I leave for my first visit to Swaziland--Mother warns me about Oom
Tuys--Why the Boers paid tribute to King Buno--Queen Labotsibeni, the
brains of Swaziland--Buno's visit to Oom Paul Kruger--Our reception in
Swaziland--Ezulweni, the "Valley of Heaven"--Buno's rifle--Sibijaan
and I explore by night.
About a fortnight later Oom Tuys and I left for Swaziland. I shall
always remember getting ready for the trip. For days and days I added
to my little outfit, until by the time Oom Tuys was ready to start I
had accumulated enough dunnage to fill a wagon. When the bluff old man
looked it over he turned to my mother and said, "Well, you are going
to lose your son. Owen is going to spend the rest of his life in
Swaziland; he is taking enough things to last him for the next hundred
years!"
Then he calmly sorted out my kit, leaving me about one tenth of what I
had intended taking along.
"We travel light, my boy," he said. "We travel fast and take but one
wagon, and that a little one."
A day later we were off. Our caravan consisted of Tuys and me on
horses, a light cart drawn by six mules, and half a dozen kaffir
servants. Of course Sibijaan went with us, and was elected to the job
of driving the mules. The other boys were foot-passengers, their job
being to keep the mules moving and do the camp work.
My mother knew Oom Tuys of old and gave me a serious talking to the
night before we left.
"My son," she said, putting her arms about me, "you must not follow
Oom Tuys too closely. He is wild and sometimes as bad as King Buno
himself. You will see many things that we Boers would not permit here,
and you must not take these things too much to heart. Remember that
you are an O'Neil, and take good care of yourself!" Then she kissed me
good-by with a fervor that was quite unusual. We Boers are an
unemotional people--that is, on the surface.
Oom Tuys's periodical visits to King Buno had always been a mystery to
me. I had heard that they concerned some sort of a tribute to the
savage king, but my father never encouraged my requests for details.
"That is Oom Tuys's business," he would say. "Ask him why he is the
servant of Buno!"
I did, just as soon as we were well on our way. However, I did not use
father's words. Even big men hesitated to take liberties with Tuys,
and I was only a boy. It was a wonderful day, and as we rode across
the veldt into Swaziland Tuys told me the whole story of how he became
known as "The White King of Swaziland."
"Mzaan Bakoor, for I shall call you that while we are in Swaziland,
just as you shall call me 'Nkoos'," he said, "I go each moon to pay
King Buno the tribute. Oom Paul sends me, and I always take two
thousand gold sovereigns and quantities of gin and champagne."
This explained the mysterious cases in the wagon, the contents of
which I had not yet dared to ask about.
"Buno is a very great man," Tuys went on. "He is a great king and has
as many warriors as the blades of veldt grass. His impis are
countless, and just recently he has married Tzaneen, a princess of the
Zulus.
"Here is how it happened that we Boers must pay him tribute. His
father, Umbandine, built up the Swazi power until he had enough
warriors to be dangerous to us and to all the surrounding tribes. Even
the Zulus feared him. Now Buno, guided and advised by his mother,
Queen Labotisibeni, has kept the Swazi impis up to the greatest
possible fighting strength, and he is the one savage chief we Boers
have to reckon with. He is my friend, and Oom Paul depends upon me to
keep him satisfied and prevent him from making war on our people.
According to the agreement between Oom Paul and Buno, we pay Buno the
gold and gin each month, and I am the one who brings it to him.
Lately, however, he has objected to so much gold and wants more gin.
Buno says he can only look at the gold, but he can drink the gin. This
time I am taking an extra supply of gin."
Tuys explained to me the politics of Swaziland and seemed to think
that Queen Labotisibeni was the brains behind King Buno's
administration. The wanton cruelties of which Buno was guilty were
contrary to the wishes of his mother, but she only mildly protested
against them, since they helped to maintain the king's authority.
According to Tuys, death was the punishment for all offences, and Buno
often butchered his people for no reason at all.
A short time before our visit to Swaziland, King Buno had gone to
Pretoria to see Oom Paul. For some time Buno had been sending
complaints and objections about various matters to the President, and
Tuys would carry these to Pretoria. Finally Oom Paul became
exasperated and commanded Tuys to bring Buno to him.
"Bring Buno here," said Oom Paul, "and I will talk to him like a Dutch
uncle. We pay too much now, and if he does not soon behave himself, I
shall send a commando or two into his country and make a new king in
Swaziland!"
Buno's visit to Pretoria is a classic in the Transvaal and shows the
kind of man our old President was. Tuys told Buno that Oom Paul was
too ill to come to visit him and that he begged that the king of
Swaziland honor him by coming to Pretoria. It took much persuasion on
the part of Tuys, for Buno thought he was too important a person to
visit Oom Paul. Finally Tuys soothed his royal dignity and they
started out for Pretoria.
It was a remarkable party. Buno took with him ten thousand of the
picked fighting men of the household troops, and these wore all their
savage finery. Being of the royal impis, they wore the great white
headdresses and carried shields with the king's mark emblazoned
thereon. Their costumes were the last word in savage gorgeousness.
Each man was armed with the knob-kerrie, assegai, knife, and shield.
At this time the railway from Pretoria to Delagoa Bay was under
construction and had already reached Middleburg. The party found a
special train waiting for them at this place and Buno had his own
private car. None of the Swazis had ever seen a train before and their
astonishment at the great "iron horse," as they immediately called the
engine, was almost pathetic. When they first saw the engine, seemingly
breathing smoke and fire, they were terrified, and Tuys had to
reassure them to prevent a panic. Then a number wanted to prostrate
themselves before the engine and worship it, so that it was a most
difficult thing to prevent their being run over. According to the
various accounts of these incidents Tuys had his hands full. Buno,
however, refused to be much impressed with the engine or train and
complained bitterly because he was not given enough gin.
It was a wonderful sight when the train pulled out of Middleburg.
Buno, with Tuys and the royal party, was in the private coach behind
the engine, and the ten thousand warriors were packed in a score of
open trucks behind. Naturally they all stood, and it was extraordinary
to see the thousands of savages in full dress, with wonderment and
fear written on their faces, as the train swept by. The trip lasted
all night, and when morning came the train pulled into Pretoria. At
the station a coach and pair of fine horses waited for King Buno and
Tuys. They got in, and then Tuys's natural deviltry asserted itself.
He slyly poked the driver in the ribs with his revolver and commanded
him to drive as fast as he could. A second later they were off at a
gallop.
[Illustration: THE RESULT OF THE NATIONAL SPORT
Two bulls have been killed by a warrior armed only with a short
stabbing spear. The bulls are surrounded by a regiment of Swazis with
spears pointing inward. The bulls become infuriated, and when made as
angry as possible, the chosen warrior dashes into the arena and
fights them. He has but one choice--either to kill the bulls or be
killed by the spears of his comrades-in-arms. Sometimes more than two
bulls are used, thus making the sport more exciting and the measure of
the warrior's prowess greater--if he wins. Following the contest, the
bulls are eaten at a great feast]
[Illustration: INTERIOR OF MILITARY BARRACKS
A warrior making war decorations. Through a peculiar process, hides
are treated and worked into shape as braid, which they wear cross-wise
around the waist]
Now the doors of the trucks were not yet opened and the warriors were
gazing in awe at the station, the largest building they had ever seen.
Suddenly the cry was raised that their king was being stolen! They
began throwing themselves out of the trucks, shouting battle-cries and
brandishing their knob-kerries and assegais. There was a wild rush to
catch up with the galloping carriage and more than a score of white
railway employees and officials were killed in the melee.
Mad with fear that they were losing their king, the whole ten thousand
of them raced down the streets, and Pretoria thought it was being
captured by the savages. Soon, however, they caught up with the
carriage, and shortly after fell into orderly array and marched on to
Oom Paul's house.
The old President had risen early, as he always did, and was sitting
on the stoop of his simple, flat-roofed home, drinking coffee and
smoking his pipe. The carriage drove up and the warriors fell into
regimental formation as Buno and Tuys got out. As they started for the
little gate the ten thousand men gave the royal salute, their feet
coming down on the roadway with the sound of thunder, their shrill
whistle echoing from the low eaves of the house.
Oom Paul did not move from his low chair. Pipe in mouth, he looked
beyond Tuys and Buno, just as though they had been ordinary kaffirs.
There was an embarrassing moment--that is, it was embarrassing to the
visitors--and then the old man slowly took his pipe out of his mouth
and spoke. I have never heard what he said, but according to accounts
he made good his threat to talk to Buno "like a Dutch uncle".
"He gave us the very devil," is the way Tuys tells about it. "Oom Paul
told us both that we were children, and bad children at that! He said
that he was minded to soundly spank us both, and he was so fierce
about it that I thought he was going to do it."
The outcome of the interview was that King Buno went home a chastened
and contrite monarch and there were no more complaints from Swaziland.
This shows the extraordinary character of Oom Paul and explains why he
was so highly regarded by all, Boers and English alike.
Trekking with Oom Tuys was a thoroughly delightful adventure. He had
planned the trip into Swaziland so that at night we made camp at some
Boer farm, and everywhere he was received with open arms. Each night
there was a little jollification in which Tuys was the center of
interest. He always pushed me forward, and the simple Boers made much
of me, all of them knowing my father and having the highest regard for
him. Although we traveled fast there was little hardship. It was after
the rains and the whole veldt was a bright green, with the little
thorn trees in bloom.
We found the Vaal River fordable and the going was easy. Whenever we
were unable to reach a farm-house for meals, we fared well on our own
biltong and rusks. The biltong, so much eaten in the Transvaal, is
dried beef which is usually cut into strips and chunks and eaten
without cooking. Rusks are the biscuits all Boers make, and we ate
well, having enough of both.
Shortly before reaching the Swaziland border we were met by several
fine looking Swazi warriors. I immediately noted their superiority to
the kaffirs I had known. They were about six feet tall, perfectly
proportioned, and carried themselves with a swinging dignity quite
unusual among the Mapors and other natives.
Oom Tuys introduced me to them and they met me as man to man, giving
me the same salute they had accorded my uncle. They told Tuys that
their king was waiting for him and that he had planned a celebration
in our honor.
"You hear that, Mzaan Bakoor?" Tuys asked. "We are going to be royal
guests and you will see the real Swaziland. Watch me and do as I do in
all things, and you shall have much to tell when we get back to
Rietvlei."
As we came up the wide trail to the border of Swaziland, I saw several
hundred warriors at the top of the hill. As soon as we came close to
them they began to wave their knob-kerries and shields. Down the slope
came the deep bass of their voices as they chanted a welcome, the
sound being suddenly cut off short as they brought their feet down in
the heavy stamp they use when dancing. They were our escort--all
picked men of the household impi--and their leader was a noted warrior
who was an old friend of Tuys.
After a short halt for this officer to deliver a brief address of
welcome, Tuys ordered our party to proceed. I noted that he treated
the officer with scant courtesy, and he explained this by saying,
"Here I am a king; he is lucky if I even look at him!"
A little later we dropped into the Valley of Heaven. This is really
the most delightful valley in Swaziland. It is well watered, and
thousands of the natives have their kraals there. Swaziland is a
broken country, alternating between veldt of from two to five, and
even six thousand feet, and there are small rivers everywhere, flowing
from west to east. Each of these rivers has cut out its own valley,
but the Valley of Heaven is the most fertile and beautiful of all.
Trees, sometimes in clumps but more often singly, are found along the
banks of the rivers and each kraal is practically surrounded by big
and little ones.
Our progress down the Valley of Heaven was practically a parade. At
each kraal or village, a village being a collection of kraals, we
would be greeted by hundreds of warriors and children. The women would
usually remain in the background, but were quite in evidence. Young as
I was, I could not help noting that they were the finest looking
savages I had ever seen. These women have perfectly proportioned
bodies and stand erect, with their heads thrown back. They are the
women of a proud nation, and they show it. I particularly noticed
their splendid shoulders, these and their erect carriage being due to
carrying all burdens on their heads.
At each village the local chief would offer us tswala, or kaffir beer,
and we were lucky to be important enough to be able to refuse to
drink. If we had taken all that was offered, we would have been
drowned long before the end of the first day in the Valley of Heaven.
The fact that our escort consisted of picked warriors from the royal
troops and that Oom Tuys was known to be the intimate of their king
made it permissible for us to refuse to associate with the little
chiefs along the line of march.
Camp on the last night before reaching the royal kraal at Zombode was
pitched in the valley, and we saw the sun set over the plateau on
which King Buno made his headquarters. After supper that night Oom
Tuys confided to me a great secret.
"Buno has asked me a thousand times to bring him a rifle," he said,
"but always I have refused. As you know, the Swazis, like other
kaffirs, are not allowed to have guns. Death is the punishment we deal
out to those who sell rifles to these savages. Now Buno has his heart
set on owning a rifle, and the last time I saw him I promised that I
would get him one.
"In the cart I have a Mauser with about five thousand cartridges, and
the outfit is for Buno. You will want to come to Swaziland many times
in the future, so I am going to make Buno your friend for life. I am
going to allow you to present the Mauser to him!
"No one will know how he got it and you will be as big a man in
Swaziland as I am, once you have given the rifle to Buno. Now what do
you think of your Uncle Tuys?"
Naturally, I was very grateful, since I had already begun to feel the
lure of Swaziland and dearly wanted to be a little king there myself.
That night was memorable for several reasons. Soon after dark Sibijaan
and I climbed up the trail a little way and looked up the valley. Here
and there we could see fires burning at the various kraals and quite
often the wind brought us the pungent smell of wood-smoke. The sky was
clear as it only is in South Africa and the stars glittered with all
the hard brilliance of diamonds. However, we did not remain long
admiring the beauties of the Valley of Heaven.
Down below us we suddenly saw what seemed to be a dark cloud of men
coming up the road. Discreetly we hid in the brush along the trail and
watched them go by. They were warriors in full costume, their faces
hard and set in the dim light. There was only the sound of their feet
on the road and their silence was unnerving. The Swazi warrior
chanting and dancing in the sunlight is awesome enough, but when he
becomes a silent swift-moving shadow of the night, he is terrifying.
Particularly is this true when you are only a small boy and know that
the shadow is fully armed and is deplorably careless with his weapons!
Sibijaan was shaking with terror, and as soon as the shadows passed on
we started back to camp. Neither of us spoke. We didn't need to. We
knew that we wanted Oom Tuys and without a word started for him.
A moment later we saw another band of warriors coming swiftly up the
trail, so again we hid. As we dived into our little camp a third band
passed. I was very glad to find Oom Tuys smoking by the fire, and for
the first time in my life I realized that a fire is a friendly thing.
Tuys noted that we had been hurrying and asked the reason. I told him
about the shadows on the trail.
"It is well that you hid," he said. "It would have been better yet if
you had not been so foolish as to wander about at night. Don't you
know that sudden death is always walking abroad at night in Swaziland?
Have I not told you?"
Then he explained that practically all Swazis travel at night,
whenever possible, so as to avoid the heat. He said that those we had
met were going to Zombode, as the king had issued a call for his
warriors to attend the celebration in our honor. That night I waked
several times, cold with an unnamed fear, and was comforted by seeing
the massive bulk of Tuys sleeping nearby. His steady breathing seemed
a guarantee of safety and I would drift back to sleep feeling that the
shadows on the trail were far removed from me.