the locality, and especially of the bone-bearing levels, is not well
known. Most persons who have labored there were interested almost wholly
in getting as many bones as possible and then in getting away. Cooper,
as cited, published a map of the region and indicated where the
excavations had been made up to that time. This map is here presented,
redrawn (map 41). From Cooper’s account it appears that all of the bones
had been found within a very circumscribed area, near a number of salt
springs. The bones occurred on the surface and as deep as 25 feet.
Cooper attributed this variation of depth to the unevenness of the
surface, his idea being that the bone-bearing stratum occupied a certain
level. He concluded that the valley had been filled up to a depth of not
less than 30 feet by unconsolidated beds of various kinds, of which the
uppermost was a light-yellow clay. This appeared to have been brought
down from the higher grounds by flowing water. In it were found bones of
buffaloes and other modern animals. Below this came a thinner layer of
darker color, softer and more gravelly, which contained remains of reedy
plants and fresh-water mollusks. It is described as being sometimes very
thin or even wanting. It was in this layer that the bones, or most of
them, were buried. It was itself underlain by a bed of blue clay of a
very compact and tenacious kind. Cooper added that this bone-bearing
layer appeared sometimes to be embedded in the blue clay.
The next important investigations made at this place, so far as the
writer knows, are those instituted by Professor N. S. Shaler in 1868
(Geol. Surv. Kentucky, 2d ser., vol. III, 1877, pp. 196–198; Allen’s
“The American Bison,” 1876, pp. 232–236). He reported that he had sent
to the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard at least a ton of bones.
Immediately at the salt springs Shaler appears not to have been able to
discover any order in the disposition of the bones. “It is only at
points remote from the springs, where the beds seem to have been formed
by a mixture of the creek mud and the waste from the springs, that we
find the remains in the order which will enable us to form some opinion
as to the succession of occurrence of these animals at this point.” At
one place he thought he had succeeded in finding a distinct order of
succession. Just where this place was he did not indicate, nor what
kinds of deposits were passed through. The depth reached appears to have
been only 8 feet. Unfortunately, the great collection made by Shaler has
remained unstudied, except the remains of the buffalo (J. A. Allen, “The
American Bison,” 1876, with plates).
Shaler thought that the beds of glacial drift did not extend south of
Ohio River. The discovery that the Illinoian drift-sheet covers most of
Boone County (Leverett, Monogr. U. S. Geol. Surv., vol. XLI, pp.
257–258) throws much light on the history of the locality. It appears
rather strange that Shaler did not find rocks of far northern origin at
Bigbone Lick. The geologic history appears to be something like this.
When the Illinoian ice-sheet crossed the Ohio there was present the
predecessor of Bigbone Creek. Inasmuch as the glacial sheet did not
remain there long, a rather thin deposit was laid down in the creek.
This is probably represented by the bed of blue mud mentioned by Cooper.
When the glacier retired, the locality became a swamp covered probably
by vegetation and receiving mud and gravel brought there by the stream
and washed down from the surrounding hills. Doubtless the salt springs
existed then as now and attracted thither elephants, mastodons, and
other species. What were all the changes undergone there between the
Illinoian and Wisconsin drift stages can not be guessed; but during the
latter time, when the Ohio was carrying down vast quantities of
detritus, some from the glaciated regions, some from the non-glaciated,
its muddy waters were often backed up into Bigbone Creek, as they are
sometimes now, and they left there the upper yellow clay described by
Cooper, or at least most of it. When the Wisconsin stage had passed and
Bigbone Creek was free to work in that valley, erosion began. As the
creek was cutting down its bed to the present level it doubtless often
changed its position, and in this way produced the irregularity of
surface which both Cooper and Shaler mention.
Notwithstanding its widely extended reputation, Bigbone Lick has
furnished relatively few species of vertebrates, and there is question
regarding the antiquity of some of these. About the presence of _Mammut
americanum_ there is no doubt. About the presence of elephants also
there can be no question; and the writer is quite certain that both
_Elephas primigenius_ and _E. columbi_ occurred there. Undoubtedly
_Equus complicatus_ has been collected there; also _Boötherium
bombifrons_, _Symbos cavifrons_, _Bison antiquus_, and _B. bison_; but
it is not certain that the remains of the last-named species are not of
Recent times. Shaler mentions the presence of _Bison latifrons_, but he
probably had in mind _B. antiquus_. The type of _B. latifrons_ was found
in another creek valley. The occurrence of the _Cervus canadensis_,
_Odocoileus virginianus_, and _Alces americanus_ is mentioned by Cooper,
who stated that he thought he had seen traces of all of them. Shaler was
doubtful as to the elk. In Allen’s monograph on American bison, on page
234, Shaler admits the moose. The following is a list of the species
which have been reported from Bigbone Lick. References are made to pages
where further information is given on the species.
Megalonyx jeffersonii (p. 44).
Mylodon harlani (p. 44).
Equus complicatus (p. 202).
?Tapirus haysii (p. 209).
Odocoileus virginianus (p. 234).
Cervus canadensis (p. 243).
Cervalces scotti.
Alces americanus.
Rangifer caribou (p. 247).
Boötherium bombifrons (p. 255).
Symbos cavifrons (p. 255).
Bison antiquus (p. 265).
Bison bison (p. 270).
Mammut americanum (p. 128).
Elephas primigenius (p. 146).
Elephas columbi (p. 160).
Ursus americanus.
It is proper now to determine, if possible, during which of the
Pleistocene stages each of these species lived. It is quite probable
that none of the individual animals that have been dug up at Bigbone
Lick lived there before the Illinoian glacial stage. To find such, if
they have been preserved there, the excavations would have to be carried
much deeper. The writer assumes that any of the animals that lived there
in the interval between the Illinoian and the Wisconsin stages lived,
died, and were buried during the Sangamon stage. _Megalonyx jeffersonii_
may belong to the Sangamon or to the Late Wisconsin, for we know nothing
about the depth at which the bones and teeth were secured. _Mylodon
harlani_ is not known to have existed anywhere after the Wisconsin, and
hence we may refer it to the Sangamon. _Equus complicatus_ also may with
certainty be referred to the Sangamon; likewise _Tapirus haysii_, in
case the type was not found in South Carolina. As to the cervids
_Odocoileus virginianus_, _Cervus canadensis_, _Alces americanus_, their
status is doubtful. They might go back to the Sangamon or have lived
there at any time up to and during the Recent. The reindeer is most
likely to have existed there during the Wisconsin ice-stage. The fine
specimen of _Cervalces scotti_ at Princeton University was found in New
Jersey in deposits overlying Wisconsin drift, but it may be taken as
certain that the species had existed before the time of the Wisconsin.
There is no record of depth, matrix, or associated fossils in the case
of the type of this species, which was found at Bigbone Lick. It is
natural to refer the two species of musk-oxen to the Wisconsin stage;
but there are indications that at least _Symbos cavifrons_ has been
found at other localities in pre-Wisconsin deposits. Shaler recorded it
as being found near the bottom of his excavation with the horse and with
the bison which he called _Bison latifrons_, but which is _Bison
antiquus_. It and _Symbos cavifrons_ probably belong to the Sangamon.
From the fact that bones of the mastodon and the two species of
elephants were found by Shaler in the deeper deposits, it is probable
that the individuals represented belonged to the Sangamon or some other
pre-Wisconsin deposit; but, inasmuch as all three species lived after
the Wisconsin, there seems to be no known reason why some of their bones
may not have been buried in the late and superficial deposits at Bigbone
Lick. As to the bones of the bear found at this place little can be
said.
The numerous remains of _Bison bison_ appear by all accounts to have
been found only in the uppermost parts of the deposits. Shaler was of
the opinion that the buffalo (Allen’s “The American Bison,” p. 234) had
come to the region east of Mississippi River at a very late period,
after the disappearance from Bigbone Lick of the elephants, the
mastodon, and _Symbos_. It seems to the present writer that the presence
of the existing buffalo east of the Mississippi only after the passing
of the Wisconsin ice-sheet is quite certain; but that it came only after
the extinction of the great proboscideans is hardly to be sustained. In
many localities over the country remains of all three species have been
found in swamps overlying the Wisconsin drift. In 1890 (Amer.
Naturalist, vol. XXIV, p. 953), Professor Lucien Underwood described a
fine skull of the American buffalo which had been found in making a
sewer at Syracuse, New York. Underwood stated that it had been found in
black muck, at a depth of 10 feet; but Mr. John Cunningham,
superintendent of grounds at the university, who saw the place and
secured the skull from the laborer who encountered it, told the present
writer that the depth was 17 feet. It would seem that that bison had
lived on the shores of Onondaga Lake not long after the Wisconsin
glacier had withdrawn from the place.
We do not know under what geological conditions the type of _Bison
latifrons_ was found; but it pretty certainly came from post-Illinoian
deposits, probably Sangamon, along possibly Woolper’s Creek in Boone
County. Proboscidean remains have been reported from the Kentucky side
of the Ohio in the region of Cincinnati, but it would be hazardous at
present to assign them a geological age. The same may be said about the
mastodon remains found in digging the canal around the falls, although
the low level along the river seems to indicate the Late Wisconsin.
A collection, forming probably two farm-wagon loads, was made several
years ago at Bluelick Springs, by Mr. Thomas W. Hunter. The springs
having failed, Mr. Hunter undertook to dig down and restore the flow. In
this he failed, but he did find great quantities of bones, mostly those
of the mastodon, but also of elephants, buffaloes, and a few others (p.
129). There were about 100 mastodon teeth, many tusks, and large pieces
of these; and of these pieces about 20 had been planed off so as to be
flat on one or on two sides, as if they had lain in the bottom of a
stream and the water and sand had worn them down on one side and then
the tusks had been turned over and undergone a planing of the opposite
side. Among the bones were two ungual phalanges of _Megalonyx
jeffersonii_ (p. 44), and remains of the elk (p. 243), and deer (p.
234). To none of the species found there need one assign a higher
antiquity than late Pleistocene; but some might have been older. In
Scott County, between Stamping Ground and Georgetown, there has been
found, in the bottom of an old sink-hole, a part of a lower jaw with
teeth of _Tapirus haysii_ (p. 210). The time of existence of this animal
is to be regarded as lying somewhere back of the Wisconsin glacial
stage. With this jaw, Professor Arthur M. Miller sent to the writer some
pieces of jaws of _Tapirus haysii_ (p. 210) which had been found in an
old stream-deposit at Yarnallton, Fayette County. From a fissure filled
with calcite, at Monday’s Landing, Mercer County, there has been sent to
the writer, by Professor Miller, a molar tooth of a horse (p. 202).
Nothing more can be said of this horse than that it is older than the
Wisconsin stage. It may be as old as the first interglacial.
About 5 or 6 miles below Henderson, on Ohio River, many years ago,
considerable parts of the skeleton of _Megalonyx jeffersonii_ were found
(p. 44). With them were reported to have been discovered antlers and
bones of the deer (p. 234). A description of the locality was sent to
Joseph Leidy and published by him in his work on ground-sloths (Smiths.
Contrib. Knowl., vol. VII, art. 5, p. 7). The bone-bed lay at an
elevation of only 5 or 6 feet above an ordinary stage of low water. It
was composed of a ferruginous sand and contained various species of
fresh-water mollusks and stems and limbs of trees. This was underlain by
a bluish clay, while above it, rising 40 or 50 feet, were beds of
siliceous earth and widely spread marls. Neither the geology of the
place, so far as the writer knows, nor the history of the animal
requires us to believe that the geological age is beyond that of the
Late Wisconsin or Wisconsin. However, a short time before, near
Evansville, Indiana, at the mouth of Pigeon Creek, and apparently only
about 10 miles away from where Owen found megalonyx bones, there had
been discovered by Frances A. Lincke, and described by Leidy (Proc.
Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., vol. VII, 1854, pp. 199–200), a collection of
vertebrate fossils. This included remains of megalonyx (p. 32), a
cervical vertebra of a bison (p. 257), a vertebra of a horse (p. 186), a
tooth of _Tapirus haysii_ (p. 203), and a part of the upper jaw of the
wolf known as _Ænocyon dirus_ (p. 204). The horse was most probably
_Equus complicatus_, while the bison was probably one of the extinct
species. The wolf is regarded as being the same as that so abundantly
found in the collections made at Rancho La Brea, near Los Angeles. The
writer regards the fauna as belonging to the Sangamon, unless it is
still older. The specimens were found sticking out of the river at low
water, and it becomes quite probable that the Henderson beds and bones
are of the same age as those at Evansville.
As mentioned on another page (p. 223) it is probable that the fine skull
of _Platygonus compressus_ that was sent many years ago to the Academy
of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia by Dr. Samuel Brown, of Lexington,
Kentucky, and described by Leidy (Trans. Amer. Philos. Soc., vol. X, p.
331, plates XXXV-XXXVII) had been found somewhere in Rock Castle County.
It counts as another product of the caves which abound in the Alleghany
range of mountains.
MAPS AND THEIR EXPLANATIONS
[Illustration:
MAP 1.
Distribution of Pleistocene cetaceans in eastern North America. For
explanation see page 408.
]
EXPLANATION OF MAP 1.
Ontario:
1. Nepean Township, Carleton Co., Delphinapterus leucas (p. 17).
2. Ottawa East, Carleton Co., Delphinapterus leucas (p. 17).
3. Smith’s Falls, Lanark Co., Megaptera boöps (p. 17).
4. Pakenham, Lanark Co., Delphinapterus leucas (p. 17).
5. Cornwall, Stormont Co., Delphinapterus leucas (p. 18).
6. Williamstown, Glengarry Co., Delphinapterus vermontanus? (p. 18).
7. Quebec, Montreal, Delphinapterus leucas (p. 18).
8. Rivière du Loup, Temiscouata Co., Delphinapterus leucas (p. 18).
9. Metis, Rimouski Co., Megaptera boöps? (p. 19).
10. Jaquet River, Restigouche Co., Monodon monoceros (p. 19).
11. Mace’s Bay, Charlotte Co., Delphinapterus? sp.? (p. 19).
Vermont:
12. Charlotte, Chittenden Co., Delphinapterus vermontanus (p. 19).
North Carolina:
13. Below Newbern, Craven Co., “cetaceans” (p. 20).
South Carolina:
14. Charleston, Charleston Co., Physeter vetus (p. 20).
Georgia:
15. Brunswick, Glynn Co., Physeter vetus? (p. 20).
Florida:
16. Daytona, Volusia Co., Balænoptera? sp.? (p. 20).
17. De Land, Volusia Co., Globicephala bæreckeii (p. 20).
[Illustration:
MAP 2.
Distribution of Pleistocene _Pinnipedia_ on eastern North America. For
explanation see page 408.
]
EXPLANATION OF MAP 2.
Grinnell Land, Dumbbell Harbor (locality not on the map). Phoca barbata
P. hispida (p. 21).
Nova Scotia:
1. Sable Island, Odobenus rosmarus (p. 21).
New Brunswick:
2. Fairville, Charlotte Co., Phoca grœnlandica (p. 21).
Quebec:
3. Bic, Rimouski Co., Odobenus rosmarus (p. 21).
4. Montreal, Phoca grœnlandica (p. 22).
5. Tétreauville, Ottawa Co., Phoca vitulina (p. 22).
Ontario:
6. Ottawa, Phoca? sp.? (p. 23).
Maine:
7. Addison Point, Washington Co., Odobenus rosmarus (p. 23).
8. Andrews Island, Knox Co., O. rosmarus (p. 23).
9. Gardiner, Kennebec Co., O. rosmarus (p. 23).
10. Portland, Cumberland Co., O. rosmarus (p. 24).
New Hampshire:
11. Jeffries Reef, off Portsmouth, O. rosmarus (p. 25).
Massachusetts:
12. Gay Head, Martha’s Vineyard, O. rosmarus (p. 25).
New Jersey:
13. Long Branch, Monmouth Co., O. rosmarus (p. 26).
14. Ocean Grove, Monmouth Co., O. rosmarus (p. 28).
Virginia:
15. Accomac Co., O. rosmarus (p. 28).
16. Kitty Hawk, Currituck Co., O. rosmarus (p. 29).
South Carolina:
17. Charleston Co., O. rosmarus (p. 29).
[Illustration:
MAP 3.
Distribution of Pleistocene _Xenarthra_ in eastern North America. For
explanation see page 410.
]
EXPLANATION OF MAP 3.
New Jersey:
1. Long Branch, Monmouth Co., Megatherium mirabile (p. 31).
Pennsylvania:
1. Port Kennedy, Montgomery Co., Megalonyx wheatleyi, M. loxodon, M.
tortulus, M. scalper, Mylodon harlani (p. 31).
2. Frankstown, Blair Co., Megalonyx sp. indet. (p. 31).
Ohio:
1. North Fairfield, Huron Co., Megalonyx jeffersonii (p. 31).
2. Millersburg, Holmes Co., Megalonyx jeffersonii (p. 32).
Indiana:
1. Evansville, Vanderburg Co., Megalonyx jeffersonii (p. 32).
Illinois:
1. Urbana, Champaign Co., Megalonyx jeffersonii (p. 33).
2. Alton, Madison Co., Megalonyx jeffersonii (p. 33).
3. Galena, Jo Daviess Co., Megalonyx jeffersonii (p. 34).
Virginia:
1. Saltville, Smyth Co., Megalonyx dissimilis? (p. 34).
2. Ivanhoe, Wythe Co., Megalonyx sp. indet. (p. 34).
West Virginia:
1. —— Greenbrier Co., Megalonyx jeffersonii (p. 34).
South Carolina:
1. Beaufort, Beaufort Co., Megalonyx jeffersonii (p. 35).
2. Charleston, Charleston Co., Megatherium mirabile, Mylodon harlani
(p. 35).
Georgia:
1. Brunswick, Glynn Co., Megatherium mirabile (p. 36).
2. Skidaway Island, Chatham Co., Megatherium mirabile, Mylodon
harlani (p. 26).
Florida (See Map 4).
Alabama:
1. Tuscumbia, Colbert Co., Megalonyx sp. indet. (p. 40).
Mississippi:
1. Natchez, Adams Co., Megalonyx jeffersonii, M. dissimilis, Mylodon
harlani, Ereptodon priscus (p. 40).
Tennessee:
1. Elroy, Van Buren Co., Megalonyx jeffersonii (p. 41).
2. Lookout Mountain, Hamilton Co., Mylodon? sp. indet. (p. 43).
3. Memphis, Shelby Co., Megalonyx jeffersonii (p. 43).
4. Nashville, Davidson Co., Mylodon harlani (p. 43).
Kentucky:
1. Bigbone Lick, Boone Co., Mylodon harlani, Megalonyx jeffersonii
(p. 43).
2. Bluelick Springs, Nicholas Co., Megalonyx jeffersonii (p. 44).
3. Henderson, Henderson Co., Megalonyx jeffersonii (p. 44).
[Illustration:
MAP 4.
Finds of Pleistocene _Xenarthra_ in Florida. For explanation see page
412.
]
EXPLANATION OF MAP 4.
Florida:
1. Archer, Alachua Co., Megatherium mirabile (p. 37).
2. Almero Farm, St. John Co., Mylodon harlani (p. 37).
3. Ocala, Marion Co., Dasypus sp. indet. (p. 38).
4. Dunnellon, Marion Co., Chlamytherium septentrionale, Megalonyx
sp. indet. (p. 38).
5. Hillsboro River, Hillsboro Co., Chlamytherium septentrionale (p.
38).
6. Sarasota Bay, Sarasota Co., Chlamytherium septentrionale (p. 38).
7. Zolfo, Hardee Co., Megatherium mirabile (p. 38).
8. Vero, St. Lucie Co., Megalonyx jeffersonii, Mylodon harlani?,
Chlamytherium septentrionale, Dasypus sp. indet. (p. 38).
9. Arcadia, De Soto Co., Megalonyx jeffersonii, Glyptodon rivipacis,
Chlamytherium septentrionale (p. 39).
10. Labelle, Lee Co., Mylodon harlani (p. 40).
11. Williston Levy Co., Thinobadistes segnis (p. 37).
[Illustration:
MAP 5.
Distribution of Pleistocene mastodons in eastern North America. For
explanation see pages 414, 416.
]
EXPLANATION OF MAP 5.
Unless another name is used after the localities, Mammut americanum is
to be understood.
Ontario:
1. —— Essex Co. (p. 45).
2. Morpeth and Highgate, Elgin Co. (p. 45).
3. St. Thomas, Elgin Co., M. progenium? (p. 45).
4. London, Middlesex Co. (p. 45).
5. Marburg, Norfolk Co. (p. 45).
6. Dunnville, Haldimand Co. (p. 46).
7. St. Catharines and Welland Port, Lincoln Co. (p. 46).
8. Toronto, York Co. (p. 46).
9. Junction of Missinaibi and Moose Rivers, Algoma Co. (p. 46).
Massachusetts:
1. Coleraine, Franklin Co. (p. 47).
2. Shrewsbury, Worcester Co. (p. 47).
Connecticut:
1. Cheshire, New Haven Co. (p. 47).
2. New Britain, Hartford Co. (p. 48).
3. Farmington, Hartford Co. (p. 48).
4. Bristol, Hartford Co. (p. 48).
5. Sharon, Litchfield Co. (p. 48).
New York (See Maps 6 and 34).
New Jersey (See Map 6 A).
Pennsylvania:
1. Tunkhannock, Wyoming Co. (p. 68).
2. Pittston, Luzerne Co. (p. 68).
3. Berwick, Columbia Co. (p. 69).
4. Reading, Berks Co. (p. 69).
5. Port Kennedy, Montgomery Co. (p. 69).
6. Jackson Township, York Co. (p. 69).
7. Kishacoquillas Station, Mifflin Co. (p. 69).
8. Chambersburg, Franklin Co. (p. 69).
9. Frankstown, Blair Co. (p. 69).
10. Bedford, Bedford Co. (p. 69).
11. Pittsburgh, Allegheny Co. (p. 69).
12. Hickory, Washington Co. (p. 70).
13. Erie, Erie Co. (p. 70).
Ohio (See Map 7).
Michigan (See Map 8).
Indiana (See Map 9).
Illinois (See also Map 38):
1. Shawneetown, Gallatin Co. (p. 100).
2. Chester, Randolph Co. (p. 101).
3. Beaucoup, Washington Co. (p. 101).
4. East St. Louis, St. Clair Co. (p. 101).
5. Alton, Madison Co. (p. 102).
6. Sandoval, Marion Co. (p. 102).
7. Niantic, Macon Co. (p. 102).
8. Warsaw, Hancock Co. (p. 103).
9. Manito, Mason Co. (p. 103).
10. —— Knox Co. (p. 104).
11. Cambridge, Henry Co. (p. 104).
12. Rural Township, Rock Island Co. (p. 104).
13. Sterling, Whiteside Co. (p. 105).
14. New Milford, Winnebago Co. (p. 105).
15. Byron and Harper, Ogle Co. (p. 105).
16. Urbana and Pesotum, Champaign Co. (p. 106).
17. —— Edgar Co. (p. 106).
18. Fairmount, Vermillion Co. (p. 106).
19. —— Iroquois Co., 6 miles northwest of Hoopeston, M. progenium (p.
106).
East Lynn and Rossville, Vermillion Co. (p. 107).
20. Beecher, Will Co. (p. 107).
21. Morris, Grundy Co. (p. 108).
22. Whitewillow, Kendall Co. (p. 109).
23. Yorkville, Kendall Co. (p. 109).
24. Aurora, Kane Co. (p. 109).
25. Batavia and Maple, Kane Co. (p. 110).
26. Glencoe, Cook Co. (p. 110).
27. Walnut, Bureau Co. (p. 105).
Wisconsin:
1. Dover, Racine Co. (p. 110).
2. Waukesha, Waukesha Co. (p. 110).
3. Madison, Dane Co. (p. 111).
4. Bluemounds, Dane Co. (p. 111).
5. Lone Rock, Richland Co. (p. 111).
6. Sinsinawa, Grant Co. (p. 111).
7. Wauseka, Crawford Co. (p. 111).
8. Richland Center, Richland Co. (p. 111).
9. Menomonie, Dunn Co. (p. 111).
Maryland:
1. St. Marys City, St Marys Co. (p. 112).
2. St. Clements, St. Marys Co. (p. 112).
3. Towson, Baltimore Co. (p. 112).
4. Lane’s Creek and Clear Spring, Washington Co. (pp. 112, 113).
Virginia:
1. 6 miles east of Williamsburg, York Co. (p. 113).
2. City Point, Prince George Co. (p. 113).
3. Abingdon, Washington Co. (p. 113).
4. Saltville, Smyth Co. (p. 113).
5. Covington, Alleghany Co. (p. 114).
6. Hot Springs, Bath Co. (p. 114).
7. Edom, Rockingham Co. (p. 114).
West Virginia:
1. Stewartstown, Monongalia Co. (p. 115).
2. Parkersburg, Wood Co. (p. 115).
North Carolina (See also Map 39):
1. —— New Hanover Co. (p. 115).
2. —— Pender Co. (p. 115).
3. —— Duplin Co. (p. 115).
4. Goldsboro, Wayne Co., M. progenium (p. 115).
5. Jacksonville, Onslow Co. (p. 116).
6. Maysville, Jones Co. (p. 116).
7. —— Pamlico Co., 16 miles below Newbern (p. 116).
8. Harlowe, Carteret Co. (p. 117).
9. —— Pitt Co. (p. 117).
10. —— Wilson Co. (p. 117).
11. Tarboro, Edgecombe Co. (p. 117).
12. Rocky Mount, Nash Co. (p. 117).
South Carolina:
1. Beaufort, Beaufort Co. (p. 118).
2. Ashley River, Charleston Co. (p. 118).
3. Head of Cooper River, Berkeley Co. (p. 119).
4. —— Lee Co. (p. 119).
5. Darlington, Darlington Co. (p. 119).
Georgia:
1. Brunswick, Glynn Co. (p. 120).
2. Skidaway Island, Chatham Co. (p. 120).
Florida (See Map 10).
Alabama:
1. Bogue Chitto, Dallas Co. (p. 124).