The Japanese made many efforts to regain control of both tariffs
and courts before they finally won success. An official mission
under Prince Iwakura toured Western capitals in 1871-73 but failed
to gain treaty revision. As other attempts also came to nothing, an
intense popular resentment developed in Japan. In 1889, just when his
negotiations for treaty revision were progressing favorably, a bomb
tore off Count Okuma’s leg. Success was not won, however, until a new
treaty was concluded with Great Britain on July 16, 1894. The other
powers soon followed suit. Japan’s law courts had been modernized, and
she now enforced new civil, commercial and criminal codes. In 1899,
when the new treaties went into effect, all Westerners became subject
to Japanese law. These treaties thus brought the extraterritorial
system to an end. But they all contained tariff schedules that lasted
for 12 years, so that Japan did not secure full control over her own
tariffs until the treaties expired in 1911.