Rutland, Notts., Leicester, Oxon., Berks.[728] Theobalds (July 17),
St. Albans?, Wrest? (Earl of Kent), Ampthill (July 23), Bletsoe (Lord
St. John, July 24–27), Castle Ashby (Lord Compton, July 27–30), Kirby
(Sir Christopher Hatton, July 30–Aug. 3), Apethorpe (Sir Anthony
Mildmay, Aug. 3–6), Brooke (Sir Edward Noel, Aug. 6–7), Belvoir (Earl
of Rutland, Aug. 7–10), Newark Castle (Aug. 10–11), Rufford Abbey
(Sir George Saville, Aug. 11–14), Newstead Abbey (Sir John Byron,
Aug. 14–17), Nottingham (Thurland House, Aug. 17–18), Loughborough
(Aug. 18–19), Leicester (Earl of Huntingdon, Aug. 19–21), Dingley
(Sir Thomas Griffin, Aug. 21–22), Holdenby (Duke of York, Aug. 22–24),
Grafton (Duke of Lennox, Aug. 24–26?), Hanwell? (Sir Anthony Cope),
Woodstock (Prince Henry, Aug. 26–31?),[729] Rycote (Lord Norris, Aug.
31–Sept. 1?), Bisham (Sir Edward Hoby, Sept. 1?).
Sept. 1 < > 21. WHITEHALL.[730]
Oct. 16. Arrival of Elector Palatine.[731]
Oct. 20. =Lady Elizabeth’s.=[732]
Oct. 29. Visit of Elector to Lord Mayor’s show.[733]
Oct. 31 or Nov. 1. Play put off for Henry’s illness.[734]
Nov. 2 or 3. =Queen’s Revels= (_Coxcomb_)?[735]
Nov. 6. Death of Henry.
Christmas. Twenty plays by =King’s= this winter (Shakespeare’s _1, 2
Hen. IV_ (?), _J. C._, _M. Ado_ (twice), _Oth._, _W. Tale_, _Tp._;
Jonson’s _Alchemist_; Beaumont and Fletcher’s _Philaster_ (twice),
_Maid’s Tragedy_, _King and No King_, _Captain_; Tourneur’s _Nobleman_;
Niccolls’s _Twins_; Ford’s _A Bad Beginning_, and _Cardenio_, _Merry
Devil of Edmonton_, _Knot of Fools_).[736]
Dec. 27. Betrothal of Elector and Elizabeth.[737]
1613
Jan. 1. =Queen’s Revels= (_Cupid’s Revenge_).
Jan. 9. =Queen’s Revels= (_Cupid’s Revenge_).
Feb. 11. Fireworks.
Feb. 13. River triumph.
Feb. 14 (S.S.). Wedding of Elector and Elizabeth. Lords’ mask (by
Campion).
Feb. 15. Ringing. Middle Temple and Lincoln’s Inn mask (by Chapman).
Feb. 16. =King’s.= Mask put off.
Feb. 20. Inner Temple and Gray’s Inn mask (by Beaumont).
Feb. 21. Banquet for James and the maskers.
Feb. 25. =Lady Elizabeth’s= (_Dutch Courtesan_).
Feb. 27. =Queen’s Revels= (_Widow’s Tears_).
March 1. =Lady Elizabeth’s= (_Raymond Duke of Lyons_).
March 2. =Prince Charles’s= (_1 The Knaves_).
March 2–_c._ 4. Visit of Charles and Elector to Cambridge, with
Brooke’s _Adelphe_ (Mar. 2) and _Scyros_ (Mar. 3) by Trinity men.
March? Visit by Frederick to Oxford.[738]
March 10. =Prince’s= (_2 The Knaves_).
March 24. Tilt.[739]
Apr. 10. Departure of Elector and Elizabeth, accompanied by James to
Rochester (Apr. 13).[740]
Apr. 24–June 17. PROGRESS of Anne.[741] Hampton Court, with James,
Windsor, Reading (the Friars), Caversham (Lord Knollys, Apr.
27–28),[742] Bath, Bristol (Marchioness of Winchester, June 4–8),[743]
Siston (Sir Henry Billingsley, June 8), Bishop’s Cannings (June
11).[744]
May 26. GREENWICH.[745]
June 8. =King’s= (_Cardenio_) for Savoyard ambassador.
July 1–4. Visits to Hampton Court and Oatlands.[746]
_c._ July 8. WHITEHALL.[747]
_c._ July 18. WINDSOR.[748]
July 19 < > 20–_c._ Aug. 21. PROGRESS in Surrey, Hants, and Wilts.[749]
Farnham (Bp. of Winchester, July 20), Basing (Marquis of Winchester,
July 23), Andover (July 24, 26), Lydiard (Sir Oliver St. John?, July
27), Charlton (Earl of Suffolk, July 31), Salisbury (Aug. 5), Beaulieu
(Earl of Southampton, _c._ Aug. 6 < > 21).
July-Sept. Visits of Anne to Bath and Wells (Aug. 20–22).[750]
_c._ Aug. 21. WINDSOR.[751]
Sept. 8. WHITEHALL.[752]
_c._ Sept. 28. Visit to Hampton Court.[753]
Nov. 1. =King’s.=
Nov. 4. =King’s.=
Nov. 5. =King’s.=
Nov. 15. =King’s.=
Nov. 16. =King’s.=
Dec. 12. =Lady Elizabeth’s= (_Dutch Courtesan_).
Dec. 24 or 28. =Queen’s.=
Dec. 26. Mask (by Campion) for wedding of Earl of Somerset and Frances
Howard.
Dec. 27. =King’s.= Challenge for tilt, with device by Jonson.
Dec. 29. Mask (_Irish Mask_) for wedding.
1614
Jan. 1. Tilt. =King’s.=
Jan. 3. _Irish Mask_ repeated.
Jan. 4. =King’s.=
Jan. 4. Play and two masks (one Middleton’s lost _Mask of Cupid_) by
City at Merchant Taylors for wedding.[754]
Jan. 5. =Queen’s.=
Jan. 6. Gray’s Inn mask (_Mask of Flowers_) for wedding.[755]
Jan. 10. =King’s.=
Jan. 25. =Lady Elizabeth’s= (_Eastward Hoe_).
Feb. 2. =King’s.=
Feb. 3. Play (Daniel’s _Hymen’s Triumph_) for wedding of Lord
Roxborough and Jean Drummond at Somerset House.
Feb. 4. =King’s.= Play for Lord Mayor at Somerset House.[756]
Feb. 8. =King’s.=
Feb. 10. =King’s.=
Feb. 18. =King’s.=
March 6 (S.S.). =King’s.=
March 8. =King’s.=
March 24. Tilt.[757]
June 8 < > 12. GREENWICH.[758]
June 21. WHITEHALL.[759]
June 29. Visit to Richmond.[760]
July 17–23. PROGRESS in Herts., Essex, Beds., broken by Denmark
visit.[761] Theobalds (July 17), The Rye in Hatfield Broadoak (Richard
Francke, July 18–19), Audley End (Earl of Suffolk, July 19–21), Royston
(July 21–22), Haynes (Robert Newdigate, July 22–23).
July 22. Arrival of Christian IV, King of Denmark, at Somerset
House.[762]
July 24 < > 30. Plays before Christian.[763]
Aug. 1. Visit to Woolwich, Rochester, and Gravesend for departure of
Christian.[764]
Aug. 1–31. PROGRESS resumed in Herts., Northants., Rutland, Notts.,
Leicestershire, Oxon., Berks.[765] Theobalds (Aug. 1), Apethorpe (Sir
Anthony Mildmay, Aug. 3–4), Burley on the Hill (Lord Harington, Aug.
4–6), Belvoir (Earl of Rutland, Aug. 6–9), Newark Castle (Aug. 9–10),
Rufford Abbey (Sir George Saville, Aug. 10–15), Newstead Abbey (Sir
John Byron, Aug. 15–17), Nottingham (Thurland House, Aug. 17–18),
Leicester (Earl of Huntingdon, Aug. 18–19), Dingley (Sir Thomas
Griffin, Aug. 19–20), Holdenby (Duke of York, Aug. 20–22), Grafton
(Duke of Lennox, Aug. 22–25), Woodstock (Aug. 25–29), Oxford (Aug. 29),
Rycote (Lord Norris, Aug. 29–30), Bisham (Sir Edward Hoby, Aug. 30–31).
> Sept. 11. WHITEHALL.[766]
Nov. 1. =Lady Elizabeth’s= (_Bartholomew Fair_).
Christmas. Plays this winter by =King’s= (eight), =Queen’s= (three),
=Elector Palatine’s= (three), =Prince’s= (six).[767]
1615
Jan. 6. Household mask (_Mercury Vindicated_?).
Jan. 8. Mask repeated.
Feb. 19–21 (S.). Mask by Spanish ambassador?[768]
March 7–11. Visit of James and Charles to Cambridge.[769]
March 24. Tilt.[770]
May 13–15. Visit to Cambridge.
> May 21. GREENWICH.[771]
_c._ July 2–5. Visit to Oatlands.[772]
July 20. WINDSOR.[773]
July 21–_c._ Sept. 2. PROGRESS in Surrey, Hants, Wilts., and
Dorset.[774] Bagshot (July 22), Basing (Marquis of Winchester, July
23), Andover (July 26), Salisbury (July 28–31, Aug. 5), Lulworth
Castle (Viscount Bindon, Aug. 15), Broadlands (Henry? St. Barbe, Aug.
27), Tichborne (Sir Benjamin Tichborne, Aug. 29), Farnham (Bp. of
Winchester, Aug. 31).
_c._ Sept. 2. WINDSOR.[775]
Sept. 2 < > Oct. 18. WHITEHALL.[776]
Dec. 17. =Queen’s= at Somerset House.
Dec. 21. =King’s= at Somerset House.
Christmas. Plays this winter by =King’s= (fourteen), =Queen’s= (four),
and =Prince’s= (four).
1616
Jan. 1. Household mask (_Golden Age Restored_?).
Jan. 6. Mask repeated.
Feb. 11–13 (S.).
March 4 < > 16. Visit to Royston, with play (_Susenbrotus_?) by
Cambridge men.[777]
March 25. Tilt.[778]
Apr. 23. _Obiit Gulielmus Shakespeare._
APPENDIX B
COURT PAYMENTS
The body of this appendix contains extracts from the accounts of the
Treasurer of the Chamber and the Office of Revels, in which expenditure
on plays or masks at court is recorded. But in view of the importance
of these documents as sources for the history of court entertainment,
it will be well to add something about their general nature and state
of preservation to what has already been said about the procedure of
the Treasurer of the Chamber in ch. ii and that of the Revels Office in
ch. iii.
THE AUDIT OF HOUSEHOLD ACCOUNTS
Most, but not all, of the accounts preserved are records of audit.
There is, unfortunately, no systematic history of the Audit Office; but
the somewhat scrappy notices in F. S. Thomas, _The Ancient Exchequer
of England_ (1848), and H. Hall, _Studies in English Official
Historical Documents_ (1908), and _A Formula Book of English
Official Historical Documents_, Part II (1909), may be supplemented
for the Tudor period by the valuable study of M. D. George, _The
Origin of the Declared Account_ (1916, E. H. R. xxxi. 41). The
Record Office series of _Lists and Indexes_ includes lists of
_Declared Accounts_ (ii) and _Exchequer Accounts_ (xxxv).
Normally the auditing of royal expenditure was a function of the
mediaeval Exchequer. The procedure was for the officer charged with
incurring expenditure to appear as accountant before the Auditor-Baron
and his Clerk, and produce detailed statements, known as ‘particulars’,
together with vouchers for sums already spent out of any ‘imprest’ or
advance that had been made to him, and the warrants under which his
expenditure was authorized. From these the Exchequer officers prepared
a ‘compotus’ or balance sheet, signed it, when the balance was settled,
as a record that the accountant was ‘quietus’ or quit from debt to
the Crown, and passed it through the King’s Remembrancer to the Lord
Treasurer’s Remembrancer, in whose office it was enrolled by the Clerk
of the Pipe on the roll of ‘foreign’ or non-revenue accounts. It
was then returned to the King’s Remembrancer, who kept it, with the
particulars and vouchers as subsidiary documents. It was a lengthy
and cumbrous process. Moreover, the Lord Treasurer, like the Lord
Chancellor, was one of the high officers of state whose functions came
at an early date under the control of the barons, and the same motives,
which led the sovereign (cf. ch. ii) to develop in the Wardrobe and
Chamber an executive machinery independent of the Lord Chancellor, also
led him to desire that his more private expenditure should be withdrawn
from the survey of the Exchequer. Thus we find the Treasurer of the
Chamber accountable (cf. ch. ii) at the end of the fifteenth century
to the King alone, and in the mid-sixteenth century to the Court of
Surveyors or to _ad hoc_ auditors specially appointed by the King
or the Privy Council. When the Court of Augmentations absorbed the
Court of Surveyors in 1553, its establishment included two Auditors
of Prests, and although this court was itself merged in the Exchequer
under Mary, the more up-to-date methods of auditing were continued by
Elizabeth’s appointment in 1560, as themselves Exchequer officers, of
two ‘Auditores de lez Prestes et Compotorum forinsecorum nostrorum’.
The main difference between the methods of the Auditors of the Prests
and that of the Auditor-Baron appears to have been that the personal
appearance of the accountant was no longer necessary, who now himself
prepared in duplicate a balance sheet known as his Original Account,
or Book of Account, of which one copy was signed after examination and
returned to him as evidence of his quittance, while the other was kept
by the Auditors, who based upon it a summary known as the Declared or
Recorded Account, which took the place of the old _Compotus_.
This also was in duplicate. Apparently the Auditors kept one copy,
on paper, and sent another, on parchment, for preservation, as of
record, in the Pipe Office. I understand Miss George, however, to
think that the accountant was entitled to the paper copy, if he
chose to pay a fee for it, which he very often did not. The amount
of detail taken into the Declared Account from the Original Account
varied for different offices. The Revels Declared Accounts are very
summary; those of the Treasurer of the Chamber, at any rate as regards
play-payments, practically duplicates of the Original Accounts, except
that, unfortunately, the names of plays, which sometimes appeared in
the Original Accounts, are usually omitted. The Auditors also kept the
subsidiary documents submitted with the Original Account, and became
involved in a controversy, recorded in T. Fanshawe, _The Practice
of the Exchequer Court_ (1658), with the King’s Remembrancer, who
claimed that they should come to him. The King’s Remembrancer did
apparently see the Declared Account on its way to the Pipe Office, and
enrolled it, or a further summary of it. About 1603 all the Household
accounts appear to have gone before the Auditors of the Prests, except
those of the Cofferer, which still followed the old course of the
Exchequer. The procedures here described explain the provenance of such
Household accounts as belong to the official repositories now united in
the Record Office; some others, preserved there or elsewhere, come from
the private archives of the accountants themselves, being either the
audit duplicates supplied to them, or office copies and drafts of their
own Original Accounts, or the journals, pay books, and ledgers from
which these were prepared.
CHAMBER ACCOUNTS
The following accounts appear to be extant.
(a) _Mediaeval Period._
A few accounts and subsidiary documents of the reigns of Edward II,
Edward III, and Richard II are included in the Foreign Accounts on the
Great Rolls of the Exchequer (_P. R. O. Lists and Indexes_, xi.
108, 109), and in the Exchequer Wardrobe and Household Accounts (_L.
and I_. xxxv. 376, 379, 380, 382, 386, 391, 392, 396, 540). The
earliest are described, with extracts, by J. C. Davies, _The First
Journal of Edward II’s Chamber_ (_E. H. R._ xxx. 662).
(b) _Early Tudor Period._
A number of accounts passed from the Augmentation Office to the
Exchequer and were amalgamated in 1839 with others from the office of
the King’s Remembrancer in a series of Exchequer Accounts, Various.
Here they are numbered 413 to 427. They are mainly accounts of
revenue and subsidiary documents, but a few accounts of payments
presented to the Record Office by the Trevelyan family have been added
to the series, and with them are listed as Wardrobe and Household
Accounts (_L. and I._ xxxv) some other payment accounts from
the Miscellaneous Books of the Treasury of Receipt of the Exchequer,
and one from the Miscellaneous Books of the Court of Augmentations.
Other payment accounts are in the British Museum and in unofficial
collections. It may be the case, as Newton, 359, suggests, that these
or some of them were abstracted from the Records by officials of
antiquarian tastes, but it must be remembered that duplicates even of
audited accounts were often kept by the accountants. These accounts are
generally known as The King’s Books of Payments. The following can be
traced:
i. _Accounts of John Heron._
Three Books of Payments, for 1505–9, 1509–18, and 1518–21 respectively,
with many royal signatures by way of audit, are now in the P. R.
O. (_Misc. Books of Treasury of Receipt_, 214, 215, 216). The
contents of the Henry VIII books are abstracted in Brewer, ii. 1441;
iii. 1533. There must once have been an earlier book, for Collier, i.
49, 52, 76, gives extracts from one for 1492–1505, which he describes
as ‘formerly in the Chapter-house, Westminster’, as well as from
the three now extant, which he describes as ‘in the Chapter-house’.
Possibly this was _Addl. MS._ 21480, which has been traced back
(Newton, 359) through the hands of Craven Ord (a friend of Collier)
and Thomas Astle to those of Peter Le Neve, a Deputy-Chamberlain of
the Exchequer. But _Addl. MS._ 21481, which also came from Le
Neve, is a duplicate of the R. O. books for 1505–18, and therefore
_Addl. MS._ 21480 may only have been a duplicate of the missing
volume. Both the _Addl. MSS._ contain the royal signatures. Craven
Ord made some extracts which are now _Addl. MSS._ 7099, 7100,
and to these those supplied by Astle to R. Henry, _History of Great
Britain_, vi (1793), app., and those in S. Bentley, _Excerpta
Historica_ (1831), 85, owe their origin. Collier, i. 49, also cites
a small book for 1501–2 kept (perhaps under Heron) by one Robert
Fowler, which refers to parallel payments made by Thomas Trollop.
ii. _Accounts of Brian Tuke._
A book signed monthly by Henry VIII, with some entries from 31 Dec.
1528 to 30 June 1529, but mainly covering the period from 17 Nov.
1529 to 29 Dec. 1532, was printed by N. H. Nicolas from a MS.
then in his possession as _The Privy Purse Expenses of Henry the
Eighth_ (1827) and misdescribed as an account of the Treasurer of
the Household. Presumably this MS. is identical with that owned by
Sir O. Bridgeman in 1634 and now _Addl. MS._ 20030. It overlaps
with an account for 1 Oct. 1528 to May 1531, presented by Sir W. C.
Trevelyan to the P. R. O. (_Exchequer Accounts, Various_, 420/11);
extracts are given in _Trevelyan Papers_ (C. S.), i. 136, and
an abstract in Brewer, v. 303. Collier, i. 116, and Nicolas (_ut
supra_), xxviii, give extracts from an account for Feb. 1538 to June
1541 in the possession of the Royal Society, presumably a duplicate of
the account for the same period in _Arundel MS._ 97, incorrectly
catalogued by the B.M. as an account of the Treasurer of the Household,
and abstracted in Brewer, xiii. 2. 524; xiv. 2. 303; xvi. 178, 698. An
account for May to Sept. 1542 in _Stowe MS._ 554 is abstracted in
Brewer, xvii. 474. Collier, i. 117, gives extracts from an account for
1543–4 in Craven Ord’s collection.
iii. _Accounts of William Cavendish._
Account for 31 March 1547 to 31 Sept. 1549, of which extracts are given
in _Trevelyan Papers_, i. 191, ii. 13, were presented by Sir W. C.
Trevelyan to the P. R. O. (_Exchequer Accounts, Various_, 426/5,
6). _Misc. Exch. Augm._ 439 for 1547–8 is referred to by Newton,
359, as a Chamber account, and is presumably a duplicate.
iv. _Account of Edmund Felton._
A Declared Account for 1 Apr. to 31 Dec. 1557 is in _D. A. Pipe
Office_, 541. Stopes, _Hunnis_, 145, cites a ‘Compotus Marie Rither and
Edmond Felton’ for 5 and 6 Edw. VI (_Queen’s Remembrancia_, 77/5) as a
Chamber Account. It is doubtless a Cofferer’s Account.
(c) _Elizabethan and Jacobean Periods._
i. _Accounts in P. R. O._
The P. R. O. contains Chamber Accounts in four forms. Original
Accounts, as submitted for audit, are in _Audit Office, Accounts
Various_, 3/127–9. These are no doubt the ‘very incomplete’ set from
which extracts are given by Cunningham, xxvii. So far as play-payments
are concerned, they do not appear to be more detailed than the Declared
Accounts annually drawn up from them by the auditors, of which there
are duplicate sets, both nearly complete, belonging respectively
to the Audit Office and to the Pipe Office in the Lord Treasurer’s
Remembrancer’s Department of the Exchequer. They cover the terms of
office of Mason (1558–66), Knollys (1566–70), Heneage (1570–95),
Killigrew (1595–6), and Stanhope (1596–1617). From the Pipe Office
series I supplemented Cunningham’s extracts in _M. L. R._ ii
(1906), 1; iv (1909), 153, and give a complete record of play-payments
below. The payments are also given for 1558–85 from the Audit Office
series in Wallace, i (1912), 210, and very imperfectly from the Pipe
Office series for 1559–97 in Stopes, _Hunnis_, 318. Finally,
there are Enrolled Accounts in the King’s Remembrancer’s Department
(Scargill-Bird^1, liv). A single book for 1569–70 is in the same
Department (_Exchequer Accounts, Various_, 430/15). It appears to
be an office book, and has some original signatures by way of receipts
for payments.
ii. _Accounts in British Museum._
_Harl._ 1641 and 1642 are duplicates of Heneage’s accounts for
1585–6 and 1593–4 as prepared for audit. _Harl._ 1644 is an office
book, 1581–3, containing signatures by way of receipts for wages and
the like.
iii. _Accounts in Bodleian._
_Rawlinson MS._ A. 204, ff. 212, 269, contains duplicates of
Stanhope’s accounts for 1604–5 and 1610–11 as prepared for audit, and
_Rawlinson MSS._ A. 239 and 240 (formerly _Pepys MSS._ 78 and
79) are similar duplicates of his accounts for 1612–13 and 1616–17.
They are possibly office drafts, with some notes by a checking officer
or an auditor, but are not signed either by accountant or auditors.
Occasionally they are slightly more detailed as regards play entries
than the Declared Accounts. Thus in 1610–11 and 1612–13 they give
some dates of performances instead of the mere number for the season,
and in 1612–13 they even give the titles of the plays. Extracts of
these titles are given in Halliwell-Phillipps, ii. 87, and _N. S. S.
Trans._ (1875–6) 419, and more completely below. Similar entries
are given by P. Cunningham in _Sh. Soc. Papers_, ii. 123, not
direct from the manuscript, but from notes taken therefrom by Vertue
and Oldys. These had passed, in the case of the Oldys notes through
Percy, to Steevens, and from him to Hazlewood, who had copied them, as
Oldys and Steevens had done, into an interleaved Langbaine. Malone had
already used Vertue’s notes.
I should add that many ‘declarations’ or memoranda on the business of
the Treasurer of the Chamber and the state of his finances from time
to time are to be found in the Domestic State Papers, in Lansdowne and
other B.M. MSS., and in a volume (_Lord Steward’s Misc._ 301)
collected by Sir J. Caesar.
REVELS ACCOUNTS
The following accounts appear to be extant:
(a) _Early Tudor Period._
(i) _Accounts of Richard Gibson._
Brewer, ii. 1490; iii. 35, 1548; iv. 418, 837, 1390, 1392, 1415, 1603,
3073, gives abstracts of a series of accounts, ranging from 1510 to
1530, some or all of which are presumably taken from _Miscellaneous
Books of the Treasury of the Receipt of the Exchequer_, 217, 228,
229.
(ii) _Accounts of John Bridges._
It appears from extracts given by Kempe, 69, that some accounts of John
Bridges between 1539, when he became Yeoman of the Revels, and 1544,
when Cawarden became Master, are at Loseley.
(iii) _Accounts of Sir Thomas Cawarden._
Many of these are at Loseley, often in more than one copy. Kempe, 69,
gives a few extracts for the last years of Henry VIII, and the most
important documents for the next three reigns, ranging from 1547 to
1559; are printed by A. Feuillerat in _Materialien_, xxi and xliv,
with accompanying warrants and other subsidiary documents. From 1547
to 1550 the accounts are mainly office copies of ‘particular’ books,
setting out the details and cost of each individual revel, airing, or
the like; but for 1550–55, and again for 1555–9, the ‘particular paye
bookes’ are brought together with summaries in two great ‘Certificates’
(_Loseley MSS._ 62 and 63), which relate to the Tents as well as
the Revels. The second of these includes, as well as money accounts,
inventories of the office stuff and notes of its employment in masking
and other garments during 1555–60, and a similar record for 1550–5 is
in _Loseley MS._ 112. These Certificates, although signed by the
Clerk, Clerk Controller, and Yeoman, are not audited. Probably they are
office copies of Original Accounts prepared for audit.
(b) _Elizabethan Period._
Eleven Original Accounts of the Masters or Acting Masters of the
Revels, with annotations by the Auditors, are in _R. O. Audit
Office, Accounts Various_, 3, 907 (formerly 1213). They relate to
the periods: (i) Feb. 1571–May 1572; (ii) June 1572–Oct. 1573; (iii)
Nov. 1573–Feb. 1574; (iv) March 1574–Feb. 1575; (v) March 1576–Feb.
1577; (vi) Feb. 1578–Oct. 1579; (vii) Nov. 1579–Oct. 1580; (viii) Nov.
1580–Oct. 1581; (ix) Nov. 1582–Oct. 1583; (x) Nov. 1584–Oct. 1585; (xi)
Nov. 1587–Oct. 1588. It will be seen that a regular annual system,
starting with the opening of the season for revels at All Saints in
each year, was ultimately adopted. All these accounts were printed in
P. Cunningham, _Extracts from the Accounts of the Revels at Court_
(1842, _Sh. Soc._), but (ii) imperfectly and (xi) from an
unaudited duplicate in the same bundle. These vagaries are corrected in
the text of Feuillerat (1908, _Materialien_, xxi), who also gives
an account for Nov. 1587–Oct. 1589 from _Lansd. MS._ 59, f. 38,
which in part duplicates (xi), and much illustrative matter, including
an estimate in some detail of the expenditure from Christmas 1563 to
Shrovetide 1565 from _S. P. Dom. Eliz._ xxxvi. 22. The Audit
Office series of Declared Accounts for the Revels is imperfect, but
contains two, printed by Feuillerat, for the years 1581–2 and 1583–4,
for which there are no Original Accounts. The Pipe Office series
appears to be complete.
(c) _Jacobean Period._