_Letter-Ladles_ differ nothing from other common _Ladles_, save in the
size: Yet I have given you a Draft of one in Plate 20 at A. Of these
the _Caster_ has many at Hand, and many of several sizes that he may
successively chuse one to fit the several sizes of _Letters_ he has to
_Cast_; as well in _Bodies_ as in _Thicknesses_.
§. XIX. ¶. 1. _Of_ Casting, Breaking, Rubbing, Kerning, _and setting up
of_ Letters.
Before the _Caster_ begins to _Cast_ he must kindle his _Fire_ in the
_Furnance_, to _Melt_ the _Mettal_ in the _Pan_. Therefore he takes
the _Pan_ out of the Hole in the Stone, and there lays in _Coals_ and
kindles them. And when it is well kindled, he sets the _Pan_ in again,
and puts _Mettal_ into it to _Melt_. If it be a small _Bodyed-Letter_
he _Casts_, or a thin _Letter_ of Great _Bodies_, his _Mettal_ must
be very hot; nay, sometimes Red-hot to make the Letter _Come_. Then
having chose a _Ladle_ that will hold about so much as the _Letter_ and
_Break_ is, he lays it at the _Stoking-hole_, where the Flame bursts
out to heat. Then he ties a thin Leather cut into such a Figure as is
described in Plate 20 at B with its narrow end against the _Face_ to
the _Leather-Groove_ of the _Matrice_, by whipping a Brown Thread twice
about the _Leather-Groove_, and fastning the Thread with a Knot. Then
he puts both Halves of the _Mold_ together, and puts the _Matrice_
into the _Matrice Cheek_, and places the _Foot_ of the _Matrice_ on
the _Stool_ of the _Mold_, and the broad end of the _Leather_ upon the
_Wood_ of the upper half of the _Mold_, but not tight up, lest it might
hinder the _Foot_ of the _Matrice_ from _Sinking_ close down upon the
_Stool_ in a train of Work. Then laying a little Rosin on the upper
_Wood_ of the _Mold_, and having his _Casting Ladle_ hot, he with the
bolling side of it Melts the Rosin; And when it is yet _Melted_ presses
the broad end of the _Leather_ hard down on the _Wood_, and so fastens
it to the _Wood_. All this is Preparation.
Now he comes to _Casting_. Wherefore placing the under-half of the
_Mold_ in his left hand, with the _Hook_ or _Hag_ forward, he clutches
the ends of its _Wood_ between the lower part of the _Ball_ of his
Thumb and his three hind-Fingers. Then he lays the upper half the
_Mold_ upon the under-half, so as the _Male-Gages_ may fall into the
_Female-Gages_, and at the same time the _Foot_ of the _Matrice_ place
it self upon the _Stool_. And clasping his left-hand Thumb strong over
the upper half of the _Mold_, he nimbly catches hold of the _Bow_ or
_Spring_ with his right-hand Fingers at the top of it, and his Thumb
under it, and places the point of it against the middle of the _Notch_
in the back-side of the _Matrice_, pressing it as well forwards towards
the _Mold_, as downwards by the _Sholder_ of the _Notch_ close upon the
_Stool_, while at the same time with his hinder-Fingers as aforesaid,
he draws the under-half of the _Mold_ towards the _Ball_ of his Thumb,
and thrusts by the _Ball_ of his Thumb the upper part towards his
Fingers, that both the _Registers_ of the _Mold_ may press against
both sides of the _Matrice_, and his Thumb and Fingers press both
Halves of the _Mold_ close together.
Then he takes the Handle of his _Ladle_ in his right Hand, and with the
_Boll_ of it gives a stroak two or three outwards upon the _Surface_
of the _Melted Mettal_ to scum or clear it from the Film or Dust that
may swim upon it. Then takes up the _Ladle_ full of _Mettal_, and
having his _Mold_ as aforesaid in his left hand, he a little twists the
left-side of his _Body_ from the _Furnance_, and brings the _Geat_ of
his _Ladle_ (full of _Mettal_) to the _Mouth_ of the _Mold_, and twists
the upper part of his right-hand towards him to turn the _Mettal_
into it, while at the same moment of Time he Jilts the _Mold_ in his
left hand forwards to receive the _Mettal_ with a strong _Shake_ (as
it is call’d) not only into the _Bodies_ of the _Mold_, but while the
_Mettal_ is yet hot, running swift and strongly into the very _Face_
of the _Matrice_ to receive its perfect Form there, as well as in the
_Shanck_.
Then he takes the upper half of the _Mold_ off the under-half, by
placing his right-Hand Thumb on the end of the _Wood_ next his
left-Hand Thumb, and his two middle-Fingers at the other end of the
_Wood_, and finding the Letter and _Break_ lie in the under-Half of the
_Mold_ (as most commonly by reason of its weight it does) he throws or
tosses the Letter _Break_ and all upon a Sheet of Waste-Paper laid for
that purpose on the _Bench_ just a little beyond his left-hand, and
is then ready to _Cast_ another Letter as before, and also the whole
number that is to be _Cast_ with that _Matrice_.
But sometimes it happens that by a _Shake_, or too big a _Ladle_, the
Mettal may spill or slabber over the _Mouth_ of the upper Half of the
_Mold_, so that the spilt _Mettal_ sticking about the outsides of the
_Mouth_, may lift the Letter off the under-half of the _Mold_, and keep
it in the upper half. Therefore he with the point of the _Hag_ in the
Wood of the under-half of the _Mold_, picks at the hollow in the fore
part of the _Break_ made by the _Shaking_ out of the _Mettal_, and
draws _Break_ and _Letter_ both out. It sometimes sticks in the under
Half of the _Mold_ by the same cause, and then he uses the point of
the _Hag_ in the upper half of the _Mold_, to pick or hale it out, as
before.
It also sometimes sticks when any of the Joynts of the _Mold_ open
never so little, the _Mettal_ thus getting in between those Joynts: But
this fault is not to be indured, for before he can _Cast_ any more,
this fault must be mended.
But besides _Letters_, there is to be _Cast_ for a perfect _Fount_
(properly a Fund) _Spaces_ Thick and Thin, n _Quadrats_, m _Quadrats_
and _Quadrats_. These are not _Cast_ with _Matrices_ but with _Stops_
(as we may call them) Because when these are _Cast_ they are all
shorter than the _Shanck_ of the Letter, that they may not _Print_.
Therefore they take off the _Register_ of the under-Half _Mold_, and
fit a piece of _Plate-Brass_ about a _Brevier_ Thick and a _Brevier_
longer than to reach to the edge of the _Body_ in the place of the
_Register_, and drill a hole in this _Plate-Brass_ right against the
Hole in the _Carriage_ that the _Female-Screw_ lies in: This Hole
is made so wide that the _Male-Screw_ which screwed the _Register_
close to the _Carriage_ and _Body_ may enter in at it, and screw this
_Plate-Brass_ close to them, as it did the _Register_: Then they make a
mark with the point of a _Needle_ on the _Plate-Brass_ just against the
side of the Edge of the _Body_, and at this mark they double down the
end of the _Plate-Brass_ inwards to make a perfect _Square_ with the
_inside_ of the whole _Plate_. This doubling down is called the _Stop_
aforesaid, and must be made just so thick as they design the Thin or
Thick _Space_ to be, and must have its Upper and Under-Edges filed so
exactly to the _Body_, that it may lie close upon the Under-_Carriage_,
and just even so high as the upper-side of the _Body_. So that when the
Upper half of the _Mold_ is placed on the under-Half, and _Mettal Cast_
in at the _Mouth_ (as before) the _Mettal_ shall descend no deeper
between the two _Bodies_ then just to his _Stop_: You must note that
this _Stop_ must be filed exactly true as to _Body_ and _Thickness_:
For if it be never so little too big in _Body_, the _Carriage_ of the
_Mold_ will ride upon it and make the _Body_ of the _Space_ bigger. Or
if the _Body_ be never so little too little, the Hot _Mettal_ will run
beyond the _Stop_; both which Miscarriages in making the _Stop_, spoil
the _Space_.
If the _Space_ be too short, they File the end of the _Stop_ shorter.
This _Brevier_ thick _Plate_ will be thick enough for _Stops_ for the
Thin or Thick _Spaces_ of any Body though of _Great-Cannon_, and for
the n _Quadrat Stop_ of any Body under a _Great-Primmer_. And for the
m _Quadrat Stop_ of all to a _Brevier_ and all Bodies under it. But
for _Stops_ that require to be Thicker then a _Brevier_, instead of
doubling the _Stop_ inwards on the _Plate_, I _Solder_ on the inside
of that end of the _Plate_ a _Stop_ full big enough in Body, and big
enough in Thickness for the _Quadrat_ I intend to make, and afterwards
file and fit the _Stop_ exactly as before.
When they _Cast_ these _Spaces_ or _Quadrats_, this _Stop_ is always
screwed fast upon the _Carriage_ of the under-Half _Mold_ as aforesaid.
So that they only fit the upper half _Mold_ on the under, and _Cast_
their Number almost twice as quick as they do the Letters in _Matrices_.
It is generally observed by _Work-men_ as a Rule, That when they _Cast
Quadrats_ they _Cast_ them exactly to the Thickness of a set Number of
m’s or _Body_, _viz._ two m’s thick, three m’s thick, four m’s thick,
_&c._ And therefore the _Stops_ aforesaid must all be filed exactly
to their several intended thicknesses, The reason is, that when the
_Compositer_ Indents any Number of Lines, he may have _Quadrats_ so
exactly _Cast_ that he shall not need to _Justifie_ them either with
_Spaces_ or other helps.
¶. 2. _Some Rules and Circumstances to be observed in_ Casting.
1. If the Letter be a small _Body_, it requires a Harder _Shake_ than
a great _Body_ does: Or if it be a thin Letter though of a greater
_Body_, especially small _i_, being a thin Letter its Tittle will
hardly _Come_; So that sometimes the _Caster_ is forced to put a little
_Block-Tin_ into his Mettal, which makes the Mettal Thinner, and
consequently have a freer flux to the _Face_ of the _Matrice_.
2. He often examines the _Registers_ of the _Mold_, by often _Rubbing_
a _Cast_ Letter: For notwithstanding the _Registers_ were carefully
_Justified_ before, and hard screwed up; yet the constant thrusting
of both _Registers_ against the sides of the _Matrice_, may and often
do force them more or less to drive backwards. Or a fall of one half
or both Halfs of the _Mold_, may drive them backwards or forwards:
Therefore he examins, as I said, how they _Rub_, whether too Thick or
too Thin. And if he see Cause, mends the _Registers_, as I shew’d §. 5.
¶. 2.
Or if the _Matrice_ be _Botcht_, as I shew’d you §. 5. ¶. 3. then those
_Botches_ (being only so many fine points rising out of the Body of the
_Copper_ of the _Matrice_) may with so many reiterated pressures of the
_Registers_ against them, flatten more and more, and press towards the
Body of the _Matrice_, and consequently make the Letter Thinner: Which
if it do, this must be mended in the _Matrice_ by re-raising it to its
due Thickness.
3. He pretty often examins, as I shew’d in §. 5. ¶. 2. how the Letters
stand in _Line_: For when great Numbers are _Cast_ with one _Matrice_,
partly by pressing the point of the _Wyer_ against the _Bottom-Sholder_
of the _Notch_ in the back-side of the _Matrice_, and partly by
the softness of the matter of his _Matrice_ and hardness of the
_Iron-stool_, the _Foot_ of the _Matrice_ (if it wear not) may batter
so much as to put the Letter out of Line. This must be mended with a
_Botch_, _viz._ by knocking up the _Foot_ of the _Matrice_, as I shew’d
§. 5. ¶. 3.
A Workman will _Cast_ about four thousand of these Letters ordinarily
in one day.
¶. 3. _Of_ Breaking _off_ Letters.
_Breaking_ off is commonly Boys-work: It is only to _Break_ the _Break_
from the _Shanck_ of the _Letter_. All the care in it is, that he take
up the _Letter_ by its Thickness, not its _Body_ (unless its Thickness
be equal to its Body) with the fore-Finger and Thumb of his right Hand
as close to the _Break_ as he can, lest if when the _Break_ be between
the fore-Finger and Thumb of his left hand, the force of _Breaking_ off
the _Break_ should bow the _Shanck_ of the _Letter_.
¶. 4. _Of_ Rubbing _of_ Letters.
_Rubbing_ of _Letters_ is also most commonly Boys-work: But when they
do it, they provide _Finger-stalls_ for the two fore-Fingers of the
right-Hand: For else the Skin of their Fingers would quickly rub off
with the sharp greet of the Stone. These _Finger-stalls_ are made of
old _Ball-Leather_ or _Pelts_ that _Printers_ have done with: Then
having an heap of one sort of _Letters_ lying upon the Stone before
them, with the left hand they pick up the _Letter_ to be _Rub’d_, and
lay it down in the _Rubbing_ place with one of its sides upwards they
clap the Balls of the fore-Finger and middle-Finger upon the fore and
hinder-ends of the _Letter_, and _Rubbing_ the _Letter_ pretty lightly
backwards about eight or nine Inches, they bring it forwards again with
an hard pressing _Rub_ upon the _Stone_; where the fore-Finger and
Thumb of the left hand is ready to receive it, and quickly turn the
opposite side of the _Letter_, to take such a _Rub_ as the other side
had.
But in _Rubbing_ they are very careful that they press the Balls of
their Fingers equally hard on the _Head_ and _Foot_ of the _Letter_.
For if the _Head_ and _Foot_ be not equally prest on the _Stone_,
either the _Head_ or _Foot_ will _drive-out_ when the _Letters_ come to
be _Composed_ in the _Stick_; So that without _Rubbing_ over again they
cannot be _Drest_.
¶. 5. _Of_ Kerning _of_ Letters.
Amongst the _Italick-Letters_ many are to be _Kern’d_, some only on one
side, and some both sides. The _Kern’d-Letters_ are such as have part
of their _Face_ hanging over one side or both sides of their _Shanck_:
These cannot be _Rub’d_, because part of the _Face_ would _Rub_
away when the whole side of the _Shanck_ is toucht by the _Stone_:
Therefore they must be _Kern’d_, as _Founders_ call it: Which to do,
they provide a small Stick bigger or less, according as the _Body_ of
the _Letter_ that is to be _Kern’d_. This _Kerning-stick_ is somewhat
more than an Handful long, and it matters not whether it be square
or round: But if it be square the Edges of it must be pretty well
rounded away, lest with long usage and hard Cutting they Gall the Hand.
The upper-side of this _Kerning-Stick_ is flatted away somewhat more
than the length of the _Letter_, and on that flat part is cut away a
flat bottom with two square sides like the _Sides_ or _Ledges_ of the
_Lining-stick_ to serve for two _Sholders_. That side to be _Kern’d_
and _scrap’d_, is laid upwards, and its opposite side on the bottom of
the _Kerning-stick_ with the _Foot_ of the _Letter_ against the bottom
_Sholder_, and the side of the _Letter_ against the side _Sholder_ of
the _Kerning-stick_.
He also provides a _Kerning-Knife_: This is a pretty strong piece
of a broken Knife, about three Inches long, which he fits into a
Wooden-Handle: But first he breaks off the Back of the Knife towards
the Point, so as the whole edge lying in a straight line the piece
broken off from the back to the edge may leave an angle at the point of
about 45 Degrees, which irregular breaking (for so we must suppose it)
he either _Grinds_ or _Rubs_ off on a _Grind-stone_. Then he takes a
piece of a Broom-stick for his Handle, and splits one end of it about
two Inches long towards the other end, and the split part he either
Cuts or Rasps away about a _Brevier_ deep round about that end of the
Handle. Then he puts about an Inch and an half of his broken blade
into the split or slit in the Handle, and ties a four or five doubled
Paper a little below the Rasped part of the Handle round about it, to
either a _Pica_ or _Long-Primmer_ thick of the slit end of the Handle.
This _Paper_ is so ordered that all its sides round about shall stand
equally distant from all the Rasped part of the Handle: For then
setting the other end of the Handle in Clay, or otherwise fastening
it upright, when _Mettal_ is poured in between the Rasped part of
the Handle and the Paper about it, that _Mettal_ will make a strong
_Ferril_ to the _Handle_ of the _Knife_. The irregularities that may
happen in _Casting_ this _Ferril_ may be Rasped away to make it more
handy and Handsome.
Now to return again where I left off. Holding the Handle of the
_Kerning-stick_ in his left hand, He lays the side of the _Letter_
to be _Kern’d_ upwards with the _Face_ of the _Letter_ towards the
end of the _Kerning-stick_: the side of the _Letter_ against the side
_Sholder_ of the _Kerning-stick_, and the _Foot_ of the _Letter_
against the bottom _Sholder_ of the _Kerning-stick_, and laying the
end of the Ball of his left-Hand Thumb hard upon the _Shanck_ of the
_Letter_ to keep its _Side_ and _Foot_ steddy against the _Sholders_
of the _Kerning-stick_, he with the _Kerning-Knife_ in his right-Hand
cuts off about one quarter of the _Mettal_ between the _Beard_ of the
_Shanck_ and the _Face_ of the _Letter_. Then turning his _Knife_ so as
the back of it may lean towards him, he scrapes towards him with the
edge of the _Knife_ about half the length of that upper-side, _viz._
about so much as his Thumb does not cover: Then he turns the _Face_ of
the _Letter_ against the lower _Sholder_ of the _Kerning-stick_, and
scraping fromwards him with a stroak or two of his _Knife_ smoothens
that end of the _Letter_ also.
If the other side of the _Letter_ be not to be _Kern’d_ it was before
_Rub’d_ on the _Stone_, as was shewed in the last ¶: But if it be to be
_Kern’d_, then he makes a little hole in his _Kerning-stick_, close to
the lower _Sholder_ of it and full deep enough to receive all that part
of the _Face_ of the _Letter_ that hangs over the _Shanck_, that the
_Shanck_ of the _Letter_ may lie flat and solid on the bottom of the
_Kerning-stick_, and that so the _Shanck_ of the _Letter_ bow not when
the weight of the hand presses the edge of the _Kerning-Knife_ hard
upon it. Into this hole he puts (as before said) so much of the _Face_
of the _Letter_ as hangs over the side of the _Shanck_, and so scrapes
the lower end of the _Letter_ and _Kerns_ the upper end, as he did the
former side of the _Letter_.
¶. 6. _Of_ Setting up, _or_ Composing Letters.
I described in §. 5. ¶. 2. the _Lining-stick_, But now we are come
to _Setting up_, or _Composing_ of _Letters_. The _Founder_ must
provide many _Composing-Sticks_; five or six dozen at the least. These
_Composing-sticks_ are indeed but long _Lining-sticks_, about seven or
eight and twenty Inches long _Handle_ and all: Whereof the _Handle_
is about three Inches and an half long: But as the _Lining-stick_ I
described was made of _Brass_: So these _Composing-sticks_ are made of
_Beech-Wood_.
When the Boy _Sets_ up _Letters_ (for it is commonly Boys-Work) The
_Caster Casts_ about an hundred _Quadrats_ of the same _Body_ about
half an Inch broad at least, let the _Body_ be what it will, and of
the length of the whole _Carriage_, only by placing a flat _Brass_
or _Iron Plate_ upon the _Stool_ of the _Mold_ close against the
_Carriage_ and _Body_, to stop the _Mettal_ from running farther.
The Boy (I say) takes the _Composing-stick_ by the _Handle_ in his
left hand, clasping it about with his four Fingers, and puts the
_Quadrat_ first into the _Composing-stick_, and lays the Ball of his
Thumb upon it, and with the fore-Finger and Thumb of his right-Hand,
assisted by his middle-finger to turn the _Letter_ to a proper
position, with its _Nick_ upwards towards the bottom side of the
_Composing-stick_; while it is coming to the _Stick_, he at the same
time lifts up the Thumb of his left hand, and with it receives and
holds the _Letter_ against the fore-side of the _Quadrat_, and after
it, all the _Letters_ of the same sort, if the _Stick_ will hold them,
If not he _Sets_ them in so many _Sticks_ as will hold them: Observing
to _Set_ all the _Nicks_ of them upwards, as aforesaid. And as he _Set_
a _Quadrat_ at the beginning of the _Composing-stick_, so he fills not
his _Stick_ so full, but that he may _Set_ another such _Quadrat_ at
the end of it.
¶. 7. _Some Rules and Circumstances to be observed in_ Setting _up_
Letters.
1. If they _Drive_ a little out at _Head_ or _Foot_, so little as not
to require new _Rubbing_ again, then he holds his Thumb harder against
the _Head_ or _Foot_, so as to draw the _Driving_ end inward: For
else when they come to _Scraping_, and _Dressing_ the _Hook_ of the
_Dressing-Hook_ drawing Square, will endanger the middle or some other
part of _Letters_ in the _Stick_ to _Spring_ out: And when they come
into the _Dressing-block_, the _Knots_ of the _Blocks_ drawing also
square subject them to the same inconvenience. And if they _Drive_ out
at the _Head_, the _Feet_ will more or less stand off one another: So
that when the _Tooth_ of the _Plow_ comes to _Dress_ the _Feet_, it
will more or less job against every _Letter_, and be apt to make a
bowing at the _Feet_, or at least make a _Bur_ on their sides at the
_Feet_.
2. When _Short-Letters_ are begun to be _Set_ up in a _Stick_, the
whole _Stick_ must be fill’d with _Short-Letters_: Because when they
are _Dressing_, the _Short-Letters_ must be _Bearded_ on both sides
the _Body_: And should _Short-Letters_ or _Ascending_ or _Descending_
or _Long_ stand together, the _Short_ cannot be _Bearded_ because the
_Stems_ of the _Ascending_ or _Descending_ or _Long-Letters_ reach
upon the _Body_ to the _Beard_: So that the _Short-Letters_ cannot be
_Bearded_, unless the _Stems_ of the other _Letters_ should be scraped
off.
3. When _Long-Letters_ are begun to be _Set_ up in the _Stick_, none
but such must fill it, for the reason aforesaid.
4. If any _Letters Kern’d_ on one side be to be _Set_ up, and the
_Stems_ of the same _Letters_ reach not to the opposite _Beard_ as s or
f, in _Setting_ up these or such like _Letters_, every next _Letter_ is
turned with its _Nick_ downwards, that the _Kern_ of each _Letter_ may
lie over the _Beard_ of its next. But then they must be all _Set_ up
again with a _Short-Letter_ between each, that they may be _Bearded_.
As every _Stick-full_ is set up, he sets them by upon the _Racks_,
ready for the _Dresser_ to _Dress_, as shall be shewed in the next §.
[Illustration: _Plate 21._]
The _Racks_ are described in _Plate 21._ at A. They are made of Square
_Deal Battens_ about seven Inches and an half long, as at _a b a b a
b_, and are at the ends _b b b_ let into two upright _Stiles_, standing
about sixteen Inches and an half assunder, and the fore-ends of the
_Racks_ mounting a little, that when _Sticks_ of _Letters_ is _Set_ by
on any two parallel _Racks_, there may be no danger that the _Letters_
in them shall slide off forward; but their _Feet_ rest against the
_Bottom-Ledges_ of the _Composing-sticks_. They set by as many of these
_Sticks_ with _Letter_ in them, as will stand upon one another between
every two _Rails_, and then set another pile of _Sticks_ with _Letter_
in them before the first, till the length of the _Rail_ be also filled
with _Sticks_ of _Letter_ before one another. They set all the _Sticks_
of _Letters_ with their ends even to one another with the _Faces_ of
the _Letter_ forwards.
This _Frame of Racks_ is always placed near the _Dressing-Bench_, that
it may stand convenient to the _Letter-Dressers_ Hand.
§. 20. ¶. 1. _Of_ Dressing _of_ Letters.
There be several Tools and Machines used to the _Dressing_ of
_Letters_: And unless I should describe them to you first, you might
perhaps in my following discourse not well understand me: Wherefore I
shall begin with them: They are as follows.
1. The _Dressing-Sticks_.
2. The _Bench_, _Blocks_ and its Appurtenances.
3. The _Dressing-Hook_.
4. The _Dressing-Knife_.
5. The _Plow_.
6. The _Mallet_.
Of each of these in order.
¶. 2. _Of the_ Dressing-Sticks.
I need give no other Description of the _Dressing-sticks_, than I did
in the last §. and ¶. of the _Composing-Sticks_: Only they are made of
hard Wood, and of greater Substance, as well because hard Wood will
work smoother than soft Wood, as because greater Substance is less
Subject to warp or shake than smaller Substance is. And also because
hard Wood is less Subject to be penetrated by the sharpness of the
_Bur_ of the _Mettal_ on the _Letters_ than the soft.
¶. 3. _Of the_ Block-Grove, _and its_ Appurtenances.
The _Block-Grove_ is described in _Plate 21. a b_. The _Groove_ in
which the _Blocks_ are laid, two Inches deep, and seven Inches and an
half wide at one end, and seven Inches wide at the other end: One of
the _Cheeks_ as _c_ is three Inches and an half broad at one end, and
three Inches broad at the other end, and the other _Cheek_ three Inches
broad the whole Length: The Length of these _Cheeks_ are two and
twenty Inches.