Peru

western coastal plain (costa), high and rugged Andes in center

(sierra), eastern lowland jungle of Amazon Basin (selva)

Philippines

mostly mountains with narrow to extensive coastal

lowlands

Pitcairn Islands

rugged volcanic formation; rocky coastline with

cliffs

Poland

mostly flat plain; mountains along southern border

Portugal

mountainous north of the Tagus River, rolling plains in

south

Puerto Rico

mostly mountains with coastal plain belt in north;

mountains precipitous to sea on west coast; sandy beaches along most

coastal areas

Qatar

mostly flat and barren desert covered with loose sand and

gravel

Reunion

mostly rugged and mountainous; fertile lowlands along coast

Romania

central Transylvanian Basin is separated from the Plain of

Moldavia on the east by the Carpathian Mountains and separated from

the Walachian Plain on the south by the Transylvanian Alps

Russia

broad plain with low hills west of Urals; vast coniferous

forest and tundra in Siberia; uplands and mountains along southern

border regions

Rwanda

mostly grassy uplands and hills; relief is mountainous with

altitude declining from west to east

Saint Helena

Saint Helena - rugged, volcanic; small scattered

plateaus and plains

note: the other islands of the group have a volcanic origin

Saint Kitts and Nevis

volcanic with mountainous interiors

Saint Lucia

volcanic and mountainous with some broad, fertile valleys

Saint Pierre and Miquelon

mostly barren rock

Saint Vincent and the Grenadines

volcanic, mountainous

Samoa

two main islands (Savaii, Upolu) and several smaller islands

and uninhabited islets; narrow coastal plain with volcanic, rocky,

rugged mountains in interior

San Marino

rugged mountains

Sao Tome and Principe

volcanic, mountainous

Saudi Arabia

mostly uninhabited, sandy desert

Senegal

generally low, rolling, plains rising to foothills in

southeast

Serbia and Montenegro

extremely varied; to the north, rich fertile

plains; to the east, limestone ranges and basins; to the southeast,

ancient mountains and hills; to the southwest, extremely high

shoreline with no islands off the coast

Seychelles

Mahe Group is granitic, narrow coastal strip, rocky,

hilly; others are coral, flat, elevated reefs

Sierra Leone

coastal belt of mangrove swamps, wooded hill country,

upland plateau, mountains in east

Singapore

lowland; gently undulating central plateau contains water

catchment area and nature preserve

Slovakia

rugged mountains in the central and northern part and

lowlands in the south

Slovenia

a short coastal strip on the Adriatic, an alpine mountain

region adjacent to Italy and Austria, mixed mountains and valleys

with numerous rivers to the east

Solomon Islands

mostly rugged mountains with some low coral atolls

Somalia

mostly flat to undulating plateau rising to hills in north

South Africa

vast interior plateau rimmed by rugged hills and narrow

coastal plain

South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands

most of the islands,

rising steeply from the sea, are rugged and mountainous; South

Georgia is largely barren and has steep, glacier-covered mountains;

the South Sandwich Islands are of volcanic origin with some active

volcanoes

Southern Ocean

the Southern Ocean is deep, 4,000 to 5,000 meters

over most of its extent with only limited areas of shallow water;

the Antarctic continental shelf is generally narrow and unusually

deep, its edge lying at depths of 400 to 800 meters (the global mean

is 133 meters); the Antarctic icepack grows from an average minimum

of 2.6 million square kilometers in March to about 18.8 million

square kilometers in September, better than a sixfold increase in

area; the Antarctic Circumpolar Current (21,000 km in length) moves

perpetually eastward; it is the world's largest ocean current,

transporting 130 million cubic meters of water per second - 100

times the flow of all the world's rivers

Spain

large, flat to dissected plateau surrounded by rugged hills;

Pyrenees in north

Spratly Islands

flat

Sri Lanka

mostly low, flat to rolling plain; mountains in

south-central interior

Sudan

generally flat, featureless plain; mountains in far south,

northeast and west; desert dominates the north

Suriname

mostly rolling hills; narrow coastal plain with swamps

Svalbard

wild, rugged mountains; much of high land ice covered; west

coast clear of ice about one-half of the year; fjords along west and

north coasts

Swaziland

mostly mountains and hills; some moderately sloping plains

Sweden

mostly flat or gently rolling lowlands; mountains in west

Switzerland

mostly mountains (Alps in south, Jura in northwest) with

a central plateau of rolling hills, plains, and large lakes

Syria

primarily semiarid and desert plateau; narrow coastal plain;

mountains in west

Taiwan

eastern two-thirds mostly rugged mountains; flat to gently

rolling plains in west

Tajikistan

Pamir and Alay Mountains dominate landscape; western

Fergana Valley in north, Kofarnihon and Vakhsh Valleys in southwest

Tanzania

plains along coast; central plateau; highlands in north,

south

Thailand

central plain; Khorat Plateau in the east; mountains

elsewhere

Togo

gently rolling savanna in north; central hills; southern

plateau; low coastal plain with extensive lagoons and marshes

Tokelau

low-lying coral atolls enclosing large lagoons

Tonga

most islands have limestone base formed from uplifted coral

formation; others have limestone overlying volcanic base

Trinidad and Tobago

mostly plains with some hills and low mountains

Tromelin Island

low, flat, and sandy; likely volcanic

Tunisia

mountains in north; hot, dry central plain; semiarid south

merges into the Sahara

Turkey

high central plateau (Anatolia); narrow coastal plain;

several mountain ranges

Turkmenistan

flat-to-rolling sandy desert with dunes rising to

mountains in the south; low mountains along border with Iran;

borders Caspian Sea in west

Turks and Caicos Islands

low, flat limestone; extensive marshes and

mangrove swamps

Tuvalu

very low-lying and narrow coral atolls

Uganda

mostly plateau with rim of mountains

Ukraine

most of Ukraine consists of fertile plains (steppes) and

plateaus, mountains being found only in the west (the Carpathians),

and in the Crimean Peninsula in the extreme south

United Arab Emirates

flat, barren coastal plain merging into rolling

sand dunes of vast desert wasteland; mountains in east

United Kingdom

mostly rugged hills and low mountains; level to

rolling plains in east and southeast

United States

vast central plain, mountains in west, hills and low

mountains in east; rugged mountains and broad river valleys in

Alaska; rugged, volcanic topography in Hawaii

Uruguay

mostly rolling plains and low hills; fertile coastal lowland

Uzbekistan

mostly flat-to-rolling sandy desert with dunes; broad,

flat intensely irrigated river valleys along course of Amu Darya,

Syr Darya (Sirdaryo), and Zarafshon; Fergana Valley in east

surrounded by mountainous Tajikistan and Kyrgyzstan; shrinking Aral

Sea in west

Vanuatu

mostly mountainous islands of volcanic origin; narrow

coastal plains

Venezuela

Andes Mountains and Maracaibo Lowlands in northwest;

central plains (llanos); Guiana Highlands in southeast

Vietnam

low, flat delta in south and north; central highlands;

hilly, mountainous in far north and northwest

Virgin Islands

mostly hilly to rugged and mountainous with little

level land

Wake Island

atoll of three coral islands built up on an underwater

volcano; central lagoon is former crater, islands are part of the rim

Wallis and Futuna

volcanic origin; low hills

West Bank

mostly rugged dissected upland, some vegetation in west,

but barren in east

Western Sahara

mostly low, flat desert with large areas of rocky or

sandy surfaces rising to small mountains in south and northeast

World

the greatest ocean depth is the Mariana Trench at 10,924 m in

the Pacific Ocean

Yemen

narrow coastal plain backed by flat-topped hills and rugged

mountains; dissected upland desert plains in center slope into the

desert interior of the Arabian Peninsula

Zambia

mostly high plateau with some hills and mountains

Zimbabwe

mostly high plateau with higher central plateau (high

veld); mountains in east

This page was last updated on 20 October, 2005

======================================================================

@2127 Total fertility rate (children born/woman)

Afghanistan

6.75 children born/woman (2005 est.)

Albania

2.04 children born/woman (2005 est.)

Algeria

1.92 children born/woman (2005 est.)

American Samoa

3.25 children born/woman (2005 est.)

Andorra

1.29 children born/woman (2005 est.)

Angola

6.27 children born/woman (2005 est.)

Anguilla

1.73 children born/woman (2005 est.)

Antigua and Barbuda

2.26 children born/woman (2005 est.)

Argentina

2.19 children born/woman (2005 est.)

Armenia

1.32 children born/woman (2005 est.)

Aruba

1.79 children born/woman (2005 est.)

Australia

1.76 children born/woman (2005 est.)

Austria

1.36 children born/woman (2005 est.)

Azerbaijan

2.44 children born/woman (2005 est.)

Bahamas, The

2.2 children born/woman (2005 est.)

Bahrain

2.63 children born/woman (2005 est.)

Bangladesh

3.13 children born/woman (2005 est.)

Barbados

1.65 children born/woman (2005 est.)

Belarus

1.39 children born/woman (2005 est.)

Belgium

1.64 children born/woman (2005 est.)

Belize

3.68 children born/woman (2005 est.)

Benin

5.86 children born/woman (2005 est.)

Bermuda

1.89 children born/woman (2005 est.)

Bhutan

4.81 children born/woman (2005 est.)

Bolivia

2.94 children born/woman (2005 est.)

Bosnia and Herzegovina

1.71 children born/woman (2005 est.)

Botswana

2.85 children born/woman (2005 est.)

Brazil

1.93 children born/woman (2005 est.)

British Virgin Islands

1.72 children born/woman (2005 est.)

Brunei

2.3 children born/woman (2005 est.)

Bulgaria

1.38 children born/woman (2005 est.)

Burkina Faso

6.23 children born/woman (2005 est.)

Burma

2.01 children born/woman (2005 est.)

Burundi

5.81 children born/woman (2005 est.)

Cambodia

3.44 children born/woman (2005 est.)

Cameroon

4.47 children born/woman (2005 est.)

Canada

1.61 children born/woman (2005 est.)

Cape Verde

3.48 children born/woman (2005 est.)

Cayman Islands

1.9 children born/woman (2005 est.)

Central African Republic

4.5 children born/woman (2005 est.)

Chad

6.32 children born/woman (2005 est.)

Chile

2.02 children born/woman (2005 est.)

China

1.72 children born/woman (2005 est.)

Christmas Island

NA

Cocos (Keeling) Islands

NA

Colombia

2.56 children born/woman (2005 est.)

Comoros

5.09 children born/woman (2005 est.)

Congo, Democratic Republic of the

6.54 children born/woman (2005

est.)

Congo, Republic of the

3.54 children born/woman (2005 est.)

Cook Islands

NA children born/woman (2005 est.)

Costa Rica

2.28 children born/woman (2005 est.)

Cote d'Ivoire

4.58 children born/woman (2005 est.)

Croatia

1.39 children born/woman (2005 est.)

Cuba

1.66 children born/woman (2005 est.)

Cyprus

1.83 children born/woman (2005 est.)

Czech Republic

1.2 children born/woman (2005 est.)

Denmark

1.74 children born/woman (2005 est.)

Djibouti

5.4 children born/woman (2005 est.)

Dominica

1.96 children born/woman (2005 est.)

Dominican Republic

2.86 children born/woman (2005 est.)

East Timor

3.61 children born/woman (2005 est.)

Ecuador

2.72 children born/woman (2005 est.)

Egypt

2.88 children born/woman (2005 est.)

El Salvador

3.16 children born/woman (2005 est.)

Equatorial Guinea

4.62 children born/woman (2005 est.)

Eritrea

5.61 children born/woman (2005 est.)

Estonia

1.39 children born/woman (2005 est.)

Ethiopia

5.33 children born/woman (2005 est.)

European Union

1.47 children born/woman (July 2005 est.)

Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas)

NA children born/woman (2005 est.)

Faroe Islands

2.2 children born/woman (2005 est.)

Fiji

2.75 children born/woman (2005 est.)

Finland

1.73 children born/woman (2005 est.)

France

1.85 children born/woman (2005 est.)

French Guiana

3.01 children born/woman (2005 est.)

French Polynesia

2.04 children born/woman (2005 est.)

Gabon

4.77 children born/woman (2005 est.)

Gambia, The

5.38 children born/woman (2005 est.)

Gaza Strip

5.91 children born/woman (2005 est.)

Georgia

1.41 children born/woman (2005 est.)

Germany

1.39 children born/woman (2005 est.)

Ghana

3.02 children born/woman (2005 est.)

Gibraltar

1.65 children born/woman (2005 est.)

Greece

1.33 children born/woman (2005 est.)

Greenland

2.41 children born/woman (2005 est.)

Grenada

2.37 children born/woman (2005 est.)

Guadeloupe

1.91 children born/woman (2005 est.)

Guam

2.6 children born/woman (2005 est.)

Guatemala

4.53 children born/woman (2005 est.)

Guernsey

1.38 children born/woman (2005 est.)

Guinea

5.83 children born/woman (2005 est.)

Guinea-Bissau

4.93 children born/woman (2005 est.)

Guyana

2.05 children born/woman (2005 est.)

Haiti

5.02 children born/woman (2005 est.)

Honduras

3.87 children born/woman (2005 est.)

Hong Kong

0.91 children born/woman (2005 est.)

Hungary

1.32 children born/woman (2005 est.)

Iceland

1.92 children born/woman (2005 est.)

India

2.78 children born/woman (2005 est.)

Indonesia

2.44 children born/woman (2005 est.)

Iran

1.82 children born/woman (2005 est.)

Iraq

4.28 children born/woman (2005 est.)

Ireland

1.87 children born/woman (2005 est.)

Israel

2.44 children born/woman (2005 est.)

Italy

1.28 children born/woman (2005 est.)

Jamaica

1.95 children born/woman (2005 est.)

Japan

1.39 children born/woman (2005 est.)

Jersey

1.57 children born/woman (2005 est.)

Jordan

2.71 children born/woman (2005 est.)

Kazakhstan

1.89 children born/woman (2005 est.)

Kenya

4.96 children born/woman (2005 est.)

Kiribati

4.2 children born/woman (2005 est.)

Korea, North

2.15 children born/woman (2005 est.)

Korea, South

1.26 children born/woman (2005 est.)

Kuwait

2.97 children born/woman (2005 est.)

Kyrgyzstan

2.7 children born/woman (2005 est.)

Laos

4.77 children born/woman (2005 est.)

Latvia

1.26 children born/woman (2005 est.)

Lebanon

1.92 children born/woman (2005 est.)

Lesotho

3.35 children born/woman (2005 est.)

Liberia

6.09 children born/woman (2005 est.)

Libya

3.34 children born/woman (2005 est.)

Liechtenstein

1.51 children born/woman (2005 est.)

Lithuania

1.19 children born/woman (2005 est.)

Luxembourg

1.79 children born/woman (2005 est.)

Macau

0.93 children born/woman (2005 est.)

Macedonia

1.57 children born/woman (2005 est.)

Madagascar

5.66 children born/woman (2005 est.)

Malawi

5.98 children born/woman (2005 est.)

Malaysia

3.07 children born/woman (2005 est.)

Maldives

5.02 children born/woman (2005 est.)

Mali

6.5 children born/woman (2005 est.)

Malta

1.5 children born/woman (2005 est.)

Man, Isle of

1.65 children born/woman (2005 est.)

Marshall Islands

3.93 children born/woman (2005 est.)

Martinique

1.79 children born/woman (2005 est.)

Mauritania

5.94 children born/woman (2005 est.)

Mauritius

1.96 children born/woman (2005 est.)

Mayotte

5.89 children born/woman (2005 est.)

Mexico

2.45 children born/woman (2005 est.)

Micronesia, Federated States of

3.25 children born/woman (2005 est.)

Moldova

1.81 children born/woman (2005 est.)

Monaco

1.76 children born/woman (2005 est.)

Mongolia

2.26 children born/woman (2005 est.)

Montserrat

1.78 children born/woman (2005 est.)

Morocco

2.73 children born/woman (2005 est.)

Mozambique

4.7 children born/woman (2005 est.)

Namibia

3.18 children born/woman (2005 est.)

Nauru

3.19 children born/woman (2005 est.)

Nepal

4.19 children born/woman (2005 est.)

Netherlands

1.66 children born/woman (2005 est.)

Netherlands Antilles

2 children born/woman (2005 est.)

New Caledonia

2.31 children born/woman (2005 est.)

New Zealand

1.79 children born/woman (2005 est.)

Nicaragua

2.81 children born/woman (2005 est.)

Niger

6.75 children born/woman (2005 est.)

Nigeria

5.53 children born/woman (2005 est.)

Niue

NA

Norfolk Island

NA

Northern Mariana Islands

1.27 children born/woman (2005 est.)

Norway

1.78 children born/woman (2005 est.)

Oman

5.84 children born/woman (2005 est.)

Pakistan

4.14 children born/woman (2005 est.)

Palau

2.46 children born/woman (2005 est.)

Panama

2.45 children born/woman (2005 est.)

Papua New Guinea

3.96 children born/woman (2005 est.)

Paraguay

3.93 children born/woman (2005 est.)

Peru

2.56 children born/woman (2005 est.)

Philippines

3.16 children born/woman (2005 est.)

Pitcairn Islands

NA

Poland

1.39 children born/woman (2005 est.)

Portugal

1.47 children born/woman (2005 est.)

Puerto Rico

1.91 children born/woman (2005 est.)

Qatar

2.87 children born/woman (2005 est.)

Reunion

2.47 children born/woman (2005 est.)

Romania

1.36 children born/woman (2005 est.)

Russia

1.27 children born/woman (2005 est.)

Rwanda

5.49 children born/woman (2005 est.)

Saint Helena

1.54 children born/woman (2005 est.)

Saint Kitts and Nevis

2.33 children born/woman (2005 est.)

Saint Lucia

2.21 children born/woman (2005 est.)

Saint Pierre and Miquelon

2.03 children born/woman (2005 est.)

Saint Vincent and the Grenadines

1.85 children born/woman (2005 est.)

Samoa

3.01 children born/woman (2005 est.)

San Marino

1.33 children born/woman (2005 est.)

Sao Tome and Principe

5.71 children born/woman (2005 est.)

Saudi Arabia

4.05 children born/woman (2005 est.)

Senegal

4.75 children born/woman (2005 est.)

Serbia and Montenegro

1.67 children born/woman (2005 est.)

Seychelles

1.75 children born/woman (2005 est.)

Sierra Leone

5.72 children born/woman (2005 est.)

Singapore

1.05 children born/woman (2005 est.)

Slovakia

1.32 children born/woman (2005 est.)

Slovenia

1.24 children born/woman (2005 est.)

Solomon Islands

4.04 children born/woman (2005 est.)

Somalia

6.84 children born/woman (2005 est.)

South Africa

2.24 children born/woman (2005 est.)

Spain

1.28 children born/woman (2005 est.)

Sri Lanka

1.85 children born/woman (2005 est.)

Sudan

4.85 children born/woman (2005 est.)

Suriname

2.34 children born/woman (2005 est.)

Svalbard

NA children born/woman

Swaziland

3.7 children born/woman (2005 est.)

Sweden

1.66 children born/woman (2005 est.)

Switzerland

1.42 children born/woman (2005 est.)

Syria

3.5 children born/woman (2005 est.)

Taiwan

1.57 children born/woman (2005 est.)

Tajikistan

4.05 children born/woman (2005 est.)

Tanzania

5.06 children born/woman (2005 est.)

Thailand

1.88 children born/woman (2005 est.)

Togo

4.61 children born/woman (2005 est.)

Tokelau

NA

Tonga

3 children born/woman (2005 est.)

Trinidad and Tobago

1.75 children born/woman (2005 est.)

Tunisia

1.75 children born/woman (2005 est.)

Turkey

1.94 children born/woman (2005 est.)

Turkmenistan

3.41 children born/woman (2005 est.)

Turks and Caicos Islands

3.08 children born/woman (2005 est.)

Tuvalu

3 children born/woman (2005 est.)

Uganda

6.74 children born/woman (2005 est.)

Ukraine

1.4 children born/woman (2005 est.)

United Arab Emirates

2.94 children born/woman (2005 est.)

United Kingdom

1.66 children born/woman (2005 est.)

United States

2.08 children born/woman (2005 est.)

Uruguay

1.91 children born/woman (2005 est.)

Uzbekistan

2.94 children born/woman (2005 est.)

Vanuatu

2.77 children born/woman (2005 est.)

Venezuela

2.26 children born/woman (2005 est.)

Vietnam

1.94 children born/woman (2005 est.)

Virgin Islands

2.19 children born/woman (2005 est.)

Wallis and Futuna

NA children born/woman

West Bank

4.4 children born/woman (2005 est.)

Western Sahara

NA children born/woman

World

2.6 children born/woman (2005 est.)

Yemen

6.67 children born/woman (2005 est.)

Zambia

5.47 children born/woman (2005 est.)

Zimbabwe

3.54 children born/woman (2005 est.)

This page was last updated on 20 October, 2005

======================================================================

@2128 Government type

Afghanistan

Islamic republic

Albania

emerging democracy

Algeria

republic

American Samoa

NA

Andorra

parliamentary democracy (since March 1993) that retains as

its chiefs of state a coprincipality; the two princes are the

president of France and bishop of Seo de Urgel, Spain, who are

represented locally by coprinces' representatives

Angola

republic, nominally a multiparty democracy with a strong

presidential system

Anguilla

NA

Antarctica

Antarctic Treaty Summary - the Antarctic Treaty, signed

on 1 December 1959 and entered into force on 23 June 1961,

establishes the legal framework for the management of Antarctica;

the 27th Antarctic Treaty Consultative Meeting was held in Cape

Town, South Africa in May-June 2004; at these periodic meetings,

decisions are made by consensus (not by vote) of all consultative

member nations; at the end of 2003, there were 45 treaty member

nations: 28 consultative and 17 non-consultative; consultative

(decision-making) members include the seven nations that claim

portions of Antarctica as national territory (some claims overlap)

and 21 non-claimant nations; the US and Russia have reserved the

right to make claims; the US does not recognize the claims of

others; Antarctica is administered through meetings of the

consultative member nations; decisions from these meetings are

carried out by these member nations (with respect to their own

nationals and operations) in accordance with their own national

laws; the year in parentheses indicates when an acceding nation was

accepted as a consultative member, while no date indicates the

country was an original 1959 treaty signatory; claimant nations are

- Argentina, Australia, Chile, France, New Zealand, Norway, and the

UK. Nonclaimant consultative nations are - Belgium, Brazil (1983),

Bulgaria (1998) China (1985), Ecuador (1990), Finland (1989),

Germany (1981), India (1983), Italy (1987), Japan, South Korea

(1989), Netherlands (1990), Peru (1989), Poland (1977), Russia,

South Africa, Spain (1988), Sweden (1988), Ukraine (1992), Uruguay

(1985), and the US; non-consultative members, with year of accession

in parentheses, are - Austria (1987), Canada (1988), Colombia

(1989), Cuba (1984), Czech Republic (1993), Denmark (1965), Estonia

(2001), Greece (1987), Guatemala (1991), Hungary (1984), North Korea

(1987), Papua New Guinea (1981), Romania (1971), Slovakia (1993),

Switzerland (1990), Turkey (1995), and Venezuela (1999); Article 1 -

area to be used for peaceful purposes only; military activity, such

as weapons testing, is prohibited, but military personnel and

equipment may be used for scientific research or any other peaceful

purpose; Article 2 - freedom of scientific investigation and

cooperation shall continue; Article 3 - free exchange of information

and personnel, cooperation with the UN and other international

agencies; Article 4 - does not recognize, dispute, or establish

territorial claims and no new claims shall be asserted while the

treaty is in force; Article 5 - prohibits nuclear explosions or

disposal of radioactive wastes; Article 6 - includes under the

treaty all land and ice shelves south of 60 degrees 00 minutes south

and reserves high seas rights; Article 7 - treaty-state observers

have free access, including aerial observation, to any area and may

inspect all stations, installations, and equipment; advance notice

of all expeditions and of the introduction of military personnel

must be given; Article 8 - allows for jurisdiction over observers

and scientists by their own states; Article 9 - frequent

consultative meetings take place among member nations; Article 10 -

treaty states will discourage activities by any country in

Antarctica that are contrary to the treaty; Article 11 - disputes to

be settled peacefully by the parties concerned or, ultimately, by

the ICJ; Articles 12, 13, 14 - deal with upholding, interpreting,

and amending the treaty among involved nations; other agreements -

some 200 recommendations adopted at treaty consultative meetings and

ratified by governments include - Agreed Measures for Fauna and

Flora (1964) which were later incorporated into the Environmental

Protocol; Convention for the Conservation of Antarctic Seals (1972);

Convention on the Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources

(1980); a mineral resources agreement was signed in 1988 but remains

unratified; the Protocol on Environmental Protection to the

Antarctic Treaty was signed 4 October 1991 and entered into force 14

January 1998; this agreement provides for the protection of the

Antarctic environment through five specific annexes: 1)

environmental impact assessment, 2) conservation of Antarctic fauna

and flora, 3) waste disposal and waste management, 4) prevention of

marine pollution, and 5) area protection and management; it

prohibits all activities relating to mineral resources except

scientific research; a permanent Antarctic Treaty Secretariat was

established in 2004 in Buenos Aires, Argentina

Antigua and Barbuda

constitutional monarchy with UK-style parliament

Argentina

republic

Armenia

republic

Aruba

parliamentary democracy

Australia

democratic, federal-state system recognizing the British

monarch as sovereign

Austria

federal republic

Azerbaijan

republic

Bahamas, The

constitutional parliamentary democracy

Bahrain

constitutional hereditary monarchy

Bangladesh

parliamentary democracy

Barbados

parliamentary democracy; independent sovereign state within

the Commonwealth

Belarus

republic in name, although in fact a dictatorship

Belgium

federal parliamentary democracy under a constitutional

monarch

Belize

parliamentary democracy

Benin

republic under multiparty democratic rule; dropped

Marxism-Leninism December 1989

Bermuda

parliamentary British overseas territory with internal

self-government

Bhutan

monarchy; special treaty relationship with India

Bolivia

republic

Bosnia and Herzegovina

emerging federal democratic republic

Botswana

parliamentary republic

Brazil

federative republic

British Virgin Islands

NA

Brunei

constitutional sultanate

Bulgaria

parliamentary democracy

Burkina Faso

parliamentary republic

Burma

military junta

Burundi

republic

Cambodia

multiparty democracy under a constitutional monarchy

established in September 1993

Cameroon

unitary republic; multiparty presidential regime

(opposition parties legalized in 1990)

note: preponderance of power remains with the president

Canada

a constitutional monarchy that is also a parliamentary

democracy and a federation

Cape Verde

republic

Cayman Islands

British crown colony

Central African Republic

republic

Chad

republic

Chile

republic

China

Communist state

Christmas Island

NA

Cocos (Keeling) Islands

NA

Colombia

republic; executive branch dominates government structure

Comoros

independent republic

Congo, Democratic Republic of the

dictatorship; presumably

undergoing a transition to representative government

Congo, Republic of the

republic

Cook Islands

self-governing parliamentary democracy

Costa Rica

democratic republic

Cote d'Ivoire

republic; multiparty presidential regime established

1960

Croatia

presidential/parliamentary democracy

Cuba

Communist state

Cyprus

republic

note: a separation of the two ethnic communities inhabiting the

island began following the outbreak of communal strife in 1963; this

separation was further solidified after the Turkish intervention in

July 1974 that followed a Greek junta-supported coup attempt gave

the Turkish Cypriots de facto control in the north; Greek Cypriots

control the only internationally recognized government; on 15

November 1983 Turkish Cypriot "President" Rauf DENKTASH declared

independence and the formation of a "Turkish Republic of Northern

Cyprus" (TRNC), recognized only by Turkey

Czech Republic

parliamentary democracy

Denmark

constitutional monarchy

Djibouti

republic

Dominica

parliamentary democracy; republic within the Commonwealth

Dominican Republic

representative democracy

East Timor

Republic

Ecuador

republic

Egypt

republic

El Salvador

republic

Equatorial Guinea

republic

Eritrea

transitional government

note: following a successful referendum on independence for the

Autonomous Region of Eritrea on 23-25 April 1993, a National

Assembly, composed entirely of the People's Front for Democracy and

Justice or PFDJ, was established as a transitional legislature; a

Constitutional Commission was also established to draft a

constitution; ISAIAS Afworki was elected president by the

transitional legislature; the constitution, ratified in May 1997,

did not enter into effect, pending parliamentary and presidential

elections; parliamentary elections had been scheduled in December

2001, but were postponed indefinitely; currently the sole legal

party is the People's Front for Democracy and Justice (PFDJ)

Estonia

parliamentary republic

Ethiopia

federal republic

Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas)

NA

Faroe Islands

NA

Fiji

republic

note: military coup leader Maj. Gen. Sitiveni RABUKA formally

declared Fiji a republic on 6 October 1987

Finland

republic

France

republic

French Guiana

NA

French Polynesia

NA

Gabon

republic; multiparty presidential regime (opposition parties

legalized in 1990)

Gambia, The

republic under multiparty democratic rule

Georgia

republic

Germany

federal republic

Ghana

constitutional democracy

Gibraltar

NA

Greece

parliamentary republic; monarchy rejected by referendum 8

December 1974

Greenland

parliamentary democracy within a constitutional monarchy

Grenada

constitutional monarchy with Westminster-style parliament

Guadeloupe

NA

Guam

NA

Guatemala

constitutional democratic republic

Guernsey

NA

Guinea

republic

Guinea-Bissau

republic, multiparty since mid-1991

Guyana

republic within the Commonwealth

Haiti

elected government

Holy See (Vatican City)

ecclesiastical

Honduras

democratic constitutional republic

Hong Kong

limited democracy

Hungary

parliamentary democracy

Iceland

constitutional republic

India

federal republic

Indonesia

republic

Iran

theocratic republic

Iraq

none; note - the Iraqi Interim Government (IG) was appointed on

1 June 2004

Ireland

republic

Israel

parliamentary democracy

Italy

republic

Jamaica

constitutional parliamentary democracy

Japan

constitutional monarchy with a parliamentary government

Jersey

NA

Jordan

constitutional monarchy

Kazakhstan

republic; authoritarian presidential rule, with little

power outside the executive branch

Kenya

republic

Kiribati

republic

Korea, North

Communist state one-man dictatorship

Korea, South

republic

Kuwait

nominal constitutional monarchy

Kyrgyzstan

republic

Laos

Communist state

Latvia

parliamentary democracy

Lebanon

republic

Lesotho

parliamentary constitutional monarchy

Liberia

republic

Libya

Jamahiriya (a state of the masses) in theory, governed by the

populace through local councils; in fact, a military dictatorship

Liechtenstein

hereditary constitutional monarchy on a democratic and

parliamentary basis

Lithuania

parliamentary democracy

Luxembourg

constitutional monarchy

Macau

limited democracy

Macedonia

parliamentary democracy

Madagascar

republic

Malawi

multiparty democracy

Malaysia

constitutional monarchy

note: nominally headed by paramount ruler and a bicameral Parliament

consisting of a nonelected upper house and an elected lower house;

all Peninsular Malaysian states have hereditary rulers except Melaka

and Pulau Pinang (Penang); those two states along with Sabah and

Sarawak in East Malaysia have governors appointed by government;

powers of state governments are limited by federal constitution;

under terms of federation, Sabah and Sarawak retain certain

constitutional prerogatives (e.g., right to maintain their own

immigration controls); Sabah - holds 20 seats in House of

Representatives and will hold 25 seats after the next election;

Sarawak holds 28 seats in House of Representatives

Maldives

republic

Mali

republic

Malta

republic

Man, Isle of

parliamentary democracy

Marshall Islands

constitutional government in free association with

the US; the Compact of Free Association entered into force 21

October 1986 and the Amended Compact entered into force in May 2004

Martinique

NA

Mauritania

republic

Mauritius

parliamentary democracy

Mayotte

NA

Mexico

federal republic

Micronesia, Federated States of

constitutional government in free

association with the US; the Compact of Free Association entered

into force 3 November 1986 and the Amended Compact entered into

force May 2004

Moldova

republic

Monaco

constitutional monarchy

Mongolia

mixed parliamentary/presidential

Montserrat

NA

Morocco

constitutional monarchy

Mozambique

republic

Namibia

republic

Nauru

republic

Nepal

parliamentary democracy and constitutional monarchy

Netherlands

constitutional monarchy

Netherlands Antilles

parliamentary

New Caledonia

NA

New Zealand

parliamentary democracy

Nicaragua

republic

Niger

republic

Nigeria

federal republic

Niue

self-governing parliamentary democracy

Norfolk Island

NA

Northern Mariana Islands

commonwealth; self-governing with locally

elected governor, lieutenant governor, and legislature

Norway

constitutional monarchy

Oman

monarchy

Pakistan

federal republic

Palau

constitutional government in free association with the US; the

Compact of Free Association entered into force 1 October 1994

Panama

constitutional democracy

Papua New Guinea

constitutional monarchy with parliamentary democracy

Paraguay

constitutional republic

Peru

constitutional republic

Philippines

republic

Pitcairn Islands

NA

Poland

republic

Portugal

parliamentary democracy

Puerto Rico

commonwealth

Qatar

traditional monarchy

Reunion

NA

Romania

republic

Russia

federation

Rwanda

republic; presidential, multiparty system

Saint Helena

NA

Saint Kitts and Nevis

constitutional monarchy with Westminster-style

parliament

Saint Lucia

Westminster-style parliamentary democracy

Saint Pierre and Miquelon

NA

Saint Vincent and the Grenadines

parliamentary democracy;

independent sovereign state within the Commonwealth

Samoa

mix of parliamentary democracy and constitutional monarchy

San Marino

independent republic

Sao Tome and Principe

republic

Saudi Arabia

monarchy

Senegal

republic under multiparty democratic rule

Serbia and Montenegro

republic

Seychelles

republic

Sierra Leone

constitutional democracy

Singapore

parliamentary republic

Slovakia

parliamentary democracy

Slovenia

parliamentary democratic republic

Solomon Islands

parliamentary democracy

Somalia

no permanent national government; transitional,

parliamentary federal government

South Africa

republic

Spain

parliamentary monarchy

Sri Lanka

republic

Sudan

authoritarian regime - ruling military junta took power in

1989; government is run by an alliance of the military and the

National Congress Party (NCP), formerly the National Islamic Front

(NIF), which espouses an Islamist platform

Suriname

constitutional democracy

Svalbard

NA

Swaziland

monarchy; independent member of Commonwealth

Sweden

constitutional monarchy

Switzerland

formally a confederation, but similar in structure to a

federal republic

Syria

republic under military regime since March 1963

Taiwan

multiparty democratic regime headed by popularly-elected

president and unicameral legislature

Tajikistan

republic

Tanzania

republic

Thailand

constitutional monarchy

Togo

republic under transition to multiparty democratic rule

Tokelau

NA

Tonga

hereditary constitutional monarchy

Trinidad and Tobago

parliamentary democracy

Tunisia

republic

Turkey

republican parliamentary democracy

Turkmenistan

republic; authoritarian presidential rule, with little

power outside the executive branch

Turks and Caicos Islands

NA

Tuvalu

constitutional monarchy with a parliamentary democracy; began

debating republic status in 1992

Uganda

republic

Ukraine

republic

United Arab Emirates

federation with specified powers delegated to

the UAE federal government and other powers reserved to member

emirates

United Kingdom

constitutional monarchy

United States

Constitution-based federal republic; strong democratic

tradition

Uruguay

constitutional republic

Uzbekistan

republic; authoritarian presidential rule, with little

power outside the executive branch

Vanuatu

parliamentary republic

Venezuela

federal republic

Vietnam

Communist state

Virgin Islands

NA

Wallis and Futuna

NA

Western Sahara

legal status of territory and issue of sovereignty

unresolved; territory contested by Morocco and Polisario Front

(Popular Front for the Liberation of the Saguia el Hamra and Rio de

Oro), which in February 1976 formally proclaimed a

government-in-exile of the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic (SADR),

led by President Mohamed ABDELAZIZ; territory partitioned between

Morocco and Mauritania in April 1976, with Morocco acquiring

northern two-thirds; Mauritania, under pressure from Polisario

guerrillas, abandoned all claims to its portion in August 1979;

Morocco moved to occupy that sector shortly thereafter and has since

asserted administrative control; the Polisario's government-in-exile

was seated as an OAU member in 1984; guerrilla activities continued

sporadically, until a UN-monitored cease-fire was implemented 6

September 1991

Yemen

republic

Zambia

republic

Zimbabwe

parliamentary democracy

This page was last updated on 20 October, 2005

======================================================================

@2129 Unemployment rate (%)

Afghanistan

NA

Albania

14.8% officially; may be as high as 30% (2001 est.)

Algeria

25.4% (2004 est.)

American Samoa

6% (2000)

Andorra

0% (1996 est.)

Angola

extensive unemployment and underemployment affecting more

than half the population (2001 est.)

Anguilla

8% (2002)

Antigua and Barbuda

11% (2001 est.)

Argentina

14.8% (2004 est.)

Armenia

30% (2003 est.)

Aruba

0.6% (2003 est.)

Australia

5.1% (December 2004 est.)

Austria

4.4% (2004 est.)

Azerbaijan

1.2% (official rate) (2004 est.)

Bahamas, The

10.2% (2004 est.)

Bahrain

15% (1998 est.)

Bangladesh

40% (includes underemployment) (2004 est.)

Barbados

10.7% (2003 est.)

Belarus

2% officially registered unemployed; large number of

underemployed workers (2004)

Belgium

12% (first half, 2004)

Belize

12.9% (2003)

Benin

NA

Bermuda

5% (2002 est.)

Bhutan

NA

Bolivia

9.2% in urban areas

note: widespread underemployment (2003 est.)

Bosnia and Herzegovina

44% officially; however, grey economy may

reduce actual unemployment to near 20% (2004 est.)

Botswana

23.8% (2004 est.)

Brazil

11.5% (2004 est.)

British Virgin Islands

3% (1995)

Brunei

3.2% (2002 est.)

Bulgaria

12.7% (2004 est.)

Burkina Faso

NA%

Burma

5.2% (2004 est.)

Burundi

NA

Cambodia

2.5% (2000 est.)

Cameroon

30% (2001 est.)

Canada

7% (2004)

Cape Verde

21% (2000 est.)

Cayman Islands

4.1% (1997)

Central African Republic

8% (23% for Bangui) (2001 est.)

Chad

NA

Chile

8.5% (2004 est.)

China

9.8% in urban areas; substantial unemployment and

underemployment in rural areas; an official Chinese journal

estimated overall unemployment (including rural areas) for 2003 at

20% (2004 est.)

Cocos (Keeling) Islands

60% (2000 est.)

Colombia

13.6% (2004 est.)

Comoros

20% (1996 est.)

Congo, Democratic Republic of the

NA (2003 est.)

Congo, Republic of the

NA (2003)

Cook Islands

13% (1996)

Costa Rica

6.6% (2004 est.)

Cote d'Ivoire

13% in urban areas (1998)

Croatia

13.8% (2004 est.)

Cuba

2.5% (2004 est.)

Cyprus

Republic of Cyprus: 3.2%; north Cyprus: 5.6% (2004 est.)

Czech Republic

10.6% (2004 est.)

Denmark

6.2% (2004 est.)

Djibouti

50% (2004 est.)

Dominica

23% (2000 est.)

Dominican Republic

17% (2004 est.)

East Timor

50% (including underemployment) (1992 est.)

Ecuador

11.1%; note - underemployment of 47% (2004 est.)

Egypt

10.9% (2004 est.)

El Salvador

6.3% - but the economy has much underemployment (2004

est.)

Equatorial Guinea

30% (1998 est.)

Eritrea

NA (2003 est.)

Estonia

9.6% (2004 est.)

Ethiopia

NA (2002)

European Union

9.5% (2004 est.)

Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas)

full employment; labor shortage

(2001)

Faroe Islands

1% (October 2000)

Fiji

7.6% (1999)

Finland

8.9% (2004 est.)

France

10.1% (2004 est.)

French Guiana

22% (2001)

French Polynesia

11.8% (1994)

Gabon

21% (1997 est.)

Gambia, The

NA (2002 est.)

Gaza Strip

50% (includes West Bank) (2003 est.)

Georgia

17% (2001 est.)

Germany

10.6% (2004 est.)

Ghana

20% (1997 est.)

Gibraltar

2% (2001 est.)

Greece

10% (2004 est.)

Greenland

10% (2000 est.)

Grenada

12.5% (2000)

Guadeloupe

27.8% (1998)

Guam

15% (2000 est.)

Guatemala

7.5% (2003 est.)

Guernsey

0.5% (1999 est.)

Guinea

NA (2002 est.)

Guinea-Bissau

NA (1998)

Guyana

9.1% (understated) (2000)

Haiti

widespread unemployment and underemployment; more than

two-thirds of the labor force do not have formal jobs (2002 est.)

Honduras

28.5% (2004 est.)

Hong Kong

6.7% (2004 est.)

Hungary

5.9% (2004 est.)

Iceland

3.1% (2004 est.)

India

9.2% (2004 est.)

Indonesia

9.2% (2004 est.)

Iran

11.2% (2004 est.)

Iraq

25% to 30% (2004 est.)

Ireland

4.3% (2004 est.)

Israel

10.7% (2004 est.)

Italy

8.6% (2004 est.)

Jamaica

15% (2004 est.)

Japan

4.7% (2004 est.)

Jersey

0.9% (2004 est.)

Jordan

15% official rate; unofficial rate is approximately 30% (2004

est.)

Kazakhstan

8% (2004 est.)

Kenya

40% (2001 est.)

Kiribati

2%; underemployment 70% (1992 est.)

Korea, North

NA (2003)

Korea, South

3.6% (2004 est.)

Kuwait

2.2% (2004 est.)

Kyrgyzstan

18% (2004 est.)

Laos

5.7% (1997 est.)

Latvia

8.8% (2004 est.)

Lebanon

18% (1997 est.)

Lesotho

45% (2002)

Liberia

85% (2003 est.)

Libya

30% (2004)

Liechtenstein

1.3% (September 2002)

Lithuania

8% (2004 est.)

Luxembourg

4.5% (December, 2004 est.)

Macau

4.7% (3rd Quarter, 2004)

Macedonia

37.7% (3rd quarter, 2004 est.)

Malawi

NA (2003 est.)

Malaysia

3% (2004 est.)

Maldives

NEGL% (2003 est.)

Mali

14.6% urban areas; 5.3% rural areas (2001 est.)

Malta

7% (2003 est.)

Man, Isle of

0.6% (2004 est.)

Marshall Islands

30.9% (1999 est.)

Martinique

27.2% (1998)

Mauritania

20% (2004 est.)

Mauritius

10.8% (2004 est.)

Mayotte

38% (1999)

Mexico

3.2% plus underemployment of perhaps 25% (2004 est.)

Micronesia, Federated States of

16% (1999 est.)

Moldova

8% (roughly 25% of working age Moldovans are employed

abroad) (2002 est.)

Monaco

22% (1999)

Mongolia

6.7% (2003)

Montserrat

6% (1998 est.)

Morocco

12.1% (2004 est.)

Mozambique

21% (1997 est.)

Namibia

35% (1998)

Nauru

90% (2004 est.)

Nepal

47% (2001 est.)

Netherlands

6% (2004 est.)

Netherlands Antilles

15.6% (2002 est.)

New Caledonia

19% (1996)

New Zealand

4.2% (2004 est.)

Nicaragua

7.8% plus underemployment of 46.5% (2003 est.)

Niger

NA (2002 est.)

Nigeria

NA

Niue

NA

Norfolk Island

0%

Northern Mariana Islands

NA

Norway

4.3% (2004 est.)

Oman

15% (2004 est.)

Pakistan

8.3% plus substantial underemployment (2004 est.)

Palau

2.3% (2000 est.)

Panama

12.6% (2004 est.)

Papua New Guinea

NA

Paraguay

15.1% (2004 est.)

Peru

9.6% in metropolitan Lima; widespread underemployment (2004

est.)

Philippines

11.7% (2004 est.)

Pitcairn Islands

NA

Poland

19.5% (2004 est.)

Portugal

6.5% (2004 est.)

Puerto Rico

12% (2002)

Qatar

2.7% (2001)

Reunion

36% (1999 est.)

Romania

6.3% (2004 est.)

Russia

8.3% plus considerable underemployment (2004 est.)

Rwanda

NA

Saint Helena

14% (1998 est.)

Saint Kitts and Nevis

4.5% (1997)

Saint Lucia

20% (2003 est.)

Saint Pierre and Miquelon

9.8% (1997)

Saint Vincent and the Grenadines

15% (2001 est.)

Samoa

NA; note - substantial underemployment

San Marino

2.6% (2001)

Sao Tome and Principe

NA

Saudi Arabia

25% (unofficial estimate) (2004 est.)

Senegal

48% (urban youth 40%) (2001 est.)

Serbia and Montenegro

30%

note: unemployment is approximately 50% in Kosovo (2004 est.)

Seychelles

NA

Sierra Leone

NA

Singapore

3.4% (2004 est.)

Slovakia

13.1% (31 December 2004 est.)

Slovenia

6.4% (2004 est.)

Solomon Islands

NA%

Somalia

NA

South Africa

26.2% (2004 est.)

Spain

10.4% (2004 est.)

Sri Lanka

7.8% (2004 est.)

Sudan

18.7% (2002 est.)

Suriname

17% (2000)

Swaziland

34% (2000 est.)

Sweden

5.6% (2004 est.)

Switzerland

3.4% (2004 est.)

Syria

20% (2002 est.)

Taiwan

4.5% (2004 est.)

Tajikistan

40% (2002 est.)

Tanzania

NA

Thailand

1.5% (November 2004 est.)

Togo

NA (2003 est.)

Tokelau

NA%

Tonga

13.3% (1996 est.)

Trinidad and Tobago

10.4% (2004 est.)

Tunisia

13.8% (2004 est.)

Turkey

9.3% (plus underemployment of 4.0%) (2004 est.)

Turkmenistan

60% (2004 est.)

Turks and Caicos Islands

10% (1997 est.)

Tuvalu

NA%

Uganda

NA (2002 est.)

Ukraine

3.5% officially registered; large number of unregistered or

underemployed workers; the International Labor Organization

calculates that Ukraine's real unemployment level is around 9-10

percent (2004 est.)

United Arab Emirates

2.4% (2001)

United Kingdom

4.8% (2004 est.)

United States

5.5% (2004 est.)

Uruguay

13% (2004 est.)

Uzbekistan

0.6% officially, plus another 20% underemployed (2004

est.)

Vanuatu

NA%

Venezuela

17.1% (2004 est.)

Vietnam

1.9% (2004 est.)

Virgin Islands

9.3% (2003 est.)

Wallis and Futuna

NA%

West Bank

27.2% (includes Gaza Strip) (2004 est.)

Western Sahara

NA

World

30% combined unemployment and underemployment in many

non-industrialized countries; developed countries typically 4%-12%

unemployment

Yemen

35% (2003 est.)

Zambia

50% (2000 est.)

Zimbabwe

70% (2002 est.)

This page was last updated on 20 October, 2005

======================================================================

@2137 Military - note

Akrotiri

Akrotiri has a full RAF base, Headquarters for British

Forces on Cyprus, and Episkopi Support Unit

American Samoa

defense is the responsibility of the US

Andorra

defense is the responsibility of France and Spain

Anguilla

defense is the responsibility of the UK

Antarctica

the Antarctic Treaty prohibits any measures of a military

nature, such as the establishment of military bases and

fortifications, the carrying out of military maneuvers, or the

testing of any type of weapon; it permits the use of military

personnel or equipment for scientific research or for any other

peaceful purposes

Argentina

the Argentine military is a well-organized force

constrained by the country's prolonged economic hardship; the

country has recently experienced a strong recovery, and the military

is now implementing "Plan 2000," aimed at making the ground forces

lighter and more responsive (2005)

Aruba

defense is the responsibility of the Kingdom of the Netherlands

Ashmore and Cartier Islands

defense is the responsibility of

Australia; periodic visits by the Royal Australian Navy and Royal

Australian Air Force

Baker Island

defense is the responsibility of the US; visited

annually by the US Coast Guard

Barbados

the Royal Barbados Defense Force includes a land-based

Troop Command and a small Coast Guard; the primary role of the land

element is to defend the island against external aggression; the

Command consists of a single, part-time battalion with a small

regular cadre that is deployed throughout the island; it

increasingly supports the police in patrolling the coastline to

prevent smuggling and other illicit activities (2005)

Bassas da India

defense is the responsibility of France

Bermuda

defense is the responsibility of the UK

Bouvet Island

defense is the responsibility of Norway

British Indian Ocean Territory

defense is the responsibility of the

UK; the US lease on Diego Garcia expires in 2016

British Virgin Islands

defense is the responsibility of the UK

Cayman Islands

defense is the responsibility of the UK

Christmas Island

defense is the responsibility of Australia

Clipperton Island

defense is the responsibility of France

Cocos (Keeling) Islands

defense is the responsibility of Australia;

the territory does have a five-person police force

Cook Islands

defense is the responsibility of New Zealand, in

consultation with the Cook Islands and at its request

Coral Sea Islands

defense is the responsibility of Australia;

visited regularly by the Royal Australian Navy; Australia has

control over the activities of visitors

Cuba

Moscow, for decades the key military supporter and supplier of

Cuba, cut off almost all military aid by 1993

Dhekelia

includes Dheklia Garrison and Ayios Nikolaos Station

connected by a roadway

Europa Island

defense is the responsibility of France

European Union

In November 2004, the European Union heads of

government signed a "Treaty Establishing a Constitution for Europe"

that offers possibilities - with some limits - for increased defense

and security cooperation. If ratified, in a process that may take

some two years, this treaty will in effect make operational the

European Security and Defense Policy (ESDP) approved in the 2000

Nice Treaty. Despite limits of cooperation for some EU members,

development of a European military planning unit is likely to

continue. So is creation of a rapid-reaction military force and a

humanitarian aid system, which the planning unit will support.

France, Germany, Belgium, Netherlands, Luxembourg, and Italy

continue to press for wider coordination. The five-nation Eurocorps

- created in 1992 by France, Germany, Belgium, Spain, and Luxembourg

- has already deployed troops and police on peacekeeping missions to

Bosnia and Herzegovina, Macedonia, and the Democratic Republic of

Congo and assumed command of the International Security Assistance

Force (ISAF) in Afghanistan in August 2004. Eurocorps directly

commands the 5,000-man Franco-German Brigade, the Multinational

Command Support Brigade, and EUFOR, which took over from SFOR in

Bosnia in December 2004. Other troop contributions are under

national command - committments to provide 67,100 troops were made

at the Helsinki EU session in 2000. Some 56,000 EU troops were

actually deployed in 2003. In August 2004, the new European Defense

Agency, tasked with promoting cooperative European defense

capabilities, began operations. In November 2004, the EU Council of

Ministers formally committed to creating thirteen 1,500-man "battle

groups" by the end of 2007, to respond to international crises on a

rotating basis. Twenty-two of the EU's 25 nations have agreed to

supply troops. France, Italy, and the UK are to form the first three

battle groups in 2005, with Spain to follow. In May 2005, Norway,

Sweden, and Finland agreed to establish one of the battle groups,

possibly to include Estonian forces. The remaining groups are to be

formed by 2007. (2005)

Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas)

defense is the responsibility of

the UK

Faroe Islands

defense is the responsibility of Denmark

French Guiana

defense is the responsibility of France

French Polynesia

defense is the responsibility of France

French Southern and Antarctic Lands

defense is the responsibility of

France

Georgia

a CIS peacekeeping force of Russian troops is deployed in

the Abkhazia region of Georgia together with a UN military observer

group; a Russian peacekeeping battalion is deployed in South Ossetia

Gibraltar

defense is the responsibility of the UK; the last British

regular infantry forces left Gibraltar in 1992, replaced by the

Royal Gibraltar Regiment

Glorioso Islands

defense is the responsibility of France

Greenland

defense is the responsibility of Denmark

Guadeloupe

defense is the responsibility of France

Guam

defense is the responsibility of the US

Guernsey

defense is the responsibility of the UK

Heard Island and McDonald Islands

defense is the responsibility of

Australia; Australia conducts fisheries patrols

Holy See (Vatican City)

defense is the responsibility of Italy;

ceremonial and limited security duties performed by Pontifical Swiss

Guard

Hong Kong

defense is the responsibility of China

Howland Island

defense is the responsibility of the US; visited

annually by the US Coast Guard

Iceland

defense is provided by the US-manned Icelandic Defense Force

(IDF) headquartered at Keflavik

Jan Mayen

defense is the responsibility of Norway

Jarvis Island

defense is the responsibility of the US; visited

annually by the US Coast Guard

Jersey

defense is the responsibility of the UK

Johnston Atoll

defense is the responsibility of the US

Juan de Nova Island

defense is the responsibility of France

Kingman Reef

defense is the responsibility of the US

Kiribati

Kiribati does not have military forces; defense assistance

is provided by Australia and NZ

Laos

Laos is one of the world's least developed countries; the Lao

People's Armed Forces are small, poorly funded, and ineffectively

resourced; there is little political will to allocate sparse funding

to the military, and the armed forces' gradual degradation is likely

to continue; the massive drug production and trafficking industry

centered in the Golden Triangle makes Laos an important narcotics

transit country, and armed Wa and Chinese smugglers are active on

the Lao-Burma border (2005)

Lesotho

the Lesotho Government in 1999 began an open debate on the

future structure, size, and role of the armed forces, especially

considering the Lesotho Defense Force's (LDF) history of intervening

in political affairs

Liechtenstein

defense is the responsibility of Switzerland

Man, Isle of

defense is the responsibility of the UK

Marshall Islands

defense is the responsibility of the US

Martinique

defense is the responsibility of France

Mayotte

defense is the responsibility of France; small contingent of

French forces stationed on the island

Micronesia, Federated States of

Federated States of Micronesia (FSM)

is a sovereign, self-governing state in free association with the

US; FSM is totally dependent on the US for its defense

Midway Islands

defense is the responsibility of the US

Monaco

defense is the responsibility of France; the Palace Guard

performs ceremonial duties (2003)

Montserrat

defense is the responsibility of the UK

Nauru

Nauru maintains no defense forces; under an informal

agreement, defense is the responsibility of Australia

Navassa Island

defense is the responsibility of the US

Netherlands Antilles

defense is the responsibility of the Kingdom of

the Netherlands

New Caledonia

defense is the responsibility of France

Niue

defense is the responsibility of New Zealand

Norfolk Island

defense is the responsibility of Australia

Northern Mariana Islands

defense is the responsibility of the US

Palau

defense is the responsibility of the US; under a Compact of

Free Association between Palau and the US, the US military is

granted access to the islands for 50 years

Palmyra Atoll

defense is the responsibility of the US

Panama

on 10 February 1990, the government of then President ENDARA

abolished Panama's military and reformed the security apparatus by

creating the Panamanian Public Forces; in October 1994, Panama's

Legislative Assembly approved a constitutional amendment prohibiting

the creation of a standing military force, but allowing the

temporary establishment of special police units to counter acts of

"external aggression"

Paracel Islands

occupied by China

Pitcairn Islands

defense is the responsibility of the UK

Puerto Rico

defense is the responsibility of the US

Reunion

defense is the responsibility of France

Saint Helena

defense is the responsibility of the UK

Saint Pierre and Miquelon

defense is the responsibility of France

Samoa

Samoa has no formal defense structure or regular armed forces;

informal defense ties exist with NZ, which is required to consider

any Samoan request for assistance under the 1962 Treaty of Friendship

San Marino

defense is the responsibility of Italy

Sao Tome and Principe

Sao Tome and Principe's army is a tiny force

with almost no resouces at its disposal and would be wholly

ineffective operating unilaterally; infantry equipment is considered

simple to operate and maintain but may require refurbishment or

replacement after 25 years in tropical climates; poor pay and

conditions have been a problem in the past, as has alleged nepotism

in the promotion of officers, as reflected in the 1995 and 2003

coups; these issues are being addressed with foreign assistance as

intial steps towards the improvement of the army and its focus on

realistic security concerns; command is excersized from the

president, through the Minister of Defense, to the Chief of the

Armed Forces staff (2005)

South Africa

with the end of apartheid and the establishment of

majority rule, former military, black homelands forces, and

ex-opposition forces were integrated into the South African National

Defense Force (SANDF); as of 2003 the integration process was

considered complete

South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands

defense is the

responsibility of the UK

Spratly Islands

Spratly Islands consist of more than 100 small

islands or reefs, of which about 45 are claimed and occupied by

China, Malaysia, the Philippines, Taiwan, and Vietnam

Svalbard

demilitarized by treaty on 9 February 1920

Tokelau

defense is the responsibility of New Zealand

Tromelin Island

defense is the responsibility of France

Turkey

in the early 1990s, the Turkish Land Force was a large but

badly equipped infantry force; there were 14 infantry divisions, but

only one was mechanized, and out of 16 infantry brigades, only six

were mechanized; the overhaul that has taken place since has

produced highly moblie forces with greatly enhanced firepower in

accordance with NATO's new strategic concept (2005)

Turks and Caicos Islands

defense is the responsibility of the UK

Virgin Islands

defense is the responsibility of the US

Wake Island

defense is the responsibility of the US; launch support

facility is part of the Ronald Reagan Ballistic Missile Defense Test

Site (RTS) administered by US Army Space and Missile Defense Command

(SMDC)

Wallis and Futuna

defense is the responsibility of France

Yemen

a Coast Guard was established in 2002

This page was last updated on 20 October, 2005

======================================================================

@2138 Communications - note

Afghanistan

in March 2003 'af' was established as Afghanistan's

domain name; Internet access is growing through Internet cafes as

well as public "telekiosks" in Kabul that are part of a nationwide

network proposed by the Transitional Authority for Internet access

(2002)

Bouvet Island

automatic meteorological station

Coral Sea Islands

there are automatic weather stations on many of

the isles and reefs relaying data to the mainland

Europa Island

1 meteorological station

Glorioso Islands

1 meteorological station

Juan de Nova Island

1 meteorological station

Saint Helena

Gough Island has a meteorological station

Tromelin Island

important meteorological station

This page was last updated on 20 October, 2005

======================================================================

@2140 Government - note

Malawi

the executive exerts considerable influence over the

legislature

Solomon Islands

June 2003 Prime Minister Sir Allan KEMAKEZA sought

the intervention of Australia to aid in restoring order; parliament

approved the request for intervention in July 2003; troops from

Australia, New Zealand, Fiji, Papua New Guinea, and Tonga arrived 24

July 2003. By the end of 2004 the Regional Assistance Mission to the

Solomon Islands (RAMSI) had been scaled back to 302 police officers

and 120 military in addition to civilian technical advisors.

Somalia

although an interim government was created in 2004 other

governing bodies continue to exist and control various cities and

regions of the country, including the self-declared Republic of

Somaliland, and traditional clan and faction strongholds

This page was last updated on 20 October, 2005

======================================================================

@2142 Country name

Afghanistan

conventional long form: Islamic Republic of Afghanistan

conventional short form: Afghanistan

local long form: Jomhuri-ye Eslami-ye Afghanestan

local short form: Afghanestan

former: Republic of Afghanistan

Akrotiri

conventional long form: Akrotiri Sovereign Base Area

conventional short form: Akrotiri

Albania

conventional long form: Republic of Albania

conventional short form: Albania

local long form: Republika e Shqiperise

local short form: Shqiperia

former: People's Socialist Republic of Albania

Algeria

conventional long form: People's Democratic Republic of

Algeria

conventional short form: Algeria

local long form: Al Jumhuriyah al Jaza'iriyah ad Dimuqratiyah ash

Sha'biyah

local short form: Al Jaza'ir

American Samoa

conventional long form: Territory of American Samoa

conventional short form: American Samoa

abbreviation: AS

Andorra

conventional long form: Principality of Andorra

conventional short form: Andorra

local long form: Principat d'Andorra

local short form: Andorra

Angola

conventional long form: Republic of Angola

conventional short form: Angola

local long form: Republica de Angola

local short form: Angola

former: People's Republic of Angola

Anguilla

conventional long form: none

conventional short form: Anguilla

Antarctica

conventional long form: none

conventional short form: Antarctica

Antigua and Barbuda

conventional long form: none

conventional short form: Antigua and Barbuda

Argentina

conventional long form: Argentine Republic

conventional short form: Argentina

local long form: Republica Argentina

local short form: Argentina

Armenia

conventional long form: Republic of Armenia

conventional short form: Armenia

local long form: Hayastani Hanrapetut'yun

local short form: Hayastan

former: Armenian Soviet Socialist Republic; Armenian Republic

Aruba

conventional long form: none

conventional short form: Aruba

Ashmore and Cartier Islands

conventional long form: Territory of

Ashmore and Cartier Islands

conventional short form: Ashmore and Cartier Islands

Australia

conventional long form: Commonwealth of Australia

conventional short form: Australia

Austria

conventional long form: Republic of Austria

conventional short form: Austria

local long form: Republik Oesterreich

local short form: Oesterreich

Azerbaijan

conventional long form: Republic of Azerbaijan

conventional short form: Azerbaijan

local long form: Azarbaycan Respublikasi

local short form: none

former: Azerbaijan Soviet Socialist Republic

Bahamas, The

conventional long form: Commonwealth of The Bahamas

conventional short form: The Bahamas

Bahrain

conventional long form: Kingdom of Bahrain

conventional short form: Bahrain

local long form: Mamlakat al Bahrayn

local short form: Al Bahrayn

former: Dilmun

Baker Island

conventional long form: none

conventional short form: Baker Island

Bangladesh

conventional long form: People's Republic of Bangladesh

conventional short form: Bangladesh

former: East Pakistan

Barbados

conventional long form: none

conventional short form: Barbados

Bassas da India

conventional long form: none

conventional short form: Bassas da India

Belarus

conventional long form: Republic of Belarus

conventional short form: Belarus

local long form: Respublika Byelarus'

local short form: none

former: Belorussian (Byelorussian) Soviet Socialist Republic

Belgium

conventional long form: Kingdom of Belgium

conventional short form: Belgium

local long form: Royaume de Belgique/Koninkrijk Belgie

local short form: Belgique/Belgie

Belize

conventional long form: none

conventional short form: Belize

former: British Honduras

Benin

conventional long form: Republic of Benin

conventional short form: Benin

local long form: Republique du Benin

local short form: Benin

former: Dahomey

Bermuda

conventional long form: none

conventional short form: Bermuda

former: Somers Islands

Bhutan

conventional long form: Kingdom of Bhutan

conventional short form: Bhutan

Bolivia

conventional long form: Republic of Bolivia

conventional short form: Bolivia

local long form: Republica de Bolivia

local short form: Bolivia

Bosnia and Herzegovina

conventional long form: none

conventional short form: Bosnia and Herzegovina

local long form: none

local short form: Bosna i Hercegovina

former: People's Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina, Socialist

Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina

Botswana

conventional long form: Republic of Botswana

conventional short form: Botswana

former: Bechuanaland

Bouvet Island

conventional long form: none

conventional short form: Bouvet Island

Brazil

conventional long form: Federative Republic of Brazil

conventional short form: Brazil

local long form: Republica Federativa do Brasil

local short form: Brasil

British Indian Ocean Territory

conventional long form: British

Indian Ocean Territory

conventional short form: none

abbreviation: BIOT

British Virgin Islands

conventional long form: none

conventional short form: British Virgin Islands

abbreviation: BVI

Brunei

conventional long form: Negara Brunei Darussalam

conventional short form: Brunei

Bulgaria

conventional long form: Republic of Bulgaria

conventional short form: Bulgaria

Burkina Faso

conventional long form: none

conventional short form: Burkina Faso

former: Upper Volta, Republic of Upper Volta

Burma

conventional long form: Union of Burma

conventional short form: Burma

local long form: Pyidaungzu Myanma Naingngandaw (translated by the

US Government as Union of Myanma and by the Burmese as Union of

Myanmar)

local short form: Myanma Naingngandaw

former: Socialist Republic of the Union of Burma

note: since 1989 the military authorities in Burma have promoted the

name Myanmar as a conventional name for their state; this decision

was not approved by any sitting legislature in Burma, and the US

Government did not adopt the name, which is a derivative of the

Burmese short-form name Myanma Naingngandaw

Burundi

conventional long form: Republic of Burundi

conventional short form: Burundi

local long form: Republika y'u Burundi

local short form: Burundi

former: Urundi

Cambodia

conventional long form: Kingdom of Cambodia

conventional short form: Cambodia

local long form: Preahreacheanacha Kampuchea (phonetic pronunciation)

local short form: Kampuchea

former: Kingdom of Cambodia, Khmer Republic, Democratic Kampuchea,

People's Republic of Kampuchea, State of Cambodia

Cameroon

conventional long form: Republic of Cameroon

conventional short form: Cameroon

former: French Cameroon

Canada

conventional long form: none

conventional short form: Canada

Cape Verde

conventional long form: Republic of Cape Verde

conventional short form: Cape Verde

local long form: Republica de Cabo Verde

local short form: Cabo Verde

Cayman Islands

conventional long form: none

conventional short form: Cayman Islands

Central African Republic

conventional long form: Central African

Republic

conventional short form: none

local long form: Republique Centrafricaine

local short form: none

former: Ubangi-Shari, Central African Empire

abbreviation: CAR

Chad

conventional long form: Republic of Chad

conventional short form: Chad

local long form: Republique du Tchad

local short form: Tchad

Chile

conventional long form: Republic of Chile

conventional short form: Chile

local long form: Republica de Chile

local short form: Chile

China

conventional long form: People's Republic of China

conventional short form: China

local long form: Zhonghua Renmin Gongheguo

local short form: Zhong Guo

abbreviation: PRC

Christmas Island

conventional long form: Territory of Christmas

Island

conventional short form: Christmas Island

Clipperton Island

conventional long form: none

conventional short form: Clipperton Island

local long form: none

local short form: Ile Clipperton

former: sometimes called Ile de la Passion

Cocos (Keeling) Islands

conventional long form: Territory of Cocos

(Keeling) Islands

conventional short form: Cocos (Keeling) Islands

Colombia

conventional long form: Republic of Colombia

conventional short form: Colombia

local long form: Republica de Colombia

local short form: Colombia

Comoros

conventional long form: Union of the Comoros

conventional short form: Comoros

local long form: Union des Comores

local short form: Comores

Congo, Democratic Republic of the

conventional long form: Democratic

Republic of the Congo

conventional short form: none

local long form: Republique Democratique du Congo

local short form: none

former: Congo Free State, Belgian Congo, Congo/Leopoldville,

Congo/Kinshasa, Zaire

abbreviation: DROC

Congo, Republic of the

conventional long form: Republic of the Congo

conventional short form: Congo (Brazzaville)

local long form: Republique du Congo

local short form: none

former: Middle Congo, Congo/Brazzaville, Congo

Cook Islands

conventional long form: none

conventional short form: Cook Islands

former: Harvey Islands

Coral Sea Islands

conventional long form: Coral Sea Islands Territory

conventional short form: Coral Sea Islands

Costa Rica

conventional long form: Republic of Costa Rica

conventional short form: Costa Rica

local long form: Republica de Costa Rica

local short form: Costa Rica

Cote d'Ivoire

conventional long form: Republic of Cote d'Ivoire

conventional short form: Cote d'Ivoire

local long form: Republique de Cote d'Ivoire

local short form: Cote d'Ivoire

former: Ivory Coast

Croatia

conventional long form: Republic of Croatia

conventional short form: Croatia

local long form: Republika Hrvatska

local short form: Hrvatska

former: People's Republic of Croatia, Socialist Republic of Croatia

Cuba

conventional long form: Republic of Cuba

conventional short form: Cuba

local long form: Republica de Cuba

local short form: Cuba

Cyprus

conventional long form: Republic of Cyprus

conventional short form: Cyprus

note: the Turkish Cypriot community (north Cyprus) refers to itself

as the "Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus" (TRNC)

Czech Republic

conventional long form: Czech Republic

conventional short form: Czech Republic

local long form: Ceska Republika

local short form: Ceska Republika

Denmark

conventional long form: Kingdom of Denmark

conventional short form: Denmark

local long form: Kongeriget Danmark

local short form: Danmark

Dhekelia

conventional long form: Dhekelia Sovereign Base Area

conventional short form: Dhekelia

Djibouti

conventional long form: Republic of Djibouti

conventional short form: Djibouti

former: French Territory of the Afars and Issas, French Somaliland

Dominica

conventional long form: Commonwealth of Dominica

conventional short form: Dominica

Dominican Republic

conventional long form: Dominican Republic

conventional short form: The Dominican

local long form: Republica Dominicana

local short form: La Dominicana

East Timor

conventional long form: Democratic Republic of Timor-Leste

conventional short form: East Timor

local long form: Republika Demokratika Timor Lorosa'e [Tetum];

Republica Democratica de Timor-Leste [Portuguese]

local short form: Timor Lorosa'e [Tetum]; Timor-Leste [Portuguese]

former: Portuguese Timor

Ecuador

conventional long form: Republic of Ecuador

conventional short form: Ecuador

local long form: Republica del Ecuador

local short form: Ecuador

Egypt

conventional long form: Arab Republic of Egypt

conventional short form: Egypt

local long form: Jumhuriyat Misr al-Arabiyah

local short form: Misr

former: United Arab Republic (with Syria)

El Salvador

conventional long form: Republic of El Salvador

conventional short form: El Salvador

local long form: Republica de El Salvador

local short form: El Salvador

Equatorial Guinea

conventional long form: Republic of Equatorial

Guinea

conventional short form: Equatorial Guinea

local long form: Republica de Guinea Ecuatorial

local short form: Guinea Ecuatorial

former: Spanish Guinea

Eritrea

conventional long form: State of Eritrea

conventional short form: Eritrea

local long form: Hagere Ertra

local short form: Ertra

former: Eritrea Autonomous Region in Ethiopia

Estonia

conventional long form: Republic of Estonia

conventional short form: Estonia

local long form: Eesti Vabariik

local short form: Eesti

former: Estonian Soviet Socialist Republic

Ethiopia

conventional long form: Federal Democratic Republic of

Ethiopia

conventional short form: Ethiopia

local long form: Ityop'iya Federalawi Demokrasiyawi Ripeblik

local short form: Ityop'iya

former: Abyssinia, Italian East Africa

abbreviation: FDRE

Europa Island

conventional long form: none

conventional short form: Europa Island

local long form: none

local short form: Ile Europa

Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas)

conventional long form: none

conventional short form: Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas)

Faroe Islands

conventional long form: none

conventional short form: Faroe Islands

local long form: none

local short form: Foroyar

Fiji

conventional long form: Republic of the Fiji Islands

conventional short form: Fiji

Finland

conventional long form: Republic of Finland

conventional short form: Finland

local long form: Suomen Tasavalta

local short form: Suomi

France

conventional long form: French Republic

conventional short form: France

local long form: Republique Francaise

local short form: France

French Guiana

conventional long form: Department of Guiana

conventional short form: French Guiana

local long form: none

local short form: Guyane

French Polynesia

conventional long form: Overseas Lands of French

Polynesia

conventional short form: French Polynesia

local long form: Pays d'outre-mer de la Polynesie Francaise

local short form: Polynesie Francaise

former: French Colony of Oceania

French Southern and Antarctic Lands

conventional long form:

Territory of the French Southern and Antarctic Lands

conventional short form: French Southern and Antarctic Lands

local long form: Territoire des Terres Australes et Antarctiques

Francaises

local short form: Terres Australes et Antarctiques Francaises

Gabon

conventional long form: Gabonese Republic

conventional short form: Gabon

local long form: Republique Gabonaise

local short form: Gabon

Gambia, The

conventional long form: Republic of The Gambia

conventional short form: The Gambia

Gaza Strip

conventional long form: none

conventional short form: Gaza Strip

local long form: none

local short form: Qita Ghazzah

Georgia

conventional long form: none

conventional short form: Georgia

local long form: none

local short form: Sak'art'velo

former: Georgian Soviet Socialist Republic

Germany

conventional long form: Federal Republic of Germany

conventional short form: Germany

local long form: Bundesrepublik Deutschland

local short form: Deutschland

former: German Empire, German Republic, German Reich

Ghana

conventional long form: Republic of Ghana

conventional short form: Ghana

former: Gold Coast

Gibraltar

conventional long form: none

conventional short form: Gibraltar

Glorioso Islands

conventional long form: none

conventional short form: Glorioso Islands

local long form: none

local short form: Iles Glorieuses

Greece

conventional long form: Hellenic Republic

conventional short form: Greece

local long form: Elliniki Dhimokratia

local short form: Ellas or Ellada

former: Kingdom of Greece

Greenland

conventional long form: none

conventional short form: Greenland

local long form: none

local short form: Kalaallit Nunaat

Grenada

conventional long form: none

conventional short form: Grenada

Guadeloupe

conventional long form: Department of Guadeloupe

conventional short form: Guadeloupe

local long form: Departement de la Guadeloupe

local short form: Guadeloupe

Guam

conventional long form: Territory of Guam

conventional short form: Guam

local long form: Guahan

Guatemala

conventional long form: Republic of Guatemala

conventional short form: Guatemala

local long form: Republica de Guatemala

local short form: Guatemala

Guernsey

conventional long form: Bailiwick of Guernsey

conventional short form: Guernsey

Guinea

conventional long form: Republic of Guinea

conventional short form: Guinea

local long form: Republique de Guinee

local short form: Guinee

former: French Guinea

Guinea-Bissau

conventional long form: Republic of Guinea-Bissau

conventional short form: Guinea-Bissau

local long form: Republica da Guine-Bissau

local short form: Guine-Bissau

former: Portuguese Guinea

Guyana

conventional long form: Co-operative Republic of Guyana

conventional short form: Guyana

former: British Guiana

Haiti

conventional long form: Republic of Haiti

conventional short form: Haiti

local long form: Republique d'Haiti

local short form: Haiti

Heard Island and McDonald Islands

conventional long form: Territory

of Heard Island and McDonald Islands

conventional short form: Heard Island and McDonald Islands

Holy See (Vatican City)

conventional long form: The Holy See (State

of the Vatican City)

conventional short form: Holy See (Vatican City)

local long form: Santa Sede (Stato della Citta del Vaticano)

local short form: Santa Sede (Citta del Vaticano)

Honduras

conventional long form: Republic of Honduras

conventional short form: Honduras

local long form: Republica de Honduras

local short form: Honduras

Hong Kong

conventional long form: Hong Kong Special Administrative

Region

conventional short form: Hong Kong

local long form: Xianggang Tebie Xingzhengqu

local short form: Xianggang

abbreviation: HK

Howland Island

conventional long form: none

conventional short form: Howland Island

Hungary

conventional long form: Republic of Hungary

conventional short form: Hungary

local long form: Magyar Koztarsasag

local short form: Magyarorszag

Iceland

conventional long form: Republic of Iceland

conventional short form: Iceland

local long form: Lydhveldidh Island

local short form: Island

India

conventional long form: Republic of India

conventional short form: India

Indonesia

conventional long form: Republic of Indonesia

conventional short form: Indonesia

local long form: Republik Indonesia

local short form: Indonesia

former: Netherlands East Indies; Dutch East Indies

Iran

conventional long form: Islamic Republic of Iran

conventional short form: Iran

local long form: Jomhuri-ye Eslami-ye Iran

local short form: Iran

former: Persia

Iraq

conventional long form: Republic of Iraq

conventional short form: Iraq

local long form: Al Jumhuriyah al Iraqiyah

local short form: Al Iraq

Ireland

conventional long form: none

conventional short form: Ireland

local long form: none

local short form: Eire

Israel

conventional long form: State of Israel

conventional short form: Israel

local long form: Medinat Yisra'el

local short form: Yisra'el

Italy

conventional long form: Italian Republic

conventional short form: Italy

local long form: Repubblica Italiana

local short form: Italia

former: Kingdom of Italy

Jamaica

conventional long form: none

conventional short form: Jamaica

Jan Mayen

conventional long form: none

conventional short form: Jan Mayen

Japan

conventional long form: none

conventional short form: Japan

Jarvis Island

conventional long form: none

conventional short form: Jarvis Island

Jersey

conventional long form: Bailiwick of Jersey

conventional short form: Jersey

Johnston Atoll

conventional long form: none

conventional short form: Johnston Atoll

Jordan

conventional long form: Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan

conventional short form: Jordan

local long form: Al Mamlakah al Urduniyah al Hashimiyah

local short form: Al Urdun

former: Transjordan

Juan de Nova Island

conventional long form: none

conventional short form: Juan de Nova Island

local long form: none

local short form: Ile Juan de Nova

Kazakhstan

conventional long form: Republic of Kazakhstan

conventional short form: Kazakhstan

local long form: Qazaqstan Respublikasy

local short form: none

former: Kazakh Soviet Socialist Republic

Kenya

conventional long form: Republic of Kenya

conventional short form: Kenya

former: British East Africa

Kingman Reef

conventional long form: none

conventional short form: Kingman Reef

Kiribati

conventional long form: Republic of Kiribati

conventional short form: Kiribati

note: pronounced keer-ree-bahss

former: Gilbert Islands

Korea, North

conventional long form: Democratic People's Republic of

Korea

conventional short form: North Korea

local long form: Choson-minjujuui-inmin-konghwaguk

local short form: none

note: the North Koreans generally use the term "Choson" to refer to

their country

abbreviation: DPRK

Korea, South

conventional long form: Republic of Korea

conventional short form: South Korea

local long form: Taehan-min'guk

local short form: none

note: the South Koreans generally use the term "Han'guk" to refer to

their country

abbreviation: ROK

Kuwait

conventional long form: State of Kuwait

conventional short form: Kuwait

local long form: Dawlat al Kuwayt

local short form: Al Kuwayt

Kyrgyzstan

conventional long form: Kyrgyz Republic

conventional short form: Kyrgyzstan

local long form: Kyrgyz Respublikasy

local short form: none

former: Kirghiz Soviet Socialist Republic

Laos

conventional long form: Lao People's Democratic Republic

conventional short form: Laos

local long form: Sathalanalat Paxathipatai Paxaxon Lao

local short form: none

Latvia

conventional long form: Republic of Latvia

conventional short form: Latvia

local long form: Latvijas Republika

local short form: Latvija

former: Latvian Soviet Socialist Republic

Lebanon

conventional long form: Lebanese Republic

conventional short form: Lebanon

local long form: Al Jumhuriyah al Lubnaniyah

local short form: Lubnan

Lesotho

conventional long form: Kingdom of Lesotho

conventional short form: Lesotho

former: Basutoland

Liberia

conventional long form: Republic of Liberia

conventional short form: Liberia

Libya

conventional long form: Great Socialist People's Libyan Arab

Jamahiriya

conventional short form: Libya

local long form: Al Jumahiriyah al Arabiyah al Libiyah ash Shabiyah

al Ishtirakiyah al Uzma

local short form: none

Liechtenstein

conventional long form: Principality of Liechtenstein

conventional short form: Liechtenstein

local long form: Fuerstentum Liechtenstein

local short form: Liechtenstein

Lithuania

conventional long form: Republic of Lithuania

conventional short form: Lithuania

local long form: Lietuvos Respublika

local short form: Lietuva

former: Lithuanian Soviet Socialist Republic

Luxembourg

conventional long form: Grand Duchy of Luxembourg

conventional short form: Luxembourg

local long form: Grand Duche de Luxembourg

local short form: Luxembourg

Macau

conventional long form: Macau Special Administrative Region

conventional short form: Macau

local long form: Aomen Tebie Xingzhengqu (Chinese); Regiao

Administrativa Especial de Macau (Portuguese)

local short form: Aomen (Chinese); Macau (Portuguese)

Macedonia

conventional long form: Republic of Macedonia

conventional short form: Macedonia; note - the provisional

designation used by the UN, EU, and NATO is Former Yugoslav Republic

of Macedonia (FYROM)

local long form: Republika Makedonija

local short form: Makedonija

former: People's Republic of Macedonia, Socialist Republic of

Macedonia

Madagascar

conventional long form: Republic of Madagascar

conventional short form: Madagascar

local long form: Republique de Madagascar

local short form: Madagascar

former: Malagasy Republic

Malawi

conventional long form: Republic of Malawi

conventional short form: Malawi

former: British Central African Protectorate, Nyasaland

Protectorate, Nyasaland

Malaysia

conventional long form: none

conventional short form: Malaysia

former: Federation of Malaysia

Maldives

conventional long form: Republic of Maldives

conventional short form: Maldives

local long form: Dhivehi Raajjeyge Jumhooriyyaa

local short form: Dhivehi Raajje

Mali

conventional long form: Republic of Mali

conventional short form: Mali

local long form: Republique de Mali

local short form: Mali

former: French Sudan and Sudanese Republic

Malta

conventional long form: Republic of Malta

conventional short form: Malta

local long form: Repubblika ta' Malta

local short form: Malta

Man, Isle of

conventional long form: none

conventional short form: Isle of Man

Marshall Islands

conventional long form: Republic of the Marshall

Islands

conventional short form: Marshall Islands

former: Marshall Islands District (Trust Territory of the Pacific

Islands)

Martinique

conventional long form: Department of Martinique

conventional short form: Martinique

local long form: Departement de la Martinique

local short form: Martinique

Mauritania

conventional long form: Islamic Republic of Mauritania

conventional short form: Mauritania

local long form: Al Jumhuriyah al Islamiyah al Muritaniyah

local short form: Muritaniyah

Mauritius

conventional long form: Republic of Mauritius

conventional short form: Mauritius

Mayotte

conventional long form: Territorial Collectivity of Mayotte

conventional short form: Mayotte

Mexico

conventional long form: United Mexican States

conventional short form: Mexico

local long form: Estados Unidos Mexicanos

local short form: Mexico

Micronesia, Federated States of

conventional long form: Federated

States of Micronesia

conventional short form: none

former: Ponape, Truk, and Yap Districts (Trust Territory of the

Pacific Islands)

abbreviation: FSM

Midway Islands

conventional long form: none

conventional short form: Midway Islands

Moldova

conventional long form: Republic of Moldova

conventional short form: Moldova

local long form: Republica Moldova

local short form: none

former: Moldavian Soviet Socialist Republic; Moldovan Soviet

Socialist Republic

Monaco

conventional long form: Principality of Monaco

conventional short form: Monaco

local long form: Principaute de Monaco

local short form: Monaco

Mongolia

conventional long form: none

conventional short form: Mongolia

local long form: none

local short form: Mongol Uls

former: Outer Mongolia

Montserrat

conventional long form: none

conventional short form: Montserrat

Morocco

conventional long form: Kingdom of Morocco

conventional short form: Morocco

local long form: Al Mamlakah al Maghribiyah

local short form: Al Maghrib

Mozambique

conventional long form: Republic of Mozambique

conventional short form: Mozambique

local long form: Republica de Mocambique

local short form: Mocambique

former: Portuguese East Africa

Namibia

conventional long form: Republic of Namibia

conventional short form: Namibia

former: German Southwest Africa, South-West Africa

Nauru

conventional long form: Republic of Nauru

conventional short form: Nauru

former: Pleasant Island

Navassa Island

conventional long form: none

conventional short form: Navassa Island

Nepal

conventional long form: Kingdom of Nepal

conventional short form: Nepal

Netherlands

conventional long form: Kingdom of the Netherlands

conventional short form: Netherlands

local long form: Koninkrijk der Nederlanden

local short form: Nederland

Netherlands Antilles

conventional long form: none

conventional short form: Netherlands Antilles

local long form: none

local short form: Nederlandse Antillen

former: Curacao and Dependencies

New Caledonia

conventional long form: Territory of New Caledonia and

Dependencies

conventional short form: New Caledonia

local long form: Territoire des Nouvelle-Caledonie et Dependances

local short form: Nouvelle-Caledonie

New Zealand

conventional long form: none

conventional short form: New Zealand

abbreviation: NZ

Nicaragua

conventional long form: Republic of Nicaragua

conventional short form: Nicaragua

local long form: Republica de Nicaragua

local short form: Nicaragua

Niger

conventional long form: Republic of Niger

conventional short form: Niger

local long form: Republique du Niger

local short form: Niger

Nigeria

conventional long form: Federal Republic of Nigeria

conventional short form: Nigeria

Niue

conventional long form: none

conventional short form: Niue

former: Savage Island

Norfolk Island

conventional long form: Territory of Norfolk Island

conventional short form: Norfolk Island

Northern Mariana Islands

conventional long form: Commonwealth of the

Northern Mariana Islands

conventional short form: Northern Mariana Islands

former: Mariana Islands District (Trust Territory of the Pacific

Islands)

Norway

conventional long form: Kingdom of Norway

conventional short form: Norway

local long form: Kongeriket Norge

local short form: Norge

Oman

conventional long form: Sultanate of Oman

conventional short form: Oman

local long form: Saltanat Uman

local short form: Uman

former: Muscat and Oman

Pakistan

conventional long form: Islamic Republic of Pakistan

conventional short form: Pakistan

former: West Pakistan

Palau

conventional long form: Republic of Palau

conventional short form: Palau

local long form: Beluu er a Belau

local short form: Belau

former: Palau District (Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands)

Palmyra Atoll

conventional long form: none

conventional short form: Palmyra Atoll

Panama

conventional long form: Republic of Panama

conventional short form: Panama

local long form: Republica de Panama

local short form: Panama

Papua New Guinea

conventional long form: Independent State of Papua

New Guinea

conventional short form: Papua New Guinea

former: Territory of Papua and New Guinea

abbreviation: PNG

Paracel Islands

conventional long form: none

conventional short form: Paracel Islands

Paraguay

conventional long form: Republic of Paraguay

conventional short form: Paraguay

local long form: Republica del Paraguay

local short form: Paraguay

Peru

conventional long form: Republic of Peru

conventional short form: Peru

local long form: Republica del Peru

local short form: Peru

Philippines

conventional long form: Republic of the Philippines

conventional short form: Philippines

local long form: Republika ng Pilipinas

local short form: Pilipinas

Pitcairn Islands

conventional long form: Pitcairn, Henderson, Ducie,

and Oeno Islands

conventional short form: Pitcairn Islands

Poland

conventional long form: Republic of Poland

conventional short form: Poland

local long form: Rzeczpospolita Polska

local short form: Polska

Portugal

conventional long form: Portuguese Republic

conventional short form: Portugal

local long form: Republica Portuguesa

local short form: Portugal

Puerto Rico

conventional long form: Commonwealth of Puerto Rico

conventional short form: Puerto Rico

Qatar

conventional long form: State of Qatar

conventional short form: Qatar

local long form: Dawlat Qatar

local short form: Qatar

note: closest approximation of the native pronunciation falls

between cutter and gutter, but not like guitar

Reunion

conventional long form: Department of Reunion

conventional short form: Reunion

local long form: none

local short form: Ile de la Reunion

former: Bourbon Island

Romania

conventional long form: none

conventional short form: Romania

local long form: none

local short form: Romania

Russia

conventional long form: Russian Federation

conventional short form: Russia

local long form: Rossiyskaya Federatsiya

local short form: Rossiya

former: Russian Empire, Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic

Rwanda

conventional long form: Republic of Rwanda

conventional short form: Rwanda

local long form: Republika y'u Rwanda

local short form: Rwanda

former: Ruanda

Saint Helena

conventional long form: none

conventional short form: Saint Helena

Saint Kitts and Nevis

conventional long form: Federation of Saint

Kitts and Nevis

conventional short form: Saint Kitts and Nevis

former: Federation of Saint Christopher and Nevis

Saint Lucia

conventional long form: none

conventional short form: Saint Lucia

Saint Pierre and Miquelon

conventional long form: Territorial

Collectivity of Saint Pierre and Miquelon

conventional short form: Saint Pierre and Miquelon

local long form: Departement de Saint-Pierre et Miquelon

local short form: Saint-Pierre et Miquelon

Saint Vincent and the Grenadines

conventional long form: none

conventional short form: Saint Vincent and the Grenadines

Samoa

conventional long form: Independent State of Samoa

conventional short form: Samoa

former: Western Samoa

San Marino

conventional long form: Republic of San Marino

conventional short form: San Marino

local long form: Repubblica di San Marino

local short form: San Marino

Sao Tome and Principe

conventional long form: Democratic Republic of

Sao Tome and Principe

conventional short form: Sao Tome and Principe

local long form: Republica Democratica de Sao Tome e Principe

local short form: Sao Tome e Principe

Saudi Arabia

conventional long form: Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

conventional short form: Saudi Arabia

local long form: Al Mamlakah al Arabiyah as Suudiyah

local short form: Al Arabiyah as Suudiyah

Senegal

conventional long form: Republic of Senegal

conventional short form: Senegal

local long form: Republique du Senegal

local short form: Senegal

Serbia and Montenegro

conventional long form: Serbia and Montenegro

conventional short form: none

local long form: Srbija i Crna Gora

local short form: none

former: Federal Republic of Yugoslavia

abbreviation: SCG

Seychelles

conventional long form: Republic of Seychelles

conventional short form: Seychelles

Sierra Leone

conventional long form: Republic of Sierra Leone

conventional short form: Sierra Leone

Singapore

conventional long form: Republic of Singapore

conventional short form: Singapore

Slovakia

conventional long form: Slovak Republic

conventional short form: Slovakia

local long form: Slovenska Republika

local short form: Slovensko

Slovenia

conventional long form: Republic of Slovenia

conventional short form: Slovenia

local long form: Republika Slovenija

local short form: Slovenija

former: People's Republic of Slovenia, Socialist Republic of Slovenia

Solomon Islands

conventional long form: none

conventional short form: Solomon Islands

former: British Solomon Islands

Somalia

conventional long form: none

conventional short form: Somalia

former: Somali Republic, Somali Democratic Republic

South Africa

conventional long form: Republic of South Africa

conventional short form: South Africa

former: Union of South Africa

abbreviation: RSA

South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands

conventional long form:

South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands

conventional short form: none

Spain

conventional long form: Kingdom of Spain

conventional short form: Spain

local short form: Espana

Spratly Islands

conventional long form: none

conventional short form: Spratly Islands

Sri Lanka

conventional long form: Democratic Socialist Republic of

Sri Lanka

conventional short form: Sri Lanka

former: Serendib, Ceylon

Sudan

conventional long form: Republic of the Sudan

conventional short form: Sudan

local long form: Jumhuriyat as-Sudan

local short form: As-Sudan

former: Anglo-Egyptian Sudan

Suriname

conventional long form: Republic of Suriname

conventional short form: Suriname

local long form: Republiek Suriname

local short form: Suriname

former: Netherlands Guiana, Dutch Guiana

Svalbard

conventional long form: none

conventional short form: Svalbard (sometimes referred to as

Spitzbergen)

Swaziland

conventional long form: Kingdom of Swaziland

conventional short form: Swaziland

Sweden

conventional long form: Kingdom of Sweden

conventional short form: Sweden

local long form: Konungariket Sverige

local short form: Sverige

Switzerland

conventional long form: Swiss Confederation

conventional short form: Switzerland

local long form: Schweizerische Eidgenossenschaft (German),

Confederation Suisse (French), Confederazione Svizzera (Italian)

local short form: Schweiz (German), Suisse (French), Svizzera

(Italian)

Syria

conventional long form: Syrian Arab Republic

conventional short form: Syria

local long form: Al Jumhuriyah al Arabiyah as Suriyah

local short form: Suriyah

former: United Arab Republic (with Egypt)

Taiwan

conventional long form: none

conventional short form: Taiwan

local long form: none

local short form: T'ai-wan

former: Formosa

Tajikistan

conventional long form: Republic of Tajikistan

conventional short form: Tajikistan

local long form: Jumhurii Tojikiston

local short form: Tojikiston

former: Tajik Soviet Socialist Republic

Tanzania

conventional long form: United Republic of Tanzania

conventional short form: Tanzania

former: United Republic of Tanganyika and Zanzibar

Thailand

conventional long form: Kingdom of Thailand

conventional short form: Thailand

former: Siam

Togo

conventional long form: Togolese Republic

conventional short form: Togo

local long form: Republique Togolaise

local short form: none

former: French Togoland

Tokelau

conventional long form: none

conventional short form: Tokelau

Tonga

conventional long form: Kingdom of Tonga

conventional short form: Tonga

former: Friendly Islands

Trinidad and Tobago

conventional long form: Republic of Trinidad and

Tobago

conventional short form: Trinidad and Tobago

Tromelin Island

conventional long form: none

conventional short form: Tromelin Island

local long form: none

local short form: Ile Tromelin