THE EVACUATION.
Senator Wigfall's Volunteer Mission.--Terms of Evacuation
Settled.--The Question of Casualties on the Other Side.--Salute to
the Flag.--Occupation of the Fort by Southern
Troops.--Embarkation.--Welcome in New York.--Conclusion.
There was a large, first-class wooden hotel, near the shore, on
Sullivan's Island, called the Moultrie House. It was only kept open
during the summer, and was a favorite resort, for planters and others,
to enjoy the fresh sea-breeze, and the beautiful drive up the beach at
low tide. Since the rebel occupation of Fort Moultrie, this hotel had
been used as a depot and barracks for the troops in the vicinity. Just
before the attack was made upon us, the Palmetto flag, which had waved
over the building, was taken down; but I noticed with a spy-glass that
there was still quite a number of people, apparently troops, remaining
in the house. I saw no reason why the mere lowering of the flag should
prevent us from firing at them. I therefore aimed two forty-two pounder
balls at the upper story. The crashing of the shot, which went through
the whole length of the building among the clapboards and interior
partitions, must have been something fearful to those who were within.
They came rushing out in furious haste, and tumbled over each other
until they reached the bottom of the front steps, in one writhing,
tumultuous mass.
When we left Fort Sumter, a South Carolina officer, who seemed to feel
aggrieved in relation to this matter, asked me why we fired at that
building. Not caring to enter into a discussion at that time, I evaded
it by telling him the true reason was, that the landlord had given me a
wretched room there one night, and this being the only opportunity that
had occurred to get even with him, I was unable to resist it. He laughed
heartily, and said, "I understand it all now. You were perfectly right,
sir, and I justify the act."
About 2 P.M., Senator Wigfall, in company with W. Gourdin Young, of
Charleston, unexpectedly made his appearance at one of the embrasures,
having crossed over from Morris Island in a small boat, rowed by
negroes. He had seen the flag come down, and supposed that we had
surrendered in consequence of the burning of the quarters. This visit
was sanctioned by the commander of Morris Island, Brigadier-general
James W. Simons. An artillery-man, serving his gun, was very much
astonished to see a man's face at the entrance, and asked him what he
was doing there. Wigfall replied that he wished to see Major Anderson.
The man, however, refused to allow him to enter until he had surrendered
himself as a prisoner, and given up his sword. This done, another
artillery-man was sent to bring an officer. Lieutenant Davis came almost
immediately, but it took some time to find Anderson, who was out
examining the condition of the main gates. I was not present during this
scene, or at the interview that ensued, as I was engaged in trying to
save some shells in the upper story from the effects of the fire.
Wigfall, in Beauregard's name, offered Anderson his own terms, which
were, the evacuation of the fort, with permission to salute our flag,
and to march out with the honors of war, with our arms and private
baggage, leaving all other war material behind. As soon as this matter
was arranged, Wigfall returned to Cummings Point.
In the mean time, Beauregard having noticed the white flag, sent a boat
containing Colonel James Chestnut, and Captain Lee, Colonel Roger A.
Pryor, and Colonel William Porcher Miles, to ascertain the meaning of
the signal. A second boat soon followed, containing Major D.K. Jones,
who was Beauregard's adjutant-general, Ex-Governor J.L. Manning, and
Colonel Charles Alston.
Miles and Pryor were exceedingly astonished when they heard that Wigfall
had been carrying on negotiations in Beauregard's name, and stated that,
to their certain knowledge, he had had no communication with Beauregard.
They spoke of the matter with great delicacy, for Wigfall was a parlous
man, and quick to settle disputed points with the pistol. Anderson
replied with spirit that, under the circumstances, he would run up his
flag again, and resume the firing. They begged him, however, not to take
action until they had had an opportunity to lay the whole subject before
General Beauregard; and Anderson agreed to wait a reasonable time for
that purpose. The boat then returned to the city. In due time another
boat arrived, containing Colonels Chestnut and Chisholm, and Captain
Stephen D. Lee, all aids of Beauregard. They came to notify Major
Anderson that the latter was willing to treat with him on the basis
proposed. Colonel Charles Alston soon came over with Major Jones (who
was chief-of-staff to Beauregard, and adjutant-general of the
Provisional Army), to settle the details of the evacuation. There was
some difficulty about permitting us to salute our flag; but that, too,
was finally conceded. In case we held out for another day, the rebels
had made arrangements to storm the fort that night.
During all these operations, our officers and men behaved with great
gallantry. Hall, Snyder, and Meade had never been under fire before, but
they proved themselves to be true sons of their Alma Mater at West
Point.
The first contest of the war was over, and had ended as a substantial
victory for the Secessionists. They had commenced the campaign naked and
defenseless; but the General Government had allowed them time to levy an
army against us, and we had permitted ourselves to be surrounded with a
ring of fire, from which there was no escape. Nor had we employed to the
fullest extent all our available means of defense. No attempt had ever
been made to use the upper tier of guns, which contained our heaviest
metal, and which, from its height, overlooked the enemy's works, and
was, therefore, the most efficient part of our armament. Although the
fire of our columbiads, under ordinary circumstances, could not quite
reach the city, we had arranged one of them to point upward at the
maximum angle. As the carriage would not admit of this, the gun was
taken off, and made to rest on a bed of masonry. Seymour and myself
thought, by loading it with eccentric shells, we could increase the
range of the guns so that the balls would reach that part of Charleston
which was nearest to us; but we were not allowed to use the gun at all.
It seemed to me there was a manifest desire to do as little damage as
possible.
About eighteen hundred shot had been fired into Fort Sumter, and the
upper story was pretty well knocked to pieces. To walk around the
parapet, we had constantly to climb over heaps of debris. With all this
expenditure of ammunition, we had but one man dangerously wounded. This
was John Schweirer, foreman of the Baltimore brick-layers. He was struck
by a piece of shell while standing near the open parade-ground. So long
as our men fought in the lower casemates, which were shell-proof, the
vertical fire could not reach them; and by drilling them to step one
side of the embrasure whenever they saw the flash of a gun opposite,
they escaped the danger of being struck by any ball which might enter
the opening; so that, on the whole, they ran very little risk. Had they
used the guns on the parapet, the number of casualties would have been
greatly increased, but our missiles would have been much more effective.
When William Porcher Miles was about to enter the boat to return to
Charleston, he told our commander that none of the secession soldiers
were injured by our fire. Anderson raised his hands and ejaculated,
"Thank God for that!" As the object of our fighting was to do as much
damage as possible, I could see no propriety in thanking Heaven for the
small amount of injury we had inflicted. I have since had reason to
suspect, from several circumstances, that the contest was not as
bloodless as it was represented to be at the time. The coxswain of the
boat that brought Miles over heard him make the remark that no one was
hurt on the rebel side. The man stared at him for a moment in
undisguised amazement, and then stepped aside behind an angle of the
work, where he could indulge in a hearty fit of laughter. His whole
action was that of one who thought his chief had been indulging in
romance. Of course Miles believed the assertion, or he would not have
made it.
The fact is, Fort Moultrie was all slivered and knocked to pieces; and
as I heard so much in reference to the narrow escapes of officers and
soldiers there, I concluded that, if no one was hurt, a miracle must
have taken place. The rebel who carried dispatches between Fort Moultrie
and Mount Pleasant in a small boat was in a position to know, and he
told Peter Hart, some years after the war, that a schooner, to his
certain knowledge, came from Charleston during the battle, and took off
a number of killed from Fort Moultrie, who were taken to Potter's Field,
on Cooper River, and buried there on Saturday, at 4.30 A.M. I had
previously seen the same story published as coming from Charleston. A
similar statement was made, on his arrival in New York, by the mate of
the schooner _D.B. Pitts_, and it purported to be founded on his own
observation.
When we left Fort Sumter for New York, a man of my company, named
Fielding, was seriously injured by an explosion, and left behind in the
hospital at Charleston. He was frequently visited there by an old
comrade, named Galloway, who was one of our discharged soldiers.
Galloway laughed at the idea that no one had been injured, and told
Fielding that he himself had served in Fort Moultrie during the
bombardment, and had seen with his own eyes a number of killed and
wounded there. If Galloway's story is true, Ripley may have concealed
his losses, as he did not wish to have us appear more successful than he
had been. I believe there were a great many Irish laborers enlisted in
Fort Moultrie, and their loss would hardly have excited a remark in
aristocratic Charleston. It is said, too, that a list of killed and
wounded was posted up on a bulletin-board in the city, and afterward
torn down, for fear that it might discourage the troops. On the other
hand, the assertion of men holding high official position on the other
side, that no one was killed or injured, would seem to leave little room
for doubt.
When Beauregard received notice that Anderson was willing to ratify the
terms agreed upon, he sent over another boat, containing Colonel Miles,
Colonel Pryor, Ex-Governor Manning, Major Jones, and Captain Hartstein,
to arrange the details of the evacuation.
Almost a fatal accident occurred to Roger A. Pryor shortly after his
arrival in the fort. He was sitting in the hospital at a table, with a
black bottle and a tumbler near his right hand. The place was quite
dark, having been built up all around with boxes of sand, to render it
shell-proof. Being thirsty, and not noticing what he did, he
mechanically picked up the bottle, poured some of the liquid into the
glass, and drank it down. It proved to be iodide of potassium, which is
quite a poisonous compound. When I saw him, he was very pale, and
leaning on the shoulder of Dr. Crawford, who was taking him out on the
grass to apply the stomach-pump. He was soon out of danger. Some of us
questioned the doctor's right to interpose in a case of this kind. It
was argued that if any rebel leader chose to come over to Fort Sumter
and poison himself, the Medical Department had no business to interfere
with such a laudable intention. The doctor, however, claimed, with some
show of reason, that he himself was held responsible to the United
States for the medicine in the hospital, and therefore he could not
permit Pryor to carry any of it away.
All of the preliminaries having been duly adjusted, it was decided that
the evacuation should take place the next morning. Our arrangements were
few and simple, but the rebels made extensive preparations for the
event, in order to give it the greatest _eclat_, and gain from it as
much prestige as possible. The population of the surrounding country
poured into Charleston in vast multitudes, to witness the humiliation
of the United States flag. We slept soundly that night for the first
time, after all the fatigue and excitement of the two preceding days.
The next morning, Sunday, the 14th, we were up early, packing our
baggage in readiness to go on board the transport. The time having
arrived, I made preparations, by order of Major Anderson, to fire a
national salute to the flag. It was a dangerous thing to attempt, as
sparks of fire were floating around everywhere, and there was no safe
place to deposit the ammunition. In that portion of the line commanded
by Lieutenant Hall, a pile of cartridges lay under the muzzle of one of
the guns. Some fire had probably lodged inside the piece, which the
sponging did not extinguish, for, in loading it, it went off
prematurely, and blew off the right arm of the gunner, Daniel Hough, who
was an excellent soldier. His death was almost instantaneous. He was the
first man who lost his life on our side in the war for the Union. The
damage did not end here, for some of the fire from the muzzle dropped on
the pile of cartridges below, and exploded them all. Several men in the
vicinity were blown into the air, and seriously injured. Their names
were George Fielding, John Irwin, George Pinchard, and Edwin Galway,
and, I think, James Hayes. The first-named being very badly hurt, was
left behind, to be cared for by the rebels. He was sent over to
Charleston, where he was well treated, finally cured, and forwarded to
us without being exchanged.
The salute being over, the Confederate troops marched in to occupy the
fort. The Palmetto Guard, Captain Cuthbert's company, detailed by
Colonel De Saussure, and Captain Hollinquist's Company B, of the
regulars, detailed by Colonel Ripley, constituted the new garrison under
Ripley.[21] Anderson directed me to form the men on the parade-ground,
assume command, and march them on board the transport. I told him I
should prefer to leave the fort with the flag flying, and the drums
beating Yankee Doodle, and he authorized me to do so. As soon as our
tattered flag came down, and the silken banner made by the ladies of
Charleston was run up, tremendous shouts of applause were heard from
the vast multitude of spectators; and all the vessels and steamers,
with one accord, made for the fort. Corporal Bringhurst came running to
tell me that many of the approaching crowd were shouting my name, and
making threatening demonstrations. The disorder, however, was
immediately quelled by the appearance of Hartstein, an ex-officer of our
navy, who threw out sentinels in all directions, and prevented the mob
from landing.
The bay was alive with floating craft of every description, filled with
people from all parts of the South, in their holiday attire. As I
marched out at the head of our little band of regulars, it must have
presented a strange contrast to the numerous forces that had assailed
us; some sixty men against six thousand. As we went on board the
_Isabel_, with the drums beating the national air, all eyes were fixed
upon us amidst the deepest silence. It was an hour of triumph for the
originators of secession in South Carolina, and no doubt it seemed to
them the culmination of all their hopes; but could they have seen into
the future with the eye of prophecy, their joy might have been turned
into mourning. Who among them could have conceived that the Charleston
they deemed so invincible, which they boasted would never be polluted
by the footsteps of a Yankee invader until every son of the soil had
shed the last drop of his blood in her defense--who could have imagined
that this proud metropolis, after much privation and long-suffering from
fire and bombardment, would finally surrender, without bloodshed, to a
negro regiment, under a Massachusetts flag--the two most abhorred
elements of the strife to the proud people of South Carolina? Who could
have imagined that the race they had so despised was destined to govern
them in the future, in the dense ignorance which the South itself had
created, by prohibiting the education of the blacks?
My story is nearly done. We soon reached the _Baltic_, and were received
with great sympathy and feeling by the army and navy officers present.
Among the latter was Captain Fox, who afterward became the Assistant
Secretary of the Navy.
It is worthy of remark that, after we had left the harbor, Bishop Lynch,
of Charleston, threw the Catholic influence in favor of the
Secessionists by celebrating the Southern victory by a grand _Te Deum_.
We arrived in New York on the 19th, and were received with unbounded
enthusiasm. All the passing steamers saluted us with their
steam-whistles and bells, and cheer after cheer went up from the
ferry-boats and vessels in the harbor. We did not attempt to land, but
came to anchor in the stream, between Governor's Island and the Battery.
Several distinguished citizens at once came on board, and Major Anderson
was immediately carried off to dine with Mr. Lloyd Aspinwall. As
somebody had to remain with the troops and attend to their wants, I
accompanied them to Fort Hamilton, where we soon found ourselves in
comfortable quarters. Nearly all of the officers obtained a furlough
immediately; but I remained in command of the fort during the temporary
absence of Major Anderson, who was soon after permanently detached from
us.
Our captivity had deeply touched the hearts of the people, and every day
the number of visitors almost amounted to an ovation. The principal city
papers, the _Tribune_, _Times_, _Herald_, and _Evening Post_, gave us a
hearty welcome. For a long time the enthusiasm in New York remained
undiminished. It was impossible for us to venture into the main streets
without being ridden on the shoulders of men, and torn to pieces by
hand-shaking. Shortly after our arrival, Henry Ward Beecher came down to
the fort to meet us, and made a ringing speech, full of fire and
patriotism. It seemed as if every one of note called to express his
devotion to the cause of the Union, and his sympathy with us, who had
been its humble representatives amidst the perils of the first conflict
of the war.
As I have stated, of the officers who were engaged in the operations
herein narrated, but four now survive.
George W. Snyder was the first to leave us. He was present in the battle
of Bull Run, attained the brevet of captain, and died in Washington,
District of Columbia, on the 17th of November, 1861.
Theodore Talbot became assistant-adjutant-general, with the rank of
major, and died on the 22d of April, 1862, also in Washington.
Richard K. Meade was induced, by the pressure of social and family ties,
to resign his commission in our army. He became a rebel officer, and
died at Petersburg, Virginia, in July, 1862.
Norman J. Hall became colonel of the Seventh Michigan Volunteers, and
received three brevets in the regular army, the last being for gallant
and distinguished services at Gettysburg. He died on the 26th of May,
1867, at Brooklyn, New York.
John L. Gardner received the brevet of brigadier-general, and was
retired at the commencement of the war. He died at Wilmington, Delaware,
on the 19th of February, 1869.
Robert Anderson was made a brigadier-general, and afterward a brevet
major-general, for his services at Fort Sumter. He served about six
months as Commander of the Department of Kentucky and of the Cumberland,
and was then obliged to leave the field in consequence of ill health. He
was retired from active service on the 27th of October, 1863, and died
at Nice, in France, on the 26th day of October, 1871.
Lastly, John G. Foster, after a brilliant career as commander of a
department and army corps, died at Nashua, New Hampshire, September 2d,
1874.
Each of us who survive became major-general during the rebellion, and
each now holds the same grade by brevet in the regular army.
Mr. Edward Moale, the citizen who remained with us, did excellent
service in the war. At present he is a brevet lieutenant-colonel in the
regular army.
This statement of events was completed at New York, April 14th, 1875, on
the fourteenth anniversary of the evacuation of Fort Sumter.
APPENDIX.
_List of Officers and Enlisted Men present at the Bombardment of Fort
Sumter, April 12th and 13th, 1861._
COMMISSIONED OFFICERS.
Major ROBERT ANDERSON, First United States Artillery.
Captain ABNER DOUBLEDAY, First United States Artillery.
Captain TRUMAN SEYMOUR, First United States Artillery.
First Lieutenant JEFFERSON C. DAVIS, First United States Artillery.
Second Lieutenant NORMAN J. HALL, First United States Artillery.
Captain J.G. FOSTER, United States Engineers.
Lieutenant G.W. SNYDER, United States Engineers.
Lieutenant R.K. MEADE, United States Engineers.
Assistant Surgeon S.W. CRAWFORD, United States Army.
ENLISTED MEN.
Ordnance-sergeant James Kearney, United States Army.
Quartermaster-sergeant William H. Hammer, First United States Artillery.
_Regimental Band, First Artillery._
Sergeant James E. Galway.
Corporal Andrew Smith.
Private Andrew Murphy.
Private Fedeschi Onoratti.
Private Peter Rice.
Private Henry Schmidt.
Private John Urquhart.
Private Andrew Wickstrom.
_Company E, First Artillery._
First Sergeant Eugene Scheibner.
Sergeant Thomas Kirnan.
Sergeant William A. Harn.
Sergeant James Chester.
Corporal Owen M'Guire.
Corporal Francis J. Oakes.
Corporal Charles Bringhurst.
Corporal Henry Ellerbrook.
Musician Charles Hall.
Private Philip Anderman.
Private John Emil Noack.
Private Cornelius Baker.
Private Thomas Carroll.
Private Patrick Clancy.
Private John Davis.
Private James Digdam.
Private George Fielding.
Private Edward Gallway.
Private James Gibbons.
Private James Hays.
Private Daniel Hough.
Private John Irwin.
Private James M'Donald.
Private Samuel Miller.
Private John Newport.
Private George Pinchard.
Private Frank Rivers.
Private Lewis Schroeder.
Private Carl A. Sellman.
Private John Thompson.
Private Charles H. Tozer.
Private William Witzman.
_Company H, First Artillery._
First Sergeant John Renehan.
Sergeant James M'Mahon.
Sergeant John Carmody.
Sergeant John Otto.
Corporal Christopher Costolan.
Musician Robert Foster.
Artificer Henry Strandt.
Private Edward Brady.
Private Barney Cain.
Private John Doran.
Private Dennis Johnson.
Private John Kehoe.
Private John Klein.
Private John Lanagan.
Private Frederick Lintner.
Private John Magill.
Private John Laroche.
Private Frederick Meier.
Private James Moore.
Private William Morter.
Private Patrick Neilan.
Private John Nixon.
Private Michael O'Donald.
Private Robert Roe.
Private William Walker.
Private Joseph Wall.
Private Edmond Walsh.
Private Henry R. Walter.
Private Herman Will.
Private Thomas Wishnowski.
Private Casper Wutterpel.
_List of Mechanics and Employes present in Fort Sumter during the
Bombardment, April 12th and 13th, 1861._
EMPLOYES OF THE ENGINEER DEPARTMENT.
George Coons, _mason_.
John Schweirer,_mason_.
John Buckley, _smith_.
John Lindsay, _carpenter_.
John Saxton, _rigger_.
James Tweedle, _smith_.
Wm. O. Lyman, _overseer_.
LABORERS.
Michael Berne.
John Burns.
John Branley.
Peter Caine.
Patrick Conner.
Michael Cummins.
William Dorsey.
Edward Davis.
Patrick Donahoe.
Peter Donley.
William Eagen.
Andrew Felton.
Michael Goff.
James Howlett.
Patrick Heeney.
Andrew Lindsey.
Dennis Magrath.
John M'Carty.
James M'Mahon.
Michael Meechins.
Thomas Murphy.
Thomas Myers.
William Powers.
Edward Quinn.
Patrick Quinn.
Martin Rafferty.
John Riley.
Michael Ryan.
Jeremiah Ryan.
James Ryan.
James Shea.
COOKS.
Samuel Abraze.
Patrick Walsh.
The following is taken from a South Carolina official document, but it
seems somewhat defective in detail:
_List of Confederate Batteries constructed with a View to the Reduction
of Fort Sumter._
ON MORRIS ISLAND.
Brigadier-general JAMES W. SIMONS, commanding; Colonel WILMOT G. DE
SAUSSURE, commanding Artillery Battalion. Lieutenant J. R. MACBETH,
Captain J. JONES, and Lieutenant F.L. CHILDS, acting as aids to
Colonel De Saussure.
STEVENS BATTERY. (Fired 1200 shots.)
_Three Eight-inch columbiads._
Garrisoned by the Palmetto Guard, CAPTAIN GEORGE B. CUTHBERT
commanding; Lieutenant G.L. BUIST. The ammunition was served out by
Mr. PHILIPS and Mr. CAMPBELL. One gun was disabled on Friday.
CUMMINGS POINT BATTERY.
_Two forty-two-pounders, three ten-inch mortars, one Blakely gun._
Garrisoned by a detachment of the Palmetto Guard, and by cadets
from the Citadel Academy in Charleston. Captain J.P. THOMAS, of the
Citadel Academy, commanding Blakely gun; Lieutenant C. R. HOLMES,
of the Citadel Academy, commanding mortars; Lieutenant W.W.
ARMSTRONG, of the Citadel Academy, at the mortars; Second
Lieutenant THOMAS SUMTER, of the Palmetto Guard, in charge of the
forty-two-pounders.
CHANNEL BATTERY. (Did not fire.)
Captain CALHOUN, commanding; First Lieutenant A.M. WAGNER;
Lieutenant---- SITGREAVES; Second Lieutenant M.C. PRESTON.
ON JAMES ISLAND.
Major N.G. EVANS, A.A.G., commanding.
BATTERY OF TWENTY-FOUR-POUNDERS.
Captain GEORGE S. JAMES, commanding.
MORTAR BATTERY.
First Lieutenant W.H. GIBBES, of the Artillery; Lieutenant H.S.
FARLEY; Lieutenant J.E. M'PHERSON, Washington; Lieutenant T.B.
HAYNE; Doctor LIBBY.
UPPER BATTERY. (Fired 2425 shots.)
_Two ten-inch mortars._
LOWER BATTERY.
_Two ten-inch mortars._
Captain S.C. THAYER, of the S.C. Navy, commanding.
ON SULLIVAN'S ISLAND.
Brigadier-general JOHN DUNOVANT, commanding. Lieutenant-colonel
ROSWELL S. RIPLEY, commanding the Artillery; Captain J. B. BURNS,
of General DUNOVANT'S staff; Surgeons P.J. ROBINSON, R.F. MITCHELL,
and ARTHUR LYNCH; Assistant-surgeons D.W. TAYLOR, Doctor F.F.
MILES, Doctor F.L. PARKER.
THE IRON-CLAD FLOATING BATTERY. (At the Cove. Fired 1900 shots.)
_Two forty-two-pounders. Two thirty-two-pounders._
Garrisoned by Company D, of the Artillery. Captain JAMES HAMILTON;
First Lieutenant J.A. YATES, Second Lieutenant F.H. HARLESTON.
THE DAHLGREN BATTERY. (Near the Floating Battery.)
_One nine-inch Dahlgren gun._
Garrisoned by Company D, of the Artillery. Captain S.R. HAMILTON;
Mr. JOHN WELLS.
THE ENFILADE BATTERY. (Fired 1825 shots.)
Garrisoned by Company K, of the Artillery, Captain JAMES H.
HALLONQUIST, Company B, of the Artillery, commanding; First
Lieutenant J. VALENTINE, B.S. BURNETT.
MORTAR BATTERY, NO. 1. (Between Fort Moultrie and the Cove.)
Captain JAMES H. HALLONQUIST, Company B, of the Artillery,
commanding. Lieutenant O. BLANDING, Lieutenant FLEMING.
FORT MOULTRIE. (Fired 1825 shots.)
_Three eight-inch columbiads, two thirty-two-pounders, four
twenty-four-pounders._
Garrisoned by the Artillery Battalion under Lieutenant-colonel
RIPLEY. Captain W.R. CALHOUN, Company A, of the Artillery,
executive officer.
SUMTER BATTERY. (Facing south-south-west.)
Lieutenant ALFRED RHETT, Company B, Artillery, commanding; Second
Lieutenant JOHN MITCHELL, Jun.; Mr. F.D. BLAKE, Volunteer Engineer.
OBLIQUE BATTERY. (On the west.)
_Two twenty-four-pounders._
Lieutenant C.W. PARKER, Company D, of the Artillery.
MORTAR BATTERY, No. 2. (East of Fort Moultrie.)
_Two ten-inch mortars._
Captain WILLIAM BUTLER, of the Infantry; Lieutenant J.A. HUGENIN.
E. MOWRY, Mr. BLOCKER, Mr. BILLINGS, and Mr. RICE assisted. This
battery was joined to the Maffit Channel Battery.
THE TRAPIER BATTERY. (Fired 1300 shots.)
_Three ten-inch mortars._
Garrisoned by the Marion Artillery, J. GADSDEN KING, commanding.
Lieutenant W.D.H. KIRKWOOD, J.P. STROHECKER, A.M. HUGER, E.L.
PARKER. The Marion Artillery was afterward relieved by the Sumter
Guard, under Captain JOHN RUSSELL.
AT MOUNT PLEASANT.
BATTERY. (Fired 2925 shots.)
_Two ten-inch mortars._
Captain ROBERT MARTIN of the Infantry, commanding; Lieutenant G.N.
REYNOLDS, Company B, of the Artillery; Lieutenant D.S. CALHOUN, of
the Infantry.
THE END.
FOOTNOTES:
[1] Hamlin's father named four of his sons, Europe, Asia, Africa, and
America. The fact that one of them was called Africa gave rise to the
statement that he was an African.
[2] He afterward returned, gave bail, and appeared before the court,
because he was aware that a rule existed that parties who had given
evidence before a Congressional committee in reference to any
defalcation could not be tried for having taken part in it.
[3] It is true there is a law authorizing the distribution of _surplus_
United States arms to the States, but there were no surplus muskets on
hand; and even if there had been, it was a very injudicious time to
distribute them among the insurgent States. A little delay would have
been both patriotic and judicious.
[4] My brother and myself each owned copies of the same dictionary.
Instead of using a word in my correspondence, I simply referred to its
place in the book, by giving the number of the page, number of the
column, and number of the word from the top of the page.
[5] He left the United States service soon after the attack on Fort
Sumter, and joined the Confederates. He did so reluctantly, for he had
gained great renown in our army for his gallantry in Mexico, and he knew
he would soon have been promoted to the position of Chief of our
Ordnance Department had he remained with us.
[6] About a month afterward the Honorable William Aiken, who was a Union
man, and who had formerly been governor of the State, and a member of
Congress, was compelled to pay forty thousand dollars as his share of
the war taxes.
[7] Dawson's _Historical Magazine_.
[8] See Dawson's story of Fort Sumter, in the _Historical Magazine for
January, 1872_.
[9] The facts in this statement are taken from Dawson's _Historical
Magazine for January, 1872_.
[10] One of the original leaders of secession, and a life-long friend
and correspondent of Major Anderson.
[11] My wife applied for board in Charleston, but was told she must
first obtain the sanction of Mr. Rhett, the editor of the _Mercury_. She
was afterward informed by the boarding-house keeper that, as the house
depended on the patronage of the Southern people for support, she (the
landlady) could not undertake to harbor the wives of Federal officers.
[12] The army officers on board were First Lieutenant Charles R. Woods,
Ninth Infantry, commanding; First Lieutenant William A. Webb, Fifth
Infantry; Second Lieutenant Charles W. Thomas, First Infantry; and
Assistant-surgeon P.G.S. Ten Broeck.
[13] Castle Pinckney at this time was commanded by Colonel J. Johnston
Petigru; Sullivan's Island, by Adjutant and Inspector-general Dunovant;
Fort Johnson, by Captain James Johnson, of the Charleston Rifles. The
United States Arsenal, by Colonel John Cunningham, of the Seventeenth
South Carolina militia; its former commander, Captain Humphreys, the
United States military store-keeper, having been ejected on the 30th of
December.
[14] Among these children was a little waif, called Dick Kowley,
afterward known as "Sumter Dick." He had been abandoned by his mother,
and thus thrown out on the world. For a time he was sent, after his
arrival in New York, to the house of Dr. Stewart, who was a family
connection of mine. After supper he reminded the ladies that he had not
heard tattoo yet, and wished to know at what hour they beat the
reveille. He evidently thought every well-regulated family kept a
drummer and fifer on hand, to sound the calls. He was very unhappy until
he had procured a small stick and a miniature flag. Every morning at
sunrise he hoisted the flag, and carefully lowered it and put it away at
sunset. He is now a cabinet-maker at Marion, Ohio, and recently gained a
prize for his excellent workmanship.
[15] It is due to the major to state that, in a speech made before the
Board of Brokers in New York, on the 13th of May, he asserted that if
the question lay between the preservation of the Union or the
preservation of slavery, slavery must be sacrificed.
[16] About this time, my wife, who was in Washington, was very much
surprised at receiving a call from the President. He came quietly to
request her to show him my letters from Fort Sumter, so that he might
form a better opinion as to the condition of affairs there, more
particularly in regard to our resources.
[17] I have since learned that the shell from Fort Johnson was not a
hostile shot, but was simply intended as a signal for the firing to
commence.
[18] In this he was an exception to most negroes. Those I have seen in
the colored regiments in Texas have shown themselves to be among the
best and most reliable men in the service for operations against the
Indians. It was a line of negroes that charged over the torpedoes at
Mobile.
[19] The troops and defenses on Morris Island were commanded by
Brigadier-general James W. Simons. The artillery was under the command
of Colonel Wilmot G. De Saussure, of the South Carolina Artillery
Battalion.
Sullivan's Island was commanded by Brigadier-general John Dunovant,
formerly an officer of the United States Army. His second in command was
Lieutenant-colonel Roswell S. Ripley, of the South Carolina Artillery
Battalion, formerly of our army.
Major N.G. Evans, assistant adjutant-general, commanded on James Island.
The battery at Mount Pleasant was under the command of Captain Robert
Martin, of the South Carolina Infantry.
[20] It is claimed that this shot was fired by Lieutenant W.C. Preston,
of South Carolina.
[21] Edmund Ruffin entered the fort as a volunteer ensign of the
Palmetto Guard; Captain Samuel Ferguson received the keys of Fort
Sumter, and raised the Confederate flag over the ramparts;
Lieutenant-colonel F.J. Moses raised the State flag. Moses has since
figured as the Republican governor of South Carolina.
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RECLUS'S THE EARTH. The Earth: A Descriptive History of the Phenomena
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THOMSON'S LAND AND THE BOOK. The Land and the Book; or, Biblical
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TYERMAN'S WESLEY. The Life and Times of the Rev. John Wesley, M.A.,
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VAMBERY'S CENTRAL ASIA. Travels in Central Asia. Being the Account of a
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WOOD'S HOMES WITHOUT HANDS. Homes Without Hands: being a Description of
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