates, namely: Sergeant

T. N. Weightman, Corporals James J. E. Hawkins and Arthur A. Palmer,

Privates George G. Bergstrom, Charles W. Bryant, James M. Guerin,

August G. Jenny, John Martin, William V. McConnell, Harry F. Middleton,

William M. Noyes, E. E. Stacy, and H. Nelson Wright. The battalion was

under the command of Major J. F. Bronson.

The detailed battalion left the same day that the order was received,

and was gone twenty-seven days. Their duty was performed so well that

they experienced no trouble from the miners.

Major Bronson died soon after his arrival home, caused by the exposure

during the campaign. C. Poindexter gives evidence to the fact that

James Guerin of “B” also died from the same causes after arriving at

his home.

In the latter part of the year 1871, another fire occurred in the

armory of the “City Guard,” this time destroying the records of

the company, and doing great damage to the arms and other property

of the organization. S. O., No. 34, series of 1871, from general

headquarters at Sacramento, and dated December 20th, condemns the arms

and accoutrements of the “City Guard,” Company B, First Regiment of

Infantry, N. G. C., _which were damaged by fire_, and a requisition for

new approved.

Lieutenant Gedge resigned on December 28, 1872, and Sidney M. Smith was

elected second lieutenant to fill this vacancy, with rank from January

2, 1873. June 5th following found Wilder re-elected to the captaincy,

while Smith was advanced to first lieutenant, _vice_ Ranlett; Henry A.

Plate, second lieutenant, _vice_ Smith promoted.

In 1873 the First Regiment received new arms and equipments, and the

new regulation uniform. General Order No. 1, from headquarters of the

National Guard of California, dated January 30, 1873, adopts the United

States regulation uniform for the forces of this state. These arms

and equipments, together with the uniforms, were paid for through the

efforts of Colonel W. H. L. Barnes, who raised upwards of $30,000 to

pay for same. These rifles were the first of the breech-loaders to be

received by any organization on the coast, and it was because of the

energetic leaders that the regiment was so fitted out. On June 22d the

“City Guard” received its quota of the new arms, duplicate receipts

being given to Colonel Barnes, Lieutenant Colonel George W. Granniss,

and Major Oscar Woodhams, as trustees for said property, the same to

be returned upon demand, viz., sixty each of the following: Sharp’s

metallic cartridge army rifles, caliber fifty and model new, bayonets,

cartridge boxes and plates, cartridge-box belts, waist-belts and

plates, uniform hats. The company returned the old ones to Sacramento

on the 25th, three days later.

The uniform adopted was of the same general description as that of

1866, with perhaps a few minor changes.

The following officers were elected with rank from April 1, 1875: Henry

A. Plate, captain, _vice_ Wilder promoted major; Thomas J. O’Keeffe,

first lieutenant, _vice_ Smith; Edward F. Sellick, second lieutenant,

_vice_ Plate promoted.

COMPANY BADGE.

The first mention of a badge for the company was made on October 9,

1873, a number of designs being offered, but no immediate action was

taken. Between this date and the New Year discussions were had upon

the subject, and in February, 1874, an attempt was made to abandon the

idea, but this was voted down. Matters rested until the early months of

the following year, when about fifteen designs were again offered, and

from these, five or six of the best ones selected, and given into the

hands of a committee. This committee made up one design, adopting the

best features of those in hand, and presented the result to the company

for final action. This badge was accepted, as near as the writer can

determine, some time during June, 1875. A _facsimile_ of this badge can

be seen on the cover of this book.

The “City Guard,” together with the entire regiment, participated in

the 2nd brigade encampment held at San Rafael on the 20th, 21st, and

22d of May, 1875, Brevet Major General W. L. Elliott, U. S. A., being

in command. Quite a number of United States troops were also present.

One of the most pleasing episodes in the history of the company

occurred on August 7, 1875, when Captain Plate, on behalf of himself

and sister, Miss Josie Plate, presented to the organization a beautiful

silk national flag, which has ever been prized most highly by the

members of the “City Guard,” and many are the times that they have

paraded beneath its classic folds.

Upon this same evening the captain also presented to the company what

is known as the Plate Badge. This badge is the permanent property

of the “City Guard,” and it is annually placed in competition as a

shooting decoration. This badge is described as a massive scroll

shield, weighing almost two ounces in gold. In the center of this

shield is the monogram “C. G.” in large lettering, surmounted by a

bear, over which stands in bold relief the name “Plate Badge,” all

of which is enameled in black, the groundwork being beautifully hand

chased. On the reverse side is the following inscription: Presented to

the “City Guard” by Captain H. A. Plate, August 7, 1875. Miss Josie

Plate was elected an honorary member of the company on the 19th of

August. She is the only lady who has that distinction.

Some time previous to September, 1875, this company received the

breech-loading Springfield rifle from the state authorities. These are

the 45-70 now in use. Sixty were allotted to “B.”

The second week of November of this year found the company located in a

new home. This time the move was made to No. 318 Post street, opposite

the square, between Stockton and Powell streets, on the north side.

This armory was owned and occupied by Company C, the “National Guard”

of the First. Here the “City Guard” remained until the last of July,

1879.

Another beautiful annual shooting prize was presented to the company by

Miss May C. Bourn, on the evening of May 4, 1876. This handsome affair

is in the shape of a heavy solid silver cup or vase, and is known

generally as the “Bourn Cup.” The winner of this cup holds it for one

year, when it is then again competed for.

Not to be outdone by others in this era of beautiful gifts, Color

Corporal Louis R. Townsend, the old-old veteran, came gallantly

forward on July 4th with another very appropriate gift to the company

of a flag-case. This flag-case is built of oak and ebony woods, with

the entire front of glass. It is sufficiently large to hold the

full spread of the “City Guard” flag so kindly presented during the

previous year. The case, with the flag therein, now adorns the wall of

“B’s” headquarters. With the true characteristic feeling of a “City

Guard” veteran, and a true soldier, the corporal caused the following

inscription to be carved upon the base of this gift:

Beneath thy folds we march at duty’s call,

With thee we’ll conquer, or with thee we’ll fall.

On October 20, 1876, the company was under arms in anticipation of a

riot and threats of attack upon the Chinese quarter of San Francisco.

November 7th following found the organization again under arms,

and this, too, for the same reason. The National Guard was held in

readiness during this period for active duty, there being considerable

excitement in the city over the troubles caused by unscrupulous

agitators.

December 28th found the “City Guard Rifle Range” completed at San

Bruno. This range was the gift of Captain Plate, who with William

Unger, Charles Slocum, and the old veteran Lou Townsend, devoted their

labor to its construction. This range was used for a good many years;

but, finally, on account of the time lost in traveling to and fro, and

to the lack of interest in shooting, it was finally given up.

At the election for officers in 1877 John H. Dickinson was elected

Captain, _vice_ Plate; E. F. Selleck, First Lieutenant, _vice_

O’Keeffe; and Louis R. Townsend, Second Lieutenant, _vice_ Selleck

promoted; all to rank from April 5th.

The excitement of the previous year continued well into 1877 and

1878, and things began to get warmer and warmer for the Chinese as

time rolled on. Kearney and his crowd of agitators were at work,

endeavoring, as they claimed, to drive the hated race from our shores.

Matters got beyond the control of the local authorities, and they

called upon the governor for aid. That part of the National Guard

located in San Francisco was ordered under arms on July 23, 1877,

and were held in its armories for a period of seven days. The Safety

Committee, having been organized into pick-handle brigades, patrolled

the streets of the city, while the organized and well-disciplined

troops were cooped up in their armories, and were not allowed to do the

duty which they had taken an oath to perform. Was this not strange?

Perhaps the following will serve to explain matters somewhat.

The chief of police, together with the other civil authorities, was

jealous of his powers, and feared to put matters into the hands of the

military. Why? Because they feared that some one else would reap a

little benefit besides themselves, and that they might lose a vote or

two, perhaps. ’Tis the same old story, which is told and retold so many

times over, jealousy and the narrow-minded policy of self-interest. In

the absence of martial law the civil authorities were, of course, in

full control, and the military were subservient unto them. They saw

fit to keep disciplined organizations in their armories, while the

undisciplined citizens were parading the streets with their bits of

wood. Time and again have the National Guards of our different states

been placed in just such a predicament, and when politics are thrust

into the background, and civil offices are occupied by fair-minded men

whose sole aim is the welfare of the state, and not till then, will the

National Guard occupy the place designed for it in the government of

our country.

But we’re outflanking our story. Therefore to resume. These much abused

civil authorities must have become ashamed of themselves, for, upon

the night of July 29th, they detailed the military to the water-front

in order that they might protect the piles of potatoes that were

strewn around on the wharves. From what? It must have been from the

wharf-rats, as all trouble had ceased to exist in the city, as is

evidenced by the fact that next morning, the 30th, all were dismissed

to their homes, military, pick-handle brigades, and all.

On November 10th, the troops were again called out for duty for a

period of nine days, the cause being the same as above stated. Again,

on January 16, 1878, the troops were called upon for aid in quelling

rioters. This time their tour of duty lasted for eleven days. It is

needless to say that the “City Guard” was prominent among the city’s

defenders, even to the guarding of the potato-sacks.

The “City Guard” participated in the regimental encampment held at

Sacramento from September 18th to the 22d, 1878, inclusive. This camp

was named after the Commander-in-chief, Governor Irwin. It was at

this camp that the State Agricultural Society gave two prizes for a

competitive drill. Each competing company was to drill for an hour,

three regular army officers being judges. Company “D” of the First took

the first prize of $300, and the “City Guard” the second of $200. The

first prize was won by but a very few points indeed.

April 5, 1879, found Captain Dickinson and First Lieutenant Selleck

re-elected, and Henry A. Plate as 2d Lieutenant to rank from the same

date, _vice_ Townsend.

The company was on duty again during the Kalloch-De Young troubles of

1879. The members, with few exceptions, placed their pay direct into

the treasury of the company.

On August 1st of this year the company removed from the armory then

occupied to No. 428 Post street, north side, between Powell and Mason

streets. The building was once known as Mrs. Mirasole’s dancing

academy. Many a good time was had there, too. Here the company remained

until June 1, 1881.

Camp Walsh was the camp pitched by the First Regiment at Sacramento,

from September 10th to the 14th, 1879, inclusive. The members of the

“City Guard” enjoyed themselves very much indeed at this camp.

During the ten years covered by this chapter the “City Guard” of course

paid considerable attention to the social features that necessarily

take place in an organization of this kind. Parties, picnics, target

excursions, out-of-town trips, camps, and rackets claimed their proper

attention. It became hard, however, for company commanders to keep

their companies up to a proper military standard, and the attention

to these duties was of a lukewarm nature. A great many things worked

against the making of prosperous commands. The “City Guard” felt the

influences of these conditions, and continued to feel them, too, away

along toward the middle of the eighties, when new life was gradually

let into the organization, and conditions became more encouraging and

satisfactory to those who took the deepest interest in company affairs.

CHAPTER V.

FROM 1880 TO 1894.

Early in the year 1880 the company experienced quite a boom in

membership, the roll reaching to considerable proportions, prizes

having been offered to the two members who would do the most recruiting

within a given time. The company had in view the new uniforms to be

presented by a committee of citizens, and it was the general desire

that the roll be increased. The “City Guard” duly received its

proportion of these uniforms, which were the regulation as previously

worn.

First Sergeant Paul E. Scott was, on April 5th, elected second

lieutenant, _vice_ H. A. Plate resigned. On July 26th, following,

Selleck was made captain, _vice_ Dickinson promoted Colonel First

Infantry, and J. C. B. Hebbard, first lieutenant, _vice_ Selleck

promoted.

That part of the Second Brigade located in San Francisco was on duty at

the county jail, and in their armories, during the troubles of April,

1880, when Chas. de Young was shot by young Kalloch. The companies

were hastily summoned, but again dismissed in a few days, when the

excitement had subsided.

Camp Barnes, regimental, in which this company participated, was held

at Sacramento from the 18th to the 26th of September, 1880. While

returning to San Francisco, the train bearing the regiment, ran into

an open switch on the Oakland Mole. Engineer Wm. C. Browne, by his

presence of mind and heroic action in sticking to his post of duty,

saved the members of the regiment from a fearful death, he being the

only one who lost his life. The engine went through the wharf into the

bay, and, when afterwards found, Browne was still standing upright,

with his hand on the throttle, dead. Proper action was taken by the

board of officers, in an elaborate set of resolutions, and substantial

aid was given to his mother and sister, who were dependent upon him for

support.

The next camp, Camp Upton, was held at Santa Cruz from the 2d to the

10th of July, 1881.

On June 1, 1881, the “City Guard” took possession of its new quarters

on the N. W. corner of Howard and New Montgomery streets, this being

the second time that the company had had its armory upon that corner.

This was also regimental headquarters; remained there until early in

1888.

Samuel J. Taylor was elected first lieutenant, _vice_ Hebbard resigned,

on June 27, 1881, and, on the 15th of September following, August F.

Plate was made second lieutenant, _vice_ Scott resigned. March 2, 1882,

found Taylor captain, _vice_ Selleck retired; Plate, first lieutenant,

_vice_ Taylor promoted, and J. C. Conrad, second lieutenant, _vice_

Plate promoted.

The regimental camps of the two following years, 1882 and 1883, were

held at San Jose, from July 1st to the 9th of each year. In both cases

a return trip was made to San Francisco for the Fourth of July parade,

the regiment reaching San Jose again in time for the parade there in

the evening. The camp of 1882 was named Camp Sheehan, and that of 1883

Camp San Jose.

Second Lieutenant Conrad resigned on July 11, 1883. Francis J. Kremple

was elected first lieutenant, _vice_ Plate resigned, to rank from

December 12, 1883, the second lieutenancy being left vacant.

In 1884 the regimental camp was held at Santa Rosa from the 6th to the

14th of September.

The first division camp held by the State troops was at Santa Cruz,

from August 15th to the 23d, 1885, the camp being named after the

Commander in Chief, Governor Stoneman. Company “B” was comfortably

situated in its quarters with the regiment, and cheerfully performed

all duties required. The First Regiment, through its own commissary,

furnished the meals to its members; other regiments, however, were not

so fortunate, they depending upon a caterer for their subsistence.

This caterer furnished any thing but what was satisfactory to the men,

the principal “kick” being against so much “tripe,” which was served

out too frequently for their tastes. After the sham battle of Saturday

the hill upon which it took place was christened “Tripe Hill,” and is

known as such to this day.

Frank J. Warren succeeded Kremple as first lieutenant on May 28, 1885,

the latter having resigned; the second lieutenancy being left vacant.

Ex-First Sergeant George R. Burdick was elected to the captaincy of

the company on October 22, 1885, _vice_ Taylor promoted major of the

regiment. There was no second lieutenant.

Major Taylor, upon leaving the “City Guard,” presented the company with

what is known as the “Taylor Badge.” The inscription on the back of

this handsome gift is as follows: First prize, Thanksgiving Day Shoot.

Taylor. November 26, 1885.

The so-called Sutter street riots, including both the Sutter and

Geary cable roads, received the attention of the forces of the Second

Brigade, although they were not sent out against the rioters, the

police being ample for that purpose. Heavy guards were kept at the

armories, however, for nearly two months. Dynamite and coercion were

used by small parties of the strikers and individuals, but as a body

they made no riotous demonstrations. The armory guards were posted on

December 13, 1886, and were continued until February, 1887. Many of the

members who then belonged to the “City Guard” will perhaps remember

the pay received, and will undoubtedly remember the “one dollar and

sixty cents” chalked all over the city’s walls and fences, with the

accompanying witticisms of would be wags. The pay of the enlisted man

was as follows: Allowance for meals, seventy-five cents; for quarters,

forty cents; for pay proper, forty-five cents; a grand total of one

dollar and sixty cents for a day of twenty-four hours. Officers

received nothing whatsoever.

“Soldier, will you work”?

Irving B. Cook was elected first lieutenant, to rank from May 19, 1887,

_vice_ Warren appointed signal officer, regimental staff.

The first brigade camp held for quite a number of years was at

Healdsburg for eight days, from the 2d to the 10th of July, 1887.

Camp Bartlett was named after the governor, and commander in chief.

Company “B” made its accustomed showing at this school of instruction,

occupying the street allotted to it by the regimental commander.

This camp was styled the “Jonah camp” by the boys, as three deaths

occurred, two by drowning, and one, Sergeant Major William Mitchell,

appointed from this company, died from the effects of exposure.

The “City Guard” moved into its present quarters, at 1327 Market

street, on April 4, 1888. The company expended a great deal of money in

fitting its rooms up appropriately. “B,” with companies “A,” “D,” “F,”

and “H,” leased this armory, which had been built expressly for them,

for a period of ten years, each having two rooms for the use of its

members.

San Jose, for the third time, received the regimental camp, for the

year 1888, on July 21st, for eight days.

The company received new uniforms during the year 1888. These were

the United States regulation as previously worn. The state furnished

this lot of uniforms, and the general fit of them was some thing

terrible to look upon, being the fault of the contractors. Ten new

Springfield rifles, model of 1883, came to the headquarters of company

“B,” these rifles being an improvement over those of 1873, in that the

safety notch was added, with the Burlington rear and front sights. At

different times subsequent to 1888 two more issues were made of ten and

nine respectively.

At a social reunion of the “City Guard,” on Monday evening, October 22,

1888, L. D. Stone, Esq., an honorary member of the company, presented

the organization with a magnificent bearskin screen.

Camp Orton, named after the Adjutant General of this State, was a

regimental camp held at Santa Rosa, from the 20th to the 28th of July,

1889. The next two were Second Brigade affairs, both being held at

Santa Cruz--that of 1890, Camp Waterman, from the 16th to the 24th of

August, and that of 1891, Camp Markham, from the 4th, after parade,

to the 12th of July. In all three of these camps the “City Guard”

participated.

On October 28, 1889, F. A. Baldwin was elected 2nd Lieutenant, _vice_

self, resigned October 5, 1888, the vacancy not having been filled in

the mean time.

By an amendment to the codes governing the National Guard of California

the Legislature authorized the issuance of service medals for ten

years and upward, the material being of bronze with a bronze bar for

ten years, silver bar for fifteen, and a gold bar for twenty years’

service.

On January 10, 1891, First Lieutenant Irving B. Cook was elected

captain, _vice_ Burdick promoted major. Upon the same date, First

Sergeant Charles J. Wesson was raised to the dignity of first

lieutenant, _vice_ Cook promoted. On June 22d, same year, Edward C.

Lundquist took Baldwin’s position as second lieutenant, he having

resigned, and, on April 25, 1892, Lundquist was promoted to first

lieutenant, _vice_ Wesson resigned, George Filmer taking the second

lieutenancy upon the same evening, _vice_ Lundquist promoted.

The second division camp, Camp Columbus, was held at Santa Cruz,

from the 5th to the 13th of August, 1892, Major General W. H. Dimond

commanding.

Perhaps the most enjoyable and most satisfactory camp participated in

by the members of “B” was “Camp City Guard,” a company affair held for

five days at Stockton in 1893, from July 1st to the morning of the 6th.

The river steamer _Mary Garratt_ was chartered for the transportation

of the men both ways. Companies “A” and “B” of the Sixth Infantry,

located at Stockton, headed by their band, escorted the “City Guard,”

upon their arrival, to Goodwater Grove, where the advance guard had

already pitched the tents. Regular routine duty was immediately

inaugurated. Fifty-nine officers and men participated in Camp “City

Guard,” and all regretted the time for leaving, the reception

accorded them by the boys and citizens of Stockton having been most

pleasing indeed. The expense of this camp was paid out of the company

treasury, and amounted to a little less than $4 per man, including

transportation, entertaining, and every thing.

Early in the year 1894 new fatigue uniforms were issued to the guard.

The Legislature, in 1893, practically did away with the regulation full

dress, giving to regimental organizations the privilege of adopting a

distinct uniform, to be purchased at their own expense. (None have thus

far availed themselves of said privilege.)

[Illustration: ARMORY OF THE FIRST REGIMENT INFANTRY, N. G. C., COR.

TENTH AND MARKET STS., SAN FRANCISCO, CAL.]

One of the crowning glories of the “City Guard,” “B” Company, First

Infantry, N. G. C., was when the company received the elegant Silver

Loving Cup, a trophy presented by Major General W. H. Dimond to the

regiment for competition by the seven companies, and cadets composing

same, while at Camp Dimond, Santa Cruz, covering the eight days from

June 16th to the 24th, 1894. The judges for this competition were

First Lieutenant George W. McIver, Seventh Infantry, U. S. A.; First

Lieutenant E. C. Holly, Fourth Infantry, U. S. A.; and Captain T. J.

Cunningham, Second Artillery, N. G. C.

This trial for supremacy was to continue for the entire week at

camp, the conditions being the best general discipline, deportment,

promptness in performing all military duties, knowledge of said duties,

general appearance of the men, both in camp and in town, best general

condition of tents and company streets, soldierly bearing of the men,

general efficiency in drill for the entire week, and the manner of

conducting same, and any other military details that the judges may

notice. All to end with a competitive drill at the end of the week.

On the Sunday that the regiment returned from camp General Dickinson

presented the cup to the company, the judges having unanimously decided

that the City Guard had fairly won it.

The writer has given in chapter 6 of this history a narrative of the

company in musket and rifle practice, together with the improvements

made in arms and shooting conditions, since its organization in 1854.

It will be noted that “B” company is not only well up in drill, but the

members know how to shoot also, as the following chapter will amply

demonstrate.

It is certainly unfortunate that lack of both time and space will

not allow of detailed descriptions of the “City Guard’s” many social

and pleasurable events of the past forty years; it would indeed fill

volumes to enumerate them all. For the same reasons the long list

of members cannot be given at this writing. Notwithstanding these

conditions, every one who has ever been actively connected with the

old “City Guard” will assuredly recall the different events that

transpired during his time as though it were but yesterday. Think of

the many parties, musicales, rackets, two-day outings you have enjoyed;

banquets, smokers, and many, many other celebrations of the past, and

recall the many happy days spent with comrades in the ranks of your old

love, the “City Guard.”

CHAPTER VI.

FORTY-ONE YEARS’ TARGET PRACTICE.

The first experience of the “City Guard” in rifle, or rather musket,

practice, was on July 4, 1854, at Martinez. Upon that occasion the

members shot for an elegant gold watch, which had been donated by a

friend of the organization. One shot only was allowed each man at a

target placed sixty yards distant. The firearm used was the one then

carried by the corps. This shoot was not the regular one as required by

law.

The company journeyed to the Oakland side of the bay on the 18th of

August following, for its regular medal and prize competition. This is

where the “Clark” medal first made its appearance, and constituted the

chief prize.

The gun used in the early days of target practice, and as issued by our

State to the company, was the old style muzzle loading, smooth bore

percussion musket, model of 1842, with a very long barrel, one upon the

muzzle of which an average size man could easily rest his chin while

standing, the butt of the piece being on the ground. The caliber of

this firearm was .69 of an inch. Members were allowed to use any charge

powder they wished, the bullet being round. This musket superseded

the old “flint lock.” No dependence could be placed upon it for close

shooting, however, even at the short range of those days. It continued

to be the principal arm of the California service until 1865, when an

improved musket was issued.

The regulation target consisted of a one-inch board painted white, 22

inches wide by 6 feet long in the clear, to represent the size of a

man, without taking the outline of one. The bull’s-eye was black and

round, 4 inches in diameter, and placed equidistant from each edge

of the target, and two feet from the top. Three shots were allowed

each man, their value being determined by “string measure,” that is,

the distance from center of bullet hole to center of bull’s-eye. The

aggregate of each man’s three shots was taken, and the one with the

shortest “string” took first prize, the next shortest the second, and

so on. All misses, and there were many of them, counted forty-nine and

one-half inches, this being the distance from the bull’s-eye to the

extreme lower corners of the target. Many times did the average number

of hits fall below 40 per cent of the shots fired.

Other styles of targets were sometimes used by the company, but when

this was done it was an exception to the general rule. A round target,

two feet in diameter, occasionally met with favor, and upon one or

two days of that period the company put up a target which represented

the figure of an Indian warrior, nicely painted, bearing the usual

bull’s-eye. The guests, as a general thing, fired away at a round

target about thirty inches in diameter.

Three judges, usually officers of other military organizations, and

selected from the guests of the company, and who were generally

stationed at a safe distance from one flank of the target, did the

marking and scoring. A shot having been fired, they hastened to

investigate the result, and, finding a hit, would duly measure it,

plug up the hole with a wooden or cork plug furnished for the purpose,

and number it to correspond with the man shooting, also numbering the

target alongside the shot. Before retiring they would indicate the shot

to the firing point by pointing at it, and if a miss by waving a white

handkerchief. The judges kept the score by recording the value of each

shot in a book kept for that purpose against the man’s number. After

the close of the competition, then would the winners be declared, and

prizes distributed at once. It took a long time for a company of say

forty or forty-five men to shoot under these conditions. This is why

only three shots were allowed.

An elegant lunch was always provided by the members of the “City Guard”

upon the shooting days, and the commissary wagon was loaded down with

all good things that money could buy. In the evening it was the usual

thing for them to entertain their guests at a banquet given at some

well-known hotel of the city. These excursions cost a great deal of

money, which was generally provided for by assessing the members. This

custom remained in vogue for quite a number of years. In 1861, when the

“City Guard” became Company “B” of the First Infantry.

1860 brought with it the first change in the regulation target, by the

addition of a vertical and a horizontal black stripe, four inches in

width, each passing through the bull’s-eye, thus dividing the target

into four parts. The writer notes that upon one or two occasions this

black stripe, of only one and one-half inches in width, divided the

target into four equal parts. The United States targets were twenty-two

inches wide by six feet high, for distances, from one hundred and fifty

yards up to two hundred and twenty-five, the material being of white

cloth, or canvas, stretched upon a frame, generally made of iron,

sometimes of wood; the width of the target, as did the width of the

black stripes, increased at the longer ranges, one thousand yards being

the extreme. Our range remained as it was previously, sixty yards, as

the regular army already had the rifle that was not issued to us until

1865.

The United States Government, in 1855, after satisfactory tests

made at the Springfield arsenal, adopted the Springfield percussion

muzzle-loading rifle, caliber fifty-eight, with the length of barrel

at forty inches, rifled with three grooves, making a half turn in its

length. The bullet was of lead and cylindro-conical in shape, with

expanding base, and weighed five hundred grains. Sixty grains of powder

was the regulation charge. This rifle, together with the bayonet,

weighed about ten pounds. Ten years after its adoption, or in other

words, on February 20, 1865, the “City Guard” received its quota. The

shooting distance was then increased to one hundred and fifty yards.

In 1866, the following year, the rifles remaining in the arsenal were

changed to breech-loaders, and the regular army furnished with them,

but California did not receive any.

The first competition for prizes between teams from the different

companies composing the First Regiment took place on September 12,

1865. These teams were of three men each, with three shots per man.

The “City Guard” carried away the second prize, with a score of 92.02

inches, not counting one miss. Company “C” took first prize, also

making one miss.

Ladies attended the State shoot of the company for the first time, by

invitation, on November 12, 1866, also the shoots of 1867 and 1868,

the latter being a regimental affair, held May 8th, at Schuetzen Park,

Alameda. Upon this occasion the targets were, on account of limited

space, close together, and it became necessary that pits be dug at

their base for the accommodation of the judges; it was so arranged

that the targets slid down into these pits to be marked and plugged.

All marking and scoring was done on the same principles as before

described. The width of the target was increased at this shoot to

twenty-four inches.

1869 found somewhat of a change, in so much that the company held its

prize competition, the sixteenth annual, alone, dispensing with the

usual accompaniments of brass band, cold collations, etc., and issuing

no invitations to guests, the parade being solely to comply with the

requirements of law. Thus the old custom was abandoned. The company

continued to shoot each year regularly in accordance with regulations,

sometimes by itself, but generally with the entire regiment as an

organization.

The National Guard was given the option to use either of the following

described targets for the state shoot of 1873: First, that which was

previously provided for, the black stripes being but one and one-half

inches wide instead of four; or, second, the same size target painted

black, with a four-inch white stripe the full length down the center,

black four-inch bull’s-eye, two feet from the top, surrounded by a

white circle, the outside diameter of which was eighteen inches.

The “City Guard” received its first breech-loading rifles, the Sharp’s,

50 caliber, on June 22, 1873, which were purchased and paid for by the

regiment, and was not the U. S. A. regulation. This rifle was shorter

than the Springfield muzzle-loader, the caliber, however, being the

same. It was rifled with twice as many grooves, 6 in number, these

grooves having a much heavier twist than that contained in the old

barrel. The square-butt bullet weighed about 400 grains, while the

charge of powder was heavier, from 65 to 70 grains. It is said that

the Sharp’s rifle did not give the satisfaction for target practice

that was expected from it. The reader will not confound the model just

referred to with the Sharp’s Buchard, caliber 45, that many individual

shooters used quite extensively in later years, and which gave ample

satisfaction.

When the National Rifle Association of America was organized in 1871,

it adopted the “Hythe” system of targets, then used by the English.

These targets were made of iron, painted white, the bull’s-eye being

square and black, and with a value of four points; the next larger

square counted 3, the balance of target, 2 points. These were classed

as follows: Class “A,” for distances up to and including 300 yards, 4

feet wide by 6 feet high; class “B,” from 300 up to and including 600,

6 x 6 feet; class “C,” including all distances above 600 yards, 12

feet wide by 6 high. The bull’s-eyes were 8, 22, and 36 inches square,

respectively. These targets were used, unofficially, in California as

early as 1873, and Interstate matches were shot upon them, as well as

other local competitions between companies and individuals; but they

never became the regulation targets for the National Guard of this

State. Annual shoots continued to be fired at the old style 2 x 6

target.

About the time that the California Rifle Association was incorporated,

in June, 1875, a change was made from the “Hythe” target to the

“Wimbleton” or “Creedmoor” system, as it is known in the United States,

taking the name from the famous rifle ranges at Creedmoor, Long Island.

These targets were of the same size as the others, but the bull’s-eyes

and rings became round instead of square, also adding one extra ring,

thus giving the bull’s-eye the value of 5 points, the center, 4, the

inner, 3, and the outer, 2 points. These targets, instead of being

made of iron, were of canvas for a backing, stretched upon a frame

of proper size. The “Creedmoor” target was the first one adopted by

the California Association, none other being in use by them. Sizes

of bull’s-eyes and rings as follows: Class “A” target, bull’s-eye, 8

inches in diameter; center, 26 inches; inner, 46 inches; outer, balance

of target. Class “B,” bull’s-eye, 22 inches in diameter; center, 38

inches; inner, 54 inches; outer, 70 inches diameter; this ring was

subsequently dropped, thus giving balance of target for the outer.

Class “C,” bull’s-eye, 36 inches in diameter; center, 54 inches in

diameter; inner was square, being 6 x 6 feet; outer, balance of target.

The Creedmoor rules of the National Association were taken, which soon

became generally recognized throughout California, the State adopting

them later for the government of the N. G. C.

The Springfield breech-loading rifle, caliber 45, was adopted by the

Government in 1873, after the Small Arms Board had tested 99 samples

of different designs. The “City Guard” received their quota during

1875. This rifle is described as follows: Made of low steel, caliber

45, and rifled with 3 concentric grooves of equal width, with 3 lands;

uniform twist of one complete turn in 22 inches; length of barrel,

including receiver, 36 inches; weight, without bayonet, 8.38 pounds:

trigger adjusted to 6 and up to 8 pounds pull.

General orders No. 8, Adjutant General’s Office, Sacramento, April

24, 1876, adopts the class “A” target for our State troops, and the

distance for the Springfield, model 1873, was placed at 200 yards. Men

were prohibited from changing the sights, or to put the minimum pull of

trigger at less than the regulation 6 pound pull. The number of shots

was increased to 5, possible 25 points.

Some shooting was done at 1,000 yards, but not with the Springfield.

The 500 yard target was considerably used, but the bulk of the shooting

was at the 200 yard range. The “City Guard” opened up its San Bruno

range in 1875 with targets at both 200 and 500 yards, possibly the

1,000 yard also. This continued to be the shooting headquarters of the

company for quite a number of years. Monthly competitions were held,

and many of the members participated in the regular “meets” of the

California Rifle Association, the company once in a while entering

a team to compete for prizes; but they won nothing. The interest in

rifle practice in the “City Guard” was not particularly strong at any

time during the early periods, and it was not until later years that

their interest improved to any great extent. The time consumed in

going to and from San Bruno, together with the expense, finally closed

that range some time during the early eighties. The company sent one

man East with the famous California Creedmoor team that won the great

International Military Match in 1877. This team consisted of 12 men and

3 alternates.

No particular change was made in the shooting conditions for a number

of years. Company and individual matches continued to be held,

contestants firing from five, seven, and ten shots to the string,

occasionally shooting fifty shot matches, and even up to one hundred

shots consecutively, in order to test the endurance of the men. Five

shots, however, continued to be the number allowed at the State

shoots, with no sighters. The one thousand yard range, as also the

five hundred, was discontinued some time in the eighties, the two

hundred yard target, because this shorter range could be obtained more

conveniently, receiving all the attention. In 1885 the “City Guard”

inaugurated its annual Thanksgiving day competitions for prizes, and

it was so arranged that every one firing, including both life and

honorary members, received a prize, all of which were presented at an

entertainment held subsequently thereto.

The Legislature, during its session of 1887, provided that decorations

be awarded members of the National Guard for rifle practice, and that

they parade for same at least once each year. In accordance with this

law, General Order No. 8, Adjutant General’s office, Sacramento, dated

September 6, 1887, promulgated the following conditions to govern the

issuance of these medals: That the score (for the first time) consist

of ten shots, with no sighters. Attendance at drills, in order to

receive a decoration, must not be less than fifty per cent. That each

guardsman in first class, those making ninety per cent or more, receive

a bronze medal, with the gold sharpshooter’s clasp pendent therefrom;

for the second class, eighty per cent and up to ninety per cent, the

same style medal, but with the silver rifleman’s clasp; for the third

class, not less than fifty per cent and up to eighty per cent, the

bronze marksman’s clasp attached to the bronze medal. Members winning

decorations in subsequent years, after once receiving the medal, were

presented with the clasp or bar only. The law was amended in 1889,

making it compulsory for two parades to be held for the State shoot,

and that both count in awarding medals. In 1891 general orders raised

the minimum percentage of the third class to sixty per cent, at the

same time making the drill requirements sixty per cent also, and giving

a silver medal instead of the bronze. By this order Blunt’s Manual for

Small Arms Practice was adopted. These are the conditions under which

the National Guard of California shoot at the present day.

[Illustration: CORPORAL LOU. R. TOWNSEND IN HIS OLD CITY GUARD UNIFORM.

REPRODUCED FROM OIL PAINTING, BY MRS. MC HENRY, JUNE, 1859.]

Blunt’s regulation targets, as to size, material, number of rings,

and mode of counting, are the same as those of the Creedmoor system,

otherwise they are not alike, the bull’s-eyes and rings of the new

being ellipses set vertically, also of different dimensions, viz: Class

“A” target, bull’s-eye, 8 x 10 inches; center, 24 x 30; inner, 40 x 50;

outer, balance of target. Class “B,” bull’s-eye, 18 x 24; center, 36 x

48; inner, 54 x 72; outer, balance of target. Class “C,” bull’s-eye,

32 x 50; center, 51 x 72; inner, square of 72 x 72 inches; outer,

balance of target.

The company has participated in a great many matches, particularly

within the last two or three years. As a general thing, these matches

were for glory, with a trophy occasionally thrown in. Some of these

matches the company lost, while on other occasions the rooster crowed

very loudly for “B.” Here are a few of the principal events:

On March 11, 1893, the company entered a team in the Midwinter Fair

prize shoot for trophies. Entrance fee, twenty-five dollars; ten men to

each team, and ten shots per man. The “City Guard” took third prize, an

elegant one, with a score of four hundred and twenty-five points out of

five hundred, an average of eighty-five per cent.

Perhaps the greatest and most satisfactory achievement of “B” Company

was at Sacramento, on December 17, 1893. Company “C” of the First

Regiment shot against “F” of the Eighth, located at Oroville, and

this company shot against “C” of the Eighth, of Marysville. All four

organizations shot on the same ground, and at the same time, the

targets adjoining. This match was for thirty men on each team, ten

shots per man, and to be shot upon neutral ground in the open, man

for man. To accomplish this it was necessary that “B” and “C” of the

First, and the other two companies meet half way at Sacramento, which

they did. “C” beat Oroville, scores, 1225 to 1195. “B” beat Marysville,

score 1233 to 1143, the “City Guard” coming out with the best score of

the day, making an average of 41.1 points per man, a very large average

for thirty men.

As a result of the Sacramento match the company received a match from

the famous “Carson City Guard,” of Nevada. This interstate match was

for thirty men a side, ten shots per man, the watch being held on each

shooter for the time limit. The shoot was what is termed telegraphic,

and targets were to be exchanged by express after the firing ceased.

Each company had its representative at the other’s range. “B” was again

victorious, beating their opponents by ten points, scores 1223 to 1213.

This was on May 6, 1894.

The following three matches were undoubtedly the largest ever shot

by military companies anywhere in the United States or elsewhere.

They were shot man for man, under the existing rules, at two hundred

yards, with ten shots for each competitor, making the possible number

of points 2,500. It will be noted that two of these matches were shot

upon B company’s opponents’ ranges, both of which being strange to the

members of this company.

On December 2, 1894, at Schuetzen Park, San Rafael, with D Company,

Fifth Infantry, N. G. C., B wins by five points. Scores: B, 1,846, or

an average per man of 36.92 points. D making 1,841, an average of 36.82.

Both companies having strengthened their teams, a return match was

made for May 5, 1895, this time at B’s headquarters, Shell Mound Rifle

Range. B again wins by fifty-three points. Scores: B, 1,951 points, an

average per man of 39.02 points, D making 1,898, an average of 37.96.

Each company made a marked improvement over the previous match.

On May 19, 1895, this company shot another fifty-man match this time

with C company, Eighth Infantry, N. G. C., upon their own range at

Marysville, Cal., B journeying there for that purpose. This time B

lost. Scores: B, 1,907 points, an average of 38.14 per man; their

opponents making 1,982, an average of 39.64. The score made by C

company was an elegant one, and the members are deserving of a great

deal of praise for their splendid shooting.

The “Tobin Trophy” was presented to the First Regiment by the relatives

of Colonel Robert Tobin, of the Third, in 1890, after his death, the

regiment having performed the escort duty at the funeral. This trophy

is a permanent affair for competition every year by teams selected

from each company. For the first five years these teams consisted of

twenty men each; but in 1895 they were increased to twenty-five men.

B’s record is as follows: Possible points, 1,000. In 1890, the company

made 784, average, per man, 39.20. In 1891, 707; average, 35.35. In

1892, 766; average 38.3. In 1893, 787; average, 39.35. In 1894, 824;

average, 41.20. In 1895, for twenty-five men, possible number of points

1,250, the company made 1,032, an average of 41.30 points to the man.

In these shoots for the trophy the City Guard took second place, with

the exception of the years 1891 and 1892, then falling to third place.

The trophy competition was at the 200 yard range.

The members of B company have received the following State decorations

since the system was adopted, as previously noted, in 1887. For the

year 1887: gold bars, 0; silver, 3; bronze, 11. Total, 14. In 1888:

gold, 0; silver, 7; bronze, 9. Total, 16. In 1889: gold, 1; silver, 6;

bronze, 19. Total, 26. In 1890: gold, 1; silver, 11; bronze, 14. Total,

26. In 1891: gold, 0; silver, 5; bronze, 14. Total, 19. In 1892: gold,

0; silver, 4; bronze, 16. Total, 20. In 1893: gold, 1; silver, 11;

bronze, 20. Total, 32. In 1894: gold, 1; silver, 16; bronze, 23. Total,

40.

The City Guard originally set the pace in the matter of shooting

rifle matches with teams composed of fifty men from a company. It

is a recognized fact that a soldier should know how to shoot, and,

in order to encourage the members, some inducements must be given.

What is better than placing them in a large shooting team? Any member

of a company will strive very hard indeed to win a place on such a

team, especially if he thinks there is any possible show for him,

while otherwise he would be rather lukewarm if simply competing for a

personal decoration. Hence the desirability of large team shooting. The

better shots will always take care of themselves; foster the poorer

ones by interesting them in their art, and they will, in their turn,

take care of themselves.

It has been, particularly for the past two or three years, the

determined policy of this company to steadily increase the shooting

efficiency of its members. Not only have the better shots received

their proper attention, but the poorer ones have been encouraged, and,

under the fostering care and instruction freely given them, they have

gradually improved in their marksmanship; many of them now rank among

the best shots of the company. In closing this chapter the writer

predicts a brilliant future for the City Guard in rifle practice, and

with proper care, attention, and enthusiasm, the “old company” will yet

be the peer of them all.

Transcriber’s Notes:

Variations in spelling and hyphenation are retained.

Perceived typographical errors have been changed.

The "City Guard": A History of Company "B" First Regiment Infantry, N. G. C. During the Sacramento Campaign, July 3 to 26, 1894 Including a Brief History of the Company Since Its Organization March 31, 1854, to July 3, 1894 · 第 11 / 11 章

Appearing upon the charter-roll of the First California Guard, under