At Sufayna, Burton found the Baghdad Caravan. The regular

Baghdad-Meccah Road, of which we have two itineraries, the one

reproduced by Hamdany and the other by Ibn Khordadbeh, Qodama, and

others, keeps to the left of Sufayna, and runs parallel with the

Eastern Madina-Meccah Road to within one stage of Meccah. We find only

one passage in Arabic geographers from which we learn that the

Baghdadlies, as long as a thousand years ago, used under certain

circumstances to take the way of Sufayna. Yacut, vol. iii. p. 403, says

“Sufayna ([Arabic] Cufayna), a place in the caliya (Highland) within the

territory of the Solaymites, lies on the road of Zobayda. The pilgrims

make a roundabout, and take this road, if they suffer from want of

water. The pass of Sufayna, by which they have to descend, is very

difficult.” The ridges over which the road leads are called al-Sitar, and

are described by Yacut, vol. iii. p. 38, as a range of red hills,

flanking Sufayna, with defiles which serve as passes. Burton, vol. ii.

p. 128, describes them as low hills of red sandstone and bright

porphyry. Zobayda, whose name the partly improved, partly newly opened

Hajj-Road from Baghdad to Meccah bore, was the wife of Caliph Harun,

and it appears from Burton, pp. 134 and 136, that the improvements made

by this spirited woman—as the wells near Ghadir, and the Birkat (Tank)—are

now ascribed to her weak, fantastical, and contemptible husband.

Burton’s description of the plain covered with huge boulders and

detached rocks (p. 131) puts us in mind of

[p.404] the Felsenmeer in the Odenwald. Yacut, vol. iii. p. 370,

describes the two most gigantic of these rock-pillars, which are too

far to the left of Burton’s road than that he could have seen them: “Below

Sufayna in a desert plain there rise two pillars so high that nobody,

unless he be a bird, can mount them; the one is called cAmud (column)

of al-Ban, after the place al-Ban, and the other cAmud of al-Safh. They

are both on the right-hand side of the (regular) road from Baghdad to

Meccah, one mile from Ofayciya (a station on the regular road which

answers to Sufayna).” Such desolate, fantastic scenery is not rare in

Arabia nor close to the western coast of the Red Sea. The Fiumara, from

which Burton (p. 138) emerged at six A.M., Sept. 9, was crossed by

Burckhardt at Kholayc, and is a more important feature of the country

than the two travellers were aware of. There are only five or six

Wadies which break through the chain of mountains that runs parallel

with the Red Sea, and of these, proceeding from south to north, Wady

Nakhla (Wady Laymun) is the first, and this Fiumara the second. Early

geographers call it Wady Amaj, or after a place of some importance

situated in its lower course, Wady Saya. Hamdany, p. 294, says: “Amaj and

Ghoran are two Wadies which commence in the Harra (volcanic region) of

the Beni Solaym, and reach the sea.” The descriptions of this Wady

compiled by Yacut, vol. iii. pp. 26 and 839, are more ample. According

to one, it contains seventy springs: according to another, it is a Wady

which you overlook if you stand on the Sharat (the mountain now called

Jebel Cobh). In its upper course it runs between the two Hamiya, which

is the name of two black volcanic regions. It contains several villages

of note, and there lead roads to it from various parts of the country.

In its uppermost part lies the village of Faric with date-groves,

cultivated fields and gardens, producing plantains, pomegranates, and

grapes, and in its lower

[p.405] course, close to Saya, the rich and populous village Mahaya.

The whole Wady is one of the Acradh (oasis-like districts) of Madina,

and is administered by a Lieutenant of the Governor of that city. Yacut

makes the remark to this description: “I do not know whether this valley

is still in the same condition, or whether it has altered.” Though we

know much less of it than Yacut, we may safely assert that the

cultivation has vanished and the condition has altered.

At Zariba ([Arabic], Dhariba) Burton and his party put on the Ihram

(pilgrim-garb). If the Baghdadlies follow the regular road they perform

this ceremony at Dzat-Irq, which lies somewhat lower down than Dhariba,

to the South-east of it, and therefore the rain-water which falls in

Dhariba flows in the shape of a torrent to Dzat-Irq, and is thence

carried off by the Northern Nakhla. Above the station of Dzat-Irq there

rise ridges called Irq; up these ridges the regular Baghdad Road

ascends to the high-plateau, and they are therefore considered by early

geographers as the western limit of Nejd. Omara apud Yacut, vol. iv. p.

746, says: “All the country in which the water flows in an Easterly

(North-easterly) direction, beginning from Dzat-Irq as far as

Babylonia, is called Nejd; and the country which slopes Westwards, from

Dzat-Irq to Tihama (the coast), is called Hijaz.” The remarks of Arabic

geographers on the Western watershed, and those of Burton, vol. ii. pp.

142 and 154, illustrate and complete each other most satisfactorily. It

appears from Yacut that the Fiumara in which Burton’s party was attacked

by robbers takes its rise at Ghomayr close to Dzat-Irq, that there were

numerous date-groves in it, and that it falls at Bostan Ibn camir into

the Nakhla, wherefore it is called the Northern Nakhla. The Southern

Nakhla, also called simply Nakhla, a term which is sometimes reserved

for the trunk formed by the junction of the Southern and Northern

[p.406] Nakhla from Bostan Ibn camir downwards, is on account of its

history one of the most interesting spots in all Arabia; I therefore

make no apology for entering on its geography. In our days it is called

Wady Laymun, and Burckhardt, vol. i. p. 158, says of it: “Zeyme is a

half-ruined castle, at the eastern extremity of Wady Lymoun, with

copious springs of running water. Wady Lymoun is a fertile valley,

which extends for several hours (towards West) in the direction of Wady

Fatme (anciently called Batn Marr, or Marr-Tzahran, which is, in fact,

a continuation of Wady Nakhla). It has many date-plantations, and

formerly the ground was cultivated; but this, I believe, has ceased

since the Wahabi invasion: its fruit-gardens, too, have been ruined.

This (he means the village Laymun, compare Burton, vol. ii. p. 147) is

the last stage of the Eastern-Syrian Hadj route. To the South-east or

East-south-east of Wady Lymoun is another fertile valley, called Wady

Medyk, where some sherifs are settled, and where Sherif Ghaleb

possessed landed property.[FN#1]” In the commentary on the Qacyda Rod.,

[p.407] Wady Nakhla, as far as the road to Meccah runs through it, is

described as follows: From the ridges with whose declivity the Western

watershed begins, you descend into Wady Baubat; it is flanked on the

left side by the Sarat mountains, on which Tayif stands, and contains

Qarn-almanazil (once the capital of the Minaeans, the great trading

nation of antiquity). Three or four miles below Qarn is Masjid Ibrahym,

and here the valley assumes the name of Wady Nakhla. At no great

distance from the Masjid there rise on the left-hand side of the Wady

two high peaks called Jebel Yasum and Jebel Kafw. Both were the refuge

of numerous monkeys, who used to invade the neighbouring vineyards. As

you go down Wady Nakhla the first place of importance you meet is

al-Zayma. Close to it was a garden which, during the reign of Moqtadir,

belonged to the Hashimite Prince Abd Allah, and was in a most

flourishing condition. It produced an abundance of henna, plantains,

and vegetables of every description, and yielded a revenue of five

thousand Dinar-mithqals (about £2,860) annually. A canal from Wady (the

river) Nakhla feeds a fountain which jets forth in the midst of the

garden, and lower down a tank. In the garden stood a fort (which in a

dilapidated condition is extant to this day, and spoken of by

Burckhardt). It was built of huge stones, guarded for the defence of

the property by the Banu Sa’d, and tenanted by the servants and followers

of the proprietor. Below al-Zayma is Sabuha, a post-station where a

relay of horses was kept for the transport of Government Despatches. To

give an idea of the distances, I may mention that the post-stages were

twelve Arabic miles asunder, which on this road are rather larger than

an English geographical mile. The first station from Meccah was

Moshash, the second Sabuha, and the third was at the foot of the hill

Yasum. The author of the commentary from which I derive this

information leaves Wady Nakhla soon after Sabuha, and

[p.408] turns his steps towards the holy city. He mentions “the steep

rocky Pass” up which Burton toiled with difficulty, and calls it Orayk.

Though he enters into many details, he takes no notice of the hill-girt

plain called Sola. This name occurs however in an Arabic verse, apud

Yacut, vol. ii. p. 968: “In summer our pasture-grounds are in the country

of Nakhla, within the districts of al-Zayma and Sola.”

In W[a]dy Fatima, Burckhardt found a perennial rivulet, coming from the

Eastward, about three feet broad and two feet deep. It is certain that

Wady Fat?ima, formerly called Wady Marr, is a continuation of Wady

Nakhla, and Yacut considers in one passage Nakhla as a subdivision of

Marr, and in another Marr as part of Wady Nakhla; but we do not know

whether the rivulet, which at al-Zayma seems to be of considerable

size, disappears under the sand in order to come forth again in W[a]dy

Marr, or whether it forms an uninterrupted stream. In ancient times the

regular Baghdad-Meccah Road did not run down from Dzat-Irq by the

Northern Nakhla which Burton followed, but it crossed this Wady near

its Northern end and struck over to the Southern Nakhla as far as Qarn

almarazil, which for a long time was the second station from Meccah,

instead of Dzat-cIrq.

[FN#1] Medyq is Burton’s El-Mazik, the spelling in Arabic being [Arabic]

Madhyq. Burckhardt’s account leads us to think that the village now

called Madhyq, or Wady Laymun, lies on the left bank of the Fiumara,

and is identical with Bostan Ibn ’Amir, which is described by Yacut as

situated in the fork between the Northern and Southern Nakhlas, and

which in ancient times had, like the village Wady Laymun, the name of

the valley of which it was the chief place, viz., Batn Nakhla. Burton

gives no information of the position of the village, but he says: “On the

right bank of the Fiumara stood the Meccan Sharif’s state pavilion.” Unless

the pavilion is separated from the village by the Fiumara there is a

discrepancy between the two accounts, which leads me to suspect that

“right” is an oversight for “left.” Anciently [Arabic] was pronounced Nakhlat,

and, if we suppress the guttural, as the Greeks and Romans sometimes

did, Nalat. Strabo, p. 782, in his narrative of the retreat of Aelius

Gallus, mentions a place which he calls Mal?tha, and of which he says

it stood on the bank of a river—a position which few towns in Arabia

have. The context leaves no doubt that he means Batn Nakhla, and that

Maltha is a mistake for Naltha.

[p.409]APPENDIX VIII.

THE MECCAH PILGRIMAGE.

HAVING resolved to perform the Meccah pilgrimage, I spent a few months

at Cairo, and on the 22nd of May embarked in a small steamer at Suez

with the “mahmil” or litter, and its military escort, conveying the “kiswah” or

covering for the “kabah.” On the 25th the man at the wheel informed us that

we were about to pass the village of Rabikh, on the Arabian coast, and

that the time had consequently arrived for changing our usual

habiliments for the “ihram,” or pilgrim-costume of two towels, and for

taking the various interdictory vows involved in its assumption: such

as not to tie knots in any portion of our dress, not to oil the body,

and not to cut our nails or hair, nor to improve the tints of the

latter with the coppery red of henna. Transgression of these and other

ceremonial enactments is expiated either by animal sacrifice, or gifts

of fruit or cereals to the poor.

After a complete ablution and assuming the ihram, we performed two

prayer-flections, and recited the meritorious sentences beginning with

the words “Labbaik Allah huma labbaik!” “Here I am, O God, here I am! Here I

am, O Unassociated One, here I am, for unto Thee belong praise, grace,

and empire, O Unassociated One!”

This prayer was repeated so often, people not unfrequently rushing up

to their friends and shrieking the sacred sentence into their ears,

that at last it became a signal for merriment rather than an indication

of piety.

[p.410]On the 26th we reached Jeddah, where the utter sterility of

Arabia, with its dunes and rocky hills, becomes apparent. The town,

however, viewed from the sea, is not unpicturesque. Many European

vessels were at anchor off the coast: and as we entered the port,

innumerable small fishing-boats darting in all directions, their sails

no longer white, but emerald green from the intense lustre of the

water, crowded around us on all sides, and reminded one by their

dazzling colours and rapidity of motion of the shoals of porpoises so

often seen on a voyage round the Cape.

On disembarking we were accosted by several “mut?awwafs,” or circuit-men,

so termed in Arabic, because, besides serving as religious guides in

general, their special duty is to lead the pilgrim in his seven

obligatory circuits around the Kabah. We encamped outside the town,

and, having visited the tomb of “our Mother Eve,” mounted our camels for

Meccah.

After a journey of twenty hours across the Desert, we passed the

barriers which mark the outermost limits of the sacred city, and,

ascending some giant steps, pitched our tents on a plain, or rather

plateau, surrounded by barren rock, some of which, distant but a few

yards, mask from view the birthplace of the Prophet. It was midnight; a

few drops of rain were falling, and lightning played around us. Day

after day we had watched its brightness from the sea, and many a

faithful haji had pointed out to his companions those fires which were

Heaven’s witness to the sanctity of the spot. “Al hamdu Lillah!” Thanks be to

God! we were now at length to gaze upon the “Kiblah,” to which every

Mussulman has turned in prayer since the days of Muhammad, and which

for long ages before the birth of Christianity was reverenced by the

Patriarchs of the East. Soon after dawn arose from our midst the shout

of “Labbaik! Labbaik!” and passing

[p.411] between the rocks, we found ourselves in the main street of

Meccah, and approached the “Gateway of Salvation,” one of the thirty-nine

portals of the Temple of Al-Haram.

On crossing the threshold we entered a vast unroofed quadrangle, a

mighty amplification of the Palais Royal, having on each of its four

sides a broad colonnade, divided into three aisles by a multitude of

slender columns, and rising to the height of about thirty feet.

Surmounting each arch of the colonnade is a small dome: in all there

are a hundred and twenty, and at different points arise seven minarets,

dating from various epochs, and of somewhat varying altitudes and

architecture. The numerous pigeons which have their home within the

temple have been believed never to alight upon any portion of its roof,

thus miraculously testifying to the holiness of the building. This

marvel having, however, of late years been suspended, many discern

another omen of the approach of the long-predicted period when

unbelievers shall desecrate the hallowed soil.

In the centre of the square area rises the far-famed Kabah, the

funereal shade of which contrasts vividly with the sunlit walls and

precipices of the town. It is a cubical structure of massive stone, the

upper two-thirds of which are mantled by a black cloth embroidered with

silver, and the lower portion hung with white linen. At a distance of

several yards it is surrounded by a balustrade provided with lamps,

which are lighted in the evening, and the space thus enclosed is the

circuit-ground along which, day and night, crowds of pilgrims,

performing the circular ceremony of Tawaf, realize the idea of

perpetual motion. We at once advanced to the black stone imbedded in an

angle of the Kabah, kissed it, and exclaimed, “Bismillah wa Allahu Akbar,”—“In

God’s name, and God is greatest.” Then we commenced the usual seven rounds,

three at a walking pace, and four at a brisk trot. Next

p.412] followed two prayer-flections at the tomb of Abraham, after

which we drank of the water of Zamzam, said to be the same which

quenched the thirst of Hagar’s exhausted son.

Besides the Kabah, eight minor structures adorn the quadrangle, the

well of Zamzam, the library, the clock-room, the triangular staircase,

and four ornamental resting-places for the orthodox sects of Hanafi,

Shafi, Maliki, and Hanbali.

We terminated our morning duties by walking and running seven times

along the streets of Safa and Marwa, so named from the flight of seven

steps at each of its extremities.

After a few days spent in visiting various places of interest, such as

the slave-market and forts, and the houses of the Prophet and the

Caliphs ’Ali and Abubakr, we started on our six hours’ journey to the

mountain of ’Arifat, an hour’s sojourn at which, even in a state of

insensibility, confers the rank of haji. It is a mountain spur of about

a hundred and fifty feet in height, presenting an artificial appearance

from the wall encircling it and the terrace on its slope, from which

the iman delivers a sermon before the departure of his congregation for

Meccah. His auditors were, indeed, numerous, their tents being

scattered over two or three miles of the country. A great number of

their inmates were fellow-subjects of ours from India. I surprised some

of my Meccah friends by informing them that Queen Victoria numbers

nearly twenty millions of Mohammedans among her subjects.

On the 5th of June, at sunset, commencing our return, we slept at the

village of Muzdalifah, and there gathered and washed seven pebbles of

the size of peas, to be flung at three piles of whitewashed masonry

known as the Shaitans (Satans) of Mun?. We acquitted ourselves

satisfactorily of this duty on the festival of the 6th of [p.413] June,

the 10th day of the Arabian month Zu’lhijah. Each of us then sacrificed a

sheep, had his hair and nails cut, exchanged the ihram for his best

apparel, and, embracing his friends, paid them the compliments of the

season. The two following days the Great, the Middle, and the Little

Satan were again pelted, and, bequeathing to the unfortunate

inhabitants of Muna the unburied and odorous remains of nearly a

hundred thousand animals, we returned, eighty thousand strong, to

Meccah. A week later, having helped to insult the tumulus of stones

which marks, according to popular belief, the burial-place of

Abulah?ab, the unbeliever, who, we learn from the Koran, has descended

into hell with his wife, gatherer of sticks, I was not sorry to

relinquish a shade temperature of 120°, and wend my way to Jeddah en

route for England, after delegating to my brethren the recital of a

prayer in my behalf at the Tomb of the Prophet at Medina.

In penning these lines I am anxious to encourage other Englishmen,

especially those from India, to perform the pilgrimage, without being

deterred by exaggerated reports concerning the perils of the

enterprise. It must, however, be understood that it is absolutely

indispensable to be a Mussulman (at least externally) and to have an

Arabic name. Neither the Koran nor the Sultan enjoins the killing of

intrusive Jews or Christians; nevertheless, two years ago, an incognito

Jew, who refused to repeat the creed, was crucified by the Meccah

populace, and in the event of a pilgrim again declaring himself to be

an unbeliever the authorities would be almost powerless to protect his

life.

An Englishman who is sufficiently conversant with the prayers,

formulas, and customs of the Mussulmans, and possess a sufficient

guarantee of orthodoxy, need, however, apprehend no danger if he

applies through the British Consulate at Cairo for an introduction to

the Amirul Haj, the Prince of the Caravan.

[p.414]Finally, I am most anxious to recommend as Mutawwaf at Meccah

Shaikh Muhammed ’Umr Fanair-jizadah. He is extremely courteous and

obliging, and has promised me to show to other Englishmen the same

politeness which I experienced from him myself.

1862 A.D. 1278 A.H. [Arabic] (EL HAJ ABD EL WAHID.)

END OF VOLUME II.

[p.415]INDEX.

AAKAL, or fillet, of the Arabs, i. 235

Aaron, burial place of, on Mount Ohod, i. 346, 423; ii. 275. His grave

also shown over the summit of Mount Hor, i. 346, n.

Aba, the, or camel’s hair cloak of Arab shaykhs, i. 236

Abar (Saba), or seven wells, of Kuba, i. 414

Abbas Effendi, deputy governor of Alexandria, an interview with, i. 21

Abbas, prayers for, i. 328

Abbas, Al-, uncle of Mohammed the Prophet, ii. 353

Abbas, the fiery Shaykh of the Hawazim, ii. 29

Abbas, Ibn, his statement of the settlement of the family of Noah, i.

343

Abbas ibn Abd al-Muttalib, his tomb, ii. 40

Abbas Pasha (Viceroy of Egypt), his enlightened policy, i. 18, 78 His

intention to erect a magnificent Mosque, i. 99 His present to the

Prophets Mosque, i. 312 His respect for the Alim Mohammed Ibn Abdillah

al-Sannusi, ii. 25, n.

Abbasiyah, Kubbat al- (Dome of Abbas), visit to the, ii. 39

Abbasiyah Palace at Cairo, i. 78

Abd al-Ashal (tribe of), Al-Islam preached by the Prophet to, i. 352

Converted to Mohammedanism, 353

Abd al-Hakk al-Muhaddis of Delhi, Shaykh, i. 358, n.

Abd al-Hamid, the Sultan, his repair of the Mosque of Al-Kuba, i. 409

Abd al-Malik bin Marwar, the Caliph, his additions to the House of

Allah, ii. 324

Abd al-Majid, Sultan, his mahmil turned back by robbers in Arabia, i.

257 Imbecility of his government in Arabia, i. 257 His Tanzimat, i. 258

Sends gifts to the robbers of Arabia, i. 260 His war with the Czar, i.

291 His additions to the Prophet’s Mosque at Al-Madinah, i. 308 Abolishes

Wakf in Turkey, i. 359, n.

Abd al-Muttalib (Shaybah), grandfather of the Prophet, i. 351, n.

Abd al-Muttalib bin Ghalib, Sharif of Meccah, i. 259 Description of

him, ii[.] 150 His cavalcade, 150 His children, 150 His quarrel with

Ahmad Pasha of Al-Hijaz, 151, n. His Palace, 152 His procession to the

ceremonies of the day of Arafat, 194

Abd al-Rahim al-Burai, the saint of Jahaydah, i. 262

Abd al-Rahim al-Burai, the poet, quoted, ii. 212

Abd al-Rahman, meaning of the name, i. 14

Abd al-Rahman, tomb of, ii. 249

[p.416]

Abd al-Rahman al-Ausat, tomb of, ii. 44

Abd al-Rahman bin Auf, his tomb, ii. 43, n.

Abd al-Wahhab, Shaykh, the chief of the Afghan college at Cairo, i. 130

His kindness to the pilgrim, 131 Visits the Pilgrim, 142

Abdullah, father of the Prophet, his burial-place, i. 351, n.

Abdullah bin Ja’afar al-Tayyar, his tomb, i. 44

Abdullah bin Jaysh, his tomb, i. 429

Abdullah bin Mas’ud, his tomb, ii. 44, n.

Abdullah bin Salam, the Jew, of Al-Madinah, converted to Al-Islam, i.

358

Abdullah bin Sa’ud concludes a peace with the Egyptians, i. 370 His

unsuccessful attack on Jeddah, ii. 265, n.

Abdullah bin Zubayr, nephew of Ayishah, builds the ninth House of

Allah, ii. 323 Slain, 324

Abdullah, Pasha of Damascus, i. 263

Abdullah, Shaykh, the assumed name of the author, i. 14 Meaning of the

name, 14, n.

Abdullah Sahib, Shaykh, the Indian physician of Al-Madinah, ii. 5

Abdullah, Shaykh (the pilgrim’s namesake), introduced, ii. 129 His

acquirements, 130 His success with the Syrians in the Desert, 133 Acts

as director of the pilgrims’ consciences, 133 His accident on camel back,

146

Abdullah, son of the Sharif of Meccah, ii. 150

Abdullah the Saudawi, or melancholist, ii. 230 Performs a wakil for the

pilgrim’s parents, 243 His farewell of the pilgrim, 260

Abel, his burial-place at Damascus, ii. 160, n.

Abrahah of Sana’a, erects the Kilis to outshine the Ka’abah, i. 321

Abraham, i. 212 Mosque at Meccah connected with, i. 305 Stone on which

he stood, preserved at Meccah, ii. 112 History of it, 112, it, n Legend

respecting his having learnt the rites of pilgrimage, 321 The Moslem

idea of the existence of two Abrahams, ii. 239

Abrahat al-Ashram, destruction of the host of, i. 384, n.

Abrar, or call to prayer, i. 88

Abs, the tribe of Arabs, so called, ii. 119

Absinthe, of the Desert, i. 155

Abu Abbas al-Andalusi, the Wali of Alexandria, tomb of, i. 12

Abu Ali, the fiery Shaykh of the Hawazim, ii. 29

Abu Ayyub, the Ansari, receives Mohammed after the Flight, i. 351,

355-357

Abu Bakr, the Caliph, his window at Al-Madinah, i. 316, 320 The

benediction bestowed on, 320 His tomb, 324 Elected Caliph, 339 How

regarded by Orthodox Moslems and Shi’ahs, 354 n. His dwelling near the

Mosque, 358 His Mosque at Al-Madinah, i. 395; ii. 48 The first who bore

the title of Emir al-Hajj, 420, n.

Abu Daraj (Father of Steps), wells of, i. 158, n. The mountain of, 158

Abu Hurayrah, his account of the building of the Prophet’s Mosque, i. 361

Abu Jubaylah, his destruction of the power of the Jews in Al-Madinah,

i. 349

Abu Kubays, the hill, the burial-place of Adam, ii. 160, 173

Abu Lahab, his ambuscade laid for the Prophet, site of, ii. 242

Abulfeda, his limits of Al-Hijaz, i. 376

[p.417]

Abu Sa’id al-Khazari, tomb of, at Al-Bakia, ii. 36

Abuse of Christians in the East, ii. 335

Abu Shuja’a of Isfahan, his theological work, i. 106

Abu Sufiyan routed by Mohammed the Prophet, i. 275

Abu Sufiyan bin al-Haris, his tomb, ii. 44, n.

Abu Zulaymah, Shaykh, the Red Sea saint, i. 199, 200

Abwa, tomb of Aminah at, i. 351, n.

Abyaz, or white, i. 381, n.

Abyssinian slaves in Egypt, i. 59 Style of courtship of, 59. Derivation

of the name, i. 177, n. Abyssinian slave girls, their value, ii. 13

Acacia, quantities of, ii. 68, 69, 72

Acacia-barren, terrors of an, ii. 69

Academia, the, of Al-Madinah, i. 338

Adam, stature of, according to Moslem legends, i. 204 His burial place

at the hill Abu Kubays, ii. 160 Legend of Adam and Eve at Mount Arafat,

189 Adam’s place of prayer at Arafat, 193

Adnan, the tribe of Arabs so called, ii. 119

Adas (lentils). See Lentils

Aden, ancient wells at, i. 204, n.; dry storms of, i. 247

Adultery, how punished at Al-Madinah, ii. 19

Advenae, of Arabia, ii. 77, n.

Aelius Gallus, i. 189

Aerolite worship, ii. 300, n.

Afghans, a chivalrous race, i. 40

Africans, their susceptibility to religious phrenzy, ii. 175

Agapemones, suppression of, in Egypt, i. 81, n.

Aghas, or eunuchs of the tomb of the Prophet, i. 316, n., 321 et seq;

Agha, pl Aghawat, a term of address to the eunuchs of the tomb, i. 371,

n.

Agni, the Indian fire-god, ii. 160, n.

Ague, prevalence of, in the East, i. 13

Ahali, or burghers, of Al-Madinah, i. 375

Ahl al-Risa, or the “people of the garment,” i. 327, n.

Ahmad Pasha, of Al-Hijaz, ii. 256 His quarrel with the Sharif of

Meccah, ii. 151, n.

Ahmad, son of the Sharif of Meccah, ii. 150

Ahzab, the Masjid al-, ii. 47

Ahzab, Al-, the battle of, ii. 47

Aimmat, the Shaykh al-, of the Prophet’s Mosque, i. 374

Ajami, meaning of the term, i. 11

Ajwah, the date so called, ii. 401

Ajwah (conserve of dates), ii. 401, n.

Akabah, ill-omened, i. 203, 213

Akabah, a steep descent, ii. 251, n.

Akd al-Nikah, or Ziwaj (Arab marriage), at Al-Madinah, ii. 23

Akhdam, or Serviles, of Al-Yaman, ii. 78, n.

Akhshabayn, Al-, the “two rugged hills,” near Arafat, ii. 182 The confusion

of the return of the pilgrims at, 200

Akhawah, Al-, the black mail among the Badawin, ii. 141

Akif, Haji, accosts the pilgrim, ii. 261

[p.418]

Akik, Wady al-, i. 278, n.

Aksa, the Masjid al-, at Jerusalem, ii. 305

Akhawat, the relationship among the Badawin so called, ii. 113

Alai, or regiment, of soldiers, i. 394

Alamayn (the “Twin Signs”), near Arafat, i. 379, ii. 182 Visit to the, 242

Albanians, or Arnauts, their desperate manners and customs, i. 133

Their man-shooting amusements, 133 A drinking bout with one, 135 One

killed by a sunstroke, i. 265 Parade of irregular horse, 266 Their

singular appearance, 267 Their delight in the noise of musketry, 267,

n. Their method of rifling their bullets, 267, n. Fight between them

and the hill Arabs, 269 A quarrelsome one in the Caravan, ii. 137

Alchemy, favourite Egyptian pursuit of, i. 108, n.

Alexander of Alexandria, i. 143, n.

Alexandria, i. 10 A city of misnomers, 10 Its peculiar interest to

Moslems, 12 Shopping in, 11 Venerable localities in, ib. Whiteness of

the walls of, 20, n. The Foreign Office of, 22 The Transit Office, 27

Algebra, study of, in Egypt, i. 107, n.

Alhambra, i. 95

Alhamdolillah, meaning of the ejaculation, i. 8

Ali, the fourth Caliph, reference to, ii. 280 His pillar at Al-Madinah,

326, n. His spouse, Lady Fatimah, 327 et seq. Column of, in the Prophet’s

Mosque, 336 Remains with the Prophet, 354 Joins Mohammed at Kuba, 355

His dwelling near the Mosque, 358 His Mosque at Al-Madinah, 395 Called

the “Musalla al-id,” ib. The birthplace of, at Meccah, ii. 254

Ali (the Masjid) at Al-Kuba, i. 412 At Al-Madinah, ii. 48

Ali Agha, an Albanian captain of Irregulars, or Yuzbashi, i. 132 His

personal appearance, 132 Origin of the pilgrim’s acquaintance with him,

132 Manners and customs of his countrymen, 133 His call and invitation,

135 A drinking bout with him, 136

Ali Bey al-Abbasi, i. 215, n.; 225, n. Employed as spy by the French

government, ii. 319. n. Value of his works, 319. n. History of him,

319, n.

Ali bin Ya Sin, the Zemzemi, ii. 125 A type of the Arab old man, 125

His accident on camel-back, 146 His appearance at the ceremonies of the

day of Arafat, 194 Insists on bestowing his company on the pilgrim, 199

His irritation, 202 His invitation to the pilgrim to dinner, 255

Description of the meal, 256

Ali al-Urays, a descendant of the Prophet, his tomb, ii. 59

Ali Murad, owner of the pilgrim-ship, i. 189, 192

Aliki tribe of Arabs, i. 145

Alms (sadaka), given the Prophet’s Mosque, i. 312 The, contributed to the

Prophet’s Mosque, 374

Aloe, superstitions of the Arabs and Africans respecting the, ii. 248

Amalekites, identified with the Amalik of the Moslems, i. 343, n.

Amalik, the tribe. See Aulad Sam bin Nuh

Amalikah, their foundation of the fifth house of Allah, ii. 321

Amalikah tribes, their mixture with the Himyaritic, ii. 79

[p.419]

Ambassadors, shameful degradation of, by Moslems, i. 112

Ambari gate of Al-Madinah, i. 285, 287, 395

Ambariyah, of Al-Madinah, house of the Coptic girl Mariyah at, i. 362,

n.

American Indians, North, compared with the Badawin, ii. 118 Inferiority

of the former, 119

Amin, Al- (the Honest), origin of the surname of the Prophet, ii. 323

Aminah, Sitt (mother of the Prophet), her tomb, i. 351, n.; ii. 249

Amlak bin Arfakhshad bin Sam bin Nuh, i. 343

Amlak (property in land) of the Benu Hosayn, ii. 4

Amm Jamal, the native of Al-Madinah, i. 230

Amr, the tribe of, saved from the deluge of Iram, i. 349 Their abodes

at Al-Madinah, 355 Their language, ii. 99, n.

Amr bin Amin Mal-al-Sama, his stratagem, i. 348 Saved from the Yamanian

deluge, 349 The forefather of Mohammed, 349

Amr al-Kays, poet and warrior, his death from ulcer, i. 390

Amur, the Benu, ii. 120, n. Its sub-divisions, 121, n.

Amusements of the Cairenes, i. 116

Anakim, Moslem, belief in, i. 204

Anatolia, i. 191

Angels, place of the (Malaikah), at Al-Madinah, i. 326 Prayer at the,

326

Anizah, the Benu (a Jewish tribe), in Arabia, i. 347, n. Their

temperament, ii. 78, 121

Ansar, Arab tribe of, i. 347

Ansar, or Auxiliaries, of Al-Madinah, i. 355 Assist Mohammed in

building the first Mosque, 357 One of the, sells his house to the

Prophet, 361

Antar, songs of, Warburton’s opinion of, ii. 95

Antichrist (Al-Dajjal), the Moslem belief respecting, i. 378, n.

Antimony (Kohl), used as a remedy in small-pox, i. 385

Anzah (iron-shod javelin), i. 407

Apes, of Al-Hijaz, ii. 220 Traditions respecting them, 220, n. Stories

told of them, 221

Apple of Sodom, ii. 137, n.

“Arabesque,” origin of, i. 94

Arabesques, the vulgar, of the Riwaks at Al-Madinah and of the tombs at

Cairo, i. 335

Arabia, horses of, i. 3 The Ruba al-Khali, 3 Possesses no river worthy

of the name, 4 Testimony of Ibn Haukal to this fact, 4 Contains three

distinct races, 4 Enumeration of them, 4 Remnants of heathenry in, 4

Destruction of the idols of the Arab pantheon, 91. Origin of Arab art,

94, n. Closed against trade with Christianity as early as the 7th

century, 113, n. The “Mountains of Paradise” with which it abounds, 222 The

little villages in, continually changing their names, 245 The “dry storm”

of, 247 A Caravan in, 249 The water-courses (misyal) of, 250 Excellent

water found in the Deserts of, 254 Depopulation of villages and

districts in, 254 Bands of robbers in, 256 Imbecility of the Turkish

Government in, 257 The “poison wind” of, 265, n. The celebrated horses and

camels from Nijd, 266, n. Wells of the Indians in Arabia, 274 Moslem

account [p.420] of the first settlement in, 343 One of the nurseries of

mankind, 344, n. Causes of the continual emigrations from, 345, n.

Governed by the Benu Israel, after the destruction of the Amalik, 346

Derivation of the name Arabia, 346, n. The flood of Iram, 348 Former

possessions of, in Egypt, 359, n. Fire-temples of the ancient Guebres

in, 379, n. Diseases of, 384, et seq. Description of a desert in, ii.

131 A night journey in, 132

Arabia Petræa, of the Greeks, i. 376, n.

Arab al-Aribah, ii. 77

Arab al-Musta’ajamah, ii. 79

Arab al-Musta’arabah, or half-caste Arab, ii. 79

Arabs. (See also Badawin.) Similarity in language and customs between

the Arabs and the tribes occupying the hills that separate India from

Persia, 246, n. Generalisation unknown to the Arabs, 250, n. Their

ignorance of anything but details, 250 Journey through a country

fantastic in its desolation, 252 Ruinous effects of the wars between

the Wahhabis and the Egyptians, 254 Good feelings of Arabs easily

worked upon, 256 Douceurs given by the Turkish government to the Arab

Shaykhs of Al-Hijaz, 266 Fight between the troops and Arabs in

Al-Hijaz, 273 The world divided by Arabs into two great bodies, viz.,

themselves and the “Ajami,” 290, n. Their affectionate greetings, 287, 280,

n. Their fondness for coffee, 290, n. Their children and their bad

behaviour and language, 292 An Arab breakfast, 298 Melancholia frequent

among the Arabs, 299, n. Probable cause of this, 299, n. Tenets of the

Wahhabis, 306 Capitulation of the Benu Kurayzah to the Prophet, 336

Moslem early history of some of the tribes, 349, et seq. Dwellings of

the Arabs in the time of Mohammed, 359 The seasons divided by them into

three, 383 Diseases of the Arabs of Al-Hijaz, 384, et seq. The Arabs

not the skilful physicians that they were, 390 Portrait of the farmer

race of Arabs, 407 The Arzah, or war dance, 419 Arab superstitions, 427

Difference between the town and country Arab, ii. 13 Their marriages,

23, et seq. Their funerals, 24 Their difficulty of bearing thirst, 69

The races of Al-Hijaz, 76 et seq. Arab jealousy of being overlooked,

318, n.

Arabic. Generalisation not the forte of the Arabic language, 250 Its

facilities for rhyming, i. 319, n. Traditions respecting its origin,

344 Said to be spoken by the Almighty, 344, n. Changes in the classical

Arabic, ii. 15 Purity of the Badawi dialect, 98, n. Examination of the

objections to Arabic as a guttural tongue, 99, n. Difference in the

articulation of several Badawi clans, 99, n. Suited to poetry, but, it

is asserted, not to mercantile transactions, 100 The vicious

pronounciation of Indians and slaves, 184, n. The charming song of

Maysunah, 190 The beautiful Tumar character, 215 Differences of opinion

among travellers and linguists respecting Arabic and its dialects, 235,

n.

Arafat, the Masjid, at Al-Kuba, i. 412 Tall Arafat, 412

Arafat, mount (anciently Jabal Ilal, now Jabal al-Rahmah), ceremony of

the pilgrimage to, ii. 289 Description of, 189 Former high cultivation

of the Arafat plain, 187 Derivation of the name of [p.421] the mount,

188, n. The camp arrangements at, 189 Superstitious rite on behalf of

women at, 189 The ceremonies of the day of Arafat, 192, et seq. The

sermon, 197 The hurry from Arafat, 199 The approach to the Arafat

plain, 182

Araki, the Cognac of Egypt and Turkey, i. 134 Called at Cairo “sciroppo

di gomma,” 144, n. A favourite drink among all classes and sexes, 144, n.

Arbun (earnest money), ii. 52

Arches, pointed, known at Cairo 200 years before they were introduced

into England, i. 96

Architecture, the present Saracenic Mosque-architecture, origin of the,

i. 364, n. Simple tastes of the Arabs in, 396 The climate inimical to

the endurance of the buildings, 396

Arian heretics, i. 143, n.

Arimi, tribe of Arabs so called, i. 145

Aris, Al-, (a bridegroom), ii. 23

Arithmetic, Moslem study of, i. 108, n.

Arkam bin al-Arkam, last king of the Amalik, i. 345

Armenian marriage, i. 123

Arms prohibited from being carried in Egypt, i. 17 Arms of Arabs, 237,

248; ii. 105, 106 Those worn by Oriental travellers, i. 238 Should

always be kept bright, 238 Arms of Arnaut Irregular horse, 266 The use

of the bayonet invaluable, 269, n. Stilettos of the Calabrese, 269, n.

Sabres preferred to rifles by Indians, 269, n.

Army, amount of the Turkish of Al-Hijaz, i. 393, n. The battalion

regiment and camp, 394, n.

Arnaud, M., his visit to the ruins of the dyke of Mareb, i. 348, n.

Arnauts. See Albanians

Arwam or Greeks in Al-Madinah, i. 292

Arsh, or throne, of God, ii. 319

Art, Arab origin of, i. 95, n.

Arusah, Al- (a bride), ii. 23, n.

Arzah, or Arab war-dance, i. 419

As’ad bin Zararah, his conversion by the Prophet, i. 352

Asal Asmar, or brown honey, ii. 130, n.

Asclepias gigantea (ashr), its luxuriance in the deserts of Arabia, ii.

137 Bears the long-sought apple of Sodom, 138, n. The fruit used as a

medicine by the Arabs, 138, n. Called the “silk-tree,” 138, n. Its probable

future commercial importance, 138, n.

Ashab, or Companions of the Prophet, i. 320 The Ustuwanat al-Ashab, or

Column of the Companions, 326, n. Graves of the, at Al-Bakia, ii. 43

Ashab al-Suffah, or “Companions of the Sofa,” i. 363, n.

Ashab, the relationship among the Badawin so called, ii. 113

Ashgar, Ali Pasha, the Emir al-Hajj, ii. 71

Ashr (Asclepias gigantea, which see)

Ashwat, or seven courses, round the Ka’abah, ii. 167, n.

Askar, the Masjid al-, ii. 49

Asr, al-, or afternoon prayers, i. 311, n.

Assayd, the Jewish priest of Al-Madinah, i. 350

[p.422]

“Asses turning their back upon Allah’s mercy,” i. 347

Asses, of Al-Madinah, ii. 17 Usefulness of the ass in the East, ii.

241, n. The best and the highest-priced animals, 241, n.

Assassination, how to put an end to at Naples and Leghorn, i. 258, n.

Assassins (from Hashshashshiyun), i. 187, n.

Astronomy among the modern Egyptians, i. 108, n. Among the Badawin, ii.

107

Aswad (dark or black), the word, i. 381, n.

Atakah, Jabal (Mountain of Deliverance), i. 195

Atfah, i. 30

Auf, the Benu, their language, ii. 99, n. Their subdivisions, 120, n.

Aukaf, or bequests left to the Prophet’s Mosque, i. 374 Those given to

the Benu Hosayn, ii. 4 The Nazir al-Aukaf at Constantinople, 7

Aulad Sam bin Nuh (or Amalikah, Amalik) inspired with a knowledge of

the Arabic tongue, i. 343 Settles at Al-Madinah, 344 Identified with

the Phœnicians, Amalekites, Canaanites, and Hyksos, 343, n. Supplanted by

the Jews, 347

Aus, Arab tribe of, i. 147, 149 Their wars with the Kharaaj, 149

Converted by Mohammed, 352 Their plot against Mohammed, 358 Their

mixture with the Amalikah, ii. 79

Austrians, despised in Egypt, i. 111

Awali, the, or plains about Kuba, i. 380

Awam, the, or nobile vulgus of Al-Madinah, i. 375

Ayat, or Koranic verse, i. 353

Ayishah accedes to the wishes of Osman and Hasan to be buried near the

Prophet, i. 325 Her pillar in the Mosque of the Prophet, 335 Her

chamber, or the Hujrah, surrounded with a mud wall, 363 Anecdote of

her, ii. 34, n. Her tomb, 38 Her jealousy of the Coptic girl Mariyah,

47, n.

Ayn al-Birkat, i. 227 The Ayn Ali, 227

Ayn al-Zarka (azure spring), of Al-Madinah, i. 381

Ayr, Jabal, its distance from Al-Madinah, i. 379 Cursed by the Prophet,

422

Ayyas bin Ma’az, converted by the Prophet, i. 352

Ayyaz, Kazi, his works, i. 106, n.

Ayyub, Abu, the Ansari, ii. 408 The Bayt Ayyub, his descendants, 408

Ayyub, well of, at Al-Madinah, i. 360

Azan, or summons to prayer, i. 76; i. 363

Azbakiyah, of Cairo, i. 81 Drained and planted by Mohammed Ali, 81, n.

Azhar, Al-, Mosque, at Cairo, i. 97, l00, et seq. Foundation of, 102

Immense numbers of students at, 102 The course of study pursued in, 103

The principal of the Afghan College, Shaykh Abd al-Wahab ibn Yunus

al-Sulaymani, 130-131

Azrail, the angel of death, i. 302, 365

Azrak, Bahr al-, remarks on the usual translation of the expression, i.

381, n.

BAB, gates of the Mosque of Meccah, ii. 314

Bab al-Atakhah, “gate of deliverance,” at Al-Madinah, i. 332, n.

[p.423]

Bab al-Jabr, or Gate of Repairing, i. 333, n.

Bab al-Nasr, the gate of Cairo so called, i. 143 Tombs outside the,

335, n.

Bab al-Nisa, at Al-Madinah, i. 332

Bab al-Rahmah, or Gate of Pity, at Al-Madinah, i. 332

Bab al-Salam, anciently called the Bab al-Atakah, i. 332

Bab Jibrail, or Gate of the Archangel Gabriel, i. 333

Bab Majidi, or Gate of the Sultan Abd al-Majid, at Al-Madinah, i. 332

Babel or Babylon, settled by the family of Noah, i. 343

Badanjan (egg plant), i. 404

Bad-masti, or liquor-vice, ii. 272

Baghdad, i. 266, n. Quarrel between the Baghdad Caravan and that from

Damascus, ii. 128

Baghlah (corrupted to Bungalow), i. 178

Bayt al-Ansari, at Al-Madinah, ii. 1 The Bayt Abu Jud, 1 The Bayt

al-Sha’ab, 1 The Bayt al-Karrani, 1

Bayt al-Ma’amur, ii. 320

Bayt al-Nabi (the Prophet’s old house) at Meccah, ii. 251

Bayt Ullah, or House of Allah at Meccah, i. 306 See Ka’abah.

Bakhshish, meaning of, i. 8, n. In the deserts of Arabia, 247, 248; 406

The odious sound for ever present in Egypt, i. 189 Always refused by

Englishmen, 189

Bakia, Al-, cemetery of at Al-Madinah, i. 278, n., 286, 323, n., 327

Prayers for the souls of the blessed who rest in, 328 Visitation of

the, ii. 31 Graves of the Ashab and Sayyids at, 32 Foundation of the

place by the Prophet, 32 Description of a funeral at, 33 The martyrs

of, 37 Tombs of the wives and daughters of the Prophet at, 38 The

beggars of, 38 Benediction of, 42 The other celebrities of, 43-44, n.

Belal, his Mosque at Al-Manakhah, i. 395

Balsam of Meccah, used in the cure of wounds, i. 389 See Gilead, Balm of

Bamiyah, an esculent hibiscus, i. 404

Banca tin, i. 180

Baras, the kind of leprosy so called. See Leprosy

Barbers, Eastern, their skill, i. 289, n.

Barr, Al-, at Madinah, i. 289, 297

Barsim, or Egyptian clover, i. 404

Bartema, reference to, i. 326 n. His account of the colony of Jews

existing in Arabia, 346 n. Adventures of, ii. 333

Basalt (Hajar Jahannam, or hell-stone), ii. 74

Bashi Buzuks, irregular troops at Cairo, i. 157

Bashat al-Askar, or commander of the forces of the Caravan, ii. 72

Bashir Agha college, at Al-Madinah, ii. 24

Basrah, a den of thieves, how reformed, i. 258, n.

Bastarah, i. 29

Bathing in cold water, Arab dislike to, i. 173 The bath in the Hart

Zawaran of Al-Madinah, i. 392

Batn Arnah, near Mount Arafat, ii. 187

Batn al-Muhassir (Basin of the Troubler) at Muna, ii. 181

Battalin, the lowest order of the Eunuchs of the Tomb, i. 372

[p.424]

Batul, Al-, or the Virgin, term applied to the Lady Fatimah, i. 328, n.

Bawwabin, one of the orders of the Eunuchs of the Tomb, i. 372

Bazar, of Al-Madinah, i. 391

Bayazi schismatics, ii. 6

Bayonet, use of, not learnt in the English army, i. 269, n. The most

formidable of offensive weapons, 269, n.

Bayruha, Bir al-, at Kuba, i. 414, n. “Beauty-masks,” in vogue at Meccah,

ii. 233

Badawin, i. 142, 144 Observations on the modern Sinaitic or Tawarah

race of, 146, et seq. Enumeration of the chief clans of, 146

Ethnographical peculiarities of, 146 Improvement in, 147 How manageable

in the Desert, 148 The city Arab, 153 Arab dislike to bathing in cold

water; 173 Arab food, 211 Description of a Shaykh fully equipped for

travelling, 234 Dress of the poorer class of Arabs, 237 Their songs in

the Desert, 242 The Aulad Ali, 112, n. Badawi robbers, mode of

proceeding of, 127 Awed only by the Albanian irregulars, 133 Habits,

142, 144 Their songs, 144 Their tobacco-pipes, 144, n. Remarks on the

modern Sinaitic clans, 145 Purity of blood of the Muzaynah, 145 Their

peculiar qualities, 146 Their love of the oasis, 149, n. How treated by

the city Arab, 152 A Badawi ambuscade, 156 Their food, 182, n. The

wreckers of the coasts of the Red Sea, 205 Their bad character at Marsa

Damghah, 213 Those of the coasts of the Red Sea, 218 The camel Badawin

of Arabia, 230 The Hazimi tribe “out,” 231 The black mail levied by them on

stranger travellers, 233, n. Their suspicion of persons sketching, 240,

n. Badawi woman leading sheep and goats, 246 Character of the tribe of

Benu-Harb, 247 Their pride, 247 The Benu Bu Ali tribe defeated by Sir

L. Smith, 248, n. Their ingenuity in distinguishing between localities

the most similar, 251 Quarrel with, 256. The Sumayat and Mahamid,

sub-families of the Hamidah, 256 The Benu Amr, 257 Attempt to levy

black mail, 261 Their defeat of Tussun Bey in 1811, 262 Fight between

them and the Albanian troops, 269, 273 Their method of treating wounds,

271, n. Their attack on the Caravan, 273 Graves of the Benu Salim, or

Salmah, 274, n. Shape of the graves, 274 Their contempt for mules and

asses, 304 Their preservation of the use of old and disputed words,

377, n. Their appearance in the Damascus Caravan, 418 n. The Benu

Hosayn at Al-Madinah, ii. 4 The Benu Ali at the Awali, 4, 5 Almost all

the Badawin of Al-Madinah are of the Shafe’i school, 6 Their idea of the

degradation of labour, 9 Furious fight between the Hawazim and the

Hawamid, 29 Practice of entrusting children to their care that they may

be hardened by the discipline of the Desert, 36, n. Their fondness for

robbing a Hajji, 385 The Sobh tribe inveterate plunderers, ii. 58 Their

only ideas of distance, 63, n. Their difficulty of bearing thirst, 69

Account of the Badawin of Al-Hijaz, 76, et seq. The three races, 76 The

indigens, or autochthones, 77 Their similarity to the indigens of

India, 77, n. The advenæ, 78 The Ishmaelites, 78 Mixture of the

Himyaritic and Amalikah tribes, 79 Immutability of race [p.425] in the

Desert, 79 Portrait of the Hijazi Badawin, 80 Their features,

complexion, &c., 80, 82 Their stature, 83 Their systematic

intermarriage, 84 Appearance of the women, 85 Manners of the Badawin,

85 Their true character, 86 How Arab society is bound together, 86, 87

Fitful and uncertain valour of the Badawin, 87 Causes of their bravery,

88 The two things which tend to soften their ferocity, 89 Tenderness

and pathos of the old Arab poets, 93 Heroisms of the women, 94 Badawi

platonic affection, 94 Arab chivalry, 95 Dakhl, or protection, among

them, 97 Their poetic feeling, 98 Effect of Arab poetry, in the Desert

98, 99 Brigandage honourable among the Badawin, 101 The price of blood

among them, 103 Intensity of their passions, 103 Their sports, 103

Their weapons, 105 Their sword-play, 106 Their music and musical

instruments, 107 Their surgery, 108 Their religion, 109 Their

ceremonies, 110 Circumcision, 110 Marriage, 111 Funeral rites, 111

Methods of living on terms of friendship with them, 112 Their bond of

salt, 112 Their government, 113 The threefold kind of relationship

among the tribes: the Ashab, the Kiman, and the Akhawat, 113 Black

mail, 114 Their dress, 115 Their food, 116 Smoking, 118 The Badawin

compared with the North American Indians, 118-119 Superiority of the

former, 119 Enumeration of the principal branches of the Badawi

genealogical tree, 119-123 n. Ferocity of the Utaybah Badawin, 144.

Their visit to the House of Allah, 168 Their graves at Mount Ohod, i.

430 Their disgust when in towns, ii. 179n. Their appearance in the

Damascus Caravan on the Arafat plain, 181 Their cleanliness compared

with the dirt of the citizen Arabs, 190 Their fondness for the song of

Maysunah, 190, n. Their wild dances and songs, 223 A pert donkey-boy,

262

“Badr,” the scene of the Prophet’s principal military exploits, i. 225, 260

Badr, reference to the battle of, i. 274 n.

Beef, considered unwholesome by the Arabs, ii. 17

Beggars in the Prophet’s Mosque, i. 312 Female beggars near the tomb of

the Lady Fatimah, 328 At the tomb of the Prophet, 331 Strong muster of,

at Al-Bakia, ii. 38

Bekkah, or place of crowding, Meccah so called, ii. 215, n.

Belal, the Prophet’s mu’ezzin, i. 234; ii. 1, n.

Bells, origin and symbolical meaning of, i. 79, n.

Baluchi, nomads, the, i. 246 n.

Benu-Harb, the Arab tribe, i. 247 Their pride, 248 Sub-families and

families of the, 256 Their defeat of Tussun Bey and his 8,000 Turks, 262

Benu-Israel, Dr. Wilson’s observations on, i. 147, n.

Benu Jahaynah, i. 24

Benu Kalb, i. 214, 248

Benjamin of Tudela, his accounts of the Jewish colony in Arabia, ii.

346, n.

Bequests (Aukaf) left to the Prophet’s Mosque, ii. 374

Berberis, characteristics of the, i. 62, 63, 202

Bertolucci, M., his visit to Meccah, i. 5, n.

Beybars, Al-Zahir, Sultan of Egypt, his contribution to the Mosque of

the Prophet, i. 368

[p.426]

[“]Bida’ah,” or custom unknown at the time of the Prophet, i. 371, n.

Bir Abbas, in Al-Hijaz, i. 264

Bir al-Aris, the, in the garden of Kuba, i. 412 Called also the Bir

al-Taflat (of Saliva), 413

Bir al-Hindi, the halting place, i. 274

Bir Said (Sa’id’s well), i. 251

Bilious complaints common in Arabia, i. 387

Birds, of the palm-groves of Al-Madinah, ii. 399 Carrion birds on the

road between Al-Madinah and Meccah, ii. 62 The Rakham and Ukab, 62

Vicinage of the kite and crow to the dwellings of man, 72

Birkah, Al-, the village so called, i. 29

Birkat, Al- (the Tank), description of, ii. 136

Birni, Al-, the date so called, i. 401 The grape so termed, 404

Bissel, battle of, ii. 89

Bizr al-Kutn (cotton seed), used a[s] remedy in dysentery, i. 389

Blackmail, levied by the Badawin, i. 233, n., 265; ii. 114

Black Stone (Hajar al-Aswad), the famous, of the Ka’abah, ii. 302, 321

Traditions respecting the, 303, n. Its position, 302 Its appearance,

303 Ceremonies on visiting it, 168

Blessing the Prophet, efficacy of the act of, i. 313, n. The idea

borrowed from a more ancient faith, 313, n.

Blood-revenge, i. 235

Blood-feud, proper use of the, i. 259 Its importance in Arab society,

ii. 87 The price of blood, 103

Buas, battle of, between the Aus and Kharaj tribes, i. 349; ii. 59, n.

Bokhari, Al-, celebrated divine, i. 106, n.

Books, Moslem, those read in schools in Egypt, i. 105 Works on Moslem

divinity, 105, et seq. Books on logic and rhetoric, 108, n. Algebra,

108, n. History and philosophy, 108, n. Poetry, 108, n. Abundance of

books at Al-Madinah, ii. 24

Borneo, pilgrims from, to Meccah, i. 179

Botany of the Arabian Desert, ii. 137

Bouda, the Abyssinian malady so called, ii. 175, n.

Brahui nomads, i. 246, n.

Bravado, its effect in Arabia, ii. 264

Bread in Arabia, i. 245 That called Kakh, 245 Fondness of Orientals for

stale unleavened bread, 245, n.

Breakfast, an Arab, i. 298

“Breeding-in,” question of, ii. 84

Brigandage, held in honour among the Badawin, ii. 101

Britain, probable origin of the name, ii. 239, n.

Bughaz, or defile, where Tussun Bey was defeated, i. 262, n.

Bukht al-Nasr (Nebuchadnezzar), invasion of, i. 347

Bulak, the suburb of, i. 31

“Bulak Independent,” the, i. 109, n.

Buraydat al-Aslami, escorts Mohammed to Al-Madinah, i. 354

Burckhardt, his grave near Cairo, i. 84, n. Error in his Map of Arabia,

253 Reference to his “Travels,” i. 286, n. His account of the curtain round

the Prophet’s tomb, 321, n. Extracts from his descriptions of the Bayt

Ullah, ii. 294, et seq.

[p.427]

Burial-places in the East and in Europe, ii. 183

Burma, or renegade, derivation of the word, i. 23

Burnus, i. 193

Burton, Lieut., what induced him to make a pilgrimage, i. 1 His

principal objects, 3 Embarks at Southampton, 5 His Oriental “impedimenta,”

5 His eventless voyage, 6 Trafalgar, 7 Gibaltar, 7 Malta, 7 Lands at

Alexandria, 8 Successfully disguises himself, 11 Supposed by the

servants to be an ’Ajami, 11 Secures the assistance of a Shaykh, 11

Visits Al-Nahl and the venerable localities of Alexandria, 11 His

qualifications as a fakir, magician, and doctor, 12 Assumes the

character of a wandering Darwaysh as being the safest disguise, 13

Adopts the name of Shaykh Abdullah, 14 Elevated to the position of a

Murshid, 14 Leaves Alexandria, 16 His adventures in search of a

passport, 19 Reasons for assuming the disguise, 22 His wardrobe and

outfit, 23 Leaves Alexandria, 28 Voyage up the Nile, 29 Arrives at

Bulak, 31 Lodges with Miyan Khudabakhsh Namdar, 35 Life in the Wakalah

of Egypt, 41 Makes the acquaintance of Haji Wali, 43 Becomes an Afghan,

45 Interposes for Haji Wali, 48 Engages a Berberi as a servant, 62

Takes a Shaykh, or teacher, Shaykh Mohammed al-Attar, 67 The Ramazan,

74 Visits the “Consul-General” at Cairo, 86 Pleasant acquaintances at

Cairo, 122 Account of the pilgrim’s companion, Mohammed al-Busyani, 123

Lays in stores for the journey, 125 The letter of credit, 126 Meets

with difficulties respecting the passport, 127 Interview with the

Persian Consul, 129 Obtains a passport through the intervention of the

chief of the Afghan college, 131 An adventure with an Albanian captain

of irregulars, 132, et seq. Departure from Cairo found necessary, 140 A

display of respectability, 141 Shaykh Nassar, the Badawi, 141 Hasty

departure from Cairo, 142 The Desert, 144, et seq. The midnight halt,

154 Resumes the march, 154 Rests among a party of Maghrabi pilgrims,

156 Adventure on entering Suez, 159 An uncomfortable night, 159

Interview with the governor of Suez, 160 Description of the pilgrim’s

fellow-travellers at Suez, 161, et seq. Advantages of making a loan,

165 Suspicion awakened by a sextant, 166 Passports a source of trouble,

168 Kindness of Mr. West, 169 Preparations for the voyage from Suez,

172 Society at the George Inn, 172 The pilgrim-ship, 186 A battle with

the Maghrabis, 191 Leaves Suez, 194 Course of the vessel, 195 Halts

near the Hammam Bluffs, 197 The “Golden Wire” aground, 200 Re-embarkation,

201 Reaches Tur, 201 Visits Moses’ Hot Baths, 203 Leaves Tur, 207 Effects

of a thirty-six hours’ sail, 209 Makes Damghah anchorage, 213 Enters Wijh

Harbour, 214 Sails for Jabal Hassani, 217 Nearly wrecked, 219 Makes

Jabal Hassani, 220 Wounds his foot, 221 The halt at Yambu’, 225 Bargains

for camels, 230 An evening party at Yambu’, 232 Personates an Arab, 234

His Hamail or pocket Koran, 239 Departure from Yambu’, 241 The Desert,

242 The halting-ground, 244 Resumes the march, 244 Alarm of [p.428]

“Harami” or thieves, 249 Reaches Bir Sa’id, 251 Encamps at Al-Hamra, 253

Visits the village, 254 A comfortless day there, 255 Attempt of the

Badawin to levy blackmail, 261 Encamps at Bir Abbas, 264 A forced halt,

271 Prepares to mount and march, 272 Scene in the Shuab al-Hajj, 273

Arrives at Shuhada, 274 The favourite halting-place, Bir al-Hindi, 274

Reaches Suwaykah, 275 Has a final dispute with Sa’ad the Demon, 276

Disappearance of the camel-men, 277 First view of the city of

Al-Madinah, 279 Poetical exclamations and enthusiasm of the pilgrims,

280 Stays at the house of Shaykh Hamid, 288 The visitors and children

there, 291 The style of living at Al-Madinah, 296 View from the majlis’

windows, 297 Visits the Prophet’s tomb, 304 Expensiveness of the visit,

331 Reasons for doubting that the Prophet’s remains are deposited in the

Hijrah, 339. Visits the Mosque of Kuba, 398 Sums spent in sightseeing,

411 His “Kayf” at Al-Kuba, 412 Arrival of the “Damascus pilgrimage” at

Al-Madinah, 416 The visitation of Ohod, 419 Attends at the Harim in the

evening, 433 Visits the cemetery of Al-Bakia, ii. 31 Prepares to leave

Al-Madinah, 51 Adieus, 54 The last night at Al-Madinah, 55 The next

dangers, 57 The march from Al-Madinah, 59 The first halt, 59 A gloomy

pass, 61 Journey from Al-Suwayrkiyah to Meccah, 124 A small feast, 127

A night journey, 132 An attack of the Utaybah, 143 The pilgrim sights

Meccah, 152 His first visit to the House of Allah, 160 His

uncomfortable lodging, 171 Returns to the Ka’abah, 172 Ceremonies of the

day of Arafat, 192 et seq.; and of the Day of Victims, 202 Accident at

the Great Devil, 204 Revisits the Ka’abah, 206 The sacrifices at Muna,

217 The sermon at the Harim, 225 Life at Meccah, and the Little

Pilgrimage, 227 The pilgrim’s contemplated resolution to destroy the

slave trade, 252 Description of a dinner at Meccah, 256 Leaves Meccah,

260 Events on the road, 261, et seq. Enters Jeddah, 265 End of the

pilgrim’s peregrinations, 276

Busat, Bir al-, at Kuba, i., 414, n.

Business, style of doing, in the East, i. 27

Bassorah, i. 266, n.

Butter, clarified (Samn in Arabia, the Indian ghi), used in the East,

i. 182, 245 Fondness of Orientals for, ii. 11

Buza’at, Bir al-, at Kuba, i. 414, n.

CAGLIOSTRO, Count (Guiseppe Balsamo), the impostor, his settlement of

Greeks at Al-Madinah, i. 292; ii. 25

Cain, his burial-place under Jabal Shamsan, ii. 160, n.

Cairo, its celebrated latticed windows, i. 35 Medical practitioners in,

54 Expenses of a bachelor in, 65 A Cairo druggist described, 67 The

Abbasiyah palace, 78 Scene from the Mosque of Mohammed Ali by

moonlight, 84 A stroll in the city at night, 88 Immense number of

Mosques at, 96 Once celebrated [p.429] for its libraries, 101, n.

Fanatic Shaykhs of, 113, n. The corporations, or secret societies of,

113 Description of the festival following the Ramazan, 115 The “New Year

Calls” at Cairo, 117. Meaning of the name Cairo, 117 The Pressgang in,

117 The inhabitants panic-stricken at the rumours of a conspiracy, 118

Scenes before the police magistrate, 119 Vulgar arabesques on the tombs

outside the Bab al-Nasr, 335, n. Gardens in the Mosques of, 337

Magician of, 388, n.

Cambay, Gulf of, i. 212

Camel-grass of the Desert, i. 252

Camels, remarks on riding, i. 142 The “nakh,” 152 n. The Shaykh or agent of

(the Mukharrij), 230 His duties, 230, n. Loading camels in Arabia, 234

The mas’hab, or stick for guiding, 237 The Arab assertion that the feet

of the camel are pained when standing still, 241, n. Mounting a camel,

241 Travelling in Indian file, 243 Pace at which camels travel, 244, n.

Method of camel-stealing in Arabia, 250, n. The celebrated camels from

Nijd, i. 266, n. Camel-travelling compared with dromedary-travelling,

281 The she-camel which guided Mohammed, 354, 355, 360 Carthartic

qualities of camels’ milk, 390 The huge white Syrian dromedary, 418 The

Dalul, 418 The Nakah, 418, n. The camels of Al-Madinah, ii. 16 Camel

hiring at Al-Madinah, 32 Camel’s sure-footedness, 68 A night-journey

with, in the Desert, 132 Specimens of the language used to camels, 133,

n. Mode of sacrificing camels, 217, n.

Canaanites, identified with the Amalik of the Moslems, i. 343, n.

Canal, the proposed, between Pelusium and Suez, i. 143

Capparis, the wild, in Arabia, ii. 72

Caramania, i. 191

Caravan, i. 249 The escort, 249 The Tayyarah, or flying Caravan, ii. 50

The Rakb, or dromedary Caravan, 50 Principal officers of the Caravan to

Meccah, ii. 71

Caravanserai, of Egypt. See Wakalah

Caste in India, observations on, i. 36, n.

Castor-plant, i. 403

Cathedrals, of Spain, proofs of their Oriental origin, i. 307, n. The

four largest in the world, 364, n.

Catherine, St., convent of, on the shores of the Red Sea, i. 202, n.

Cattle, breeding of, among the Badawin, ii. 107

Cautery, the actual, used in cases of dysentery, i. 389 And for the

cure of ulcers, 390

Cavalry, Albanian irregular, i. 266 English cavalry tactics defective,

268 Reference to Captain Nolan’s work, 268 Ancient and modern cavalry,

268 The Chasseurs de Vincennes, 269

Cave, of Mount Ohod, i. 423

Celibacy in the East, pernicious effects of, ii. 79, n.

Cemetery of Al-Bakia. See Bakia

Cemetery of Meccah (Jannat al-Ma’ala), visit to the, ii. 248

Cephren, pyramid of, i. 30

Cereals, of the Madinah plain, i. 404

“Chains, Affair of,” (Zat al-Salasil), ii. 89

[p.430]

Chaldæans, in Arabia, ii. 77

Charity, water distributed in, i. 6

Chasseurs de Vincennes, i. 269

Chaunting the Koran, i. 106

Cheops, pyramid of, i. 30

Children of the Arabs, i. 292 Their bad behaviour and bad language, 292

Causes of this, 292, n. Children entrusted to Badawin, ii. 89

Chivalry, Arab, ii. 92 Songs of Antar, 95 Chivalry of the Caliph

Al-Mu’tasim, 96

Chob-Chini. See Jin-seng

Cholera Morbus in Al-Hijaz. See Rih al-Asfar

Christ, personal suffering of, denied by all Moslems, i. 326, n.

Christians, colony of, on the shores of the Red Sea, i. 202

Civilisation, the earliest, always took place in a fertile valley, with

a navigable river, i. 344 n.

Circumambulation. See Tawaf

Circumcision, ceremony of, ii. 19 Among the Badawin, ii. 110 The two

kinds, Taharah and Salkh, 110. Method of proceeding, 110, n.

Cleopatra’s Baths, i. 10

Cleopatra’s Needle, i. 10 Called Pharaoh’s packing-needle by the native

Ciceroni, 10, n.

Cleopatra, her introduction of Balm of Gilead into Egypt, ii. 148, n.

Coffee-house, description of an Eastern, i. 215 Good quality of the

coffee drunk at Al-Madinah, i. 290 Filthiness of that of Egypt, 290, n.

The “Kishr” of Al-Yaman, 291, n. The coffee-houses of Al-Madinah, 392

Coffee-drinking on the march, ii. 63 The coffee-houses at Muna, 222

Coffee-houses on the road near Meccah, 261

Cole, Mr. Charles, Vice-Consul at Jeddah, his account of the population

of the principal towns of Arabia, i. 393, n. His straightforwardness

and honesty of purpose, ii. 267 His letter on the trade of Jeddah, 268,

n.

Colleges (Madrasah), the two, of Al-Madinah, ii. 24

Colligation, system of, in battle, ii. 89. The “Affair of Chains” (Zat

al-Salasil), 89, n.

Coloquintida, its growth in the Deserts of Arabia, ii. 137 Used as a

medicine by the Arabs, 137, n.

Comet, apprehensions of the Madani at the appearance of one, ii. 29

Commerce, of Suez, i. 179

Communist principles of Mazdak the Persian, ii. 3, n.

Consular dragoman, a great abuse in the East, i. 128, n. Instances of

the evils caused by the tribe, 128, n. Hanna Massara, 128, n. Remedies

proposed, 128, n. Consular abuses, 129

Conversation, specimen of Oriental, i. 87

Coptic Christians, good arithmeticians, i. 108, n. Coptic artists

employed on the Mosque of Al-Madinah, i. 365 Probably half-caste Arabs,

ii. 78, n.

Coral reefs of the Red Sea. i. 218

Corinthians, fair, not any at Al-Madinah, ii. 19 Those of Jeddah, ii.

270

Cosmetic, Badawi, ii. 81, n.

[p.431]

Cot, column of the, in the Prophet’s Mosque, i. 336

Cotton seed (Bizr al-Kutn), used as a remedy in dysentery, i. 389

Courtship, Abyssinian style of, i. 59

Covetousness of the Arab, its intensity, ii. 103

Cressets (Mashals), of the East, ii. 132 The Pasha’s cressets, 132, n.

Cressy, reference to the battle of, i. 267, n.

Crown of Thorns, i. 405, n.

Curtain, of the Prophet’s tomb, i. 321

DABISTAN al-Mazahib, i. 344, n.

Daggers of the Badawin, ii. 106

Dajjal, Al- (Antichrist), the Moslem belief respecting, i. 378, n.

Dakhl, or protection, among the Arabs, ii. 97

Dakkat al-Aghawat, or eunuch’s bench, at Al-Madinah, i. 316, n.

Dakruri, Al-, the shrine of the saint, i. 155

Damascus, cathedral of, i. 364 Its eminence among Moslem cities, ii.

133, n. Epithets applied to it, 133, n. Sayings of the Prophet

respecting, 133, n. Said to be the burial place of Abel, 160, n.

Damascus Caravan, i. 321, n. Brocade of Damascus, 322, n. Rejoicing at

Al-Madinah on the arrival of the Caravan, 334 Description of the

arrival of at Al-Madinah, 416 The Emir al-Hajj, 420 Number of pilgrims

in the, 334 Quarrel between it and that from Baghdad, ii. 128 Stopped

in a perilous pass, 143 Grand spectacle afforded by the, on the plain

of Arafat, 181

Damghah, Marsa, on the Red Sea, i. 213

Dancing of the Badawin, its wildness, ii. 223

Daniyal, al-Nabi (Daniel the Prophet), tomb of, i. 12

Dar al-Bayda, the viceroy’s palace in the Desert, i. 154

Daraj, Al- (the ladder), at the Ka’abah, ii. 311

Darb al-Sharki, or Eastern road, from Al-Madinah to Meccah, ii. 58

Darb Sultani (the Sultan’s road), i. 260; ii. 58

Dates, the delicious, of Tur, i. 204 Those of the hypæthral court of the

Prophet’s Mosque, 337 The date “Al-Sayhani,” 337 The date-groves of Kuba, 381

The fruit of Nijd, 383 The Tamr al-Birni kind used as a diet in

small-pox, 385 Celebrity of the dates of Al-Madinah, 400 Varieties of

the date-tree, 400 Al-Shelebi date, 400 The Ajwah, 401 Al-Hilwah, 401

Al-Birni, 401 The Washi, 401 The Sayhani, 401 The Khuzayriyah, 401 The

Jabali, 401 The Laun, 401 The Hilayah, 402 Fondness of the Madani for

dates, 402 Rutab, or wet dates, 402 Variety of ways of cooking the

fruit, 402 The merry-makings at the fruit gatherings, 403 Causes of the

excellence of the dates of Al-Madinah, 403 The date-trees of Kuba, ii.

338

Da’ud Pasha, his palace at Al-Madinah, i. 394

Daughters of the Prophets, tombs of the, ii. 38

Daurak, or earthern jars, used for cooling the holy water of Zemzem,

ii. 310

David, King, i. 212

Darwayshes, wandering, i. 13 A Darwaysh’s the safest disguise, 14 The two

orders of Darwayshes, 15

Death, easy in the East, ii. 183

[p.432]

Death-wail, of Oriental women, i. 118

Deir, i. 189

Deraiyah, the capital of the Wahhabis, i. 369

Deri dialect, said to be spoken by the Almighty, i. 344, n.

Descendants of the Prophet, one of the five orders of pensioners at

Al-Madinah, i. 375

Desert, the Great, by moonlight, i. 85 Camel riding in, 143, 148

Reflected heat of, 144, n. Habits and manners of the Badawi camel-men,

146 Peculiarities by which inhabitants of the Desert may be recognised,

146, n. Feeling awakened by a voyage through the Desert, 148 The oases,

149 Unaptly compared to a sandy sea, 150, n. The pleasures of the

Desert, 150 Effect of the different seasons in the Desert, 151, n.

Pleasures of smoking in the, 152 A midnight halt in the, 154 The

absinthe (“Wormwood of Pontus”) of the, 155 Rest under the shade of the

mimosa tree, 155 Perfect safety of the Suez road across the, 156 A

Badawi ambuscade, 156 Charms of the Desert, 158 The Desert near Yambu’,

242 Fears of the travellers in crossing, 244 Breakfast in the, 244

Dinner in the, 245 Hot winds in the Deserts of Arabia, 247 Desert

valleys, 252 Fatal results from taking strong drinks in the Desert

during summer heats, 265, n. Discipline of the Desert, ii. 36, n.

Effect of Arab poetry in the, 99 Description of an Arabian Desert, 223

Devil, the Great (Shaytan al-Kabir), ceremony of throwing stones at,

ii. 204 Second visit to the, 219

Dews in Arabia, i. 245

D’Herbelot, reference to, i. 281, n.

Dickson, Dr., his discovery of the chronothermal practice of physic, i.

13

Dictionaries and vocabularies, Egyptian, imperfections of, i. 108, n.

Dinner, description of one at Meccah, ii. 256

Discipline, Oriental, must be based on fear, i. 212

Diseases of Al-Hijaz, i. 384 The Rih al-Asfar, or cholera morbus, 384

The Taun, or plague, 384 The Judari, or small-pox, 384 Inoculation, 385

Diseases divided by Orientals into hot, cold, and temperate, 385

Ophthalmia, 385 Quotidian and tertian fevers (Hummah Salis), 386 Low

fevers (Hummah), 387 Jaundice and bilious complaints, 387 Dysenteries,

388 Popular medical treatment, 389 The Filaria Medinensis (Farantit),

389 Vena in the legs, 389 Hydrophobia, 389 Leprosy (Al-Baras), 389

Ulcers, 390

Divination, Oriental, i. 12

Divinity, study of, in Egypt, i. 105 The Sharh, 105 Books read by

students in, 105, n.

Divorces, frequency of, among the Badawin, ii. 111

Diwan, luxury of the, i. 295

Diwani, value of the Hijazi coin so called, ii. 11, n.

Doctors. See Medicine

Dogs, pugnacity of, of Al-Madinah, i. 301 Superstitions respecting

them, 302

Donkey boys of Egypt, i. 111, n. Donkeys, despised by the Badawin, i.

304

[p.433]

Dragoman, consular. See Consular dragoman

Dress, Oriental; gold ornaments forbidden to be worn by the Moslem law,

i. 34, n., 236, n. Fashions of young Egyptians, 99 Faults of Moslem

ladies’ dressing, 123, n. Dress of the Maghrabis, 156 The face-veil of

Moslem ladies, 229 The Lisam of Constantinople, 229, n. The Lisam of

Arab Shaykhs, 235 Description of an Arab Shaykh fully equipped for

travelling, 235 The Kamis, or cotton shirt, 236 The Aba, or camel’s hair

cloak, 236 The Arab and Indian sandal, 236 Dress of the poorer classes

of Arabs, 237 The belt for carrying arms, 238 Dress of the Benu-Harb,

248 The Kufiyah, 265, n. Costume of the Arab Shaykhs of the Harbis, 266

Dress of Madinite Shaykh, 289 Articles of dress of city Arabs, 289, n.

Dress of a Zair, or visitor to the sepulchre of the Prophet, 309 n.

Dress of the Benu-Hosayn, ii. 4 Costume of the Madani, 14 Dress of the

Badawin, 115 The ceremony of Al-Ihram (or assuming the pilgrim dress)

on approaching Meccah, 139 Costume of the regions lying west of the Red

Sea, 139 The style of dress called Taylasan, 226

Drinking bout with an Albanian, i. 153

Drinking water, Oriental method of, i. 6

Drinks, intoxicating, not known to the Badawin, ii. 118

Dromedaries, sums charged for the hire of, i. 141

Dromedary-travelling compared with camel-travelling, i. 281

Dromedaries of Al-Madinah, ii. 16

Druze mysteries, foundation of, i. 97

Dry storms of Arabia, i. 247

Dua, the, or supplication after the two-bow prayers, i. 312, n.

Dubajet, Aubert, i. 112. n.

Dust storms, ii. 129

Dye used for the beard, ii. 14

Dysentery, frequent occurrence of, in the fruit season in Arabia, i.

388 Popular treatment of, 389

Dwellings of the Arabs in the time of Mohammed, i. 357

EARNEST money (arbun), ii. 52

Ebna, the descendants of the soldiers of Anushirwan, ii. 78, n.

Echinus, the, common in the Red Sea, i. 221, n.

Eddeh, Al-, the dress in the baths at Cairo, ii. 139

Education, Moslem, i. 185, et seq. Remarks on Mr. Bowring’s strictures

on, 109

Egypt, curiosity of the police, i. 2 Alexandria, 8, 10 Egypt’s first step

in civilisation, 17 Inconveniences of the passport system of, 18

Officials of, 19 Her progress during the last half-century, 28 The

Nile, 29 The Barrage bridge, 30 The Wakalahs or inns of, 41 The tobacco

of, 64 Shortness of the lives of the natives of Lower Egypt, 69 The

worst part of the day in, 77 All Agapemones suppressed in, 81 Fashions

of young Egyptians, 99 Subjects taught in Egyptian schools, 103, et

seq. Theology in Egypt, 106 State of learning not purely religious,

107, et seq. Degenerate state of modern Egyptian taste in poetry, 108,

n. Acquirements of the Egyptians in the exact sciences, 108, n. And in

natural [p.434] science, 108 Their capabilities for being good

linguists, 180, n. Their knowledge of the higher branches of language,

108, n. State of periodical literature in Egypt, 109, n. Bigotry of the

Egyptians, 110 Their feelings at the prospect of the present Russian

war, 111 Their views respecting various nations of foreigners, 111

Their longings for European rule, 111 Their hatred of a timid tyranny,

112 An instance of this, 112, n. The proposed ship canal and railway

in, 113 Importance of, to the rulers of India, 113 Secret societies of,

113 Press-gangs in, 117 Employment of Albanian Irregulars in, 133

Semi-religious tradition of the superiority of Osmanlis over Egyptians,

147, n. Story respecting this, 148 Seasons of severe drought, 180

Diseases of the country, 181 Food of the Suezians, 182 Reason of the

superiority in the field of Egyptian soldiers, 184 Insolence of

demeanour and coarseness of language of the officials in Egypt, 194, n.

Ruinous state of Al-Hijaz, the effect of the wars between the Egyptians

and the Wahhabis, 254, n. Bad quality of the coffee of, 290, n. The

scourge of ophthalmia, 385, n. The pot-bellied children of the banks of

the Nile, 406, n. Their monopoly of milk, curds, and butter, at

Al-Madinah, ii. 9

“Elephant, affair of the,” ii. 321, n.

Embracing, Oriental mode of, i. 287

Emir al-Hajj, of the Damascus Caravan, ii. 420 His privileges, 420 Abu

Bakr the first Emir al-Hajj, 420, n.

English, how regarded in Egypt, i. 111 Fable in Arabia, respecting

their desire to become Moslems, ii. 230

Eothen, reference to, i. 388, n.

Epithets, Arab, i. 277, n., 305, 327 The epithets applied to

Al-Madinah, 377 Applied to the Syrians, ii. 133 And to Damascus, 133, n.

Era, Moslem, commencement of, i. 355, n.

Erythræan Sea, i. 196, n.

Escayrac de Lanture, M., his preparations for a pilgrimage to Meccah,

i. 4, n.

Esmah, Sultanah, sister of Sultan Mahmud, i. 371

Etiquette in Al-Hijaz, i. 419, n.

Eunuchs of the Prophet’s tomb, i. 316, n., 321, n., 322, n., 371, n.

Antiquity of eunuchs, 371, n. Originated with Semiramis, 371, n.

Employment of, unknown at the time of the Prophet, 371, n.

Considerations which gave rise to the employment of, 371, n. Method of

addressing them, 371, n. Value of the title of Eunuch of the Tomb, 371,

n. Shaykh of the Eunuchs, 371 The three orders of Eunuchs of the Tomb,

371 The curious and exceptional character of the eunuch, 372 His

personal appearance 372 Value of eunuch slaves at Al-Madinah, ii. 13

Eunuchs of the Mosque at Meccah, ii. 319 Respect paid to a eunuch at

Meccah, 255

Euphorbiæ, in Arabia, ii. 72

Eve’s tomb, near Jeddah, ii. 273 Traditions respecting it, 275

Ezion-Geber, i. 189

FACE-GASHING in Meccah, ii. 234 In other countries, 234, n.

Fadak, town of, founded by the Jews, i. 347

[p.435]

Faddah, value of the Egyptian, ii. 11, n.

Fahd, Shaykh, the robber-chief, i. 257

Fa-hian quoted, ii. 276

Fairies, good and bad, origin of, i. 314

Fakihs, at the Mosque at Al-Madinah, i. 316

Falconry, among the Arabs, ii. 104 Origin of the sport, 104, n. Its

perfection as a science in the 12th century, 104

Farainah (Pharaohs), origin of, according to the Moslem writers, i. 344

Faraj Yusuf, the merchant of Jeddah, i. 47

Farantit. [See] Filaria Medinensis

Farrash (tent-pitchers, &c.), ii. 71

Farrashin, or free servants of the Mosque, i. 372

“Farsh al-Hajar,” of the Mosque of the Prophet, i. 332

Faruk, the Separator, a title of the Caliph Omar, i. 320

Farz, or obligatory prayers, i. 311, n.

Fasts, Moslems’, i. 76

Fath, the Masjid al- (of Victory), ii. 48

Fatihah, i. 194, 200 Repeated at the tomb of the Prophet, 319 Said for

friends or relations, 319, n.

Fatimah, the Lady, her tomb at Al-Madinah, i. 308, n. Gate of, 315

Prayer repeated at her tomb, 327 Epithets applied to her, 327, n. The

doctrine of her perpetual virginity, 327, n. Her garden in the Mosque

of the Prophet, 337 Three places lay claim to be her burial-place, 339

Mosque of, at Kuba, 411 Her tomb, ii. 42 Obscurity of tradition

respecting her last resting-place, 42, n. Her birth-place, 251

Fatimah bin As’ad, mother of Ali, her tomb, ii. 43, n.

Fattumah, i. 174

Fatur (breakfast), i. 79

Fayruz, the murderer of Omar, i. 435

Fayruzabadi, his Kamus, or Lexicon, i. 108, n., ii. 98, n.

Fazikh, the Masjid al- (of Date-liquor), ii. 45

“Fealty of the Steep, the First,” i. 352 “The Second Fealty of the Steep,” 352

“Great Fealty of the Steep,” 353

Festivals, following the Ramazan, i. 115, 116 Scene of jollity at the

cemetery outside the Bab al-Nasr, 116

Feuds between the Desert and the City Arabs, ii. 18

Fevers, quotidian and tertian (Hummah Salis), in Arabia, i. 386

Remedies for, 389

Fiends, summoning of, favourite Egyptian pursuit, i. 109, n.

Fijl, (radishes), i. 404

Fikh (divinity), study of, in schools, i. 104

Filaria Medinensis (Farantit), not now common at Al-Madinah, i. 389

Finati, Giovanni, Hajji Mohammed, his pilgrimage, i. 199, n., 262, ii.

390 Sketch of his adventures, 390, et seq.

Fire-worship introduced into Arabia from India, ii. 160, n. Agni, the

Indian fire-god, 160, n.

Fiumaras, of Arabia, i. 3 The Fiumara “Al-Sayh,” i. 399 That of Mount Ohod,

424

Flight (the), of Mohammed, i. 354, 355, n.

[p.436]

Flowers of Arabia, i. 251 Of India, 251 Of Persia, 251

Food of the Badawin, ii. 116 Their endurance of hunger, 116 Method of

cooking locusts, 117 Their favourite food on journeys, 117

Forskal, i. 218

Forster, Rev. C., strictures on his attack on Gibbon, ii. 76, n.

Fortress of Al-Madinah, i. 393

Forts of the East, a specimen of, i. 157

Fountain, the public (Sabil), of Al-Madinah, i. 391

French, their popularity in Egypt, i. 111 Causes of this, 111

Friday sermon, of the Prophet, i. 335

Fruit trees, of Al-Madinah, i. 400

Fugitives, pillar of, in the Mosque of the Prophet, i. 335

Fukahs, or poor divines, of the Mosque of the Prophet, i. 375

Fukayyir, Bir al-, at Kuba, i. 414, n.

Funerals, Arab, ii. 23 Description of a burial at Al-Bakia, 32 Funeral

ceremonies of the Badawin, ii. 111

GABRIEL the Archangel. [See] Jibrail

Gabriel’s Gate (Bab Jibrail), i. 333

Gabriel’s place (Makan Jibrail), in the Mosque of the Prophet, i. 336

Gabriel the Archangel, his communications to the Prophet, i. 360, 361,

363

Galla slave girls, their value, ii. 13

Gallantry of Orientals, i. 210 Ungallantry of some “Overlands,” 210

Gambling not in existence among the Badawin, ii. 107

Gara tribe of Arabs, i. 145. Low development of the indigens of, ii. 77

Garden of our Lady Fatimah, in the Mosque of the Prophet, i. 337 Date

trees of, 337 Venerable palms of, 337 Gardens not uncommon in Mosques,

337

Garlic and onions, use of, in the East, i. 32, n.

Gates of Al-Madinah, i. 391

Geesh, Lord of, i. 8

Genealogy of the Arabs, intricacy of the subject, ii. 119, n. The best

known Arabic genealogical works, 119, n.

Generalisation unknown to the Arabs, i. 250, n.

Geographical Society (Royal) of London; its zeal for discovery, i. 1.

Geography among the modern Egyptians, i. 108, n., 250

Geology of the neighbourhood of Al-Madinah, i. 279 Of the road between

Al-Madinah and Meccah, ii. 73

Geomancy, favourite Egyptian pursuit of, i. 158, n.

Geometry, study of, in Egypt, i. 158, n.

George Inn, at Suez, i. 159 Society at the, 161, 173

Ghabbah, Al-, or the watershed of Al-Madinah, i. 381

Ghadir, Al-, description of the plan of, ii. 134 The three wells of the

Caliph Harun at, 134

Ghalib, the late Sharif of Meccah, revered as a saint, i. 340, n.

Purchases the treasures of the Prophet’s tomb from Sa’ad the Wahhabi, 369

Ghaliyah, her heroism, ii. 94

Ghazi, or a crusader, i. 329, n.

[p.437]

Ghazi (twenty-two piastres), paid to the free servants of the Mosque,

i.372

Ghi, of India, ii. 12 Considered by Indians almost as a panacea for

diseases and wounds, 12, n.

Ghul (Devil), how expelled from persons suffering from hydrophobia, i.

389

Ghul, the hill near Meccah, ii. 147

Ghurbal, Bir al-, at Kuba, i. 414, n.

Ghuri, Al-, the Sultan, his additions to the Ka’abah, ii. 307

Ghuzat, or crusaders, i. 329, n.

Giants (Jahabirah), who fought against Israel, i. 344

Gibbon, his derivation of the name Saracens, ii. 76, n. The Rev. C.

Forster’s Attack on him, 76, n.

Gibraltar, i. 7

Gilead, Balm of, grows as a weed in Al-Hijaz, ii. 148 Name by which it

is known to the Arabs, 148, n. Its value in the valley of the Jordan,

148, n. Introduced by Cleopatra into Egypt, 148, n. Places where the

best balsam is produced, 149, n. Qualities of the best kind, 149, n.

Description of the tree, 149

Goat, the milk of, ii. 17, n. The flesh of, 17, n.

Gold ornaments, forbidden by the Moslem law to be worn, i. 34, n.; 236

“Golden Wire,” the pilgrim-ship, i. 188 Its wretched state, 188 Ali Murad,

the owner, 189 The passengers, 189 Riot on board, 191 Halt near the

Hammam Bluffs, 197 Runs aground, 200

Goose (Sand-), the, i. 154

Gospel of Infancy, quotation from, ii. 148, n.

Grammar, how taught in Egyptian schools, i. 104 Prosody among the

Arabs, 107

Granites (Suwan), of the plains of Arabia, ii. 74 Of Meccah, 295, n.

Grapes of Al-Madinah, ii. 404 The Sharifi grape, 404 The Hijazi, 404

The Sawadi, or black grape, 404 The Raziki, or small white grape, 404

Gratitude, no Eastern word for, i. 51

Graves, shape of, of the Badawin, i. 274. Injunctions of Mohammed to

his followers to visit, 314, n. At Mount Ohod, 430 Musannam, or raised

graves, 430 Musattah, or level graves, 430 The graves of the saints at

Al-Bakia, ii. 32

Greek Emperor, his presents to the Mosque of Al-Madinah, i. 365

Greeks, hated in Egypt, i. 111 Those settled on the Red Sea, 202 Those

in Al-Madinah, 292

Guebres, fable of, respecting man’s good works, 313, n. Their ancient

fire-temples in Arabia and Persia, 379, n. Their claim to the Ka’abah,

ii. 301 Fire worship introduced from India, 160, n.

Guest-dish, ii. 12

“Gugglets,” for cooling water, i. 399

Gunpowder play (La’ab al-Barut) of the Arabs, ii. 86

Guns sounding the order of the march, ii. 71 The guns of the Badawin,

105

Gypsum, tufaceous, in the Desert, ii. 134

HABASH (Abyssinia), i. 177

[p.438]

Haddah, Al-, the settlement so called, ii. 202

Hadis (the traditions of the Prophet), study of, in schools, i. 104, 305

Hæmorrhoids, frequency of, in Al-Hijaz, i. 389 Treatment of, 389

Hagar, her tomb at Meccah, ii. 305, n.

Hajar al-Akhzar, or green stone, of the Ka’abah, ii. 305, n.

Hajar al-Aswad (Black Stone), the famous, of the Ka’abah, ii. 300 (See

Black Stone)

Hajar Shumaysi (yellow sandstone) of Meccah, ii. 295, n.

Haji Wali, i. 43, 44 His advice to the pilgrim, 44, 45 His lawsuit, 46

His visit to the “Consul-General” at Cairo, 86 Accompanies the author in

paying visits, 116 Introduces the pilgrim to the Persian Consul, 128

His horror at a drinking bout, 137 Takes leave of the pilgrim, 142

Hajin, the Egyptian she-dromedary, i. 418, n.

Hajj (pilgrimage), difference between the, and the Ziyarat, i. 305 The

Hajj (or simple pilgrimage), ii. 281 Hajj al-Akbar (the great

pilgrimage), 281

Hajj bin Akhtah, plots against Mohammed, i. 358

Hajj al-Shami (the Damascus pilgrimage), i. 416

Hajjaj bin Yusuf, general of Abd al-Malik, ordered to rebuild the House

of Allah, ii. 324

Hajjat al-Farz (obligatory pilgrimage), ii. 280 The Hajjat al-Islam

(the pilgrimage of the Mohammedan faith), 280

Hakim, Al-, bi ’Amri’llah, his attempt to steal the bodies of the Prophet

and his two companions, i. 367

Hakim, Al-, the Sultan of Egypt, i. 97

“Halal,” to, a sheep, i. 256

Halimah (the Lady), the Badawi wet-nurse of the Prophet, her tomb, i.

328, n., ii. 36

Halliwell, Mr., his mistake respecting the “Methone” of Sir John

Mandeville, ii. 286

Hamail, or pocket Koran, of pilgrims, i. 239

Hamid al-Samman, Shaykh, description of, i. 162, 200 Lands at Yambu’, 225

Vaunts the strong walls of Yambu’, 242 Leaves Yambu’, 242 Halal of a sheep

in the desert, 256 His fear of the Badawin, 261 His determination to

push through the nest of robbers, 271 Takes his place in the Caravan,

272 Arrives at Al-Madinah, 281 His toilet after the journey, 288 His

hospitality to the pilgrim, 288 Improvement in his manners, 290

Behaviour of his children, 292 His real politeness, 294 Description of

his abode, 295 His household, 296 Accompanies the pilgrim to the

Prophet’s tomb, 304 Introduces the pilgrim to the Prophet’s window, 321

Accompanies him to the Mosque of Kuba, 398 And to Mount Ohod, 419, et

seq. And to the cemetery of Al-Bakia, ii. 31 et seq. Procures a

faithful camel-man for the journey to Meccah, 51 His debt forgiven, 56

Hamidah, the principal family of the Benu-Harb, i. 257 Their attack on

the Caravan, 273

Hammam, or the hot bath, i. 70

Hamra, Al-, i. 249 Derivations of its name, 253 Called also Al-Wasitah,

253 Encamped at, 253 Description of the village of, 254 The fortress

of, 255

[p.439]

Hamra, Al-, the third station from Al-Madinah in the Darb Sultani, i.

260

Hamra, Al-, the torrent, i. 278, n.

Hamzah, friend of Mohammed, prayer in honour of, i. 328 Sent forward by

the Prophet to Al-Madinah, 354 Mosque of, 426 The place where he was

slain, 433

Hanafi school, their views respecting the proper dress for visiting the

Prophet’s tomb, i. 309, n. Their place of prayer at, i. 310 Mufti of, at

Al-Madinah, 373 Their practice of nighting at Muzdalifah, ii. 201

Hanafi sect, its station for prayer at the Ka’abah, ii. 308 Its

importance in Meccah, 309, n.

Hanbali school, i. 373 Its station for prayer at the Ka’abah, ii. 308

Hands, clapping of (Safk), practice of in the East, ii. 223

Hanna Massara, the Consular Dragoman of Cairo, i. 128, n.

Haramayn, or sanctuaries, the two of Al-Islam, i. 230, n.; i. 304

“Harami,” or thieves, in the Desert, i. 261

Harb, the Benu, the present ruling tribe in the Holy Land, ii. 119 Its

divisions and sub-divisions, 119 et n.

Harbis, of Al-Hijaz, i. 266

Harim, (or Sanctuary), the Prophet’s, at Al-Madinah, i. 298, 305, 307 The

Shaykh al-, or principal officer of the Mosque, 371 The Mudir al-, or

chief treasurer of the Tomb of the Prophet, 371 The Huddud al-Harim,

379 All Muharramat or sins forbidden within the, 379, n. Dignity of the

Harim, 380, n. See Ka’abah

Harim, of a Madinite, i. 298

Harim, arrangements of the, ii. 91 Its resemblance to a European home,

91

Hariri, Al-, poem of, i. 108, n.

Harrah, or ridges of rock, i. 251; 251, n. Al-Harratayn, 279, n.

Harrah, or ridge, as represented in our popular works, i. 341 Meaning

of the term, i. 421, n. The second and third Harrahs, 421, n., 424 The

Prophet’s prediction at the Harrah Al-Wakin or Al-Zahrah, 421, n. “The

affair of the Ridge,” 421, n.

Harun, the Kubbat, or Aaron’s tomb, on Mount Ohod, i. 423

Harun al-Rashid. His three wells at Al-Ghadir, ii. 70, 134 His

pilgrimages and crusades, 136

Harun Bir (well of Harun), ii. 70

Hasan, grandson of Mohammed, i. 97, n. Prayers for, 327 His descendants

at Al-Madinah, ii. 3, n. His tomb, 40 Burckhardt’s mistakes respecting

him, 40, n. His death by poison 40, n.

Hasan al-Marabit, Shaykh, tomb of, on the shore of the Red Sea, i. 218

Hasanayn Mosque, at Cairo, i. 97

Hasan the Imam, requests to be buried near the Prophet, i. 325

Hasan, Sultan, Mosque of, at Cairo, i. 98

Hasan, Jabal (Mount Hasan), i. 220

Hashim, great grandfather of the Prophet, i. 351, n.

Hashish, smoking i. 44

Haswah, or gravelled place, i. 307

Hatchadur Nury, Mr., his friendship with the author, i. 122

[p.440]

Hatim, the generous Arab chieftain, i. 166

Hatim, Al- (the broken), of the Ka’abah, ii. 305

Hawamid Arabs. Their fight with the Hawazim, ii. 28

Hawazim Arabs, their furious fight with the Hawamid, ii. 28 Their

Shaykhs, Abbas and Abu Ali, ii. 28

“Haye” in military tactics, i. 267, n.

Haykal! Ya (sons of Haykal), explained, i. 30, n.

Hazirah, or presence, i. 316

Hazramaut, the Arabs of, i. 240, n.

Hazrat Ali, apparition of, ii. 184

Heat, the reflected, at Yambu’, ii. 232 The hot wind of the Desert, 247,

264 Sun-strokes, 265, n. The great heats near the Red Sea prejudicial

to animal generation, 265, n. The hour at which the sun is most

dangerous, i. 275 Terrible heat at Al-Hijaz, ii. 221 Unbearable at

Meccah, 228

Heathenry, remnants of, in Arabia, i. 4

Hebrew, points of resemblance between, and Pahlavi, ii, 79, n.

Heliopolis, Balm of Gilead of, ii. 148, n.

Hemp-drinkers, Egyptian, ii. 189, 191

Henna powder, i. 400, n.

Herklots, Dr., reference to his work “Qanoon-i-Islam,” i. 388, n. Quoted,

ii. 304, n.

Hermaic books, the, i. 385, n.

“Herse,” in military tactics, i. 267 n.

Hijaz, Al-, dangers and difficulties of, i. 2 Antiquity and nobility of

the Muzaynah tribe in, 145, 146 Land route to, from Suez, 158

Persecution of Persians in, 232, n. The Badawi blackmail in, 233, n.

Description of the shugduf or litter of, 233, n. Abounds in ruins, 254

Sa’ad the robber chief of, 256 Shaykh Fahd, the robber chief, 257

Wretched state of the government in, 257, 258 The charter of Gulhanah,

258 The Darb Sultani, 260 Heat in Al-Hijaz, 265 Douceurs given by the

Turks to the Arab shaykhs of, 266 “Al-Shark,” 266, n. Fight between the

Arabs and soldiers in, 269 Peopled by the soldiers of the children of

Israel, 347 Limits of, 379 Meaning of the name, 380 Rainy season in,

383 Diseases of, 384 Number of the Turkish forces in, 393, n. Account

of the Badawin of, ii. 76, et seq. (See Badawin) Money of, 111, n.

Observations on the watershed of, 154 Purity of the water throughout,

194 Healthiness of the people of, 229

Hijazi, the grape so called, i. 404

Hijriyah, Al-, halt at, ii. 71

Hilayah, the date so called, i. 401

Hilwah, Al-, the date so called, i. 402

Himyaritic tribes, their mixture with the Amalikah, ii. 79

Hinda, mother of Mu’awiyah, her ferocity, i. 433, n. Her name of “Akkalat

al-Akbad,” 433, n.

Hindi, Jabal, at Meccah, ii. 153

“Hindu-Kush,” the, i. 243, n.

Hindus, their square temples similar in form to the Mosque, ii. 300, n.

Their litholatry, 301, n. The Ka’abah claimed as a sacred place by them,

301, n.

[p.441]

History (Tawarikh), study of, little valued in Egypt, i. 107, n.

Hitman tribe of Arabs, the lowness of their origin, ii. 121 Unchastity

of their women, 121

Hogg, Sir James, i. 1

Holofernes, general of Nebuchadnezzar I., i. 347, n.

Honey, the Arabs curious in, and fond of, ii. 130, n. The different

kinds of honey, 130, n.

Honorarium (ikram), given to the Madani who travel, ii. 7

“Horde,” probable origin of the word, i. 394, n.

Horses, Arabian, i. 3 The celebrated, of Nijd, i. 266, n., ii. 195

Horses of the Arnaut Irregulars, i. 267 Pugnacity of the, of

Al-Madinah, 301 The, of Al-Madinah, ii. 16 Price of horses in time of

Solomon, 195, n. Egyptian horses, 195, n. Qualities of a pure Arab

horse, 195, n. The former horse trade of Yaman, 195, n. The breed

supplied to India, 196, n.

Hosayn, Al-, grandson of Mohammed, i. 98, n. His death at Kerbela, ii.

40, n. His head preserved in the Mosque Al-Hasanayn at Cairo, ii. 40, n.

Hosayn, Benu, become guardians of the Prophet’s tomb, i. 368, ii. 3, n.

Head-quarters of the, at Suwayrkiyah, 3 Their former numbers and power,

3 Their heretical tenets, 3 Their personal appearance, 4 Their town of

Al-Suwayrkiyah, 124

Hosayn bin Numayr, his siege of Meccah, ii. 323

Hosh, Al-, or the central area of a dwelling-house, i. 307, 397

Hosh ibn Sa’ad, at Madinah, the residence of the Benu Hosayn, ii. 4

Hospitality in the East, i. 36

House hire in Egypt, i. 42, 65 Houses of the Arabs at the time of

Mohammed, 356 Those of Al-Madinah, 393 Those at Meccah, description of,

ii. 171

Hudud al-Hatim, or limits of the sanctuary, i. 379

Hufrah (holes dug for water in the sand) ii. 62

Hufrah, Al- (the digging), of the Ka’abah, ii. 304, n.

Hujjaj, or pilgrims, i. 329

Hujrah, or Chamber of Ayishah, description of, i. 314 Errors of

Burckhardt and M. Caussin, respecting the word, 314, n. Its walls

rebuilt, 324, n. Referred to, 325-329 Surrounded by a mud wall by the

Caliph Omar, 363 Enclosed within the Mosque by Al-Walid, 366 Spared

from destruction by lightning, 368

Hukama, or Rationalists, of Al-Islam, ii. 201

Hummum Bluffs (Hammam Faraun), i. 197

Hummi tobacco, i. 66, n.

Hurayrah, Abu, his account of the Benu Israel in Arabia, i. 346

Hydrophobia, rarity of, in Al-Hijaz, i. 388 Popular superstition

respecting, 388 Treatment of, 388

Hyksos, the, identified with the Amalik of the Moslems, i. 343, n.

“Hypocrites,” conspiracy of the, i. 358

IAMBIA, of Ptolemy, i. 225

Ibn Asm, or Ibn Rumi, slain, i. 94 His sister, 94

Ibn Batutah, reference to, i. 12 n., 265, n.

Ibn Dhaher Berkouk, King of Egypt, rebuilds the Mosque at Meccah, ii.

296

[p.442]

Ibn Haukal, reference to, i. 4, n., 17, n.

Ibn Hufazah al-Sahmi, his tomb, ii. 43, n.

Ibn Jubayr, reference to, i. 279, n.

Ibn Kasim, his commentary, i. 106

Ibn Zubayr, chief of Meccah, rebuilds the Ka’abah, ii. 299

Ibrahim, catafalque of, in the great Mosque of Meccah, i. 324, n.

Ibrahim, the Makam, at the Ka’abah, ii. 307, n., 311, 325

Ibrahim, infant son of the Prophet, his burial-place, ii. 32, 37

Ibrahim Pasha, his ships on the Red Sea, i. 170

Ibrahim bin Adham, his vision, ii. 184, n.

Ichthyophagi, the modern, of the Red Sea, i. 218, n., 221

Idrisi, Al-, i. 195

Ignatius, Epistles of, to the Smyrneans, references to, i. 326, n.

Ihlal, the pilgrim dress so called, ii. 205

Ihn, Bir, at Kuba, i. 414, n.

Ihram, Al- (assuming the pilgrim garb), the ceremony so called, ii. 138

Change from Ihram to Ihlal, 205 Ceremonies of, 284 The Victims of

Al-Ihram, 286

Ijabah, the Masjid al- (the Mosque of Granting), ii. 47, 153, n.

Ikamah, or call to divine service, ii. 311, n.

Ikhlas, Al-, the chapter of the Koran, i. 429

Ihram (honorarium) given to the Madani who travel, i. 263, ii. 7 The

four kinds of, 7

Ilal, Jabal (Mount of Wrestling in Prayer). See Arafat, Mount

Ilfrad, Al- (singulation), the pilgrimage so called, ii. 280

Imans, of the Prophet’s Mosque, i. 313, n., 374, 375 Place where they

pray, i. 335, 338

Imlik, great-great-grandson of Noah, the ancestor of the Amalikah, ii.

321

Immigrations of the Arabian people, i. 344

India, style of doing business in, i. 27 Observations on caste in, 36,

n. Real character of the natives of, 37-40 Popular feeling in,

respecting British rule, and causes of this, 37, n. No European should

serve an Eastern lord, 39 The natives a cowardly and slavish people, 40

Their cowardice compared with the bravery of the North American

Indians, 40 Testimony of Sir Henry Elliot to this, 40, n. An instance

of Indian improvidence, 157, n. Luxuriance of the plains of, 251 Indian

pilgrims protected by their poverty, 265 The Duke of Wellington’s dictum

about the means of preserving health in, 265, n. Wells of the Indians

in Arabia, 274 n. Their sinful method of visiting the Prophet’s tomb, 305

Generosity of Indian pilgrims, 331, n. Their drawings of the holy

shrines as published at Meccah, 342 Dress and customs of the Indian

women settled at Al-Madinah, ii. 6 Recklessness of poor Indian

pilgrims, ii. 184 Remedies, proposed, 185 Qualities of the horses of,

obtained from the Persian Gulf, 195, n. Profuseness of Indian pilgrims,

210

Indian Ocean (Sea of Oman), the shores of, when first peopled,

according to Moslem accounts, i. 344, n.

Inns. See Wakalah

Inoculation practised in Al-Madinah, i. 384

[p.443]

“Inshallah bukra” (please God, to-morrow), ii. 21

Intermarriages, theory of the degeneracy which follows, ii. 84 Dr. Howe’s

remarks on, 84, n.

Intonation and chaunting of the Koran taught in Moslem schools, i. 106,

n.

Irak, Al-, expedition of Tobba al-Asghar against, i. 349

Iram, flood of, i. 348

Ireland, probable origin of its name, ii. 239, n.

Irk al-Zabyat, mountain, ii. 274, n.

Isa bin Maryam, reference to, ii. 274, n. Spare tomb at Al-Madinah for

him after his second coming, 325

Isha, or Moslem night prayer, i. 233

Ishmael (Ismail), his tomb at Meccah, ii. 305 The two-bow prayer over

the grave of, 176

Ishmaelites, of the Sinaitic peninsula, ii. 78 Their distinguishing

marks, 78

Ismail Pasha murdered by Malik Nimr, chief of Shendy, i. 138, n.

Ismid, a pigment for the eyes, i. 381, n.

Israel Benu, rule of, in Arabia, i. 345 See Jews

Israelites, course of the, across the Red Sea, i. 199

Israfil, the trumpet of, on the last day, i. 340, n.

Istikharah, or divination, ii. 23

Italians, how regarded in Egypt, i. 111

Izar, the portion of a pilgrim’s dress so called, ii. 139