CHAPTER XV.

Meaux on the Marne--Hammering--Popish forms--Wise dogs--Blocked

in a tunnel--A dry voyage--Arbour and garret--Odd

fellows--Dream on the Seine--Almost over--No

admittance--Charing-cross.

There are three hemispheres of scenery visible to the traveller who

voyages thus in a boat on the rivers. First, the great arch of sky, and

land, and trees, and flowers down to the water's brink; then the whole

of this reflected beautifully in the surface of the river; and then the

wondrous depths in the water itself, with its animal life, its rocks and

glades below, and its flowers and mosses. Now rises the moon so clear,

and with the sky around it so black that no "man in the moon" can be

seen.

At the hotel we find a whole party of guests for the marriage-dinner of

a newly-wedded pair. The younger portion of the company adjourn to the

garden and let off squibs and crackers, so it seems to be a good time to

exhibit some of my signal lights from my bedroom-window, and there is

much cheering as the Englishman illumines the whole neighbourhood. Next

day the same people all assembled for the marriage breakfast, and

sherry, madeira, and champagne flowed from the well-squeezed purse of

the bride's happy father.

I have noticed that the last sound to give way to the stillness of the

night in a village is that of the blacksmith's hammer, which is much

more heard abroad than at home. Perhaps this is because much of their

execrable French ironwork is made in each town; whereas in England it is

manufactured by machinery in great quantities and at special places. At

any rate, after travelling on the Continent long enough to become calm

and observant, seeing, hearing, and, we may add, scenting all around,

the picture in the mind is full of blue dresses, white stones, jingling

of bells, and the "cling, cling" of the never idle blacksmith.

This town of Meaux has a bridge with houses on it, and great mill-wheels

filling up the arches as they used to do in old London-bridge. Pleasant

gardens front the river, and cafés glitter there at night. These are not

luxuries but positive necessaries of life for the Frenchman, and it is

their absence abroad which--we believe--is one chief cause of his being

so bad a colonist, for the Frenchman has only the expression "with me"

for "home," and no word for "wife" but "woman."

The cathedral of Meaux is grand and old, and see how they masquerade

the service in it! Look at the gaunt "Suisse," with his cocked-hat kept

on in church, with his sword and spear. The twenty priests and twelve

red-surpliced boys intone to about as many hearers. A monk escorted

through the church makes believe to sprinkle holy water on all sides

from that dirty plasterer's brush, and then two boys carry on their

shoulders a huge round loaf, the "pain benit," which, after fifty

bowings, is blessed, and escorted back to be cut up, and is then given

in morsels to the congregation. These endless ceremonies are the meshes

of the net of Popery, and they are well woven to catch many Frenchmen,

who must have action, show, the visible tangible outside, whatever may

be meant by it.

This service sets one a-thinking. Some form there must be in worship.

One may suppose, indeed, that perfect spirit can adore God without

attitude, or even any sequence or change. Yet in the Bible we hear of

Seraphs veiling their bodies with their wings, and of elders prostrate

at certain times, and saints that have a litany even in heaven. Mortals

must have some form of adoration, but there is the question, How much?

and on this great point how many wise and foolish men have written books

without end, or scarcely any effect!

The riverside was a good place for a quiet Sunday walk. Here a flock of

300 sheep had come to drink, and nibble at the flowers hanging over the

water, and the simple-hearted shepherd stood looking on while his dogs

rushed backward and forward, yearning for some sheep to do wrong, that

their dog service might be required to prevent or to punish naughty

conduct. This "Berger" inquires whether England is near Africa, and how

large our legs of mutton are, and if we have sheep-dogs, and are there

any rivers in our island on the sea. Meanwhile at the hotel the marriage

party kept on "breakfasting," even until four o'clock, and non-melodious

songs were sung. The French, as a people, do not excel in vocal music,

either in tone or in harmony, but then they are precise in time.

Afloat again next morning, and quite refreshed, we prepared for a long

day's work. The stream was now clear, and the waving tresses of dark

green weeds gracefully curved under water, while islands amid deep shady

bays varied the landscape above.

I saw a canal lock open, and paddled in merely for variety, passing soon

into a tunnel, in the middle of which there was a huge boat fixed, and

nobody with it. The boat exactly filled the tunnel, and the men had gone

to their dinner, so I had first to drag their huge boat out, and then

the canoe proudly glided into daylight, having a whole tunnel to itself.

At Lagny, where we were to breakfast, I left my boat with a nice old

gentleman, who was fishing in a nightcap and spectacles, and he assured

me he would stop there two hours. But when I scrambled back to it

through the mill (the miller's men amazed among their wholesome dusty

sacks), the disconsolate Rob Roy was found to be all alone, the first

time she had been left in a town an "unprotected female."

To escape a long serpent wind of the river, we entered another canal and

found it about a foot deep, with clear water flowing pleasantly. This

seemed to be very fortunate, and it was enjoyed most thoroughly for a

few miles, little knowing what was to come. Presently weeds began, then

clumps of great rushes, then large bushes and trees, all growing with

thick grass in the water, and at length this got so dense that the

prospect before me was precisely like a very large hayfield, with grass

four feet high, all ready to be mowed, but which had to be mercilessly

rowed through.

This on a hot day without wind, and in a long vista, unbroken by a man

or a house, or anything lively, was rather daunting, but we had gone too

far to recede with honour, and so by dint of pushing and working I

actually got the boat through some miles of this novel obstruction

(known only this summer), and brought her safe and sound again to the

river. At one place there was a bridge over this wet marsh, and two men

happened to be going over it as the canoe came near. They soon called to

some neighbours, and the row of spectators exhibited the faculty so

notable in French people and so rarely found with us, that of being able

to keep from laughing right out at a foreigner in an awkward case. The

absurd sight of a man paddling a boat amid miles of thick rushes was

indeed a severe test of courteous gravity. However, I must say that the

labour required to penetrate this marsh was far less than one would

suppose from the appearance of the place. The sharp point of the boat

entered, and its smooth sides followed through hedges, as it were, of

aquatic plants, and, on the whole (and after all was done!), I preferred

the trouble and muscular effort required then to that of the monotonous

calm of usual canal sailing.

[Illustration: "Canal Miseries."]

Fairly in the broad river again the Rob Roy came to Neuilly, and it was

plain that my Sunday rest had enabled over thirty miles to be

accomplished without any fatigue at the end. With some hesitation we

selected an inn on the water-side. The canoe was taken up to it and put

on a table in a summer-house, while my own bed was in a garret where one

could not stand upright--the only occasion where I have been badly

housed; and pray let no one be misled by the name of this abode--"The

Jolly Rowers."

Next day the river flowed fast again, and numerous islands made the

channels difficult to find. The worst of these difficulties is that you

cannot prepare for them. No map gives any just idea of your route--the

people on the river itself are profoundly ignorant of its navigation.

For instance, in starting, my landlord told me that in two hours we

should reach Paris. After ten miles an intelligent man said, "Distance

from Paris? it is six hours from here;" while a third informed me a

little further on, "It is just three leagues and a half from this spot."

The banks were now dotted with villas, and numerous pleasure-boats were

moored at neat little stairs. The vast number of these boats quite

astonished me, and the more so as very few of them were ever to be seen

in actual use.

The French are certainly ingenious in their boat-making, but more of

ingenuity than of practical exercise is seen on the water. On several

rivers we remarked the "walking machine," in which a man can walk on the

water by fixing two small boats on his feet. A curious mode of rowing

with your face to the bows has lately been invented by a Frenchman, and

it is described in the Appendix.

We stopped to breakfast at a new canal cutting, and as there were many

_gamins_ about, I fastened a stone to my painter and took the boat out

into the middle of the river, and so left her moored within sight of the

arbour, where I sat, and also within sight of the ardent-eyed boys who

gazed for hours with wistful looks on the tiny craft and its fluttering

flag. Their desire to handle as well as to see is only natural for

these little fellows, and, therefore, if the lads behave well, I always

make a point of showing them the whole affair quite near, after they

have had to abstain from it so long as a forbidden pleasure.

Strange that this quick curiosity of French boys does not ripen more of

them into travellers, but it soon gets expended in trifling details of a

narrow circle, while the sober, sedate, nay, the _triste_, Anglian is

found scurrying over the world with a carpet-bag, and pushing his way in

foreign crowds without one word of their language, and all the while as

merry as a lark. Among the odd modes of locomotion adopted by

Englishmen, we have already mentioned that of the gentleman travelling

in Germany with a four-in-hand and two spare horses. We met another

Briton who had made a tour in a road locomotive which he bought for

700_l._, and sold again at the same price. One more John Bull, who

regarded the canoe as a "queer conveyance," went himself abroad on a

velocipede. None of these, however, could cross seas, lakes, and rivers

like the canoe, which might be taken wherever a man could walk or a

plank could swim.

It seemed contrary to nature that, after thus nearing pretty Paris,

one's back was now to be turned upon it for hours in order to have a

wide, vague, purposeless voyage into country parts. But the river

willed it so; for here a great curve began and led off to the left,

while the traffic of the Marne went straight through a canal to the

right,--through a canal, and therefore I would not follow it there.

The river got less and less in volume; its water was used for the canal,

and it could scarcely trickle, with its maimed strength, through a

spacious sweep of real country life. Here we often got grounded, got

entangled in long mossy weeds, got fastened in overhanging trees, and,

in fact, suffered all the evils which the smallest brook had ever

entailed, though this was a mighty river.

The bend was more and more inexplicable, as it turned more round and

round, till my face was full in the sunlight at noon, and I saw that the

course was now due south.

Rustics were there to look at me, and wondering herdsmen too, as if the

boat was in mid Germany, instead of being close to Paris. Evidently

boating men in that quarter never came here by the river, and the Rob

Roy was a _rara avis_ floating on a stream unused.

But the circle was rounded at last, as all circles are, however large

they be; and we got back to the common route, to civilization, fishing

men and fishing women, and on the broad Marne once more. So here I

stopped a bit for a ponder.

And now we unmoor for the last time, and enter the Rob Roy for its final

trip--the last few miles of the Marne, and of more than a thousand miles

rowed and sailed since we started from England. I will not disguise my

feeling of sadness then, and I wished that Paris was still another day

distant.

For this journey in a canoe has been interesting, agreeable, and useful,

though its incidents may not be realized by reading what has now been

described. The sensation of novelty, freedom, health, and variety all

day and every day was what cannot be recited. The close acquaintance

with the people of strange lands, and the constant observation of nature

around, and the unremitting attention necessary for progress, all

combine to make a voyage of this sort improving to the mind thus kept

alert, while the body thoroughly enjoys life when regular hard exercise

in the open air dissipates the lethargy of these warmer climes.

These were my thoughts as I came to the Seine and found a cool bank to

lie upon under the trees, with my boat gently rocking in the ripples of

the stream below, and the nearer sound of a great city telling that

Paris was at hand. "Here," said I, "and now is my last hour of life

savage and free. Sunny days; alone, but not solitary; worked, but not

weary"--as in a dream the things, places, and men I had seen floated

before my eyes half closed. The panorama was wide, and fair to the

mind's eye; but it had a tale always the same as it went quickly

past--that vacation was over, and work must begin.

Up, then, for this is not a life of mere enjoyment. Again into the

harness of "polite society," the hat, the collar, the braces, the

gloves, the waistcoat, the latch-key--perhaps, the razor--certainly the

umbrella. How every joint and limb will rebel against these manacles,

but they must be endured!

The gradual approach to Paris by gliding down the Seine was altogether a

new sensation. By diligence, railway, or steamer, you have nothing like

it--not certainly by walking into Paris along a dusty road.

For now we are smoothly carried on a wide and winding river, with

nothing to do but to look and to listen while the splendid panorama

majestically unfolds. Villas thicken, gardens get smaller as houses are

closer, trees get fewer as walls increase. Barges line the banks,

commerce and its movement, luxury and its adornments, spires and cupolas

grow out of the dim horizon, and then bridges seem to float towards me,

and the hum of life gets deeper and busier, while the pretty little

prattling of the river stream yields to the roar of traffic, and to that

indescribable thrill which throbs in the air around this the capital of

the Continent, the centre of the politics, the focus of the pleasure and

the splendour of the world.

In passing the island at Notre Dame I fortunately took the proper side,

but even then we found a very awkward rush of water under the bridges.

This was caused by the extreme lowness of the river, which on this very

day was three feet lower than in the memory of man. The fall over each

barrier, though wide enough, was so shallow that I saw at the last

bridge the crowd above me evidently calculated upon my being upset; and

they were nearly right too. The absence of other boats showed me (now

experienced in such omens) that some great difficulty was at hand, but I

also remarked that by far the greater number of observers had collected

over one particular arch, where at first there seemed to be the very

worst chance for getting through. By logical deduction I argued, "that

must be the best arch, after all, for they evidently expect I will try

it," and, with a horrid presentiment that my first upset was to be at my

last bridge, I boldly dashed forward--whirl, whirl the waves, and

grate--grate--my iron keel; but the Rob Roy rises to the occasion, and a

rewarding Bravo! from the Frenchmen above is answered by a British "All

right" from the boat below.

No town was so hard to find a place for the canoe in as the bright, gay

Paris. I went to the floating baths; they would not have me. We paddled

to the funny old ship; they shook their heads. We tried a coal wharf;

but they were only civil there. Even the worthy washerwomen, my quondam

friends, were altogether callous now about a harbour for the canoe.

In desperation we paddled to a bath that was being repaired, but when my

boat rounded the corner it was met by a volley of abuse from the

proprietor for disturbing his fishing; he was just in the act of

expecting the final bite of a _goujon_.

Relenting as we apologized and told the Rob Roy's tale, he housed her

there for the night; and I shouldered my luggage and wended my way to an

hotel.

Here is Meurice's, with the homeward tide of Britons from every Alp and

cave of Europe flowing through its salons. Here are the gay streets, too

white to be looked at in the sun, and the _poupeé_ theatres under the

trees, and the dandies driving so stiff in hired carriages, and the

dapper, little soldiers, and the gilded cafés.

Yes, it is Paris--and more brilliant than ever!

I faintly tried to hope, but--pray pardon me--I utterly failed to

believe that any person there had enjoyed his summer months with such

excessive delight as the captain, the purser, the ship's cook, and cabin

boy of the Rob Roy canoe.

Eight francs take the boat by rail to Calais. Two shillings take her

thence to Dover. The railway takes her free to Charing Cross, and there

two porters put her in the Thames again.

A flowing tide, on a sunny evening, bears her fast and cheerily straight

to Searle's, there to debark the Rob Roy's cargo safe and sound and

thankful, and to plant once more upon the shore of old England

The flag that braved a thousand miles,

The rapid and the snag.

[Illustration]

APPENDIX.

GOSSIP ASHORE ABOUT THINGS AFLOAT.

Those who intend to make a river voyage on the Continent--and several

canoes are preparing for this purpose--will probably feel interested in

some of the following information, while other readers of these pages

may be indulgent enough to excuse the relation of a few particulars and

technical details.

It is proposed, then, to give, first, a description of the canoe

considered to be most suitable for a voyage of this sort after

experience has aided in modifying the dimensions of the boat already

used; second, an inventory of the cargo or luggage of the Rob Roy, with

remarks on the subject, for the guidance of future passengers.

Next there will be found some notes upon rocks and currents in broken

water; and lastly, some further remarks on the "Kent," and a few

miscellaneous observations upon various points.

Although the Rob Roy and its luggage were not prepared until after much

cogitation, it is well that intending canoists should have the benefit

of what experience has since proved as to the faults and virtues of the

arrangements devised for a first trip, after these have been thoroughly

tasted in so pleasant a tour.

The best dimensions for the canoe appear to be--length, 14 feet

[15][XXXVI.]; beam, 26 inches [28], six inches abaft the midship; depth

outside, from keel to deck, 9 inches; camber, 1 inch [2]; keel, 1 inch,

with a strip of iron, half an inch broad, carefully secured all the way

below, and a copper strip up the stem and stern posts, and round the top

of each of them.

[XXXVI.] The figures in [ ] are the dimensions of the old Rob Roy.

The new canoe now building will have the beam at the water's edge, and

the upper plank will "topple in," so that the cedar deck will be only 20

inches wide.

The "well" or opening in the deck should be 4 feet long [4 feet 6

inches] and 20 inches wide, with a strong combing all round, sloping

forward, but not more than 1 inch [2] high at the bow end. This opening

should be semicircular at the ends, both for appearance sake and

strength and convenience, so as to avoid corners. The macintosh sheet to

cover this must be strong, to resist constant wear, light coloured, for

the sun's heat, and so attached as to be readily loosened and made fast

again, say 20 times a day, and by cords which will instantly break if

you have to jump out. In the new canoe this macintosh (the most

difficult part of the equipment to arrange) is 18 inches long, and a

light wooden hatch covers the fore part, an arrangement found to be most

successful.

A water-tight compartment in the hull is a mistake. Its partition

prevents access to breakages within, and arrests the circulation of air,

and it cannot be kept long perfectly staunch. There should be extra

timbers near the seat.

The canoe must be so constructed as to endure without injury, (1) to be

lifted by any part whatever; (2) to be rested on any part; (3) to be sat

upon while aground, on any part of the deck, the combing, and the

interior.

Wheels for transport have been often suggested, but they would be

useless. On plain ground or grass you can readily do without them. On

rocks and rough ground, or over ditches and through hedges, wheels could

not be employed, and at all times they would be in the way. Bilge pieces

are not required. Strength must be had without them, and their

projections seriously complicate the difficulties of pushing the boat

over a pointed rock, both when afloat and when ashore; besides, as they

are not parallel to the keel they very much retard the boat's speed.

The paddle should be 7 feet long (not more), weight, 2 lbs. 9 oz.,

strong, with blades 6 inches broad, ends rounded, thick, and banded with

copper. There should be conical cups of vulcanised India rubber to catch

the dribbling water, and, if possible, some plan (not yet devised) for

preventing or arresting the drops from the paddle ends, which fall on

the deck when you paddle slowly, and when there is not enough

centrifugal force to throw this water away from the boat.

The painter ought to be of the best flexible rope, not tarred, well able

to bear 200 lb. weight; more than 20 feet of rope is a constant

encumbrance. The ends should be silk-whipped and secured through a hole

in the stem post and another in the stern post (so that either or both

ends can be readily cast off); the slack may be coiled on deck behind

you.

There should be a back support of two wooden slips, each 15 inches by 3

inches, placed like the side strokes of the letter H, and an inch apart,

but laced together with cord, or joined by a strip of cloth. Rest them

against the edge of the combing, and so as to be free to yield to the

motion of the back at each stroke, without hurting the spine. If made

fast so as always to project, they are much in the way of the painter in

critical times. They may be hinged below so as to fold down as you get

out, but in this case they are in the way when you are getting in and

wish to sit down in an instant ready for work.

The mast should be 5 feet long, strong enough to stand gales without

stays, stepped just forward of the stretcher, in a tube an inch above

deck, and so as to be struck without difficulty in a squall, or when

nearing trees, or a bridge, barrier, ferry-rope, bank, or waterfall, or

when going aground.

The sail, if a lug, should have a fore leach of 3 feet 10 inches, a head

of 3 feet 6 inches, and a foot of 4 feet 6 inches; yard and boom of

bamboo.

The boat can well stand more sail than this at sea, or in lakes and

broad channels, but the foregoing size for a lug is quite large enough

to manage in stiff breezes and in narrow rocky tortuous rivers.

A spritsail would be better in some respects, but no plan has, as yet,

been suggested to me for instantly striking the sprit without

endangering the deck, so I mean to use a lug still.

The material of the sail should be strong cotton, in one piece, without

any eyelet or hole whatever, but with a broad hem, enclosing

well-stretched cord all round. A jib is of little use as a sail. It is

apt to get aback in sudden turns. Besides, you must land either to set

it or to take in its outhaul, so as to be quite snug. But the jib does

well to tie on the shoulders when they are turned to a fierce sun. The

boom should be attached by a brass shackle, so that when "topped" or

folded its end closes on the top of the mast. The sails (with the boom

and yard) should be rolled up round the mast compactly, to be stowed

away forward, so that the end of the mast resting on the stretcher will

keep the roll of sails out of the wet. The flag and its staff when not

fast at the mast-head (by two metal loops) should fit into the

mast-step, and the flag-staff, 24 inches long, should be light, so as

not to sink if it falls overboard, as one of mine did.

The floor-boards should be strong, and easily detachable, so that one of

them can be at once used as a paddle if that falls overboard. They

should come six inches short of the stern end of a light seat, which

can thus rest on the timbers, so as to be as low as possible, and its

top should be of strong cane open-work.

The stretcher should have only one length, and let this be carefully

determined after trial before starting. The two sides of its foot-board

should be high and broad, while the middle may be cut down to let the

hand get to the mast. The stretcher should, of course, be moveable, in

order that you may lie down with the legs at full length for repose.

One brass cleat for belaying the halyard should be on deck, about the

middle, and on the right-hand side. A stud on the other side, and this

cleat will do to make the sheet fast to by one turn on either tack.

LIST OF STORES ON BOARD THE ROB ROY.

1. _Useful Stores._--Paddle, painter (31 feet at first, but cut down to

20 feet), sponge, waterproof cover, 5 feet by 2 feet 3 inches, silk blue

union jack, 10 inches by 8 inches, on a staff 2 feet long. Mast, boom,

and yard. Lug sail, jib, and spare jib (used as a sun shawl). Stretcher,

two back boards, floor boards, basket to sit on (12 inches by 6 inches,

by 1 inch deep), and holding a macintosh coat. For repairs--iron and

brass screws, sheet copper and copper nails, putty and whitelead, a

gimlet, cord, string, and thread, one spare button, needle, pins, canvas

wading shoes (wooden clogs would be better); all the above should be

left with the boat. Black bag for 3 months' luggage, size, 12 inches by

12 inches, by 5 inches deep (just right), closed by three buttons, and

with shoulder-strap. Flannel Norfolk jacket (flaps not too long, else

they dip in the water, or the pockets are inverted in getting out and

in); wide flannel trousers, gathered by a broad back buckle belt, second

trousers for shore should have braces, but in the boat the back buttons

are in the way. Flannel shirt on, and another for shore. A straw hat is

the very best for use--while writing this there are 16 various head

covers before me used in different tours, but the straw hat is best of

all for boating. Thin alpaca black Sunday coat, thick waistcoat, black

leather light-soled spring-sided shoes (should be strong for rocks and

village pavements), cloth cap (only used as a bag), 2 collars, 3 pocket

handkerchiefs, ribbon tie, 2 pair of cotton socks (easily got off for

sudden wading, and drying quickly when put on deck in the sun). Brush,

comb, and tooth-brush. Testament, passport (will be scarcely needed this

season), leather purse, large (and _full_), circular notes, small change

in silver and copper for frequent use, blue spectacles in strong case,

book for journal and sketches, black, blue, and red chalk, and steel

pen. Maps, cutting off a six inch square at a time for pocket reference.

Pipe, tobacco-case, and light-box (metal, to resist moisture from

without and within), Guide books and pleasant evening reading book. You

should cut off covers and all useless pages of books, and every page as

read; no needless weight should be carried hundreds of miles; even a

fly settling on the boat must be refused a free passage. Illustrated

papers, tracts, and anecdotes in French and German for Sunday reading

and daily distribution (far too few had been taken, they were always

well received). Medicine (rhubarb and court plaister), small knife, and

pencil. Messrs. Silver's, in Bishopsgate, is the place for stores.

2. _Useless Articles._--Boathook, undervest, waterproof helmet,

ventilated cap, foreign Conversation books, glass seltzer bottle and

patent cork (for a drinking flask), tweezers for thorns.

3. _Lost or Stolen Articles._--Bag for back cushion, waterproof bag for

sitting cushion, long knife, necktie, woven waistcoat, box of quinine,

steel-hafted knife. These, except the last of them, were not missed. I

bought another thick waistcoat from a Jew.

ROCKS AND CURRENTS.

A few remarks may now be made upon the principal cases in which rocks

and currents have to be dealt with by the canoist.

Even if a set of rules could be laid down for the management of a boat

in the difficult parts of a river, it would not be made easier until

practice has given the boatman that quick judgment as to their

application which has to be patiently acquired in this and other

athletic exercises, such as riding or skating, and even in walking.

The canoist, who passes many hours every day for months together in the

earnest consideration of the river problems always set before him for

solution, will probably feel some interest in this attempt to classify

those that occur most frequently.

Steering a boat in a current among rocks is not unlike walking on a

crowded pavement, where the other passengers are going in various

directions, and at various speeds; and this operation of threading your

way in the streets requires a great deal of practice, and not a few

lessons enforced by collisions, to make a pedestrian thoroughly _au

fait_ as a good man in a crowd. After years of walking through crowds,

there is produced by this education of the mind and training of the body

a certain power--not possessed by a novice--which insensibly directs a

man in his course and his speed, but still his judgment has had

insensibly to take cognizance of many varying _data_ in the movements of

other people which must have their effect upon each step he takes.

After this capacity becomes, as it were, instinctive, or, at any rate,

acts almost involuntarily, a man can walk briskly along Fleet-street at

4 p.m., and, without any distinct thought about other people, or about

his own progress, he can safely get to his journey's end. Indeed, if he

does begin to think of rules or how to apply them systematically, he is

then almost sure to knock up against somebody else. Nay, if two men meet

as they walk through a crowd, and each of them "catches the eye" of the

other, they will probably cease to move instinctively, and, with

uncertain data to reason from, a collision is often the result.

As the descent of a current among rocks resembles a walk along the

pavement through a crowd, so the passage _across_ a rapid is even more

strictly in resemblance with the course of a man who has to cross a

street where vehicles are passing at uncertain intervals and at various

speeds, though all in the same direction. For it is plain that the thing

to be done is nearly the same, whether the obstacles (as breakers) are

fixed and the current carries you towards them, or the obstacles (as

cabs and carts) are moving, while you have to walk through them on

_terra firma_.

To cross Park-lane in the afternoon requires the very same sort of

calculation as the passage across the stream in a rapid on the Rhine.

The importance of this subject of "boating instinct" will be considered

sufficient to justify these remarks when the canoist has by much

practice at last attained to that desirable proficiency which enables

him to steer without thinking about it, and therefore to enjoy the

conversation of other people on the bank or the scenery, while he is

rapidly speeding through rocks, eddies, and currents.

We may divide the rocks thus encountered in fast water into two

classes--(1) Those that are _sunk_, so that the boat can float over

them, and which do not deflect the direction of the surface current. (2)

Those that are _breakers_, and so deflect the current, and do not allow

the boat to float over them.

The currents may be divided into--(1) Those that are equable in force,

and in the same direction through the course to be steered. (2) Those

that alter their direction in a part of that course.

In the problems before the canoist will be found the combinations of

every degree and variety of these rocks and currents, but the actual

circumstances he has to deal with at any specified moment may--it is

believed--be generally ranged under one or other of the six cases

depicted in the accompanying woodcut.

[Illustration: FIG. 1.]

[Illustration: FIG. 2.]

[Illustration: FIG. 3.]

[Illustration: FIG. 4.]

[Illustration: FIG. 5.]

[Illustration: FIG. 6.]

In each of the figures in the diagram the current is supposed to run

towards the top of the page, and the general course of the canoe is

supposed to be with the current. The particular direction of the current

is indicated by the dotted lines. The rocks when shaded are supposed to

be _sunk_, and when not shaded they are _breakers_. Thus the current is

uniform in figs. 1, 2, 3; and it is otherwise in figs. 4, 5, 6. The

rocks are all sunk in figs. 1, 2, 3, and 5; whereas in figs. 4 and 6

there are breakers. The black line in these figures, and in all the

others, shows the proper course of the centre of the boat, and it is

well to habituate oneself to make the course such as that this line

shall never be nearer to the rock than one-half of the boat's length.

The simplest case that can occur is when the canoe is merely floating

without "way" through a current, and the current bears it near a rock.

If this be a breaker, the current, being deflected, will generally carry

the boat to one side. The steering in such cases is so easy, and its

frequent occurrence gives so much practice, that no more need be said

about it.

But if the rock be a sunk rock, and if it be not quite plain from the

appearance of the water that there is depth enough over the rock to

float the boat, then it is necessary to pass either above the rock, as

in fig. 1, or below it, as in fig. 2.

A few days' practice is not thrown away if the canoist seizes every

opportunity of performing under easy circumstances feats which may at

other times have to be done under necessity, and which would not be so

well done if attempted then for the first time.

Let him, therefore, as soon as possible, become adept in crossing above

or below a single sunk rock with his _boat's bow pointed to any angle of

the semicircle before him_.

Next we have to consider the cases in which more than one rock will have

to be avoided. Now, however great the number of the rocks may be, they

can be divided into sets of three, and in each of the figures 3, 4, 5, 6

it is supposed that (for reasons which may be different in each case,

but always sufficient) the canoe has to pass between rocks _A_ and _B_,

and then between _B_ and _C_, but must not pass otherwise between _A_

and _C_.

In fig. 3 the course is below _B_, and above _C_, being a combination of

the instance in fig. 2 with that in fig. 1.

The precise angle to the line of the course which the boat's longer axis

ought to have will depend upon what is to be done next after passing

between _B_ and _C_, and hence the importance of being able to effect

the passages in fig. 1 and fig. 2 with the axis at any required angle.

We may next suppose that one of the three rocks, say _B_, as in fig. 4,

is a breaker which will deflect the current (as indicated by the dotted

stream lines), and it will then be necessary to modify the angle of the

boat's axis, though the boat's centre has to be kept in the same course

as before.

It will be seen at once that if _A_ were a breaker the angle would be

influenced in another manner, and that if _C_ were a breaker the angle

at which the boat should emerge from the group of rocks would be

influenced by the stream from _C_ also; but it is only necessary to

remind the reader that all the combinations and permutations of breakers

and sunk rocks need not be separately discussed,--they may be met by the

experience obtained in one case of each class of circumstances.

Fig. 5 represents a _circular current_ over the group of three rocks.

This is a very deceptive case, for it looks so easy that at first it is

likely to be treated carelessly. If the boat were supposed to be a

substance floating, but without weight, it would have its direction of

motion instantly altered by that of the current. But the boat has

weight, and as it has velocity (that of the current even if the boat is

not urged also by the paddle so as to have "way" through the water),

therefore it will have _momentum_, and the tendency will be to continue

the motion in a straight line, instead of a curve guided solely by the

current. In all these cases, therefore, it will be found (sometimes

inexplicably unless with these considerations) that the boat _insists_

upon passing between _A_ and _C_, where it must not be allowed to go on

the hypothesis we have started with; and if it effects a compromise by

running upon _C_, this is by no means satisfactory.

This class of cases includes all those in which the river makes a quick

turn round a rock or a tongue _B_, where the boundary formed by the rock

_A_ on the outer bend of the stream is a solid bank, or a fringe of

growing trees, or of faggots artificially built as a protection against

the erosion of the water. This case occurs, therefore, very frequently

in some fast rivers, say, at least, a hundred times in a day's work, and

perhaps no test of a man's experience and capacity as a canoist is more

decisive than his manner of steering round a fast, sharp bend.

The tendency of the canoist in such cases is always to bring the boat

round by paddling forward with the outer hand, thereby adding to the

"way," and making the force of the current in its circular turn less

powerful relatively. Whereas, the proper plan is to back with the inner

hand, and so to stop all way in the direction of the boat's length, and

to give the current its full force on the boat. Repeated lessons are

needed before this is learned thoroughly.

The case we have last remarked upon is made easier if either _A_ or _C_

is a breaker, but it is very much increased in difficulty if the rock

_B_ is a breaker or is a strong tongue of bank, and so deflects the

current outwards at this critical point.

The difficulty is often increased by the fact that the water inside of

the curve of the stream may be shoal, and so the paddle on that side

strikes the bottom or grinds along it in backing.

When the curve is all in deep water, and there is a pool after _B_, the

boat ought not to be turned too quickly in endeavouring to avoid the

rock _C_, else it will sometimes then enter the eddy below _B_, which

runs up stream sometimes for fifty yards. In such a case the absurd

position you are thereby thrown into naturally causes you to struggle to

resist or stem this current; but I have found, after repeated trials of

every plan I could think of, that if once the back current has taken the

canoe it is best to let the boat swing with the eddy so as to make an

entire circuit, until the bow can come back towards _B_ (and below it),

when the nose of the boat may be again thrust into the main stream,

which will now turn the boat round again to its proper course. Much time

and labour may be spent uselessly in a wrong and obstinate contest with

an eddy.

In fig. 6, where the three rocks are in a straight line, and the middle

one is a breaker, an instance is given when the proper course must be

kept by _backing_ during the first part of it.

We must suppose for this that the canoist has attained the power of

backing with perfect ease, for it will be quite necessary if he intends

to take his boat safely through several hundred combinations of sunk

rocks and breakers. Presuming this, the case in fig. 6 will be easy

enough, though a little reflection will show that it might be very

difficult, or almost impossible, if the canoist could give only a

forward motion to the boat.

To pass most artistically, then, through the group of rocks in fig. 6

the stern should be turned towards _A_, as shown in the diagram, and the

passage across the current, between _A_ and _B_, is to be effected

solely by backing water (and chiefly in this case with the left hand)

until the furthest point of the right of the curve is reached, with the

boat's length still as before in the position represented in the figure.

Then the forward action of both hands will take the canoe speedily

through the passage between _B_ and _C_.

Cases of this sort are rendered more difficult by the distance of _C_

from the point above _A_, where you are situated when the decision has

to be made (and in three instants of time) as to what must be done;

also, it would usually be imprudent to rise in the boat in such a place

to survey the rock _C_ from a better position.

If it is evident that the plan described above will not be applicable,

because other and future circumstances will require the boat's bow to

emerge in the opposite direction (pointing to the right), then you must

enter forwards, and must back between _B_ and _C_, so as to be ready,

after passing _C_, to drive forward, and to the right. It is plain that

this is very much more difficult than the former case, for your backing

now has to be done against the full stream from the breaker _B_.

In all these instances the action of the wind has been entirely omitted

from consideration, but it must not be forgotten that a strong breeze

materially complicates the problem before the canoist. This is

especially so when the wind is aft; when it is ahead you are not likely

to forget its presence. A strong fair wind (that has scarcely been felt

with your back to it) and the swift stream and the boat's speed from

paddling being all in one direction, the breeze will suddenly become a

new element in the case when you try to cross above a rock as in fig. 1,

and find the wind carries you broadside on against all your

calculations.

Nor have I any observations to make as to sailing among rocks in a

current. The canoe must be directed solely by the paddle in a long

rapid, and in the other places the course to be steered by a boat

sailing is the same as if it were being merely paddled, though the

action of the wind has to be carefully taken into consideration.

In all these things boldness and skill come only after lessons of

experience, and the canoist will find himself ready and able, at the end

of his voyage, to sail down a rapid which he would have approached

timidly, even with the paddle, at the beginning.

But perhaps enough has been said for the experienced oarsman, while

surely more than enough has been said to shew the tyro aspirant what

varied work he has to do, and how interesting are the circumstances that

will occupy his attention on a delightful river tour.

NOTE ON THE "KENT."--The narrative of a shipwreck referred to at page

219 has been published 40 years ago, and in many foreign languages, but

its circulation is very large at the present time. The following letter

about one of the incidents related in the little book, appeared in the

"Times" of March 22, 1866:--

"LETTERS FROM THE DEEP.

"_To the Editor of the 'Times.'_

"Sir,--As attention has been drawn to the letters written on

board the ship London, and washed ashore, it may be interesting

to notice the following remarkable incident respecting a letter

from another ship wrecked in the Bay of Biscay. In March, 1825,

the Kent, East Indiaman, took fire in the Bay of Biscay during

a storm while 641 persons were on board, most of them soldiers

of the 31st Regiment. When all hope was gone, and before a

little vessel was seen which ultimately saved more than 500

people from the Kent, Major ---- wrote a few lines and enclosed

the paper in a bottle, which was left in the cabin. Nineteen

months after this the writer of the paper arrived in the island

of Barbadoes, in command of another Regiment, and he was amazed

to find that the bottle (cast into the sea by the explosion

that destroyed the Kent) had been washed ashore on that very

island. The paper, with its faint pencil lines expressing

Christian faith, is still preserved; and this account of it can

be authenticated by those who were saved.

"I am, your obedient servant,

"ONE OF THEM."

The bottle, after its long immersion, was thickly covered with weeds and

barnacles. The following are the words of the "Letter from the Deep,"

which it contained:--

"The ship the Kent, Indiaman, is on fire--Elizabeth Joanna and

myself commit our spirits into the hands of our blessed

Redeemer--His grace enables us to be quite composed in the

awful prospect of entering eternity.

"D. M'GREGOR.

"_1st March, 1825, Bay of Biscay._"

The writer of that letter lives now with blessings on his venerable

head, while he who records it anew is humbly grateful to God for his own

preservation. And may we not say of every one who reads such words,

written in such an hour, that his life would be unspeakably happy if he

could lay hold now of so firm a Surety, and be certain to keep fast hold

to the end?

The following notes are on miscellaneous points:--

(_a_) We are sometimes asked about such a canoe voyage as this, "Is it

not very dangerous?"

There seems to me to be no necessary danger in the descent of a river in

a canoe; but if you desire to make it as safe as possible you must get

out at each difficult place and examine the course, and if the course is

too difficult you may take the boat past the danger by land.

On the other hand, if the excitement and novelty of finding out a course

on the spur of the moment is to be enjoyed, then, no doubt, there is

more danger to the boat.

As for danger to the canoist, it is supposed, _imprimis_, that he is

well able to swim, not only in a bath when stripped, but when

unexpectedly thrown into the water with his clothes on, and that he

_knows_ he can rely on this capacity.

If this be so, the chief danger to him occurs when he meets a steamer on

rough water (rare enough on such a tour); for if his boat is upset by

that, and his head is broken by the paddle floats, the swimming powers

are futile for safety.

The danger incurred by the boat is certainly both considerable and

frequent, but nothing short of the persuasion that the boat would be

smashed if a great exertion is not made will incite the canoist to those

very exertions which are the charm of travelling, when spirit, strength,

and skill are to be proved. Men have their various lines of exercise as

they have of duty. The huntsman may not understand the pleasures of a

rapid, nor the boatman care for the delights of a "bullfinch."

Certainly, however, the waterman can say that a good horse may carry a

bad rider well, but that the best boat will not take a bad boatman

through a mile of broken water. In each case there is, perhaps, a little

of _populus me sibilat_, and it may possibly be made up for by a good

deal of _at mihi plaudo_.

(_b_) It has been said that the constant use of a canoe paddle must

contract the chest, but this is certainly a mistake. If, indeed, you

merely dabble each blade of the paddle in the water without taking the

full length of the stroke the shoulders are not thrown back, and the

effect will be injurious; but exactly the same is true if you scull or

row with a short jerky stroke.

In a proper use of the paddle the arms ought to be in turn fully

extended, and then brought well back, so that the hand touches the side,

and the chest is then well plied in both directions.

In using the single-bladed paddle, of which I have had experience in

Canada and New Brunswick with the Indians in bark canoes and log canoes,

there seems to be a less beneficial action on the pectoral muscles, but

after three months' use of the double paddle I found the arms much

strengthened, while clothes that fitted before were all too narrow round

the chest when put on after this exercise.

(_c_) In shallow water the paddle should be clasped lightly, so that if

it strikes the bottom or a rock the hand will yield and not the blade be

broken.

Great caution should be used when placing the blade in advance to meet a

rock, or even a gravel bank, otherwise it gets jammed in the rock or

gravel, or the boat overrides it.

It is better in such a case to retard the speed rather by dragging the

paddle (tenderly), and always with its flat side downwards, so that the

edge does not get nipped.

(_d_) M. Farcôt, a French engineer, has lately exhibited on the Thames a

boat which is rowed by the oarsman sitting with his face to the bow, who

by this means secures one of the advantages of the canoe--that of seeing

where you are going.

To effect this, a short prop or mast about three feet high is fixed in

the boat, and the two sculls are jointed to it by their handles, while

their weight is partly sustained by a strong spiral spring acting near

the joint, and in such a manner as to keep the blade of the scull a few

inches from the surface of the water when it is not pressed down

purposely.

The sculler then sits with his face towards the mast and the bow, and he

holds in each hand a rod jointed to the loom of the corresponding scull.

By this means each scull is moved on the mast as a fulcrum with the

power applied between that and the water. The operation of feathering is

partially performed, and to facilitate this there is an ingeniously

contrived guide.

This invention appears to be new, but it is evident that the plan

retains many of the disadvantages of common sculls, and it leaves the

double paddle quite alone as a simple means for propelling a canoe in

narrow or tortuous channels, or where it has to meet waves, weeds,

rocks, or trees, and moreover has to sail.

However, the muscular power of the arms can be applied with good effect

in this new manner, and I found it not very difficult to learn the use

of this French rowing apparatus, which is undoubtedly very ingenious,

and deserves a full trial before a verdict is pronounced.

(_e_) In a difficult place where the boat is evidently going too near a

rock, the disposition of the canoist is to change the direction by a

_forward_ stroke on one side, but this adds to the force with which a

collision may be invested. It is often better to _back_ a stroke on the

other side, and thus to lessen this force; and this is nearly always

possible to be done even when the boat appears to be simply drifting on

the stream. In fact, as a maxim, there is always steerage way sufficient

to enable the paddle to be used exactly as a rudder.

(_f_) When there is a brilliant glare of the sun, and it is low, and

directly in front, and it is impossible to bear its reflection on the

water, a good plan is to direct the bow to some point you are to steer

for, and then observe the reflection of the sun on the cedar deck of the

boat. Having done this you may lower the peak of your hat so as to cut

off the direct rays of the sun, and its reflected rays on the water,

while you steer simply by the light on the deck.

(_g_) When a great current moves across a river to a point where it

seems very unlikely to have an exit, you may be certain that some

unusual conformation of the banks or of the river bed will be found

there, and caution should be used in approaching the place. This,

however, is less necessary when the river is deep. Such cross currents

are frequent on the Rhine, but they result merely from unevenness in the

bottom far below, and thus we see how the rapids, most dangerous when

the river is low, become quite agreeable and safe in high flood time.

(_h_) The ripple and bubbles among weeds are so totally different from

those on free water that their appearance at a distance as a criterion

of the depth, current, and direction of the channel must be learned

separately. In general, where weeds are under water, and can sway or

wave about, there will be water enough to pass--the requisite 3 inches.

Backing up stream against long weeds is so troublesome, and so sure to

sway the stern round athwart stream, that it is best to force the boat

forward instead, even if you have to get out and pull her through.

(_i_) Paddling through rushes, or flags, or other plants above the

water, so as to cut off a corner, is a mistake. Much more "way" is lost

then by the friction than might be supposed.

(_j_) I noticed a very curious boat-bridge across the Rhine below Basle.

It seemed to open wide without swinging, and on coming close to it the

plan was found to be this. The boats of one half of the bridge were

drawn towards the shore, and a stage connecting them ran on wheels along

rails inwards from the river, and up an incline on the bank. This system

is ingenious, convenient, and philosophical.

(_k_) Double-hulled boats have often been tried for sailing, but their

disadvantages are manifest when the craft is on a large scale, though

for toy-boats they answer admirably, and they are now quite fashionable

on the Serpentine.

The double boat of the nautical tinman on the Rhine, before described,

was a "fond conceit." But there are many double-hulled boats on French

rivers, and they have this sole recommendation, that you sit high up,

and so can fish without fearing you may "turn the turtle."

When the two hulls are reduced as much as possible, this sort of boat

becomes an aquatic "walking machine," for one foot then rests on each

hull. Propulsion is obtained either by linking the hulls together with

parallel bars moving on studs, while vanes are on each side, so as to

act like fins, and to collapse for the alternate forward stroke of each

foot bound to its hull--or a square paddle, or a pole works on the water

or on the bottom. I have always noticed that the proprietors of such

craft are ingenious, obstinate men, proud of their peculiar mode, and

very touchy when it is criticised. However, it is usually best, and it

is fortunately always easy, to paddle away from them.

(_l_) The hard exercise of canoe paddling, the open-air motion, constant

working of the muscles about the stomach, and free perspiration result

in good appetite and pleasant sleepiness at night. But at the end of the

voyage the change of diet and cessation of exercise will be apt to cause

derangement in the whole system, and especially in the digestion, if the

high condition or "training" be not cautiously lowered into the humdrum

"constitutionals" of more ordinary life. Still I have found it very

agreeable to take a paddle in the Rob Roy up to Hammersmith and back

even in December and March.

The last public occasion on which she appeared was on April 17, when the

captain offered her aid to the Chief Constructor of the Navy in the

effort of the Admiralty to launch the ironclad Northumberland. The offer

was eagerly accepted, and the launch was accordingly successful.

The Rob Roy has since departed for a voyage to Norway and Iceland in the

schooner yacht Sappho, whose young owner, Mr. W. F. Lawton, has

promised "to be kind to her." It is intended that a new Rob Roy should

make a voyage next summer with another canoe called the "Robin Hood."

(_m_) Other pleasant voyages may be suggested for the holiday of the

canoist. One of these might begin with the Thames, and then down the

Severn, along the north coast of Devon, and so by the river Dart to

Plymouth. Another on the Solent, and round the Isle of Wight. The Dee

might be descended by the canoe, and then to the left through the Menai

Straits. Or a longer trip may be made through the Cumberland lakes by

Windermere and the Derwent, or from Edinburgh by the Forth, into the

Clyde, and through the Kyles of Bute to Oban; then along the Caledonian

Canal, until the voyager can get into the Tay for a swift run eastward.

But why not begin at Gothenburg and pass through the pretty lakes of

Sweden to Stockholm, and then skirt the lovely archipelago of green

isles in the Gulf of Bothnia, until you get to Petersburg?

For one or other of such tours a fishing-rod and an air rifle, and for

all of them a little dog, would be a great addition to the outfit.

In some breezy lake of these perhaps, or on some rushing river, the

little Rob Roy may hope to meet the reader's canoe; and when the sun is

setting, and the wavelets ripple sleepily, the pleasures of the paddle

will be known far better than they have been told by the pen.

C. A. Macintosh, Printer, Great New-street, London.

_Milton House, Ludgate Hill,

April, 1866._

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[_February 1, 1866._

NEW ILLUSTRATED WORKS.

THE GREAT SCHOOLS OF ENGLAND. A History of the Foundation, Endowments,

and Discipline of the chief Seminaries of Learning in England; including

Eton, Winchester, Westminster, St. Paul's, Charterhouse, Merchant

Taylors', Harrow, Rugby, Shrewsbury, &c; with notices of distinguished

Scholars. By Howard Staunton, Esq. With numerous Illustrations. One

volume 8vo., handsomely bound in cloth, price 12_s._

"_The book is as full of solid matter as of gossiping narrative

and pleasant anecdote. As a handbook to our great schools Mr.

Staunton's volume will have a wide class of

readers._"--Athenæum.

"_Cannot fail to be interesting to all fathers and mothers, and

it appeals to the sympathies of everyone who has been a boy,

and has been educated at a public school. Good store of

anecdote, amusing and pathetic, has been provided; and the

exquisite letters written to the famous poet, soldier, and

gentleman, Sir Philip Sydney, by his father and mother, when

the future 'Scipio, Cicero, and Petrarch of his time' was a boy

at Shrewsbury, are wonderfully moving, and worthy of the

attention of every father, every mother, and every

son._"--Illustrated London News.

"_The work is so full of practical information on the details

of school life at these great foundations that it may be

regarded as a guide book to all who contemplate sending their

sons thither. For all such the volume must have a solid value,

as enabling them to compare the several systems prevailing at

different places, and to determine beforehand which offers the

greatest advantages. The subject, however, is interesting to

all intelligent Englishmen, and the book has, therefore, a

general attraction beyond the circle which it specially

addresses._"--London Review.

The Pleasures of Memory. By Samuel Rogers. Illustrated with Twenty

Designs, forming a volume of "Cundall's Choice of Choice Books." Small

4to. price 5_s._

The Divine and Moral Songs of Dr. Watts: a New and very choice Edition.

Illustrated with One Hundred Woodcuts in the first style of the Art,

from Original Designs by Eminent Artists; engraved by J. D. Cooper.

Small 4to. cloth extra, price 7_s._ 6_d._

Pictures of Society, Grave and Gay; comprising One Hundred Engravings on

Wood, from the Pictures of Eminent Artists; including J. E. Millais,

A.R.A., F. W. Pickersgill, R.A., C. W. Cope, R.A., J. D. Watson, George

Thomas, Marcus Stone, &c. Illustrated by the Pens of Popular Authors;

including Mrs. S. C. Hall, E. K. Harvey, Barry Cornwall, Tom Hood,

Edward Levein, Noel Jones, Cuthbert Bede, J. H. Friswell, Walter

Thornbury, &c. Beautifully printed by Messrs. Dalziel Brothers.

Handsomely bound in cloth, with an elaborate and novel Design, by

Messrs. Leighton and Co. Royal 8vo. price One Guinea.

The Twenty-Third Psalm: with richly-coloured Emblematic Borders. Small

4to. bevelled boards, price 12_s._

The Three Kings of Orient: a Christmas Carol. Illuminated. Small 4to.

Bevelled boards, price 12_s._

Christ was Born on Christmas Day: a Carol. With Illustrations by John A.

Hows. Illustrated and illuminated. Small 4to. bevelled boards, price

12_s._

An Entirely New Edition of Edgar A. Poe's Poems. Illustrated by Eminent

Artists. Small 4to. cloth extra, price 10_s._ 6_d._

Poems of the Inner Life. Selected chiefly from Modern Authors, by

permission. Small 8vo. 6_s._ Choicely printed.

A History of Lace, from the Earliest Period; with upwards of One Hundred

Illustrations and Coloured Designs. By Mrs. Bury Palliser. One volume,

8vo. choicely bound in cloth. 31_s._ 6_d._

Pictures of English Life; illustrated by Ten folio page Illustrations on

wood, by J. D. Cooper, after Drawings by R. Barnes and E. M. Whimperis,

with appropriate descriptive Poems, printed in floreated borders.

Imperial folio, cloth extra, 14_s._

"_This handsome volume is entirely in the English

taste._"--Spectator.

"_Pictures that do you good to look at them._"--Illustrated

Times.

"_An elegant volume, containing speaking pictures that might

have owned the parentage of Gainsborough or Morland; thoroughly

national in character and detail._"--Reader.

Pictures for the People: the same Engravings beautifully printed on

thick paper. Adapted by their price to the adornment of Cottage walls,

and by their artistic beauty to the Drawing-room Portfolio. One Shilling

each.

Favourite English Poems. _Complete Edition._ Comprising a Collection of

the most celebrated Poems in the English Language, with but one or two

exceptions unabridged, from Chaucer to Tennyson. With 300 Illustrations

by the first Artists. Two vols. royal 8vo. half bound, top gilt,

Roxburgh style, 1_l._ 18_s._; antique calf, 3_l._ 3_s._

** Either Volume sold separately as distinct works. 1. "Early

English Poems, Chaucer to Dyer." 2. "Favourite English Poems, Thomson to

Tennyson." Each handsomely bound in cloth, 1_l._ 1_s._; or morocco

extra, 1_l._ 15_s._

"_One of the choicest gift-books of the year. "Favourite

English Poems" is not a toy book, to be laid for a week on the

Christmas table and then thrown aside with the sparkling

trifles of the Christmas tree, but an honest book, to be

admired in the season of pleasant remembrances for its artistic

beauty; and, when the holydays are over, to be placed for

frequent and affectionate consultation on a favourite

shelf._"--Athenæum.

Schiller's Lay of the Bell. Sir E. Bulwer Lytton's translation;

beautifully illustrated by forty-two wood Engravings, drawn by Thomas

Scott, and engraved by J. D. Cooper, after the Etchings by Retszch.

Oblong 4to. cloth extra, 14_s._

"_A very elegant and classic Christmas present._"--Guardian.

"_The work is a standard picture-book, and of its success there

can be no doubt._"--Examiner.

The Poetry of Nature. Selected and Illustrated with Thirty-six

Engravings by Harrison Weir. Small 4to. handsomely bound in cloth, gilt

edges, 12_s._; morocco, 1_l._ 1_s._

A New Edition of Choice Editions of Choice Books. Illustrated by C. W.

Cope, R.A., T. Creswick, R.A., Edward Duncan, Birket Foster, J. C.

Horsley, A.R.A., George Hicks, R. Redgrave, R.A., C. Stonehouse, F.

Tayler, George Thomas, H. J. Townshend, E. H. Wehnert, Harrison Weir,

&c. Crown 8vo. cloth, 5_s._ each; bevelled boards, 5_s._ 6_d._; or, in

morocco, gilt edges, 10_s._ 6_d._

Bloomfield's Farmer's Boy.

Campbell's Pleasures of Hope.

Cundall's Elizabethan Poetry.

Coleridge's Ancient Mariner.

Goldsmith's Deserted Village.

Goldsmith's Vicar of Wakefield.

Gray's Elegy in a Churchyard.

Keat's Eve of St. Agnes.

Milton's l'Allegro.

Roger's Pleasures of Memory.

Shakespeare's Songs and Sonnets.

Tennyson's May Queen.

Wordsworth's Pastoral Poems.

"_Such works are a glorious beatification for a poet. Such

works as these educate townsmen, who, surrounded by dead and

artificial things, as country people are by life and nature,

scarcely learn to look at nature till taught by these

concentrated specimens of her beauty._"--Athenæum.

LITERATURE, WORKS OF REFERENCE, AND EDUCATION.

THE English Catalogue of Books: giving the date of publication of every

book published from 1835 to 1863, in addition to the title, size, price,

and publisher, in one alphabet. An entirely new work, combining the

Copyrights of the "London Catalogue" and the "British Catalogue." One

thick volume of 900 pages, half morocco, 45_s._

Like unto Christ. A new translation of the De Imitatione Christi,

usually ascribed to Thomas à Kempis--forming a volume of _The Gentle

Life_ Series. Small post 8vo. 6_s._

The Gentle Life: Essays in Aid of the Formation of Character of

Gentlemen and Gentlewomen. Small post 8vo. Seventh Edition, 6_s._

A Second Volume of the Gentle Life. Uniform with the First Series.

Second Edition, 6_s._

About in the World: Essays uniform with, and by the author of "The

Gentle Life." Small post 8vo. 6_s._

Essays by Montaigne. With Vignette Portrait. Small post 8vo. 6_s._

Familiar Words; an Index Verborum, or Dictionary of Quotation of

Sentences and Phrases which have become embedded in our English tongue.

Second Edition, revised and enlarged. Post 8vo.

[_Shortly._

"_Not only the most extensive dictionary of quotations which we

have yet met with, but it has, moreover, this additional merit,

that in all cases an exact reference is given to every chapter,

act, scene, book, and number of the line._"--Notes and Queries.

The Complete Poetical Works of John Milton, with a Life of the Author:

and a Verbal Index containing upwards of 20,000 references to all the

Poems. By Charles Dexter Cleveland. New Edition. 8vo. 12_s._; morocco,

21_s._

Life Portraits of Shakspeare; with an Examination of the Authenticity,

and a History of the various Representations of the Poet. By J. H.

Friswell, Member of the National Shakspeare Committee. Illustrated by

Photographs of authentic and received Portraits. Square 8vo. 21_s._; or

with Photograph of the Will, 25_s._

Memoirs of the Life of William Shakespeare. With an Essay toward the

Expression of his Genius, and an Account of the Rise and Progress of the

English Drama. By Richard Grant White. Post 8vo. cloth, 10_s._ 6_d._

Her Majesty's Mails: a History of the Post Office, and an Industrial

Account of its Present Condition. By Wm. Lewins, of the General Post

Office. 2nd edition, revised, and enlarged, with a Photographic Portrait

of Sir Rowland Hill. Small post 8vo. 6_s._

"_A book we strongly recommend to those who wish to be fully

informed on the subject, as an interesting and generally

accurate account of the history and working of the Post

Office._"--Edinburgh Review.

"_Will take its stand as a really useful book of reference on

the history of the Post. We heartily recommend it as a

thoroughly careful performance._"--Saturday Review.

A History of Banks for Savings; including a full account of the origin

and progress of Mr. Gladstone's recent prudential measures. By William

Lewins, Author of 'Her Majesty's Mails.' With a Photograph of the

Chancellor of the Exchequer. 8vo. cloth.

Varia: Rare Readings from Scarce Books. Reprinted by permission from the

_Saturday Review_ and _Spectator_. Beautifully printed by Whittingham.

Fcap. cloth.

The Origin and History of the English Language, and of the early

literature it embodies. By the Hon. George P. Marsh, U. S. Minister at

Turin, Author of "Lectures on the English Language." 8vo. cloth extra,

16_s._

Lectures on the English Language; forming the Introductory Series to the

foregoing Work. By the same Author. 8vo. Cloth, 16_s._ This is the only

author's edition.

Man and Nature; or, Physical Geography as Modified by Human Action. By

George P. Marsh, Author of "Lectures on the English Language," &c. 8vo.

cloth, 14_s._

"_Mr. Marsh traces the history of human industry as shown in

the extensive modification and extirpation of animal and

vegetable life in the woods, the waters, and the sands; and, in

a concluding chapter, he discusses the probable and possible

geographical changes yet to be wrought. The whole of Mr.

Marsh's book is an eloquent showing of the duty of care in the

establishment of harmony between man's life and the forces of

nature, so as to bring to their highest points the fertility of

the soil, the vigour of the animal life, and the salubrity of

the climate, on which we have to depend for the physical

well-being of mankind._"--Examiner.

English and Scotch Ballads, &c. An extensive Collection. Designed as a

Complement to the Works of the British Poets, and embracing nearly all

the Ancient and Traditionary Ballads both of England and Scotland, in

all the important varieties of form in which they are extant, with

Notices of the kindred Ballads of other Nations. Edited by F. J. Child,

new Edition, revised by the Editor. 8 vols. fcap. cloth, 3_s._ 6_d._

each.

The Handy-book of Patent and Copyright Law, English and Foreign. By

James Fraser, Esq. Post 8vo. cloth, 4_s._ 6_d._

A Concise Summary of the Law of English and French Copyright Law and

International Law, by Peter Burke. 12mo. 5_s._

Index to the Subjects of Books published in the United Kingdom during

the last Twenty Years--1837-1857. Containing as many as 74,000

references under subjects, so as to ensure immediate reference to the

books on the subject required, each giving title, price, publisher, and

date. Two valuable Appendices are also given--A, containing full lists

of all Libraries, Collections, Series, and Miscellanies--and B, a List

of Literary Societies, Printing Societies, and their Issues. One vol.

royal 8vo. Morocco, 1_l._ 6_s._

The American Catalogue, or English Guide to American Literature; giving

the full title of original Works published in the United States of

America since the year 1800, with especial reference to the works of

interest to Great Britain, with the size, price, place, date of

publication, and London prices. With comprehensive Index. 8vo. 2_s._

6_d._ Also Supplement, 1837-60. 8vo. 6_d._

Dr. Worcester's New and Greatly Enlarged Dictionary of the English

Language. Adapted for Library or College Reference, comprising 40,000

Words more than Johnson's Dictionary, and 250 pages more than the Quarto

Edition of Webster's Dictionary. In one Volume, royal 4to. cloth, 1,834

pp. price 31_s._ 6_d._ The Cheapest Book ever published.

"The volumes before us show a vast amount of diligence; but

with Webster it is diligence in combination with

fancifulness,--with Worcester in combination with good sense

and judgment. Worcester's is the soberer and safer book, and

may be pronounced the best existing English

Lexicon."--_Athenæum_, July 13, 1861.

The Publishers' Circular, and General Record of British and Foreign

Literature; giving a transcript of the title-page of every work

published in Great Britain, and every work of interest published abroad,

with lists of all the publishing houses.

Published regularly on the 1st and 15th of every Month, and forwarded

post free to all parts of the world on payment of 8_s._ per annum.

The Ladies' Reader: with some Plain and Simple Rules and Instructions

for a good style of Reading aloud, and a variety of Selections for

Exercise. By George Vandenhoff, M.A., Author of "The Art of Elocution."

Fcap. 8vo. Cloth, 5_s._

The Clerical Assistant: an Elocutionary Guide to the Reading of the

Scriptures and the Liturgy, several passages being marked for Pitch and

Emphasis: with some Observations on Clerical Bronchitus. By George

Vandenhoff, M.A. Fcap. 8vo. Cloth, 3_s._ 6_d._

The Art of Elocution as an essential part of Rhetoric, with instructions

in Gesture, and an Appendix of Oratorical, Poetical and Dramatic

extracts. By George Vandenhoff, M.A. Third Edition. 5_s._

Latin-English Lexicon, by Dr. Andrews. 7th Edition. 8vo. 18_s._

The superiority of this justly-famed Lexicon is retained over all others

by the fulness of its quotations, the including in the vocabulary proper

names, the distinguishing whether the derivative is classical or

otherwise, the exactness of the references to the original authors, and

in the price.

"_Every page bears the impress of industry and

care._"--Athenæum.

"_The best Latin Dictionary, whether for the scholar or

advanced student._"--Spectator.

"_We never saw such a book published at such a

price._"--Examiner.

The Farm and Fruit of Old. From Virgil. By a Market Gardener. 1_s._

Usque ad Coelum; or, the Dwellings of the People. By Thomas Hare,

Esq., Barrister-at-Law. Fcap. 1_s._

Domestic Servants, their Duties and Rights. By a Barrister. 1_s._

Signals of Distress, in Refuges and Houses of Charity; in Industrial

Schools and Reformatories; at Invalids' Dinner Tables, and in the Homes

of the Little Sisters of the Poor, &c. &c.; among the Fallen, the

Vicious, and the Criminal; where Missionaries travel, and where Good

Samaritans clothe the naked. By Blanchard Jerrold, Author of "The Life

of Douglas Jerrold," &c. Crown 8vo. 7_s._ 6_d._

The Children of Lutetia; or, Life amongst the Poor of Paris. By

Blanchard Jerrold. 2 vols, post 8vo. cloth, 16_s._

The Charities of London: an Account of the Origin, Operations, and

general Condition of the Charitable, Educational, and Religious

Institutions of London. With copious Index. Also an Alphabetical

Appendix corrected to May 1863. Fcap. cloth, 5_s._

** The latter also as a separate publication, forms "Low's

Shilling Guide to the Charities of London."

Prince Albert's Golden Precepts. _Second Edition_, with Photograph. A

Memorial of the Prince Consort; comprising Maxims and Extracts from

Addresses of His late Royal Highness. Many now for the first time

collected and carefully arranged. With an Index. Royal 16mo. beautifully

printed on toned paper, cloth, gilt edges, 2_s._ 6_d._

Our Little Ones in Heaven: Thoughts in Prose and Verse, selected from

the Writings of favourite Authors; with Frontispiece after Sir Joshua

Reynolds. Fcap. 8vo. cloth extra, 3_s._ 6_d._

NEW BOOKS FOR YOUNG PEOPLE.

THE GREAT FUN TOY BOOKS: a Series of Eight New One Shilling Story Books

for Young People. By Thomas Hood and Thomas Archer. Each illustrated by

Six of Edward Wehnert's well-known Great Fun Pictures. Printed in

colours, with an appropriate Cover by Charles Bennett.

The Cherry-coloured Cat and her Three Friends.

The Live Rocking-Horse.

Master Mischief and Miss Meddle.

Cousin Nellie's Stories after School.

Harry High-Stepper.

Grandmamma's Spectacles.

How the House was Built.

Dog Toby and Artistical Arthur.

The Frog's Parish Clerk; and his Adventures in strange Lands. A Tale for

young folk. By Thomas Archer. Numerous Illustrations. Small post 8vo.

5_s._

Choice Editions of Children's Fairy Tales. Each illustrated with

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Square, cloth extra, price 3_s._ 6_d._ each.

Cinderella and the Glass Slipper. Puss in Boots. Beauty and the

Beast.

Under the Waves; or the Hermit Crab in Society. By Annie E. Ridley.

Impl. 16mo. cloth extra, with coloured illustration. Cloth, 4_s._; gilt

edges, 4_s._ 6_d._

"_This is one of the best books we know of to place in the

hands of young and intelligent persons during a visit to the

seaside._"--Reader.

_Also beautifully Illustrated:--_

Little Bird Red and Little Bird Blue. Coloured, 5_s._

Snow-Flakes, and what they told the Children. Coloured, 5_s._

Child's Book of the Sagacity of Animals. 5_s._; coloured, 7_s._ 6_d._

Child's Picture Fable Book. 5_s._; or coloured, 7_s._ 6_d._

Child's Treasury of Story Books. 5_s._; or coloured, 7_s._ 6_d._

The Nursery Playmate. 200 Pictures. 5_s._; coloured, 9_s._

The Boy's Own Book of Boats. By W. H. G. Kingston. Illustrations by E.

Weedon, engraved by W. J. Linton. Fcap. 8vo. cloth, 5_s._

"_This well-written, well-wrought book._"--Athenæum.

How to Make Miniature Pumps and a Fire-Engine: a Book for Boys. With

Seven Illustrations. Fcap. 8vo. 1_s._

The Cruise of the Frolic. By W. H. G. Kingston. Illustrated. Large fcap.

8vo. cloth, 5_s._

"_Who does not welcome Mr. W. H. G. Kingston? Here he is again

with an admirable boys' book. If boys do not love this book,

there is no truth in boyhood, and no use in reviewing; it is

just the book for a present._"--Illustrated Times.

_Also by the same Author, well illustrated,_

The Boy's Own Book of Boats. Illustrated by Weedon. 5_s._

Ernest Bracebridge; or, the Boy's Book of Sports. 5_s._

Jack Buntline: the Life of a Sailor Boy. 2_s._

The Fire Ships.

[_Shortly._

Golden Hair; a Story for Young People. By Sir Lascelles Wraxall, Bart.

With Eight full page Illustrations, 5_s._

"_Full of incident and adventure, and sure to please boys home

from school quite as much as his 'Black Panther' of last

year._"--Reader.

"_A thoroughly good boy's book; the story is full of incident

and always moves on._"--Spectator.

_Also, same price, full of Illustrations:--_

Black Panther: a Boy's Adventures among the Red Skins.

Life among the Indians. By George Catlin.

The Voyage of the Constance. By Mary Gillies.

Stanton Grange. By the Rev. C. J. Atkinson.

Boyhood of Martin Luther. By Henry Mayhew.

Stories of the Woods. From Cooper's Tales.

The Story of Peter Parley's own Life.

Noodle-doo. By the Author of "The Stories that Little Breeches told."

With 16 large Engravings on Steel. Plain, 5_s._; coloured, 7_s._ 6_d._

"_Among all the Christmas bookmen Mr. Charles Bennett ranks

first, for he who best pleases children has the best right to

priority in a notice of Christmas books, and to all his

productions we venture to prefer 'Noodle-doo;' it will make the

youngsters crow again with delight._"--Standard.

_Also, now ready, same size and price, and full of Illustrations._

Great Fun for our Little Friends. By Harriet Myrtle.

More Fun for our Little Friends. By the same Author.

The Book of Blockheads. By Charles Bennett.

The Stories that Little Breeches told. By the same Author.

Mr. Wind and Madame Rain. Illustrated by Charles Bennett.

Paul Duncan's Little by Little; a Tale for Boys. Edited by Frank

Freeman. With an Illustration by Charles Keene. Fcap. 8vo. cloth 2_s._;

gilt edges, 2_s._ 6_d._ Also, same price,

Boy Missionary; a Tale for Young People. By Mrs. J. M. Parker.

Difficulties Overcome. By Miss Brightwell.

The Babes in the Basket: a Tale in the West Indian Insurrection.

Jack Buntline; the Life of a Sailor Boy. By W. H. G. Kingston.

The Swiss Family Robinson; or, the Adventures of a Father and Mother and

Four Sons on a Desert Island. With Explanatory Notes and Illustrations.

First and Second Series. New Edition, complete in one volume, 3_s._

6_d._

Geography for my Children. By Mrs. Harriet Beecher Stowe. Author of

"Uncle Tom's Cabin," &c. Arranged and Edited by an English Lady, under

the Direction of the Authoress. With upwards of Fifty Illustrations.

Cloth extra, 4_s._ 6_d._

Stories of the Woods; or, the Adventures of Leather-Stocking: A Book for

Boys, compiled from Cooper's Series of "Leather-Stocking Tales." Fcap.

cloth, Illustrated, 5_s._

"_I have to own that I think the heroes of another writer, viz.

'Leather-Stocking,' 'Uncas,' 'Hard Heart,' 'Tom Coffin,' are

quite the equals of Sir Walter Scott's men;--perhaps

'Leather-Stocking' is better than any one in Scott's lot._"--W.

M. THACKERAY.

Child's Play. Illustrated with Sixteen Coloured Drawings by E. V. B.,

printed in fac-simile by W. Dickes' process, and ornamented with Initial

Letters. New edition, with India paper tints, royal 8vo. cloth extra,

bevelled cloth, 7_s._ 6_d._ The Original Edition of this work was

published at One Guinea.

Child's Delight. Forty-two Songs for the Little Ones, with forty-two

Pictures. 1_s._; coloured, 2_s._ 6_d._

Goody Platts, and her Two Cats. By Thomas Miller. Fcap. 8vo. cloth,

1_s._

Little Blue Hood: a Story for Little People. By Thomas Miller, with

coloured frontispiece. Fcap. 8vo. cloth, 2_s._ 6_d._

Mark Willson's First Reader. By the Author of "The Picture Alphabet" and

"The Picture Primer." With 120 Pictures. 1_s._

The Picture Alphabet; or Child's First Letter Book. With new and

original Designs. 6_d._

The Picture Primer. 6_d._

HISTORY AND BIOGRAPHY.

The Conspiracy of Count Fieschi: an Episode in Italian History. By M. De

Celesia. Translated by David Hilton, Esq., Author of a "History of

Brigandage." With Portrait. 8vo.

[_Shortly._

A Biography of Admiral Sir B. P. V. Broke, Bart., K.C.B. By the Rev.

John Brighton, Rector of Kent Town. Dedicated by express permission to

His Royal Highness Prince Alfred.

[_Shortly._

A History of Brigandage in Italy; with Adventures of the more celebrated

Brigands. By David Hilton, Esq. 2 vols, post 8vo. cloth, 16_s._

A History of the Gipsies, with Specimens of the Gipsy Language. By

Walter Simson. Post 8vo.

A History of West Point, the United States Military Academy and its

Military Importance. By Capt. E. C. Boynton, A. M. With Plans and

Illustrations. 8vo. 21_s._

The Twelve Great Battles of England, from Hastings to Waterloo. With

Plans, fcap. 8vo. cloth extra, 3_s._ 6_d._

George Washington's Life, by Washington Irving. 5 vols. royal 8vo.

12_s._ each Library Illustrated Edition. 5 vols. Imp. 8vo. 4_l._ 4_s._

Plutarch's Lives. An entirely new Library Edition, carefully revised and

corrected, with some Original Translations by the Editor. Edited by A.

H. Clough, Esq. sometime Fellow of Oriel College, Oxford, and late

Professor of English Language and Literature at University College. 5

vols. 8vo. cloth. 2_l._ 10_s._

"_Mr. Clough's work is worthy of all praise, and we hope that

it will tend to revive the study of Plutarch._"--Times.

Life of John Adams, 2nd President of the United States, by C. F. Adams.

8vo. 14_s._ Life and Works complete, 10 vols. 14_s._ each.

Life and Administration of Abraham Lincoln. Fcap. 8vo. stiff cover,

1_s._; with map, speeches, &c. crown 8vo. 3_s._ 6_d._

TRAVEL AND ADVENTURE.

A Walk from London to the Land's End. By Elihu Burritt, Author of "A

Walk from London to John O'Groats:" with several Illustrations. Large

post 8vo. Uniform with the first edition of "John O'Groats." 12_s._

A Walk from London to John O'Groats. With Notes by the Way. By Elihu

Burritt. Second and cheaper edition. With Photographic Portrait of the

Author. Small post 8vo. 6_s._

Social Life of the Chinese: with some account of their religious,

governmental, educational, and Business customs and opinions. By the

Rev. Justus Doolittle. With over 100 Illustrations, in two vols. Demy

8vo. cloth, 24_s._

A Thousand Miles in the Rob Roy Canoe, or Rivers and Lakes of Europe. By

John Macgregor, M.A. With numerous Illustrations. Post 8vo. cloth, 5_s._

Captain Hall's Life with the Esquimaux. New and cheaper Edition, with

Coloured Engravings and upwards of 100 Woodcuts. With a Map. Price 7_s._

6_d._ cloth extra. Forming the cheapest and most popular Edition of a

work on Arctic Life and Exploration ever published.

"_This is a very remarkable book, and unless we very much

misunderstand both him and his book, the author is one of those

men of whom great nations do well to be proud._"--Spectator.

"_If Capt. Hall should survive the perils of the journey on

which he is now engaged, we are convinced he will bring home

some news, be it good or bad, about the Franklin expedition. He

can hardly be expected back before the autumn of 1866. But if

he has gone he has left us his vastly entertaining volumes,

which contain much valuable information, as we have said,

concerning the Esquimaux tribes. These volumes are the best

that we have ever met with, concerning the people and things to

be found among 'the thick ribb'd ice.'_"--Standard.

"_The pen of Wilkie Collins would fail to describe in more

life-like terms of horror the episode of the cannibal crew

escaped from a whaler who boarded the 'George Henry' on the

outward passage of that ship. We are tempted to relate how an

Innuit throws a summersault in the water in his_ kyack, _boat

and all, and to introduce our readers to our Author's dogs,

including the famous Barbekerk; but we must pause, and refer to

this most interesting work itself, which will repay

perusal._"--Press.

A Winter in Algeria, 1863-4. By Mrs. George Albert Rogers. With

illustrations. 8vo. cloth, 12_s._

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* * * * *

Transcribers Notes:

Some minor obvious typographical errors have been corrected

silently.

Footnotes and illustrations have been moved to underneath the

paragraph they refer to so as to not disrupt the flow of the

text.

Inconsistent hyphenation left as printed.

The phrase "a hotel" and "an hotel" have been left as printed.

Changes made are denoted by [square brackets]:

Pg. 176: "in an unpronouncable[unpronounceable] German"

Pg. 298: "waterproof helmet[added comma] ventilated cap,"