" its plate, xxix, note
" estates, xxix, note
" Park, xx
" Calendar, Registry, Judgment, and Matriculation Books
quoted, l, xxii, xxvi, xc
U.
Ulster lost 30,000 people by emigration in two years (1779), 94
"Una Cum," Clause of, in letters patent of Charles I., quoted, discussed
by Mr. Miller, liii
" not decided by Lord Clare, lxvi
" expunged in alterations made by queen's Letter in 1857, liii,
and note
V.
Visitations in Trinity College in Hutchinson's time, in 1776 and 1791,
xxxiv, and lxvi
W.
Walker's Hibernian Magazine, quoted, xxxviii, xli, lxvi, lxvii
Walpole, Sir Robert, 60
Walpole, Horace, lix
Walpole, Sir Edward, xcv
Warbeck, Perkin, 137
War with Spain, English, Ireland first time taxed for, 44
Weavers of Dublin, their distress and petition, 27
Webb, Alfred, his "Irish Biography," quoted, xxi
Webb, Professor, Q.C., his "Faust," quoted, x, note
"Wellington Correspondence", lxvii
Wellesley, Sir Arthur, lxviii, and lxxxviii
Werburgh's, St., Church, Conformity in, xlvi
Wesley, Hon. Arthur (Duke of Wellington), on College Parliamentary
Committee, voted against Hutchinson, xliii-l
" Chief Secretary for Ireland, lxxxviii
White Boys, 1762, caused by want of means of industry, 44
" produced by the English laws, do.
Will of Provost Hutchinson, lxxiv
" of Mr. Richard Hutchinson, lxxvi
" of Philip Tisdall, xxiii
" of Dr. Duigenan, lxxxix
Wills, Dr., his sketch of Provost Hutchinson, lx
" " of Dr. Duigenan, lxxxviii
William III., his Acts, cvii
" his pledge to ruin the Irish wool trade, cvii
" willing to act fairly by Ireland, civ
Wilson, Sir Robert, lxxxiii
"Winstanley's Poems," xx, note
Wool trade, Ireland's great staple trade, and protected from the time of
Edward III., 55
" ruined by William III., cvii, 59
Wool-running detrimental to England, and beneficial to her Continental
rivals, 77
" could not be prevented in this country, 79
Y.
Yelverton, Barry, his matriculation, a sizar, an usher in Buck's school,
Lord Chief Baron, Lord Avonmore, lxxxvii, note
" Attorney-General, Recorder of Carrickfergus, M.P., presents
the address to Hussey Burgh, his Act for T.C.D. Graduate
Law Students, xii
Young, Dr., Bishop of Clonfert, Ex-F.T.C.D., liv
Printed by M. H. Gill & Son 50 Upper Sackville-street, Dublin.
FOOTNOTES:
[1] His Matriculation is--"1740, April 29th. Johannes Hely, Filius
Francisci Gen. Annum agens 17. Natus Corcagii. Educatus sub Dr. Baly.
(Tutor) Mr. Lawson."
[2] See Note A.
[3] Hutchinson had thus achieved very considerable success and distinction
when he was thirty-seven years of age--"the fatal year" in the development
of genius, according to Lord Beaconsfield. Grattan accomplished his great
work at the age of thirty-six, the age at which Lord Byron had finished
his poetry. Fitzgibbon, too, ran high in this respect. At twenty-nine he
was a leading lawyer, and M.P. for the University, having displaced and
replaced the Provost's son; at thirty-four he was Attorney-General,
governing the country. He was Lord Chancellor and a peer before he had
attained what Dr. Webb, in his "Faust," calls "the mature age of
forty-one." He died at 53.
[4] [Pue's Occur.]
[5] Alnager, or Aulnager, from the Latin _Ulna_, an ell, was an officer
for measuring and stamping cloth in the wool trade. _Pranceriana Poetica_
has the line:--
"Send Prancer back to stamping friezes."
[6] See his will.
[7] See Note E.
[8] Lord Lieutenant Townshend's organ was "The Batchelor; or, Speculations
of Jeoffrey Wagstaffe, Esq.," published at the _Mercury_ in
Parliament-street, by one Hoey, a popish printer. To be "mimicked by
Jephson and libelled by Hoey," were amongst the social terrors of the
period.--[_Baratariana._]
[9] _Pranceriana_ has the line, "To storm her fane in Owen's Arch."
[10] It was Sir Hercules Langrishe who accounted to Lord Lieutenant
Townshend for the marshy and undrained condition of Phoenix Park, by
observing that the English Government "had been too much engaged in
_draining_ the rest of the kingdom."
[11] In 1779 the arms which had been intended for the Militia were given
by Government to the Volunteers, the Militia Enrolment Act of the previous
years not having been carried out, from want of money.
In 1783 the Volunteers were--prematurely--disbanded, and in 1785 the
Militia were enrolled, and Langrishe's Bill obtained from parliament
L20,000 for clothing them. Subsequently the Commissioners of Array were
appointed.
[12] Anthony Malone, along with so many other grandees of the period,
lived in Chancery-lane. It requires an effort of historic faith to realise
that the Chancery-lane of to-day was a couple of generations ago the abode
of such fashion and rank. The fact, however, is quite certain. St. Bride's
Vestry Book contains a copy of Anthony Malone's and Alexander MacAulay's
Opinions _in re_ Powell's Legacy to the Dublin parishes.
[13] See note E.
[14] Froude details the bargain. In 1771 it was important to secure for
the Army Augmentation Bill the support of Hutchinson, who had been
patriotising on the Surplus, Pension, and Septennial Bills. His terms to
Lord Lieutenant Townshend were, "a provision for the lives of his two
sons, one aged 11 and the other 10, by a grant to them or the survivor of
them of some office of at least L500 a year. If no vacancy occurred, then
either a pension, or a salary to that amount to be attached to some office
for them--and his wife to be created a Viscountess."--"English in
Ireland," vol. i., p. 632, and elsewhere.
[15] Palmerston, the Provost's private country residence, was a noble and
beautifully situated mansion on the banks of the Liffey, between
Chapelizod and Lucan. It is now occupied by Stewart's Idiot Asylum.
[16] Tisdall did not outlive him, and Hutchinson got the Principal
Secretaryship.
[17] One of the severest letters in the collection is No. 22, on Edmund
Sexten Pery, who, for fourteen years, was Speaker of the House of Commons.
Patriotic and eminent as Pery was, and upright and loyal as he always was
in the Chair, it cannot be denied that he got the Speakership by an
unworthy manoeuvre. The passage is fully and bitterly rehearsed in the
last volume of the Historical Manuscript Reports. Pery was bought by the
corrupter Townshend at the same time with Hutchinson, Tisdall, Flood, &c.
[18] The Court of King's Bench granted an information in the name of the
king, at the prosecution of the Right Hon. Hely Hutchinson, against Samuel
Leathley, the printer of the _Freeman's Journal_, for publishing in that
paper the article signed "Crito," in November, 1776. The article is not in
the "Pranceriana."--[_Freeman's Journal_, June 9th, 1777.]
[19] The _Pranceriana Poetica_, or _Prancer's Garland_, published in 1779,
opens,
"A harlequin provost, cognomine prancer;
A duellist, scribbler, a fop, and a dancer;
A lawyer, prime sergeant, and judge of assizes;
A parliament man, and a stamper of friezes;
A councillor privy; a cavalry major;
A searcher and packer, comptroller and gauger;
A speecher, a critic, prescriber of rules;
A founder of fencing and 'questrian schools.
If various employments can give a man knowledge,
Then who knows so much as the head of the College?
* * * * *
The Seniors and Juniors in this are agreed,
As a Consul of Rome was Caligula's steed;
They very much fear that if Prancer was dead
Sir John would appoint a Jackass in his stead."
(_Halliday Collection_)
This book also is a collection of fugitive pieces, and it is dedicated to
"Sir John Blacquiere, Knight of the Bath, Alnager of all Ireland, and
Bailiff of the Phoenix Park." There is not a copy in the College
Library. The Royal Irish Academy copies have the excellent woodcuts. In an
autograph note to his own copy of the book, Dr. Stock, F.T.C.D.,
afterwards Bishop of Killala, says that the engravings were made by his
brother, Mr. Frederick Stock, who kept a woollen draper's shop in
Dame-street. He states that the printer, Michael Mills, was forced from
his house by a party of college lads, who conveyed him to the College, and
there pumped on him; and that the late Prime Serjeant Browne, then a
student, had a share in the outrage. Dr. Stock gives the key to the
"Poetica," viz.--Moderator, Prancer, and Hipparchus = the Provost; Dr.
Pomposo and Mendex = Dr. Leland; Matthew Ben Sadi and Dr. Dilemma = Dr.
Forsayeth; Billy Bib = Dr. Hales; and Bezabel Black-letter = Michael
Mills. A copy of the extract is in the possession of Mr. Traynor,
Bookseller, Essex-quay.
[20] "Pranceriana Poetica" says that the Provost multiplied the
composition premiums as means of bribery. It gives one of the Provost's
advertisements (1777): "Any student may be a candidate for all, or for
_any more_ of the said premiums!"
[21] In Sir Bernard de Gomme's map of the city and harbour of Dublin, in
1673, given in Mr. Prendergast's edition of "The Scandinavian Kingdom of
Dublin," p. 229, the college park is marked as set out in paddocks. Dr.
Stubbs says that the park was thrown into its present champaign form, laid
out, and planted in the year 1722, as appears from "Winstanley's Poems,"
vol. i., p. 269. Dublin: 1742.
[22] Other persons also were satirised occasionally in "Pranceriana," as,
for instance, Philip Tisdall in the following description:--"He was a man
formed by nature, and fashioned by long practice, for all manner of court
intrigue. His stature was low, so as to excite neither envy nor
observation; his countenance dismal, his public manners grave, and his
address _humble_. But as in public he covered his prostitution by a
solemnity of carriage, so in private he endeavoured to captivate by
convivial humour, and to discountenance all public virtue by the exercise
of a perpetual, and sometimes not unsuccessful, irony. To these
qualifications he added an extraordinary magnificence of living.(1) His
table was furnished with everything that splendour could suggest, or
luxury could conceive, and his position and policy united to solicit a
multitude of guests. To his house, then, resorted all those who wished
through him to obtain, or learn from him to enjoy, without remorse, those
public endowments which are the purchase of _public infidelity_." Tisdall
was depicted in "Baratariana" also. In the pungent rhyme on "The rejection
of the Altered Money Bill," in 1772, we have--
"The next that stepped forward was innocent Phil,
Who said 'that in things of the kind he'd no skill,
But yet that he thought it a mighty good bill,'
Which nobody can deny."
And again, in "A list of the Pack," we have--
"Lo, Tisdall, whose looks would make honest men start,
Who hangs out in his face the black sign of his heart;
If you thought him no devil his aim he would miss,
For he would, if he could, appear worse than he is.
Then kick out these rascally knaves, boys;
Freemen we will be to our graves, boys;
Better be dead than be slaves, boys;
A coffin or freedom for me."
Philip Tisdall enjoyed a long tenure of very distinguished success. He was
educated at Sheridan's celebrated school in Capel-street, and thence
entered Trinity College as a fellow-commoner in 1718. His Matriculation
is:--"1718, Nov. 11th. Philip Tisdel. Soc. Com. Educatus Dub. Mag.
Sheridan. (Tutor) Mr. Delany." He took his B.A. in the spring
commencements of 1722, the shortened three-and-a-half years' academic
course, as exemplified in the case of Grattan and Fitzgibbon [see note D],
being a fellow-commoner's privilege. In 1739, Tisdall was elected
simultaneously M.P. for Armagh and for the University. He chose the
latter, and succeeded in a parliamentary petition against Alexander
Macaulay. He afterwards contested the seat successfully in 1761 against
Mr. French, Lord Clonmel's nominee; and in 1776 unsuccessfully against
Provost Hutchinson's second son. In 1741, Tisdall was promoted
Third-Serjeant, in 1751 he was Solicitor-General, and from 1761 till his
death he was Attorney-General. In 1761 he was presented by the City of
Cork with its freedom in a silver box. The Solicitor-General Gore was, in
consequence of some of Tisdall's trimming, appointed over his head Chief
Justice of the King's Bench, and soon after was created Lord Annaly.
Tisdall was a very eminent lawyer, and although not at all an orator, he
had great weight and influence in the House of Commons. He commenced
political life as a patriot, and became the organ of the Junto. He was
then, along with Pery and Hutchinson, bought by the corrupter, Lord
Lieutenant Townshend. Tisdall's house was in Chancery-lane, and his
country villa was in Stillorgan. He died in 1777. He was son of Richard
Tisdall, Registrar in Chancery, and succeeded his father in the office,
1744. Philip's wife, Mary, had a pension of one hundred a year, and his
brother Thomas was Registrar of the Court of Admiralty. In his will, made
1772, which is in the Public Record Office, he leaves a remembrance to his
daughter, Elizabeth Morgan, "heretofore amply provided for." The whole of
his real and personal estate he leaves to his wife Mary. His daughter
Elizabeth, by his wife Mary (Singleton), niece and co-heiress of Lord
Chief Justice Singleton, was baptised in St. Bride's Church. She was
married to Colonel Morgan, of Cork Abbey, county Wicklow, and was
grandmother to the late H. U. Tighe, Dean of Ardagh, and of the Chapel
Royal, Dublin, and afterwards of Londonderry.--[Burke's Landed Gentry,
Art., "Tighe of Mitchelstown;" Life of Charlemont. Life of Shelbourne,
Record Office, and S. Bride's Register.]
(1) In the pre-Union times, when a home parliament secured the
residence of our aristocracy and gentry, Dublin was famous for its
fashion and hospitalities. Primate Stone maintained a lordly style at
Leixlip Castle; while, as we read in "Mrs. Delany's Letters," Bishop
Clayton at St. Woolstons, close by, and in St. Stephen's-green, kept
up an equal grandeur. His house in the Green had a front like
Devonshire House, and was _magnifique_. Mrs. Clayton's coach, with six
flouncing Flanders mares, was not "out-looked by any equipage except
the Duke of Dorset's, for she would not be outshone by her neighbours,
a thing not easily done here." The Delanys entertained Viceroyalty at
Delville, fed their own deer, and went about in a coach-and-six. Luke
Gardiner's (Lord Mountjoy) house in the Phoenix Park was the
head-quarters of fashionable life(_a_); and Hussey Burgh drove his
coach-and-six, with outriders. The wealthy wool, linen, silk, &c.,
mercers, of Bride-street and Golden-lane, kept good style and
equipages also, as appears by their wills in the Public Record Office.
(_a_) Gardiner was Master of the Revels, and Surveyor-General of
Customs.
[23] See note E.
[24] Flood, who did not get the provostship, bequeathed, by his will, in
1791, to the college, his estate in Kilkenny, worth L5,000 a year, to
found and endow a professorship of the Erse or Irish language, and to
establish a library of manuscripts and books in that language, and in the
modern polished languages. Provost Hutchinson did not leave a shilling to
the college. Flood's bequest fell through owing to his illegitimacy. He
entered Trinity College as a fellow-commoner, completed his junior
sophister terms, and then migrated _ad eundem_ to Oxford.--[Flood's "Life
of Flood," and Webb's "Com. Biog."]
[25] He was a Commissioner of Barracks; as was also Sir Herc. Langrishe.
Langrishe was, besides, Commissioner of Revenue and Commissioner of
Excise.
[26] There does not seem to have been any Mr. Barlow in these servile days
to exercise the ancient tribunitial power of the Senior Master Non
Regent--the power to veto, in the name of the community, dishonouring
presentations to honorary degrees.
[27] See page liii.
[28] In 1726, Primate Boulter wrote that unless a new Englishman was
appointed to a then vacant bishopric there would be thirteen Irish bishops
to nine English, to the Primate's great dismay. The Editor of "Boulter's
Letters," in 1770, adds, in a note, that there was at one time in the
Irish House of Lords a majority of native bishops, of whom five had been
fellows of the University, viz., Drs. Howard, Synge, Clayton, Whitcombe
(Archbishop of Cashel), and Berkeley. These are, probably, the five
alluded to by Duigenan. In a pamphlet entitled "Thoughts on the Present
State of the College of Dublin," published in 1782, the well-informed
author says that in King William's reign, at or nearly at the same time,
"the people saw ten prelates on the bench, who had been Fellows." The
writer says that there was a great increase in the number of
students--that the undergraduates were 565, the average of entrances 144
yearly, and the average of B.A. degrees, 78.--[_Halliday Collection._]
We can ourselves remember, dating from the year 1830, eight bishops and
one archbishop, all Ex-Fellows. Altogether "there have been seven
archbishops and forty-two bishops of the Irish Church chosen from amongst
the Fellows of Trinity College. Eight have become Members of Parliament,
and six have been raised to the Judicial Bench."--[_Coll. Cal._]
[29] This seems not to have been the case in Dr. Delany's time. See
Primate Boulter's Letters, and Mrs. Delany's, and Swift's.
[30] See page xlv, &c.
[31] The rack-renting cannot have been very exorbitant, inasmuch as the
average rent per acre now paid to the College by its perpetuity tenants is
four shillings and twopence. The great bulk of the College property is
situated in the counties of Armagh, Kerry, and Donegal. The following
statement gives in round numbers the acreage and rental:--
Rent
Acres. Rent. per acre.
Armagh, 23,000 L9,600 8s. 4d.
Kerry, 60,000 11,500 3s. 10d.
Donegal, 62,700 9,000 2s. 10d.
------- ------- --------
Total, 145,700 L30,100 4s. 2d.
The number of perpetuity holdings let by the College are in all
fifty-four; four only are let to persons of the class of tenant-farmers;
of the remaining fifty, sixteen, containing over 60,000 acres, are enjoyed
by three lessees, who pay the College an average rent of 3s. 5d. per
acre.--[See Letter by Rev. J. A. Galbraith, S.F.T.C.D., Bursar, _Freeman's
Journal_, March 6, 1882, and also "Statement to the Chief
Secretary."--_Freeman_, March, 15, 1882.]
[32] The renewal fines in 1850 averaged L6,700 a year. The arbitration at
that time between the College and the tenants cost the College
L3,000.--[See Letter by Rev. T. Stack, S.F.T.C.D., Registrar, printed in
the Report of the Bessborough Commission, and also "Statement" as above.]
[33] This charge, as it stands, rests on a slender foundation, and is very
misleading. The catalogue of the College plate, which, to guard against
such imputations in future, Mr. Hingston, the Chief Steward, has drawn up
with so much care and skill, shows that the old inscribed plate is still
in use; and it enumerates pieces dated as early as 1632 and 1638. A
selection of the service was sent over, in Mr. Hingston's charge, to the
late South Kensington Exhibition, and was greatly admired by all who were
conversant with antique silver art--some of the choicest pieces being
facsimiled for the London Institution. The collection of plate is
abundant, and the store was accumulated in this way. It used to be the
custom that all students at entrance should deposit "caution money," which
was returned to them on graduation. The rich men and Fellow Commoners,
instead of taking back the money, used to present it to the College in the
form of inscribed goblets or tankards, and in the course of years there
was a large assortment of these offerings. Provost Hutchinson had a number
of these tankards melted down and refashioned into the present silver
plates, and this he did with the consent of the Board. Before Hutchinson's
time a large quantity of the plate was sold by the Board, and the produce
was invested in the purchase of land. In 1689, when James II. seized on
the College, the Vice-Provost and Fellows sold L30 worth of the plate for
subsistence of themselves and the Scholars. At the same time all the rest
of the plate was seized on and taken away to the Custom House by Col.
Luttrel, King James's Governor of the city, but it was preserved and
afterwards restored to the College.--[See Mr. Hingston's Catalogue and
_Coll. Cal._ List of Fellows, 1689.]
[34] In 1775, seven marriage dispensations by King's Letters were
obtained.--[Lib. Mun.]
[35] In 1796, the term of grace was extended to a twelvemonth by a King's
Letter.--[Lib. Mun.]
[36] The following--the 5th verse in Milliken's ever popular song, "The
Groves of Blarney"--was an _impromptu_ addition at an electioneering
dinner in the south of Ireland in 1798. It is said to have been intended
as an insult to Lord Donoughmore, who was present, but his Lordship's
readiness completely turned the tables. He applauded the verse, and in a
humorous speech acknowledged the relationship, thanked the author, and
toasted the Murphy's, Clearys, Helys, and others who in the recent
political contest had ventured life and limb in support of the Hutchinson
cause, and had thus made their blood-relationship with him unquestionable.
"'Tis there's the kitchen hangs many a flitch in,
With the maids a stitching upon the stair;
The bread and biske', the beer and whiskey,
Would make you frisky if you were there.
'Tis there you'd see Peg Murphy's daughter
A washing _praties_ forenint the door,
With Roger Cleary, and Father Healy,
All blood relations to my Lord Donoughmore.
Oh, Ullagoane."
Lord Hutchinson always heartily enjoyed this verse, which has become
completely identified with Milliken's song.--(See Crofton Croker's
"Popular Songs of Ireland," pp. 144-8.)
Father Prout has not translated this verse. Why does not Professor Tyrrell
render it, _Graece et Latine_?
[37] He challenged Mr. Doyle to single combat for daring to issue an
address to the University constituency against his (the Provost's) son's
candidature. Mr. Doyle was a helpless invalid at the time, and had to
stand on a spread-out coat, for fear of cold; the combatants met on
Summer-hill, "fired a pistol each, and made up the matter without blood."
Hutchinson had previously challenged Dr. Lucas, the patriot, who was
crippled with rheumatism.
[38] The number now is 1,338, of whom 789 are "Residents"--_i.e._, living
within reach of College opportunities. [See Dr. Haughton's return
analysis, quoted in the _Freeman's Journal_ of January 7, 1882.] The
number of students on the books under the degree of M.A. is 1,253 [see
_College Calendar_ for 1882, page 434]. The number of interns now is 250.
[39] See page xlv.
[40] On this Visitation "Pranc. Poet." has--
"Disgrac'd by libels, worried by his foes
Poor Prancer labours under endless woes;
He therefore only supplicates your Grace
That right or wrong you'll keep him in his place."
The Visitation lasted five days, and was held before Primate Robinson as
Vice-Chancellor for the Duke of Gloucester, and Archbishop Cradock of
Dublin. Hutchinson published a pamphlet reviling the Visitors, and
pronouncing their decision invalid.
[41] A King's Letter was obtained for raising the salary for this special
occasion.--_Lib. Mun._
[42] Duigenan did not execute this intention, as appears by the following
record, kindly supplied by Dr. Carson, S.F.T.C.D.:--"I have to inform you
that I have gone carefully through the College Register for the years 1777
and 1778, and I cannot find therein the least trace of any Visitation
having been held in either of these years. The censure on Dr. Duigenan is
duly recorded under its proper date, in the year 1777; but no further
Collegiate notice appears to have been taken of it."
[43] Walker's Hiber. Mag. 177-8.
[44] Grattan's Life, and _Hib. Mag._
[45] The Round Robiners probably bethought of the case of 1753 when the
patriots who resisted the Court in the matter of the disposal of surplus
revenue were dismissed from office by Primate Stone. They, no doubt, were
afterwards reinstated with honour, but the conspirators of 1789 had to
deal with John Fitzgibbon.--[See "Plowden," p. 311, &c.]
[46] Froude, vol. ii., p. 509.