red with a white disk in the center bearing a red crescent
nearly encircling a red five-pointed star; the crescent and star are
traditional symbols of Islam
Turkey
red with a vertical white crescent (the closed portion is
toward the hoist side) and white five-pointed star centered just
outside the crescent opening
Turkmenistan
green field with a vertical red stripe near the hoist
side, containing five carpet guls (designs used in producing rugs)
stacked above two crossed olive branches similar to the olive
branches on the UN flag; a white crescent moon and five white stars
appear in the upper corner of the field just to the fly side of the
red stripe
Turks and Caicos Islands
blue, with the flag of the UK in the upper
hoist-side quadrant and the colonial shield centered on the outer
half of the flag; the shield is yellow and contains a conch shell,
lobster, and cactus
Tuvalu
light blue with the flag of the UK in the upper hoist-side
quadrant; the outer half of the flag represents a map of the country
with nine yellow five-pointed stars symbolizing the nine islands
Uganda
six equal horizontal bands of black (top), yellow, red,
black, yellow, and red; a white disk is superimposed at the center
and depicts a red-crested crane (the national symbol) facing the
hoist side
Ukraine
two equal horizontal bands of azure (top) and golden yellow
represent grainfields under a blue sky
United Arab Emirates
three equal horizontal bands of green (top),
white, and black with a wider vertical red band on the hoist side
United Kingdom
blue field with the red cross of Saint George (patron
saint of England) edged in white superimposed on the diagonal red
cross of Saint Patrick (patron saint of Ireland), which is
superimposed on the diagonal white cross of Saint Andrew (patron
saint of Scotland); properly known as the Union Flag, but commonly
called the Union Jack; the design and colors (especially the Blue
Ensign) have been the basis for a number of other flags including
other Commonwealth countries and their constituent states or
provinces, as well as British overseas territories
United States
13 equal horizontal stripes of red (top and bottom)
alternating with white; there is a blue rectangle in the upper
hoist-side corner bearing 50 small, white, five-pointed stars
arranged in nine offset horizontal rows of six stars (top and
bottom) alternating with rows of five stars; the 50 stars represent
the 50 states, the 13 stripes represent the 13 original colonies;
known as Old Glory; the design and colors have been the basis for a
number of other flags, including Chile, Liberia, Malaysia, and
Puerto Rico
Uruguay
nine equal horizontal stripes of white (top and bottom)
alternating with blue; there is a white square in the upper
hoist-side corner with a yellow sun bearing a human face known as
the Sun of May and 16 rays alternately triangular and wavy
Uzbekistan
three equal horizontal bands of blue (top), white, and
green separated by red fimbriations with a white crescent moon and
12 white stars in the upper hoist-side quadrant
Vanuatu
two equal horizontal bands of red (top) and green with a
black isosceles triangle (based on the hoist side) all separated by
a black-edged yellow stripe in the shape of a horizontal Y (the two
points of the Y face the hoist side and enclose the triangle);
centered in the triangle is a boar's tusk encircling two crossed
namele leaves, all in yellow
Venezuela
three equal horizontal bands of yellow (top), blue, and
red with the coat of arms on the hoist side of the yellow band and
an arc of seven white five-pointed stars centered in the blue band
Vietnam
red with a large yellow five-pointed star in the center
Virgin Islands
white, with a modified US coat of arms in the center
between the large blue initials V and I; the coat of arms shows a
yellow eagle holding an olive branch in one talon and three arrows
in the other with a superimposed shield of vertical red and white
stripes below a blue panel
Wake Island
the flag of the US is used
Wallis and Futuna
a large white modified Maltese cross - shifted a
little off center toward the fly and slightly downward - on a red
background; the flag of France outlined in white on two sides is in
the upper hoist quadrant; the flag of France is used for official
occasions
Yemen
three equal horizontal bands of red (top), white, and black;
similar to the flag of Syria, which has two green stars and of Iraq
which has three green stars (plus an Arabic inscription) in a
horizontal line centered in the white band; also similar to the flag
of Egypt, which has a heraldic eagle centered in the white band
Zambia
green with a panel of three vertical bands of red (hoist
side), black, and orange below a soaring orange eagle, on the outer
edge of the flag
Zimbabwe
seven equal horizontal bands of green, yellow, red, black,
red, yellow, and green with a white isosceles triangle edged in
black with its base on the hoist side; a yellow Zimbabwe bird
representing the long history of the country is superimposed on a
red five-pointed star in the center of the triangle, which
symbolizes peace; green symbolizes agriculture, yellow - mineral
wealth, red - blood shed to achieve independence, and black stands
for the native people
This page was last updated on 20 October, 2005
======================================================================
@2085 Highways (km)
Afghanistan
total: 21,000 km
paved: 2,793 km
unpaved: 18,207 km (1999 est.)
Albania
total: 18,000 km
paved: 5,400 km
unpaved: 12,600 km (2002)
Algeria
total: 104,000 km
paved: 71,656 km (including 640 km of expressways)
unpaved: 32,344 km (1999)
American Samoa
total: 185 km
paved: 185 km
unpaved: 0 km (2004)
Andorra
total: 269 km
paved: 198 km
unpaved: 71 km
Angola
total: 51,429 km
paved: 5,328 km
unpaved: 46,101 km (2001)
Anguilla
total: 105 km
paved: 65 km
unpaved: 40 km (1997)
Antigua and Barbuda
total: 250 km (1999 est.)
Argentina
total: 215,471 km
paved: 63,348 km (including 734 km of expressways)
unpaved: 152,123 km (1999)
Armenia
total: 8,431 km
paved: 8,161 km (includes 7,567 km of expressways)
unpaved: 270 km (2002)
Aruba
total: 800 km
paved: 513 km
unpaved: 287 km
note: most coastal roads are paved, while unpaved roads serve large
tracts of the interior (1995)
Australia
total: 811,603 km
paved: 314,090 km (including 18,619 km of expressways)
unpaved: 497,513 km (1999 est.)
Austria
total: 200,000 km
paved: 200,000 km (including 1,645 km of expressways)
unpaved: 0 km (2002)
Azerbaijan
total: 28,030 km
paved: 25,890 km
unpaved: 2,130 km (2002)
Bahamas, The
total: 2,693 km
paved: 1,546 km
unpaved: 1,147 km (1999 est.)
Bahrain
total: 3,459 km
paved: 2,653 km
unpaved: 806 km (2002)
Bangladesh
total: 207,486 km
paved: 19,773 km
unpaved: 187,713 km (1999)
Barbados
total: 1,600 km
paved: 1,578 km
unpaved: 22 km (2002)
Belarus
total: 79,990 km
paved: 69,351 km
unpaved: 10,639 km (2002)
Belgium
total: 149,028 km
paved: 116,540 km (including 1,729 km of expressways)
unpaved: 32,488 km (2002)
Belize
total: 2,872 km
paved: 488 km
unpaved: 2,384 km (1999 est.)
Benin
total: 6,787 km
paved: 1,357 km (including 10 km of expressways)
unpaved: 5,430 km (1999 est.)
Bermuda
total: 450 km
paved: 450 km
unpaved: 0 km
note: public roads - 209 km; private roads - 241 km (2002)
Bhutan
total: 4,007 km
paved: 24 km
unpaved: 3,983 km (2002)
Bolivia
total: 60,282 km
paved: 3,979 km
unpaved: 56,303 km (2002)
Bosnia and Herzegovina
total: 21,846 km
paved: 11,424 km
unpaved: 10,422 km (1999 est.)
Botswana
total: 10,217 km
paved: 5,619 km
unpaved: 4,598 km (1999)
Brazil
total: 1,724,929 km
paved: 94,871 km
unpaved: 1,630,058 km (2000)
British Indian Ocean Territory
total: NA km
paved: short section of paved road between port and airfield on
Diego Garcia
unpaved: NA km
British Virgin Islands
total: 177 km
paved: 177 km
unpaved: 0 km (2000)
Brunei
total: 2,525 km
paved: 2,525 km
unpaved: 0 km (2000)
Bulgaria
total: 37,077 km
paved: 34,111 km (including 328 km of expressways)
unpaved: 2,966 km (2002)
Burkina Faso
total: 12,506 km
paved: 2,001 km
unpaved: 10,505 km (1999)
Burma
total: 28,200 km
paved: 3,440 km
unpaved: 24,760 km (1996 est.)
Burundi
total: 14,480 km
paved: 1,028 km
unpaved: 13,452 km (1999 est.)
Cambodia
total: 12,323 km
paved: 1,996 km
unpaved: 10,327 km (2000 est)
Cameroon
total: 34,300 km
paved: 4,288 km
unpaved: 30,012 km (1999 est.)
Canada
total: 1,408,800 km
paved: 497,306 km (including 16,900 km of expressways)
unpaved: 911,494 km (2002)
Cape Verde
total: 1,350 km
paved: 932 km
unpaved: 418 km (2000)
Cayman Islands
total: 785 km
paved: 785 km (2000)
Central African Republic
total: 23,810 km
paved: 643 km
unpaved: 23,167 km (1999 est.)
Chad
total: 33,400 km
paved: 267 km
unpaved: 33,133 km (1999 est.)
Chile
total: 79,605 km
paved: 16,080 km (including 407 km of expressways)
unpaved: 63,525 km (2001)
China
total: 1,765,222 km
paved: 395,410 km (with at least 25,130 km of expressways)
unpaved: 1,369,812 km (2002 est.)
Christmas Island
total: 240 km
paved: 30 km
unpaved: 210 km (2000)
Cocos (Keeling) Islands
total: 15 km
paved: NA km
unpaved: NA km (2003)
Colombia
total: 112,998 km
paved: 26,000 km
unpaved: 84,000 km (2000)
Comoros
total: 880 km
paved: 673 km
unpaved: 207 km (1999 est)
Congo, Democratic Republic of the
total: 157,000 km (including 30 km
of expressways)
paved: NA km
unpaved: NA km (1999 est.)
Congo, Republic of the
total: 12,800 km
paved: 1,242 km
unpaved: 11,558 km (1999 est.)
Cook Islands
total: 320 km
paved: 33 km
unpaved: 287 km (2000)
Costa Rica
total: 35,303 km
paved: 4,236 km
unpaved: 31,067 km (2002)
Cote d'Ivoire
total: 50,400 km
paved: 4,889 km
unpaved: 45,511 km (1999 est.)
Croatia
total: 28,344 km
paved: 23,979 km (including 455 km of expressways)
unpaved: 4,365 km (2002)
Cuba
total: 60,858 km
paved: 29,820 km (including 638 km of expressway)
unpaved: 31,038 km (1999 est.)
Cyprus
total: 13,943 km (Republic of Cyprus: 11,593 km; north
Cyprus: 2,350 km)
paved: Republic of Cyprus: 7,211 km; north Cyprus: 1,370 km
unpaved: Republic of Cyprus: 4,382 km; north Cyprus: 980 km
(2002/1996 est.)
Czech Republic
total: 127,204 km
paved: 127,204 km (including 518 km of expressways)
unpaved: 0 km (2002)
Denmark
total: 71,847 km
paved: 71,847 km (including 918 km of expressways)
unpaved: 0 km (2002)
Djibouti
total: 2,890 km
paved: 364 km
unpaved: 2,526 km (1999 est.)
Dominica
total: 780 km
paved: 393 km
unpaved: 387 km (1999 est.)
Dominican Republic
total: 12,600 km
paved: 6,224 km
unpaved: 6,376 km (1999)
East Timor
total: 3,800 km
paved: 428 km
unpaved: 3,372 km (1995)
Ecuador
total: 43,197 km
paved: 8,164 km
unpaved: 35,033 km (2002)
Egypt
total: 64,000 km
paved: 49,984 km
unpaved: 14,016 km (1999 est.)
El Salvador
total: 10,029 km
paved: 1,986 km (including 327 km of expressways)
unpaved: 8,043 km (1999 est.)
Equatorial Guinea
total: 2,880 km (1999 est.)
Eritrea
total: 4,010 km
paved: 874 km
unpaved: 3,136 km (1999 est.)
Estonia
total: 55,944 km
paved: 13,874 km (including 99 km of expressways)
unpaved: 42,070 km (2002)
Ethiopia
total: 33,297 km
paved: 3,996 km
unpaved: 29,301 km (2002)
European Union
total: 4,634,810 km (including 56,704 km of
expressways)
paved: 4,161,318 km
unpaved: 473,492 km (1999-2000)
Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas)
total: 440 km
paved: 50 km
unpaved: 390 km (2002)
Faroe Islands
total: 463 km
paved: 454 km
unpaved: 9 km (1999)
Fiji
total: 3,440 km
paved: 1,692 km
unpaved: 1,748 km (1999 est.)
Finland
total: 78,197 km
paved: 50,539 km (including 794 km of expressways)
unpaved: 27,658 km (2004)
France
total: 893,100 km
paved: 893,100 km (including 12,000 km of expressways)
unpaved: 0 km (2002)
French Guiana
total: 817 km (1998)
French Polynesia
total: 2,590 km
paved: 1,735 km
unpaved: 855 km (1999)
Gabon
total: 8,464 km
paved: 838 km
unpaved: 7,626 km (2000 est.)
Gambia, The
total: 2,700 km
paved: 956 km
unpaved: 1,744 km (1999)
Gaza Strip
total: NA km
paved: NA km
unpaved: NA km
note: small, poorly developed road network
Georgia
total: 20,229 km
paved: 18,914 km
unpaved: 1,315 km (2002)
Germany
total: 230,735 km
paved: 230,735 km (including 11,515 km of expressways)
unpaved: 0 km (1999)
Ghana
total: 46,176 km
paved: 8,496 km
unpaved: 37,679 km (1999 est.)
Gibraltar
total: 29 km
paved: 29 km
unpaved: 0 km (2002)
Greece
total: 117,000 km
paved: 107,406 km (including 470 km of expressways)
unpaved: 9,594 km (1999 est.)
Greenland
total: NA (there are no roads between towns) (2003)
Grenada
total: 1,040 km
paved: 638 km
unpaved: 402 km (1999 est.)
Guadeloupe
total: 947 km (2002)
Guam
total: 977 km
paved: 962 km
unpaved: 15 km (2004)
Guatemala
total: 14,118 km
paved: 4,871 km (including 74 km of expressways)
unpaved: 9,247 km (1999)
Guernsey
total: NA km
paved: NA km
unpaved: NA km
Guinea
total: 30,500 km
paved: 5,033 km
unpaved: 25,467 km (1999 est.)
Guinea-Bissau
total: 4,400 km
paved: 453 km
unpaved: 3,947 km (1999 est.)
Guyana
total: 7,970 km
paved: 590 km
unpaved: 7,380 km (1999 est.)
Haiti
total: 4,160 km
paved: 1,011 km
unpaved: 3,149 km (1999 est.)
Holy See (Vatican City)
none; all city streets
Honduras
total: 13,603 km
paved: 2,775 km
unpaved: 10,828 km (1999 est.)
Hong Kong
total: 1,831 km
paved: 1,831 km
unpaved: 0 km (1999 est.)
Hungary
total: 159,568 km
paved: 70,050 km (including 533 km of expressways)
unpaved: 89,518 km (2002)
Iceland
total: 13,004 km
paved/oiled gravel: 4,331 km
unpaved: 8,673 km (2004)
India
total: 2,525,989 km
paved: 1,448,655 km
unpaved: 1,077,334 km (1999)
Indonesia
total: 342,700 km
paved: 158,670 km
unpaved: 184,030 km (1999 est.)
Iran
total: 167,157 km
paved: 94,109 km (including 890 km of expressways)
unpaved: 73,048 km (1998)
Iraq
total: 45,550 km
paved: 38,399 km
unpaved: 7,151 km (1999)
Ireland
total: 95,736 km
paved: 95,736 km (including 125 km of expressways)
unpaved: 0 km (2002)
Israel
total: 16,903 km
paved: 16,903 km (including 56 km of expressways)
unpaved: 0 km (2002)
Italy
total: 479,688 km
paved: 479,688 km (including 6,621 km of expressways)
unpaved: 0 km (1999)
Jamaica
total: 18,700 km
paved: 13,109 km
unpaved: 5,591 km (1999 est.)
Japan
total: 1,171,647 km
paved: 903,340 km (including 6,851 km of expressways)
unpaved: 268,307 km (2001)
Jersey
total: 577 km
paved: NA km
unpaved: NA km
Jordan
total: 7,301 km
paved: 7,301 km
unpaved: 0 km (2002)
Kazakhstan
total: 82,980 km
paved: 77,918 km
unpaved: 5,062 km (2002)
Kenya
total: 63,942 km
paved: 7,737 km
unpaved: 56,205 km (2000)
Kiribati
total: 670 km
paved: NA km
unpaved: NA km (1999 est.)
Korea, North
total: 31,200 km
paved: 1,997 km
unpaved: 29,203 km (1999 est.)
Korea, South
total: 86,990 km
paved: 66,721 km (including 1,996 km of expressways)
unpaved: 20,269 km (2001)
Kuwait
total: 4,450 km
paved: 3,587 km
unpaved: 863 km (1999 est.)
Kyrgyzstan
total: 18,500 km
paved: 16,854 km (including 140 km of expressways)
unpaved: 1,646 km (1999 est.)
Laos
total: 21,716 km
paved: 9,664 km
unpaved: 12,052 km (1999 est.)
Latvia
total: 60,472 km
paved: 57,206 km
unpaved: 3,265 km (2002)
Lebanon
total: 7,300 km
paved: 6,198 km
unpaved: 1,102 km (1999 est.)
Lesotho
total: 5,940 km
paved: 1,087 km
unpaved: 4,853 km (1999)
Liberia
total: 10,600 km
paved: 657 km
unpaved: 9,943 km (1999 est.)
Libya
total: 83,200 km
paved: 47,590 km
unpaved: 35,610 km (1999 est.)
Liechtenstein
total: 250 km
paved: 250 km
unpaved: 0 km
Lithuania
total: 77,148 km
paved: 69,202 km (including 417 km of expressways)
unpaved: 7,946 km (2002)
Luxembourg
total: 5,210 km
paved: 5,210 km (including 126 km of expressways)
unpaved: 0 km (2002)
Macau
total: 341 km
paved: 341 km
unpaved: 0 km (2002)
Macedonia
total: 8,684 km
paved: 5,540 km (including 133 km of expressways)
unpaved: 3,144 km (1999 est.)
Madagascar
total: 49,827 km
paved: 5,780 km
unpaved: 44,047 km (1999 est.)
Malawi
total: 28,400 km
paved: 5,254 km
unpaved: 23,146 km (1999 est.)
Malaysia
total: 65,877 km
paved: 51,318 km
unpaved: 14,559 km (2001)
Maldives
total: NA km
paved: NA km
unpaved: NA km
Mali
total: 15,100 km
paved: 1,827 km
unpaved: 13,273 km (1999 est.)
Malta
total: 2,222 km
paved: 2,000 km
unpaved: 222 km (2002)
Man, Isle of
total: 800 km
paved: 800 km
unpaved: 0 km (1999)
Marshall Islands
total: 64.5 km
paved: 64.5 km
unpaved: NA km
note: paved roads on major islands (Majuro, Kwajalein), otherwise
stone-, coral-, or laterite-surfaced roads and tracks (2002)
Martinique
total: 2,105 km (2000)
Mauritania
total: 7,660 km
paved: 866 km
unpaved: 6,794 km (1999 est.)
Mauritius
total: 2,000 km
paved: 1,960 km (including 60 km of expressways)
unpaved: 40 km (2002)
Mayotte
total: 93 km
paved: 72 km
unpaved: 21 km
Mexico
total: 329,532 km
paved: 108,087 km (including 6,429 km of expressways)
unpaved: 221,445 km (1999 est.)
Micronesia, Federated States of
total: 240 km
paved: 42 km
unpaved: 198 km (1999 est.)
Midway Islands
total: NA km
paved: NA km
unpaved: NA km
Moldova
total: 12,719 km
paved: 10,977 km
unpaved: 1,742 km (2002)
Monaco
total: 50 km
paved: 50 km
unpaved: 0 km (1999 est.)
Mongolia
total: 49,256 km
paved: 8,874 km
unpaved: 40,376 km (2002)
Montserrat
total: 227 km
paved: NA km
unpaved: NA km
note: volcanic eruptions beginning in 1995 destroyed most of the
road system (2003)
Morocco
total: 57,694 km
paved: 32,551 km (including 481 km of expressways)
unpaved: 25,143 km (2002)
Mozambique
total: 30,400 km
paved: 5,685 km
unpaved: 24,715 km (1999 est.)
Namibia
total: 42,237 km
paved: 5,406 km
unpaved: 36,831 km (2002)
Nauru
total: 30 km
paved: 24 km
unpaved: 6 km (1999 est.)
Nepal
total: 13,223 km
paved: 4,073 km
unpaved: 9,150 km (1999 est.)
Netherlands
total: 116,500 km
paved: 104,850 km (including 2,235 km of expressways)
unpaved: 11,650 km (1999)
Netherlands Antilles
total: 600 km
paved: 300 km
unpaved: 300 km
New Caledonia
total: 5,432 km (2000)
New Zealand
total: 92,382 km
paved: 59,124 km (including at least 169 km of expressways)
unpaved: 33,258 km (2002)
Nicaragua
total: 18,712 km
paved: 2,126 km
unpaved: 16,586 km (2002)
Niger
total: 10,100 km
paved: 798 km
unpaved: 9,302 km (1999 est.)
Nigeria
total: 194,394 km
paved: 60,068 km (including 1,194 km of expressways)
unpaved: 134,326 km (1999 est.)
Niue
total: 234 km
paved: 86 km
unpaved: 148 km (2001)
Norfolk Island
total: 80 km
paved: 53 km
unpaved: 27 km (2001)
Northern Mariana Islands
total: 362 km
paved: NA km
unpaved: NA km (1991)
Norway
total: 91,852 km
paved: 71,185 km (including 178 km of expressways)
unpaved: 20,667 km (2002)
Oman
total: 34,965 km
paved: 9,673 km (including 550 km of expressways)
unpaved: 25,292 km (2001)
Pakistan
total: 257,683 km
paved: 152,033 km (including 339 km of expressways)
unpaved: 105,650 km (2001)
Palau
total: 61 km
paved: 36 km
unpaved: 25 km
Palmyra Atoll
most of the roads and many causeways built during
World War II are unserviceable and overgrown (2001)
Panama
total: 11,643 km
paved: 4,028 km (including 30 km of expressways)
unpaved: 7,615 km (2000 est.)
Papua New Guinea
total: 19,600 km
paved: 686 km
unpaved: 18,914 km (1999 est.)
Paraguay
total: 29,500 km
paved: 14,986 km
unpaved: 14,514 km (1999 est)
Peru
total: 78,230 km
paved: 10,452 km
unpaved: 67,778 km (2001)
Philippines
total: 202,124 km
paved: 19,202 km
unpaved: 182,922 km (2002)
Pitcairn Islands
total: 6.4 km
paved: 0 km
unpaved: 6.4 km
Poland
total: 364,697 km
paved: 249,088 km (including 399 km of expressways)
unpaved: 115,609 km (2001)
Portugal
total: 17,135 km
paved: 14,736 km (including 1,659 km of expressways)
unpaved: 2,399 km (2002)
Puerto Rico
total: 25,328 km
paved: 23,665 km (including 426 km of expressways)
unpaved: 1,363 km (2004)
Qatar
total: 1,230 km
paved: 1,107 km
unpaved: 123 km (1999 est.)
Reunion
total: 1,214 km (including 88 km of four-lane roads) (2001)
Romania
total: 198,755 km
paved: 100,173 km (including 113 km of expressways)
unpaved: 98,582 km (2002)
Russia
total: 537,289 km
paved: 362,133 km
unpaved: 175,156 km (2001)
Rwanda
total: 12,000 km
paved: 996 km
unpaved: 11,004 km (1999 est.)
Saint Helena
total: 198 km (Saint Helena 138 km, Ascension 40 km,
Tristan da Cunha 20 km)
paved: 168 km (Saint Helena 118km, Ascension 40 km, Tristan da Cunha
10 km)
unpaved: 30 km (Saint Helena 20 km, Ascension 0 km, Tristan da Cunha
10 km) (2000)
Saint Kitts and Nevis
total: 320 km
paved: 136 km
unpaved: 184 km (1999 est)
Saint Lucia
total: 1,210 km
paved: 63 km
unpaved: 1,147 km (1999 est.)
Saint Pierre and Miquelon
total: 114 km
paved: 69 km
unpaved: 45 km
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
total: 829 km
paved: 580 km
unpaved: 249 km (2002)
Samoa
total: 790 km
paved: 332 km
unpaved: 458 km (1999 est.)
San Marino
total: 220 km
paved: 220 km
unpaved: 0 km (2001)
Sao Tome and Principe
total: 320 km
paved: 218 km
unpaved: 102 km (1999 est.)
Saudi Arabia
total: 152,044 km
paved: 45,461 km
unpaved: 106,583 km (2000)
Senegal
total: 14,576 km
paved: 4,271 km including 7 km of expressways
unpaved: 10,305 km (2000)
Serbia and Montenegro
total: 45,290 km
paved: 28,261 km (including 374 km of expressways)
unpaved: 17,029 km (2002)
Seychelles
total: 373 km
paved: 315 km
unpaved: 58 km (1997 est.)
Sierra Leone
total: 11,300 km
paved: 904 km
unpaved: 10,396 km (2002)
Singapore
total: 3,130 km
paved: 3,130 km (including 150 km of expressways)
unpaved: 0 km (2002)
Slovakia
total: 42,970 km
paved: 37,698 km (including 302 km of expressways)
unpaved: 5,272 km (2002)
Slovenia
total: 20,250 km
paved: 20,250 km (including 456 km of expressways)
unpaved: 0 km (2002)
Solomon Islands
total: 1,360 km
paved: 34 km
unpaved: 1,326 km (1999 est.)
Somalia
total: 22,100 km
paved: 2,608 km
unpaved: 19,492 km (1999 est.)
South Africa
total: 275,971 km
paved: 57,568 km (including 2,032 km of expressways)
unpaved: 218,403 km (2002)
Spain
total: 664,852 km
paved: 658,203 km (including 11,152 km of expressways)
unpaved: 6,649 km (2001)
Sri Lanka
total: 11,650 km
paved: 11,068 km
unpaved: 582 km (2002)
Sudan
total: 11,900 km
paved: 4,320 km
unpaved: 7,580 km (1999 est.)
Suriname
total: 4,492 km
paved: 1,168 km
unpaved: 3,324 km (2002)
Svalbard
total: NA km
paved: NA km
unpaved: NA km
Swaziland
total: 3,107 km
paved: NA
unpaved: NA (2000)
Sweden
total: 213,237 km
paved: 167,604 km (including 1,542 km of expressways)
unpaved: 45,633 km (2002)
Switzerland
total: 71,212 km
paved: 71,212 km (including 1,706 of expressways)
unpaved: 0 km (2002)
Syria
total: 45,697 km
paved: 6,489 km (including 1,001 km of expressways)
unpaved: 39,208 km (2002)
Taiwan
total: 37,299 km
paved: 35,621 km (including 608 km of expressways)
unpaved: 1,678 km (2002)
Tajikistan
total: 27,767 km
paved: NA
unpaved: NA (2000)
Tanzania
total: 88,200 km
paved: 3,704 km
unpaved: 84,496 km (1999 est.)
Thailand
total: 57,403 km
paved: 56,542 km
unpaved: 861 km (2000 est.)
Togo
total: 7,520 km
paved: 2,376 km
unpaved: 5,144 km (1999 est.)
Tokelau
total: NA
paved: NA
unpaved: NA
Tonga
total: 680 km
paved: 184 km
unpaved: 496 km (1999 est.)
Trinidad and Tobago
total: 8,320 km
paved: 4,252 km
unpaved: 4,068 km (1999 est.)
Tunisia
total: 18,997 km
paved: 12,424 km (including 142 km of expressways)
unpaved: 6,573 km (2001)
Turkey
total: 354,421 km
paved: 147,404 km (including 1,851 km of expressways)
unpaved: 207,017 km (2002)
Turkmenistan
total: 24,000 km
paved: 19,488 km
unpaved: 4,512 km (1999 est.)
Turks and Caicos Islands
total: 121 km
paved: 24 km
unpaved: 97 km (2000)
Tuvalu
total: 8 km
paved: 0 km
unpaved: 8 km (1999 est.)
Uganda
total: 27,000 km
paved: 1,809 km
unpaved: 25,191 km (1999 est.)
Ukraine
total: 169,679 km
paved: 164,249 km
unpaved: 5,430 km (2002)
United Arab Emirates
total: 1,088 km
paved: 1,088 km (including 253 km of expressways)
unpaved: 0 km (1999 est.)
United Kingdom
total: 392,931 km
paved: 392,931 km (including 3,431 km of expressways)
unpaved: 0 km (2003)
United States
total: 6,393,603 km
paved: 4,180,053 km (including 74,406 km of expressways)
unpaved: 2,213,550 km (2003)
Uruguay
total: 8,983 km
paved: 8,081 km
unpaved: 902 km (1999 est.)
Uzbekistan
total: 81,600 km
paved: 71,237 km
unpaved: 10,363 km (1999 est.)
Vanuatu
total: 1,070 km
paved: 256 km
unpaved: 814 km (1999 est.)
Venezuela
total: 96,155 km
paved: 32,308 km
unpaved: 63,847 km (1999 est.)
Vietnam
total: 93,300 km
paved: 23,418 km
unpaved: 69,882 km (1999 est.)
Virgin Islands
total: 1,257 km
paved: 1,192 km
unpaved: 65 km
note: the only US possession where driving on the left side of the
road is practiced (2003)
Wallis and Futuna
total: 120 km (Ile Uvea 100 km, Ile Futuna 20 km)
paved: 16 km (all on Ile Uvea)
unpaved: 104 km (Ile Uvea 84 km, Ile Futuna 20 km)
West Bank
total: 4,500 km
paved: 2,700 km
unpaved: 1,800 km
note: Israelis have developed many highways to service Jewish
settlements (1997 est.)
Western Sahara
total: 6,200 km
paved: 1,350 km
unpaved: 4,850 km (1991 est)
World
total: 32,345,165 km
paved: 19,403,061 km
unpaved: 12,942,104 km (2002)
Yemen
total: 67,000 km
paved: 7,705 km
unpaved: 59,295 km (1999 est.)
Zambia
total: 91,440 km
paved: 20,117 km
unpaved: 71,323 km (2001)
Zimbabwe
total: 18,338 km
paved: 8,692 km
unpaved: 9,646 km (1999 est.)
This page was last updated on 20 October, 2005
======================================================================
@2086 Illicit drugs
Afghanistan
world's largest producer of opium; cultivation of opium
poppy reached unprecedented level of 206,700 hectares in 2004;
counterdrug efforts largely unsuccessful; potential opium production
of 4,950 metric tons; potential heroin production of 582 metric tons
if all opium was processed; source of hashish; many
narcotics-processing labs throughout the country; drug trade source
of instability and some antigovernment groups profit from the trade;
80-90% of the heroin consumed in Europe comes from Afghan opium;
vulnerable to narcotics money laundering through informal financial
networks
Albania
increasingly active transshipment point for Southwest Asian
opiates, hashish, and cannabis transiting the Balkan route and - to
a far lesser extent - cocaine from South America destined for
Western Europe; limited opium and growing cannabis production;
ethnic Albanian narcotrafficking organizations active and expanding
in Europe; vulnerable to money laundering associated with regional
trafficking in narcotics, arms, contraband, and illegal aliens
Angola
used as a transshipment point for cocaine destined for
Western Europe and other African states
Anguilla
transshipment point for South American narcotics destined
for the US and Europe
Antigua and Barbuda
considered a minor transshipment point for
narcotics bound for the US and Europe; more significant as an
offshore financial center
Argentina
used as a transshipment country for cocaine headed for
Europe and the US; some money-laundering activity, especially in the
Tri-Border Area; domestic consumption of drugs in urban centers is
increasing
Armenia
illicit cultivation of small amount of cannabis for domestic
consumption; used as a transit point for illicit drugs - mostly
opium and hashish - moving from Southwest Asia to Russia and to a
lesser extent the rest of Europe
Aruba
transit point for US- and Europe-bound narcotics with some
accompanying money-laundering activity
Australia
Tasmania is one of the world's major suppliers of licit
opiate products; government maintains strict controls over areas of
opium poppy cultivation and output of poppy straw concentrate
Austria
transshipment point for Southwest Asian heroin and South
American cocaine destined for Western Europe
Azerbaijan
limited illicit cultivation of cannabis and opium poppy,
mostly for CIS consumption; small government eradication program;
transit point for Southwest Asian opiates bound for Russia and to a
lesser extent the rest of Europe
Bahamas, The
transshipment point for cocaine and marijuana bound for
US and Europe; offshore financial center
Bangladesh
transit country for illegal drugs produced in neighboring
countries
Barbados
one of many Caribbean transshipment points for narcotics
bound for Europe and the US; offshore financial center
Belarus
limited cultivation of opium poppy and cannabis, mostly for
the domestic market; transshipment point for illicit drugs to and
via Russia, and to the Baltics and Western Europe; a small and
lightly regulated financial center; new anti-money-laundering
legislation does not meet international standards; few
investigations or prosecutions of money-laundering activities
Belgium
growing producer of synthetic drugs; transit point for
US-bound ecstasy; source of precursor chemicals for South American
cocaine processors; transshipment point for cocaine, heroin,
hashish, and marijuana entering Western Europe; despite a
strengthening of legislation, the country remains vulnerable to
money laundering related to narcotics, automobiles, alcohol, and
tobacco
Belize
major transshipment point for cocaine; small-scale illicit
producer of cannabis for the international drug trade;
money-laundering activity related to narcotics trafficking and
offshore sector
Benin
transshipment point for narcotics associated with Nigerian
trafficking organizations and most commonly destined for Western
Europe and the US; vulnerable to money laundering due to a poorly
regulated financial infrastructure
Bolivia
world's third-largest cultivator of coca (after Colombia and
Peru) with an estimated 28,450 hectares under cultivation in June
2003, a 23% increase from June 2002; intermediate coca products and
cocaine exported mostly to or through Brazil, Argentina, and Chile
to European and US drug markets; eradication and alternative crop
programs under the MESA administration have been unable to keep pace
with farmers' attempts to increase cultivation; money-laundering
activity related to narcotics trade, especially along the borders
with Brazil and Paraguay
Bosnia and Herzegovina
minor transit point for marijuana and opiate
trafficking routes to Western Europe; remains highly vulnerable to
money-laundering activity given a primarily cash-based and
unregulated economy, weak law enforcement and instances of corruption
Brazil
illicit producer of cannabis; minor coca cultivation in the
Amazon region, used for domestic consumption; government has a
large-scale eradication program to control cannabis; important
transshipment country for Bolivian, Colombian, and Peruvian cocaine
headed for Europe and the US; also used by traffickers as a way
station for narcotics air transshipments between Peru and Colombia;
upsurge in drug-related violence and weapons smuggling; important
market for Colombian, Bolivian, and Peruvian cocaine; illicit
narcotics proceeds earned in Brazil are often laundered through the
financial system; significant illicit financial activity in the
Tri-Border Area
British Virgin Islands
transshipment point for South American
narcotics destined for the US and Europe; large offshore financial
center makes it vulnerable to money laundering
Brunei
drug trafficking and illegally importing controlled
substances are serious offenses in Brunei and carry a mandatory
death penalty
Bulgaria
major European transshipment point for Southwest Asian
heroin and, to a lesser degree, South American cocaine for the
European market; limited producer of precursor chemicals; some money
laundering of drug-related proceeds through financial institutions
Burma
remains world's second largest producer of illicit opium
(estimated production in 2004 - 292 metric tons, down 40% from 2003
due to eradication efforts and drought; cultivation in 2004 - 30,900
hectares, a 34% decline from 2003); lack of government will and
ability to take on major narcotrafficking groups and lack of serious
commitment against money laundering continues to hinder the overall
antidrug effort; major source of methamphetamine and heroin for
regional consumption; currently under Financial Action Task Force
countermeasures due to continued failure to address its inadequate
money-laundering controls (2005)
Cambodia
narcotics-related corruption reportedly involving some in
the government, military, and police; possible small-scale opium,
heroin, and amphetamine production; large producer of cannabis for
the international market; vulnerable to money laundering due to its
cash-based economy and porous borders
Canada
illicit producer of cannabis for the domestic drug market and
export to US; use of hydroponics technology permits growers to plant
large quantities of high-quality marijuana indoors; transit point
for heroin and cocaine entering the US market; vulnerable to
narcotics money laundering because of its mature financial services
sector
Cape Verde
used as a transshipment point for illicit drugs moving
from Latin America and Asia destined for Western Europe; the lack of
a well-developed financial system limits the country's utility as a
money-laundering center
Cayman Islands
offshore financial center; vulnerable to drug
transshipment to the US and Europe
Chile
important transshipment country for cocaine destined for
Europe and the US; economic prosperity and increasing trade have
made Chile more attractive to traffickers seeking to launder drug
profits, especially through the Iquique Free Trade Zone, but a new
anti-money-laundering law improves controls; imported precursors
passed on to Bolivia; domestic cocaine consumption is rising
China
major transshipment point for heroin produced in the Golden
Triangle; growing domestic drug abuse problem; source country for
chemical precursors and methamphetamine
Colombia
illicit producer of coca, opium poppy, and cannabis;
world's leading coca cultivator (cultivation of coca in 2002 was
144,450 hectares, a 15% decline since 2001); potential production of
opium between 2001 and 2002 declined by 25% to 91 metric tons;
potential production of heroin declined to 11.3 metric tons; the
world's largest processor of coca derivatives into cocaine; supplier
of about 90% of the cocaine to the US market and the great majority
of cocaine to other international drug markets; important supplier
of heroin to the US market; active aerial eradication program; a
significant portion of non-US narcotics proceeds are either
laundered or invested in Colombia through the black market peso
exchange
Congo, Democratic Republic of the
illicit producer of cannabis,
mostly for domestic consumption; while rampant corruption and
inadequate supervision leaves the banking system vulnerable to money
laundering, the lack of a well-developed financial system limits the
country's utility as a money-laundering center
Costa Rica
transshipment country for cocaine and heroin from South
America; illicit production of cannabis on small, scattered plots;
domestic cocaine consumption, particularly crack cocaine, is rising
Cote d'Ivoire
illicit producer of cannabis, mostly for local
consumption; transshipment point for Southwest and Southeast Asian
heroin to Europe and occasionally to the US, and for Latin American
cocaine destined for Europe and South Africa; while rampant
corruption and inadequate supervision leave the banking system
vulnerable to money laundering, the lack of a developed financial
system limits the country's utility as a major money-laundering
center
Croatia
transit point along the Balkan route for Southwest Asian
heroin to Western Europe; has been used as a transit point for
maritime shipments of South American cocaine bound for Western Europe
Cuba
territorial waters and air space serve as transshipment zone
primarily for marijuana bound for North America; established the
death penalty for certain drug-related crimes in 1999
Cyprus
minor transit point for heroin and hashish via air routes and
container traffic to Europe, especially from Lebanon and Turkey;
some cocaine transits as well; despite a strengthening of
anti-money-laundering legislation, remains highly vulnerable to
money laundering; identification of benefiting owners and reporting
of suspicious transactions by nonresident-controlled companies in
offshore sector remains weak
Czech Republic
transshipment point for Southwest Asian heroin and
minor transit point for Latin American cocaine to Western Europe;
producer of synthetic drugs for local and regional markets;
susceptible to money laundering related to drug trafficking,
organized crime
Dominica
transshipment point for narcotics bound for the US and
Europe; minor cannabis producer; anti-money-laundering enforcement
is weak, making the country particularly vulnerable to money
laundering
Dominican Republic
transshipment point for South American drugs
destined for the US and Europe; has become a transshipment point for
ecstasy from the Netherlands and Belgium destined for US and Canada;
substantial money-laundering activity; Colombian narcotics
traffickers favor the Dominican Republic for illicit financial
transactions
East Timor
NA
Ecuador
significant transit country for cocaine originating in
Colombia and Peru; importer of precursor chemicals used in
production of illicit narcotics; attractive location for
cash-placement by drug traffickers laundering money because of
dollarization and weak anti-money-laundering regime, especially
vulnerable along the border with Colombia; increased activity on the
northern frontier by trafficking groups and Colombian insurgents
Egypt
transit point for Southwest Asian and Southeast Asian heroin
and opium moving to Europe, Africa, and the US; transit stop for
Nigerian couriers; concern as money-laundering site due to lax
financial regulations and enforcement
El Salvador
transshipment point for cocaine; small amounts of
marijuana produced for local consumption; domestic cocaine abuse on
the rise
Estonia
transshipment point for opiates and cannabis from Southwest
Asia and the Caucasus via Russia, cocaine from Latin America to
Western Europe and Scandinavia, and synthetic drugs from Western
Europe to Scandinavia; increasing domestic drug abuse problem;
possible precursor manufacturing and/or trafficking; potential money
laundering related to organized crime and drug trafficking is a
concern as is possible use of the gambling sector to launder funds
Ethiopia
Transit hub for heroin originating in Southwest and
Southeast Asia and destined for Europe and North America as well as
cocaine destined for markets in southern Africa; cultivates qat
(khat) for local use and regional export, principally to Djibouti
and Somalia (legal in all three countries); the lack of a
well-developed financial system limits the country's utility as a
money-laundering center
France
transshipment point for and consumer of South American
cocaine, Southwest Asian heroin, and European synthetics
French Guiana
small amount of marijuana grown for local consumption;
minor transshipment point to Europe
Georgia
limited cultivation of cannabis and opium poppy, mostly for
domestic consumption; used as transshipment point for opiates via
Central Asia to Western Europe and Russia
Germany
source of precursor chemicals for South American cocaine
processors; transshipment point for and consumer of Southwest Asian
heroin, Latin American cocaine, and European-produced synthetic
drugs; major financial center
Ghana
illicit producer of cannabis for the international drug trade;
major transit hub for Southwest and Southeast Asian heroin and, to a
lesser extent, South American cocaine destined for Europe and the
US; widespread crime and money laundering problem, but the lack of a
well-developed financial infrastructure limits the country's utility
as a money-laundering center
Greece
a gateway to Europe for traffickers smuggling cannabis and
heroin from the Middle East and Southwest Asia to the West and
precursor chemicals to the East; some South American cocaine
transits or is consumed in Greece; money laundering related to drug
trafficking and organized crime
Grenada
small-scale cannabis cultivation; lesser transshipment point
for marijuana and cocaine to US
Guatemala
major transit country for cocaine and heroin; minor
producer of illicit opium poppy and cannabis for mostly domestic
consumption; proximity to Mexico makes Guatemala a major staging
area for drugs (particularly for cocaine); money laundering is a
serious problem; corruption is a major problem; remains on Financial
Action Task Force Non-Cooperative Countries and Territories List for
continued failure to address deficiencies in money-laundering
control regime
Guyana
transshipment point for narcotics from South America -
primarily Venezuela - to Europe and the US; producer of cannabis
Haiti
major Caribbean transshipment point for cocaine en route to
the US and Europe; substantial money-laundering activity; Colombian
narcotics traffickers favor Haiti for illicit financial
transactions; pervasive corruption
Honduras
transshipment point for drugs and narcotics; illicit
producer of cannabis, cultivated on small plots and used principally
for local consumption; corruption is a major problem; some
money-laundering activity
Hong Kong
makes strenuous law enforcement efforts, but faces
difficult challenges in controlling transit of heroin and
methamphetamine to regional and world markets; modern banking system
provides conduit for money laundering; rising indigenous use of
synthetic drugs, especially among young people
Hungary
transshipment point for Southwest Asian heroin and cannabis
and for South American cocaine destined for Western Europe; limited
producer of precursor chemicals, particularly for amphetamine and
methamphetamine; improving, but remains vulnerable to money
laundering related to organized crime and drug trafficking
India
world's largest producer of licit opium for the pharmaceutical
trade, but an undetermined quantity of opium is diverted to illicit
international drug markets; transit point for illicit narcotics
produced in neighboring countries; illicit producer of methaqualone;
vulnerable to narcotics money laundering through the hawala system
Indonesia
illicit producer of cannabis largely for domestic use;
possible growing role as transshipment point for Golden Triangle
heroin
Iran
despite substantial interdiction efforts, Iran remains a key
transshipment point for Southwest Asian heroin to Europe; domestic
narcotics consumption remains a persistent problem and according to
official Iranian statistics there are at least two million drug
users in the country; lax anti-money-laundering regulations
Ireland
transshipment point for and consumer of hashish from North
Africa to the UK and Netherlands and of European-produced synthetic
drugs; minor transshipment point for heroin and cocaine destined for
Western Europe; despite recent legislation, narcotics-related money
laundering using bureaux de change, trusts, and shell companies
involving the offshore financial community remains a concern
Israel
increasingly concerned about cocaine and heroin abuse; drugs
arrive in country from Lebanon and, increasingly, from Jordan;
money-laundering center
Italy
important gateway for and consumer of Latin American cocaine
and Southwest Asian heroin entering the European market; money
laundering by organized crime and from smuggling
Jamaica
major transshipment point for cocaine from South America to
North America and Europe; illicit cultivation of cannabis;
government has an active manual cannabis eradication program;
corruption is a major concern; substantial money-laundering
activity; Colombian narcotics traffickers favor Jamaica for illicit
financial transactions
Kazakhstan
significant illicit cultivation of cannabis for CIS
markets, as well as limited cultivation of opium poppy and ephedra
(for the drug ephedrine); limited government eradication of illicit
crops; transit point for Southwest Asian narcotics bound for Russia
and the rest of Europe
Kenya
widespread harvesting of small plots of marijuana; transit
country for South Asian heroin destined for Europe and North
America; Indian methaqualone also transits on way to South Africa;
significant potential for money-laundering activity given the
country's status as a regional financial center; massive corruption,
and relatively high levels of narcotics-associated activities
Korea, North
for years, from the 1970's into the 2000's, citizens of
the Democratic People's Republic of (North) Korea (DPRK), many of
them diplomatic employees of the government, were apprehended abroad
while trafficking in narcotics, including two in Turkey in December
2004; in recent years, police investigations in Taiwan and Japan
have linked North Korea to large illicit shipments of heroin and
methamphetamine, including an attempt by the North Korean merchant
ship Pong Su to deliver 150 kg of heroin to Australia in April 2003;
all indications point to North Korea emerging as an important
regional source of illicit drugs targeting markets in Japan, Taiwan,
the Russian Far East, and China
Kyrgyzstan
limited illicit cultivation of cannabis and opium poppy
for CIS markets; limited government eradication of illicit crops;
transit point for Southwest Asian narcotics bound for Russia and the
rest of Europe
Laos
estimated cultivation in 2004 - 10,000 hectares, a 45% decrease
from 2003; estimated potential production in 2004 - 49 metric tons,
a significant decrease from 200 metric tons in 2003 (2005)
Latvia
transshipment point for opiates and cannabis from Central and
Southwest Asia to Western Europe and Scandinavia and Latin American
cocaine and some synthetics from Western Europe to CIS; vulnerable
to money laundering despite improved legislation due to nascent
enforcement capabilities and comparatively weak regulation of
offshore companies and the gaming industry; organized crime
(including counterfeiting, corruption, extortion, stolen cars, and
prostitution) accounts for most laundered proceeds
Lebanon
cannabis cultivation dramatically reduced to 2,500 hectares
in 2002; opium poppy cultivation minimal; small amounts of Latin
American cocaine and Southwest Asian heroin transit country on way
to European markets and for Middle Eastern consumption
Liberia
transshipment point for Southeast and Southwest Asian heroin
and South American cocaine for the European and US markets;
corruption, criminal activity, arms-dealing, and diamond trade
provide significant potential for money laundering, but the lack of
well-developed financial system limits the country's utility as a
major money-laundering center
Liechtenstein
has strengthened money-laundering controls, but money
laundering remains a concern due to Liechtenstein sophisticated
offshore financial services sector
Lithuania
transshipment point for opiates and other illicit drugs
from Southwest Asia, Latin America, and Western Europe to Western
Europe and Scandinavia; limited production of methamphetamine and
ecstasy; susceptible to money laundering despite changes to banking
legislation
Macedonia
major transshipment point for Southwest Asian heroin and
hashish; minor transit point for South American cocaine destined for
Europe; although most criminal activity is thought to be domestic
and not a financial center, money laundering is a problem due to a
mostly cash-based economy and weak enforcement (no arrests or
prosecutions for money laundering to date)
Madagascar
illicit producer of cannabis (cultivated and wild
varieties) used mostly for domestic consumption; transshipment point
for heroin
Malaysia
transit point for some illicit drugs; drug trafficking
prosecuted vigorously and carries severe penalties
Malta
minor transshipment point for hashish from North Africa to
Western Europe
Martinique
transshipment point for cocaine and marijuana bound for
the US and Europe
Mauritius
minor consumer and transshipment point for heroin from
South Asia; small amounts of cannabis produced and consumed locally;
significant offshore financial industry creates potential for money
laundering, but corruption levels are relatively low and the
government appears generally to be committed to regulating its
banking industry
Mexico
illicit cultivation of opium poppy (cultivation in 2001 -
4,400 hectares; potential heroin production - 7 metric tons) and of
cannabis (in 2001 - 4,100 hectares); government eradication efforts
have been key in keeping illicit crop levels low; major supplier of
heroin and largest foreign supplier of marijuana and methamphetamine
to the US market; continues as the primary transshipment country for
US-bound cocaine from South America, accounting for about 70 percent
of estimated annual cocaine movement to the US; major drug
syndicates control majority of drug trafficking throughout the
country; producer and distributor of ecstasy; significant
money-laundering center
Moldova
limited cultivation of opium poppy and cannabis, mostly for
CIS consumption; transshipment point for illicit drugs from
Southwest Asia via Central Asia to Russia, Western Europe, and
possibly the US; widespread crime and underground economic activity
Montserrat
transshipment point for South American narcotics destined
for the US and Europe
Morocco
illicit producer of hashish; shipments of hashish mostly
directed to Western Europe; transit point for cocaine from South
America destined for Western Europe
Mozambique
Southern African transit point for South Asian hashish
and heroin, and South American cocaine probably destined for the
European and South African markets; producer of cannabis (for local
consumption) and methaqualone (for export to South Africa);
corruption and poor regulatory capability makes the banking system
vulnerable to money laundering, but the lack of a well-developed
financial infrastructure limits the country's utility as a
money-laundering center
Nauru
offshore banking recently stopped, remains on Financial Action
Task Force Non-Cooperative Countries and Territories List for
continued failure to address deficiencies in money-laundering
control regime
Nepal
illicit producer of cannabis and hashish for the domestic and
international drug markets; transit point for opiates from Southeast
Asia to the West
Netherlands
major European producer of ecstasy, illicit
amphetamines, and other synthetic drugs; important gateway for
cocaine, heroin, and hashish entering Europe; major source of
US-bound ecstasy; large financial sector vulnerable to money
laundering
Netherlands Antilles
transshipment point for South American drugs
bound for the US and Europe; money-laundering center
Nicaragua
transshipment point for cocaine destined for the US and
transshipment point for arms-for-drugs dealing
Nigeria
a transit point for heroin and cocaine intended for
European, East Asian, and North American markets; safehaven for
Nigerian narcotraffickers operating worldwide; major
money-laundering center; massive corruption and criminal activity;
remains on Financial Action Task Force Non-Cooperative Countries and
Territories List for continued failure to address deficiencies in
money-laundering control regime
Pakistan
opium poppy in Federally Administered Tribal Areas,
North-West Frontier Province, and Balochistan Province has rebounded
since it was nearly eliminated in 2001; key transit point for Afghan
drugs, including heroin, opium, morphine, and hashish, bound for
Western markets, the Gulf States, and Africa; financial crimes
related to drug trafficking, terrorism, corruption, and smuggling
remain problems
Panama
major cocaine transshipment point and primary
money-laundering center for narcotics revenue; money-laundering
activity is especially heavy in the Colon Free Zone; offshore
financial center; negligible signs of coca cultivation; monitoring
of financial transactions is improving; official corruption remains
a major problem
Paraguay
major illicit producer of cannabis, most or all of which is
consumed in Brazil, Argentina, and Chile; transshipment country for
Andean cocaine headed for Brazil, other Southern Cone markets,
Europe, and US; corruption and some money-laundering activity,
especially in the Tri-Border Area
Peru
until 1996 the world's largest coca leaf producer; emerging
opium producer; cultivation of coca in Peru fell 15 percent to
31,150 hectares between 2002 and the end of 2003; much of the
cocaine base is shipped to neighboring Colombia for processing into
cocaine, while finished cocaine is shipped out from Pacific ports to
the international drug market; increasing amounts of base and
finished cocaine, however, are being moved to Brazil and Bolivia for
use in the Southern Cone or transshipped to Europe and Africa
Philippines
exports locally-produced marijuana and hashish to East
Asia, the US, and other Western markets; serves as a transit point
for heroin and crystal methamphetamine; domestic methamphetamine
production is a growing problem; remains on Financial Action Task
Force Non-Cooperative Countries and Territories List for continued
failure to address deficiencies in money-laundering control regime
Poland
major illicit producer of synthetic drugs for the
international market; minor transshipment point for Asian and Latin
American illicit drugs to Western Europe
Portugal
gateway country for Latin American cocaine and Southwest
Asian heroin entering the European market (especially from Brazil);
transshipment point for hashish from North Africa to Europe;
consumer of Southwest Asian heroin
Romania
major transshipment point for Southwest Asian heroin
transiting the Balkan route and small amounts of Latin American
cocaine bound for Western Europe; although not a significant
financial center, role as a narcotics conduit leaves it vulnerable
to laundering which occurs via the banking system, currency exchange
houses, and casinos
Russia
limited cultivation of illicit cannabis and opium poppy and
producer of methamphetamine, mostly for domestic consumption;
government has active illicit crop eradication program; used as
transshipment point for Asian opiates, cannabis, and Latin American
cocaine bound for growing domestic markets, to a lesser extent
Western and Central Europe, and occasionally to the US; major source
of heroin precursor chemicals; corruption and organized crime are
key concerns; heroin increasingly popular in domestic market
Saint Kitts and Nevis
transshipment point for South American drugs
destined for the US and Europe; some money-laundering activity
Saint Lucia
transit point for South American drugs destined for the
US and Europe
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
transshipment point for South
American drugs destined for the US and Europe; small-scale cannabis
cultivation
Saudi Arabia
death penalty for traffickers; increasing consumption
of heroin, cocaine, and hashish; not a major money-laundering
center, improving anti-money-laundering legislation
Senegal
transshipment point for Southwest and Southeast Asian heroin
and South American cocaine moving to Europe and North America;
illicit cultivator of cannabis
Serbia and Montenegro
transshipment point for Southwest Asian heroin
moving to Western Europe on the Balkan route; economy vulnerable to
money laundering
Singapore
as a transportation and financial services hub, Singapore
is vulnerable, despite strict laws and enforcement, to be used as a
transit point for Golden Triangle heroin and as a venue for money
laundering
Slovakia
transshipment point for Southwest Asian heroin bound for
Western Europe; producer of synthetic drugs for regional market
Slovenia
minor transit point for cocaine and Southwest Asian heroin
bound for Western Europe, and for precursor chemicals
South Africa
transshipment center for heroin, hashish, marijuana,
and cocaine; cocaine consumption on the rise; world's largest market
for illicit methaqualone, usually imported illegally from India
through various east African countries; illicit cultivation of
marijuana; attractive venue for money launderers given the
increasing level of organized criminal and narcotics activity in the
region
Spain
key European gateway country and consumer for Latin American
cocaine and North African hashish entering the European market;
destination and minor transshipment point for Southwest Asian
heroin; money-laundering site for European earnings of Colombian
narcotics trafficking organizations
Suriname
growing transshipment point for South American drugs
destined for Europe and Brazil; transshipment point for
arms-for-drugs dealing
Switzerland
a major international financial center vulnerable to the
layering and integration stages of money laundering; despite
significant legislation and reporting requirements, secrecy rules
persist and nonresidents are permitted to conduct business through
offshore entities and various intermediaries; transit country for
and consumer of South American cocaine and Southwest Asian heroin
Syria
a transit point for opiates and hashish bound for regional and
Western markets; weak anti-money-laundering controls, bank
privatization may leave it vulnerable to money-laundering
Taiwan
regional transit point for heroin and methamphetamine; major
problem with domestic consumption of methamphetamine and heroin;
renewal of domestic methamphetamine production is a problem
Tajikistan
major transit country for Afghan narcotics bound for
Russian and, to a lesser extent, Western European markets; limited
illicit cultivation of opium poppy for domestic consumption;
Tajikistan seizes roughly 80 percent of all drugs captured in
Central Asia and stands third worldwide in seizures of opiates
(heroin and raw opium)
Tanzania
growing role in transshipment of southwest and southeast
Asian heroin and south American cocaine destined for south African,
European, and US markets and of south Asian methaqualone bound for
southern Africa; money laundering remains a problem
Thailand
a minor producer of opium, heroin, and marijuana; illicit
transit point for heroin en route to the international drug market
from Burma and Laos; eradication efforts have reduced the area of
cannabis cultivation and shifted some production to neighboring
countries; opium poppy cultivation has been reduced by eradication
efforts; also a drug money-laundering center; minor role in
amphetamine production for regional consumption; increasing
indigenous abuse of methamphetamine
Togo
transit hub for Nigerian heroin and cocaine traffickers; money
laundering not a significant problem
Trinidad and Tobago
transshipment point for South American drugs
destined for the US and Europe; producer of cannabis
Turkey
key transit route for Southwest Asian heroin to Western
Europe and - to a far lesser extent the US - via air, land, and sea
routes; major Turkish, Iranian, and other international trafficking
organizations operate out of Istanbul; laboratories to convert
imported morphine base into heroin are in remote regions of Turkey
as well as near Istanbul; government maintains strict controls over
areas of legal opium poppy cultivation and output of poppy straw
concentrate
Turkmenistan
transit country for Afghan narcotics bound for Russian
and Western European markets; transit point for heroin precursor
chemicals bound for Afghanistan
Turks and Caicos Islands
transshipment point for South American
narcotics destined for the US and Europe
Ukraine
limited cultivation of cannabis and opium poppy, mostly for
CIS consumption; some synthetic drug production for export to the
West; limited government eradication program; used as transshipment
point for opiates and other illicit drugs from Africa, Latin
America, and Turkey to Europe and Russia; Ukraine has improved
anti-money-laundering controls, resulting in its removal from the
Financial Action Task Force's (FATF's) Noncooperative Countries and
Territories List in February 2004; Ukraine's anti-money-laundering
regime continues to be monitored by FATF
United Arab Emirates
the UAE is a drug transshipment point for
traffickers given its proximity to southwest Asian drug producing
countries; the UAE's position as a major financial center makes it
vulnerable to money laundering; anti-money-laundering controls
improving
United Kingdom
producer of limited amounts of synthetic drugs and
synthetic precursor chemicals; major consumer of Southwest Asian
heroin, Latin American cocaine, and synthetic drugs;
money-laundering center
United States
consumer of cocaine shipped from Colombia through
Mexico and the Caribbean; consumer of heroin, marijuana, and
increasingly methamphetamine from Mexico; consumer of high-quality
Southeast Asian heroin; illicit producer of cannabis, marijuana,
depressants, stimulants, hallucinogens, and methamphetamine;
money-laundering center
Uzbekistan
transit country for Afghan narcotics bound for Russian
and, to a lesser extent, Western European markets; limited illicit
cultivation of cannabis and small amounts of opium poppy for
domestic consumption; poppy cultivation almost wiped out by
government crop eradication program; transit point for heroin
precursor chemicals bound for Afghanistan
Venezuela
small-scale illicit producer of opium and coca for the
processing of opiates and coca derivatives; however, large
quantities of cocaine, heroin, and marijuana transit the country
from Colombia bound for US and Europe; significant narcotics-related
money-laundering activity, especially along the border with Colombia
and on Margarita Island; active eradication program primarily
targeting opium; increasing signs of drug-related activities by
Colombian insurgents on border
Vietnam
minor producer of opium poppy; probable minor transit point
for Southeast Asian heroin; domestic opium/heroin/methamphetamine
addiction problems
World
cocaine: worldwide, coca is grown on an estimated 173,450
hectares - almost exclusively in South America with 70% in Colombia;
potential cocaine production during 2003 is estimated at 728 metric
tons (or 835 metric tons of export quality cocaine); coca
eradication programs continue in Bolivia, Colombia, and Peru; 376
metric tons of export quality cocaine are documented to have been
seized in 2003, and 26 metric tons disrupted (jettisoned or
destroyed); consumption of export quality cocaine is estimated to
have been 800 metric tons
opiates: cultivation of opium poppy occurred on an estimated 137,944
hectares in 2003 - mostly in Southwest and Southeast Asia - with 44%
in Afghanistan, potentially produced 3,775 metric tons of opium,
which conceivably could be converted to the equivalent of 429 metric
tons of pure heroin; opium eradication programs have been undertaken
in Afghanistan, Burma, Colombia, Mexico, Pakistan, Thailand, and
Vietnam
Zambia
transshipment point for moderate amounts of methaqualone,
small amounts of heroin, and cocaine bound for Southern Africa and
possibly Europe; a poorly developed financial infrastructure coupled
with a government commitment to combating money laundering make it
an unattractive venue for money launderers
Zimbabwe
transit point for African cannabis and South Asian heroin,
mandrax, and methamphetamines destined for the South African and
European markets
This page was last updated on 20 October, 2005
======================================================================
@2087 Imports
Afghanistan
$3.759 billion (FY03-04)
Albania
$2.076 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)
Algeria
$15.25 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)
American Samoa
$123 million (2002)
Andorra
$1.077 billion (1998)
Angola
$4.896 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)
Anguilla
$80.9 million (1999)
Antigua and Barbuda
$692 million (2002 est.)
Argentina
$22.06 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)
Armenia
$1.3 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)
Aruba
$841 million f.o.b. (2002 est.)
Australia
$98.1 billion (2004 est.)
Austria
$101.2 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)
Azerbaijan
$3.622 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)
Bahamas, The
$1.63 billion (2003)
Bahrain
$5.87 billion (2004 est.)
Bangladesh
$10.03 billion (2004 est.)
Barbados
$1.039 billion (2002)
Belarus
$13.57 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)
Belgium
$235 billion f.o.b. (2003 est.)
Belize
$579.9 million f.o.b. (2004 est.)
Benin
$934.5 million f.o.b. (2004 est.)
Bermuda
$5.523 billion (2002)
Bhutan
$196 million c.i.f. (2000 est.)
Bolivia
$1.595 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)
Bosnia and Herzegovina
$5.2 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)
Botswana
$2.255 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)
Brazil
$61 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)
British Virgin Islands
$187 million (2002 est.)
Brunei
$5.2 billion c.i.f. (2003)
Bulgaria
$12.23 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)
Burkina Faso
$866.3 million f.o.b. (2004 est.)
Burma
$1.754 billion f.o.b.
note: import figures are grossly underestimated due to the value of
consumer goods, diesel fuel, and other products smuggled in from
Thailand, China, Malaysia, and India (2004 est.)
Burundi
$138.2 million f.o.b. (2004 est.)
Cambodia
$3.129 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)
Cameroon
$1.979 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)
Canada
$256.1 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)
Cape Verde
$387.3 million f.o.b. (2004 est.)
Cayman Islands
$457.4 million (1999)
Central African Republic
$136 million f.o.b. (2002 est.)
Chad
$500.7 million f.o.b. (2004 est.)
Chile
$22.53 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)
China
$552.4 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)
Christmas Island
NA
Cocos (Keeling) Islands
NA
Colombia
$15.34 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)
Comoros
$88 million f.o.b. (2002 est.)
Congo, Democratic Republic of the
$933 million f.o.b. (2002 est.)
Congo, Republic of the
$749.3 million f.o.b. (2004 est.)
Cook Islands
$50.7 million (2000)
Costa Rica
$7.842 billion (2004 est.)
Cote d'Ivoire
$3.36 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)
Croatia
$16.7 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)
Cuba
$5.296 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)
Cyprus
Republic of Cyprus: $5.258 billion f.o.b. north Cyprus:
$415.2 million f.o.b. (2004 est.)
Czech Republic
$68.19 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)
Denmark
$63.45 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)
Djibouti
$665 million f.o.b. (2002 est.)
Dominica
$98.2 million f.o.b. (2003 est.)
Dominican Republic
$8.093 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)
East Timor
$167 million (2004 est.)
Ecuador
$7.65 billion (2004 est.)
Egypt
$19.21 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)
El Salvador
$5.968 billion (2004 est.)
Equatorial Guinea
$1.167 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)
Eritrea
$622 million f.o.b. (2004 est.)
Estonia
$7.318 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)
Ethiopia
$2.104 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)
European Union
$1.123 trillion
note: external imports, excluding intra-EU trade (2003)
Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas)
$53 million (2002)
Faroe Islands
$466 million c.i.f. (2002)
Fiji
$835 million c.i.f. (2002)
Finland
$45.17 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)
France
$419.7 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)
French Guiana
$625 million c.i.f. (2002 est.)
French Polynesia
$1.341 billion f.o.b. (2002)
Gabon
$1.225 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)
Gambia, The
$180.9 million f.o.b. (2004 est.)
Gaza Strip
$1.9 billion c.i.f., includes West Bank (2002)
Georgia
$1.806 billion (2004 est.)
Germany
$716.7 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)
Ghana
$3.699 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)
Gibraltar
$1.743 billion c.i.f. (2002)
Greece
$54.28 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)
Greenland
$445 million c.i.f. (2002)
Grenada
$208 million (2002 est.)
Guadeloupe
$1.7 billion c.i.f. (1997)
Guam
$462 million f.o.b. (2002 est.)
Guatemala
$7.77 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)
Guernsey
$NA
Guinea
$641.5 million f.o.b. (2004 est.)
Guinea-Bissau
$104 million f.o.b. (2002 est.)
Guyana
$650.1 million f.o.b. (2004 est.)
Haiti
$1.085 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)
Honduras
$3.332 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)
Hong Kong
$275.9 billion (2004 est.)
Hungary
$58.68 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)
Iceland
$3.307 billion (2004 est.)
India
$89.33 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)
Indonesia
$45.07 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)
Iran
$31.3 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)
Iraq
$9.9 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)
Ireland
$60.65 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)
Israel
$36.84 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)
Italy
$329.3 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)
Jamaica
$3.624 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)
Japan
$401.8 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)
Jersey
$NA
Jordan
$7.6 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)
Kazakhstan
$13.07 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)
Kenya
$4.19 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)
Kiribati
$83 million c.i.f. (2002)
Korea, North
$2.1 billion c.i.f. (2003)
Korea, South
$214.2 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)
Kuwait
$11.12 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)
Kyrgyzstan
$775.1 million f.o.b. (2004 est.)
Laos
$579.5 million f.o.b. (2004 est.)
Latvia
$5.97 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)
Lebanon
$8.162 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)
Lesotho
$730.9 million f.o.b. (2004 est.)
Liberia
$5.051 billion f.o.b. (2002 est.)
Libya
$7.224 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)
Liechtenstein
$917.3 million (1996)
Lithuania
$11.02 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)
Luxembourg
$16.3 billion c.i.f. (2003)
Macau
$2.76 billion c.i.f. (2003)
Macedonia
$2.677 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)
Madagascar
$1.147 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)
Malawi
$521.1 million f.o.b. (2004 est.)
Malaysia
$99.3 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)
Maldives
$392 million f.o.b. (2002 est.)
Mali
$927 million f.o.b. (2002 est.)
Malta
$3.407 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)
Man, Isle of
$NA
Marshall Islands
$54 million f.o.b. (2000)
Martinique
$2 billion c.i.f. (1997)
Mauritania
$860 million f.o.b. (2002)
Mauritius
$2.245 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)
Mayotte
$141.3 million f.o.b. (1997)
Mexico
$190.8 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)
Micronesia, Federated States of
$149 million f.o.b. (FY99/00 est.)
Moldova
$1.83 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)
Monaco
$NA; full customs integration with France, which collects and
rebates Monegasque trade duties; also participates in EU market
system through customs union with France
Mongolia
$1 billion c.i.f. (2004 est.)
Montserrat
$17 million (2001)
Morocco
$15.63 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)
Mozambique
$972.9 million f.o.b. (2004 est.)
Namibia
$1.473 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)
Nauru
$19.8 million c.i.f. (2004 est.)
Nepal
$1.419 billion f.o.b. (2002 est.)
Netherlands
$252.7 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)
Netherlands Antilles
$2.233 billion f.o.b. (2002)
New Caledonia
$1.007 billion f.o.b. (2002)
New Zealand
$19.77 billion (2004 est.)
Nicaragua
$2.02 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)
Niger
$400 million f.o.b. (2002 est.)
Nigeria
$17.14 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)
Niue
$2.38 million (1999)
Norfolk Island
$17.9 million c.i.f. (FY91/92)
Northern Mariana Islands
NA
Norway
$45.96 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)
Oman
$6.373 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)
Pakistan
$14.01 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)
Palau
$99 million f.o.b. (2001 est.)
Panama
$7.164 billion f.o.b. (includes the Colon Free Zone) (2004
est.)
Papua New Guinea
$1.353 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)
Paraguay
$3.33 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)
Peru
$9.6 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)
Philippines
$37.5 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)
Pitcairn Islands
NA
Poland
$81.61 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)
Portugal
$52.1 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)
Puerto Rico
$29.1 billion c.i.f. (2001)
Qatar
$6.15 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)
Reunion
$2.5 billion c.i.f. (1997)
Romania
$28.43 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)
Russia
$92.91 billion (2004 est.)
Rwanda
$260 million f.o.b. (2004 est.)
Saint Helena
$42 million c.i.f. (2002)
Saint Kitts and Nevis
$195 million (2002 est.)
Saint Lucia
$267 million (2002 est.)
Saint Pierre and Miquelon
$106 million f.o.b. (2002)
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
$174 million (2002 est.)
Samoa
$113 million f.o.b. (2002)
San Marino
trade data are included with the statistics for Italy
Sao Tome and Principe
$41 million f.o.b. (2004 est.)
Saudi Arabia
$36.21 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)
Senegal
$2.128 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)
Serbia and Montenegro
$9.538 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)
Seychelles
$393.4 million f.o.b. (2004 est.)
Sierra Leone
$264 million f.o.b. (2002 est.)
Singapore
$155.2 billion (2004 est.)
Slovakia
$29.67 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)
Slovenia
$16.07 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)
Solomon Islands
$67 million f.o.b. (2003)
Somalia
$344 million f.o.b. (2002 est.)
South Africa
$39.42 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)
Spain
$222 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)
Sri Lanka
$7.265 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)
Sudan
$3.496 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)
Suriname
$604 million f.o.b. (2002)
Svalbard
$NA
Swaziland
$1.14 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)
Sweden
$97.97 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)
Switzerland
$121.1 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)
Syria
$5.042 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)
Taiwan
$165.4 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)
Tajikistan
$1.3 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)
Tanzania
$1.972 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)
Thailand
$80.84 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)
Togo
$824.9 million f.o.b. (2004 est.)
Tokelau
$323,000 c.i.f. (1983)
Tonga
$86 million f.o.b. (2002 est.)
Trinidad and Tobago
$4.65 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)
Tunisia
$11.52 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)
Turkey
$94.5 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)
Turkmenistan
$2.85 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)
Turks and Caicos Islands
$175.6 million (2000)
Tuvalu
$79 million c.i.f. (2002)
Uganda
$1.306 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)
Ukraine
$31.45 billion (2004 est.)
United Arab Emirates
$45.66 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)
United Kingdom
$439.4 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)
United States
$1.476 trillion f.o.b. (2004 est.)
Uruguay
$2.071 billion f.o.b. (2003)
Uzbekistan
$2.82 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)
Vanuatu
$138 million c.i.f. (2002)
Venezuela
$14.98 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)
Vietnam
$26.31 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)
Virgin Islands
NA
Wallis and Futuna
$300,000 f.o.b. (1999)
West Bank
$1.5 billion c.i.f., includes Gaza Strip (2002)
Western Sahara
NA
World
$8.754 trillion f.o.b. (2003 est.)
Yemen
$3.734 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)
Zambia
$1.519 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)
Zimbabwe
$1.599 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)
This page was last updated on 20 October, 2005
======================================================================
@2088 Independence
Afghanistan
19 August 1919 (from UK control over Afghan foreign
affairs)
Albania
28 November 1912 (from Ottoman Empire)
Algeria
5 July 1962 (from France)
American Samoa
none (territory of the US)
Andorra
1278 (was formed under the joint suzerainty of the French
count of Foix and the Spanish bishop of Urgel)
Angola
11 November 1975 (from Portugal)
Anguilla
none (overseas territory of the UK)
Antigua and Barbuda
1 November 1981 (from UK)
Argentina
9 July 1816 (from Spain)
Armenia
21 September 1991 (from Soviet Union)
Aruba
none (part of the Kingdom of the Netherlands)
Australia
1 January 1901 (federation of UK colonies)
Austria
1156 (Duchy of Austria founded); 12 November 1918 (republic
proclaimed)
Azerbaijan
30 August 1991 (from Soviet Union)
Bahamas, The
10 July 1973 (from UK)
Bahrain
15 August 1971 (from UK)
Bangladesh
16 December 1971 (from West Pakistan); note - 26 March
1971 is the date of independence from West Pakistan, 16 December
1971 is known as Victory Day and commemorates the official creation
of the state of Bangladesh
Barbados
30 November 1966 (from UK)
Belarus
25 August 1991 (from Soviet Union)
Belgium
4 October 1830 (a provisional government declares
independence from the Netherlands); 21 July 1831 (King Leopold I
ascends to the throne)
Belize
21 September 1981 (from UK)
Benin
1 August 1960 (from France)
Bermuda
none (overseas territory of the UK)
Bhutan
8 August 1949 (from India)
Bolivia
6 August 1825 (from Spain)
Bosnia and Herzegovina
1 March 1992 (from Yugoslavia; referendum for
independence was completed 1 March 1992; independence was declared 3
March 1992)
Botswana
30 September 1966 (from UK)
Brazil
7 September 1822 (from Portugal)
British Virgin Islands
none (overseas territory of the UK)
Brunei
1 January 1984 (from UK)
Bulgaria
3 March 1878 (as an autonomous principality within the
Ottoman Empire); 22 September 1908 (complete independence from the
Ottoman Empire)
Burkina Faso
5 August 1960 (from France)
Burma
4 January 1948 (from UK)
Burundi
1 July 1962 (from UN trusteeship under Belgian
administration)
Cambodia
9 November 1953 (from France)
Cameroon
1 January 1960 (from French-administered UN trusteeship)
Canada
1 July 1867 (union of British North American colonies); 11
December 1931 (independence recognized)
Cape Verde
5 July 1975 (from Portugal)
Cayman Islands
none (overseas territory of the UK)
Central African Republic
13 August 1960 (from France)
Chad
11 August 1960 (from France)
Chile
18 September 1810 (from Spain)
China
221 BC (unification under the Qin or Ch'in Dynasty); 1 January
1912 (Manchu Dynasty replaced by a Republic); 1 October 1949
(People's Republic established)
Christmas Island
none (territory of Australia)
Cocos (Keeling) Islands
none (territory of Australia)
Colombia
20 July 1810 (from Spain)
Comoros
6 July 1975 (from France)
Congo, Democratic Republic of the
30 June 1960 (from Belgium)
Congo, Republic of the
15 August 1960 (from France)
Cook Islands
none (became self-governing in free association with
New Zealand on 4 August 1965 and has the right at any time to move
to full independence by unilateral action)
Costa Rica
15 September 1821 (from Spain)
Cote d'Ivoire
7 August 1960 (from France)
Croatia
25 June 1991 (from Yugoslavia)
Cuba
20 May 1902 (from Spain 10 December 1898; administered by the
US from 1898 to 1902)
Cyprus
16 August 1960 (from UK); note - Turkish Cypriots proclaimed
self-rule on 13 February 1975 and independence in 1983, but these
proclamations are only recognized by Turkey
Czech Republic
1 January 1993 (Czechoslovakia split into the Czech
Republic and Slovakia)
Denmark
first organized as a unified state in 10th century; in 1849
became a constitutional monarchy
Djibouti
27 June 1977 (from France)
Dominica
3 November 1978 (from UK)
Dominican Republic
27 February 1844 (from Haiti)
East Timor
28 November 1975 (date of proclamation of independence
from Portugal); note - 20 May 2002 is the official date of
international recognition of East Timor's independence from Indonesia
Ecuador
24 May 1822 (from Spain)
Egypt
28 February 1922 (from UK)
El Salvador
15 September 1821 (from Spain)
Equatorial Guinea
12 October 1968 (from Spain)
Eritrea
24 May 1993 (from Ethiopia)
Estonia
20 August 1991 (from Soviet Union)
Ethiopia
oldest independent country in Africa and one of the oldest
in the world - at least 2,000 years
European Union
7 February 1992 (Maastricht Treaty signed
establishing the EU); 1 November 1993 (Maastricht Treaty entered
into force)
Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas)
none (overseas territory of the
UK; also claimed by Argentina)
Faroe Islands
none (part of the Kingdom of Denmark; self-governing
overseas administrative division of Denmark)
Fiji
10 October 1970 (from UK)
Finland
6 December 1917 (from Russia)
France
486 (unified by Clovis)
French Guiana
none (overseas department of France)
French Polynesia
none (overseas lands of France)
Gabon
17 August 1960 (from France)
Gambia, The
18 February 1965 (from UK)
Georgia
9 April 1991 (from Soviet Union)
Germany
18 January 1871 (German Empire unification); divided into
four zones of occupation (UK, US, USSR, and later, France) in 1945
following World War II; Federal Republic of Germany (FRG or West
Germany) proclaimed 23 May 1949 and included the former UK, US, and
French zones; German Democratic Republic (GDR or East Germany)
proclaimed 7 October 1949 and included the former USSR zone;
unification of West Germany and East Germany took place 3 October
1990; all four powers formally relinquished rights 15 March 1991
Ghana
6 March 1957 (from UK)
Gibraltar
none (overseas territory of the UK)
Greece
1829 (from the Ottoman Empire)
Greenland
none (part of the Kingdom of Denmark; foreign affairs is
the responsibility of Denmark, but Greenland actively participates
in international agreements relating to Greenland)
Grenada
7 February 1974 (from UK)
Guadeloupe
none (overseas department of France)
Guam
none (territory of the US)
Guatemala
15 September 1821 (from Spain)
Guernsey
none (British crown dependency)
Guinea
2 October 1958 (from France)
Guinea-Bissau
24 September 1973 (unilaterally declared by
Guinea-Bissau); 10 September 1974 (recognized by Portugal)
Guyana
26 May 1966 (from UK)
Haiti
1 January 1804 (from France)
Holy See (Vatican City)
11 February 1929 (from Italy); note - the
three treaties signed with Italy on 11 February 1929 acknowledged,
among other things, the full sovereignty of the Vatican and
established its territorial extent; however, the origin of the Papal
States, which over the years have varied considerably in extent, may
be traced back to the 8th century
Honduras
15 September 1821 (from Spain)
Hong Kong
none (special administrative region of China)
Hungary
1001 (unification by King Stephen I)
Iceland
1 December 1918 (became a sovereign state under the Danish
Crown); 17 June 1944 (from Denmark)
India
15 August 1947 (from UK)
Indonesia
17 August 1945 (independence proclaimed); 27 December 1949
(Netherlands recognizes Indonesian independence)
Iran
1 April 1979 (Islamic Republic of Iran proclaimed)
Iraq
3 October 1932 (from League of Nations mandate under British
administration); note - on 28 June 2004 the Coalition Provisional
Authority transferred sovereignty to the Iraqi Interim Government
Ireland
6 December 1921 (from UK by treaty)
Israel
14 May 1948 (from League of Nations mandate under British
administration)
Italy
17 March 1861 (Kingdom of Italy proclaimed; Italy was not
finally unified until 1870)
Jamaica
6 August 1962 (from UK)
Japan
660 BC (traditional founding by Emperor JIMMU)
Jersey
none (British crown dependency)
Jordan
25 May 1946 (from League of Nations mandate under British
administration)
Kazakhstan
16 December 1991 (from the Soviet Union)
Kenya
12 December 1963 (from UK)
Kiribati
12 July 1979 (from UK)
Korea, North
15 August 1945 (from Japan)
Korea, South
15 August 1945 (from Japan)
Kuwait
19 June 1961 (from UK)
Kyrgyzstan
31 August 1991 (from Soviet Union)
Laos
19 July 1949 (from France)
Latvia
21 August 1991 (from Soviet Union)
Lebanon
22 November 1943 (from League of Nations mandate under
French administration)
Lesotho
4 October 1966 (from UK)
Liberia
26 July 1847
Libya
24 December 1951 (from Italy)
Liechtenstein
23 January 1719 (Principality of Liechtenstein
established); 12 July 1806 (independence from the Holy Roman Empire)
Lithuania
11 March 1990 (independence declared from Soviet Union); 6
September 1991 (Soviet Union recognizes Lithuania's independence)
Luxembourg
1839 (from the Netherlands)
Macau
none (special administrative region of China)
Macedonia
8 September 1991 (referendum by registered voters
endorsing independence from Yugoslavia)
Madagascar
26 June 1960 (from France)
Malawi
6 July 1964 (from UK)
Malaysia
31 August 1957 (from UK)
Maldives
26 July 1965 (from UK)
Mali
22 September 1960 (from France)
Malta
21 September 1964 (from UK)
Man, Isle of
none (British crown dependency)
Marshall Islands
21 October 1986 (from the US-administered UN
trusteeship)
Martinique
none (overseas department of France)
Mauritania
28 November 1960 (from France)
Mauritius
12 March 1968 (from UK)
Mayotte
none (territorial collectivity of France)
Mexico
16 September 1810 (from Spain)
Micronesia, Federated States of
3 November 1986 (from the
US-administered UN Trusteeship)
Moldova
27 August 1991 (from Soviet Union)
Monaco
1419 (beginning of the rule by the House of Grimaldi)
Mongolia
11 July 1921 (from China)
Montserrat
none (overseas territory of the UK)
Morocco
2 March 1956 (from France)
Mozambique
25 June 1975 (from Portugal)
Namibia
21 March 1990 (from South African mandate)
Nauru
31 January 1968 (from the Australia-, NZ-, and UK-administered
UN trusteeship)
Nepal
1768 (unified by Prithvi Narayan Shah)
Netherlands
23 January 1579 (the northern provinces of the Low
Countries conclude the Union of Utrecht breaking with Spain; it was
not until 1648 that Spain recognized their independence)
Netherlands Antilles
none (part of the Kingdom of the Netherlands)
New Caledonia
none (overseas territory of France); note - a
referendum on independence was held in 1998 but did not pass; a new
referendum is scheduled for 2014
New Zealand
26 September 1907 (from UK)
Nicaragua
15 September 1821 (from Spain)
Niger
3 August 1960 (from France)
Nigeria
1 October 1960 (from UK)
Niue
on 19 October 1974, Niue became a self-governing parliamentary
government in free association with New Zealand
Norfolk Island
none (territory of Australia)
Northern Mariana Islands
none (commonwealth in political union with
the US)
Norway
7 June 1905 (Norway declared the union with Sweden
dissolved); 26 October 1905 (Sweden agreed to the repeal of the
union)
Oman
1650 (expulsion of the Portuguese)
Pakistan
14 August 1947 (from UK)
Palau
1 October 1994 (from the US-administered UN Trusteeship)
Panama
3 November 1903 (from Colombia; became independent from Spain
28 November 1821)
Papua New Guinea
16 September 1975 (from the Australian-administered
UN trusteeship)
Paraguay
14 May 1811 (from Spain)
Peru
28 July 1821 (from Spain)
Philippines
12 June 1898 (from Spain)
Pitcairn Islands
none (overseas territory of the UK)
Poland
11 November 1918 (independent republic proclaimed)
Portugal
1143 (Kingdom of Portugal recognized); 5 October 1910
(independent republic proclaimed)
Puerto Rico
none (commonwealth associated with the US)
Qatar
3 September 1971 (from UK)
Reunion
none (overseas department of France)
Romania
9 May 1877 (independence proclaimed from the Ottoman Empire;
independence recognized 13 July 1878 by the Treaty of Berlin;
kingdom proclaimed 26 March 1881); 30 December 1947 (republic
proclaimed)
Russia
24 August 1991 (from Soviet Union)
Rwanda
1 July 1962 (from Belgium-administered UN trusteeship)
Saint Helena
none (overseas territory of the UK)
Saint Kitts and Nevis
19 September 1983 (from UK)
Saint Lucia
22 February 1979 (from UK)
Saint Pierre and Miquelon
none (territorial collectivity of France;
has been under French control since 1763)
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
27 October 1979 (from UK)
Samoa
1 January 1962 (from New Zealand-administered UN trusteeship)
San Marino
3 September 301
Sao Tome and Principe
12 July 1975 (from Portugal)
Saudi Arabia
23 September 1932 (unification of the kingdom)
Senegal
4 April 1960 (from France); note - complete independence was
achieved upon dissolution of federation with Mali on 20 August 1960
Serbia and Montenegro
27 April 1992 (Federal Republic of Yugoslavia
or FRY - now Serbia and Montenegro - formed as self-proclaimed
successor to the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia or SFRY)
Seychelles
29 June 1976 (from UK)
Sierra Leone
27 April 1961 (from UK)
Singapore
9 August 1965 (from Malaysian Federation)
Slovakia
1 January 1993 (Czechoslovakia split into the Czech
Republic and Slovakia)
Slovenia
25 June 1991 (from Yugoslavia)
Solomon Islands
7 July 1978 (from UK)
Somalia
1 July 1960 (from a merger of British Somaliland, which
became independent from the UK on 26 June 1960, and Italian
Somaliland, which became independent from the Italian-administered
UN trusteeship on 1 July 1960, to form the Somali Republic)
South Africa
31 May 1910 (from UK); note - South Africa became a
republic in 1961 following an October 1960 referendum
Spain
the Iberian peninsula was characterized by a variety of
independent kingdoms prior to the Moslem occupation that began in
the early 8th century A. D. and lasted nearly seven centuries; the
small Christian redoubts of the north began the reconquest almost
immediately, culminating in the seizure of Granada in 1492; this
event completed the unification of several kingdoms and is
traditionally considered the forging of present-day Spain
Sri Lanka
4 February 1948 (from UK)
Sudan
1 January 1956 (from Egypt and UK)
Suriname
25 November 1975 (from Netherlands)
Svalbard
none (territory of Norway)
Swaziland
6 September 1968 (from UK)
Sweden
6 June 1523 (Gustav VASA elected king)
Switzerland
1 August 1291 (founding of the Swiss Confederation)
Syria
17 April 1946 (from League of Nations mandate under French
administration)
Tajikistan
9 September 1991 (from Soviet Union)
Tanzania
26 April 1964; Tanganyika became independent 9 December
1961 (from UK-administered UN trusteeship); Zanzibar became
independent 19 December 1963 (from UK); Tanganyika united with
Zanzibar 26 April 1964 to form the United Republic of Tanganyika and
Zanzibar; renamed United Republic of Tanzania 29 October 1964
Thailand
1238 (traditional founding date; never colonized)
Togo
27 April 1960 (from French-administered UN trusteeship)
Tokelau
none (territory of New Zealand)
Tonga
4 June 1970 (from UK protectorate)
Trinidad and Tobago
31 August 1962 (from UK)
Tunisia
20 March 1956 (from France)
Turkey
29 October 1923 (successor state to the Ottoman Empire)
Turkmenistan
27 October 1991 (from the Soviet Union)
Turks and Caicos Islands
none (overseas territory of the UK)
Tuvalu
1 October 1978 (from UK)
Uganda
9 October 1962 (from UK)
Ukraine
24 August 1991 (from the Soviet Union)
United Arab Emirates
2 December 1971 (from UK)
United Kingdom
England has existed as a unified entity since the
10th century; the union between England and Wales, begun in 1284
with the Statute of Rhuddlan, was not formalized until 1536 with an
Act of Union; in another Act of Union in 1707, England and Scotland
agreed to permanently join as Great Britain; the legislative union
of Great Britain and Ireland was implemented in 1801, with the
adoption of the name the United Kingdom of Great Britain and
Ireland; the Anglo-Irish treaty of 1921 formalized a partition of
Ireland; six northern Irish counties remained part of the United
Kingdom as Northern Ireland and the current name of the country, the
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, was adopted in
1927
United States
4 July 1776 (from Great Britain)
Uruguay
25 August 1825 (from Brazil)
Uzbekistan
1 September 1991 (from Soviet Union)
Vanuatu
30 July 1980 (from France and UK)
Venezuela
5 July 1811 (from Spain)
Vietnam
2 September 1945 (from France)
Wallis and Futuna
none (overseas territory of France)
Yemen
22 May 1990 (Republic of Yemen established with the merger of
the Yemen Arab Republic [Yemen (Sanaa) or North Yemen] and the
Marxist-dominated People's Democratic Republic of Yemen [Yemen
(Aden) or South Yemen]); note - previously North Yemen had become
independent in November of 1918 (from the Ottoman Empire) and South
Yemen had become independent on 30 November 1967 (from the UK)
Zambia
24 October 1964 (from UK)
Zimbabwe
18 April 1980 (from UK)
This page was last updated on 20 October, 2005
======================================================================
@2089 Industrial production growth rate (%)
Afghanistan
NA
Albania
3.1% (2004 est.)
Algeria
6% (2004 est.)
American Samoa
NA%
Andorra
NA%
Angola
1% (2000)
Anguilla
3.1% (1997 est.)
Antigua and Barbuda
6% (1997 est.)
Argentina
12% (2004 est.)
Armenia
15% (2002 est.)
Aruba
NA%
Australia
1.9% (2004 est.)
Austria
3.3% (2004 est.)
Azerbaijan
4% (2004 est.)
Bahamas, The
NA
Bahrain
2% (2000 est.)
Bangladesh
6.5% (2004 est.)
Barbados
-3.2% (2000 est.)
Belarus
4% (2004 est.)
Belgium
3.5% (2004 est.)
Belize
4.6% (1999)
Benin
8.3% (2001 est.)
Bermuda
NA%
Bhutan
9.3% (1996 est.)
Bolivia
5.7% (2004 est.)
Bosnia and Herzegovina
5.5% (2003 est.)
Botswana
4.4% (2004 est.)
Brazil
6% (2004 est.)
British Virgin Islands
NA%
Brunei
5% (2002 est.)
Bulgaria
5.2% (2004 est.)
Burkina Faso
14% (2001 est.)
Burma
NA
Burundi
18% (2001)
Cambodia
22% (2002 est.)
Cameroon
4.2% (1999 est.)
Canada
2% (2004 est.)
Cape Verde
NA
Cayman Islands
NA%
Central African Republic
3% (2002)
Chad
5% (1995)
Chile
7.8% (2004 est.)
China
17.1% (2004 est.)
Colombia
4% (2004 est.)
Comoros
-2% (1999 est.)
Congo, Democratic Republic of the
NA
Congo, Republic of the
0% (2002 est.)
Cook Islands
1% (2002)
Costa Rica
3.1% (2004 est.)
Cote d'Ivoire
15% (1998 est.)
Croatia
2.7% (2004 est.)
Cuba
1.4% (2004 est.)
Cyprus
Republic of Cyprus: 0.4% (2002); north Cyprus: -0.3% (2002)
Czech Republic
4.7% (2004 est.)
Denmark
1.7% (2004 est.)
Djibouti
3% (1996 est.)
Dominica
-10% (1997 est.)
Dominican Republic
2% (2001 est.)
East Timor
8.5%
Ecuador
10% (2004 est.)
Egypt
2.5% (2004 est.)
El Salvador
0.7% (2004 est.)
Equatorial Guinea
30% (2002 est.)
Eritrea
NA
Estonia
5% (2000 est.)
Ethiopia
6.7% (2001 est.)
European Union
2.4% (2004 est.)
Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas)
NA%
Faroe Islands
8% (1999 est.)
Fiji
NA
Finland
2% (2004 est.)
France
1.7% (2004 est.)
French Guiana
NA%
French Polynesia
NA%
Gabon
1.6% (2002 est.)
Gambia, The
NA
Gaza Strip
NA
Georgia
3% (2000)
Germany
2.2% (2004 est.)
Ghana
3.8% (2000 est.)
Gibraltar
NA%
Greece
4.1% (2004 est.)
Greenland
NA%
Grenada
0.7% (1997 est.)
Guadeloupe
NA%
Guam
NA
Guatemala
4.1% (1999)
Guernsey
NA%
Guinea
3.2% (1994)
Guinea-Bissau
2.6% (1997 est.)
Guyana
7.1% (1997 est.)
Haiti
NA
Honduras
7.7% (2003 est.)
Hong Kong
1% (2004 est.)
Hungary
9.6% (2004 est.)
Iceland
8.8% (2004 est.)
India
7.4% (2004 est.)
Indonesia
10.5% (2004 est.)
Iran
3.5% excluding oil (2004 est.)
Iraq
NA
Ireland
7% (2004 est.)
Israel
4.5% (2004 est.)
Italy
0.7% (2004 est.)
Jamaica
-2% (2000 est.)
Japan
6.6% (2004 est.)
Jersey
NA%
Jordan
5% (2004 est.)
Kazakhstan
10.6% (2004 est.)
Kenya
2.6% (2004 est.)
Kiribati
0.7% (1991 est.)
Korea, North
NA
Korea, South
10.1% (2004 est.)
Kuwait
-5% (2002 est.)
Kyrgyzstan
6% (2000 est.)
Laos
9.7% (2001 est.)
Latvia
8.5% (2004 est.)
Lebanon
NA
Lesotho
15.5% (1999)
Liberia
NA
Libya
NA
Liechtenstein
NA%
Lithuania
12% (2004 est.)
Luxembourg
2.9% (2004 est.)
Macau
NA
Macedonia
0% (2004 est.)
Madagascar
3% (2000 est.)
Malawi
1.4% (2004 est.)
Malaysia
10.2% (2004 est.)
Maldives
4.4% (1996 est.)
Mali
NA (FY96/97)
Malta
NA%
Man, Isle of
3.2% (FY96/97)
Marshall Islands
NA
Martinique
NA%
Mauritania
2% (2000 est.)
Mauritius
8% (2000 est.)
Mayotte
NA%
Mexico
3.8% (2004 est.)
Micronesia, Federated States of
NA
Moldova
17% (2003 est.)
Monaco
NA%
Mongolia
4.1% (2002 est.)
Montserrat
NA%
Morocco
NA
Mozambique
3.4% (2000)
Namibia
NA
Nauru
NA
Nepal
8.7% (FY99/00)
Netherlands
0.8% (2004 est.)
Netherlands Antilles
NA%
New Caledonia
-0.6% (1996)
New Zealand
5.9% (2004 est.)
Nicaragua
4.4% (2000 est.)
Niger
NA (2001 est.)
Nigeria
1.8% (2004 est.)
Niue
NA
Norfolk Island
NA
Northern Mariana Islands
NA
Norway
5.2% (2004 est.)
Oman
-1.2% (2004 est.)
Pakistan
13.1% (2004 est.)
Palau
NA
Panama
5.4% (2004 est.)
Papua New Guinea
NA
Paraguay
0% (2000 est.)
Peru
5.2% (2004 est.)
Philippines
5% (2004 est.)
Pitcairn Islands
NA
Poland
10% (2004 est.)
Portugal
1.1% (2004 est.)
Puerto Rico
NA%
Qatar
10% (2003 est.)
Reunion
NA%
Romania
4% (2004 est.)
Russia
6.4% (2004 est.)
Rwanda
7% (2001 est.)
Saint Helena
NA
Saint Kitts and Nevis
NA%
Saint Lucia
-8.9% (1997 est.)
Saint Pierre and Miquelon
NA%
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
-0.9% (1997 est.)
Samoa
2.8% (2000)
San Marino
6% (1997 est.)
Sao Tome and Principe
NA
Saudi Arabia
2.8% (2004 est.)
Senegal
4.7% (2004 est.)
Serbia and Montenegro
1.7% (2002 est.)
Seychelles
NA
Sierra Leone
NA
Singapore
11.1% (2004 est.)
Slovakia
5.1% (2004 est.)
Slovenia
3.9% (2004 est.)
Solomon Islands
NA
Somalia
NA
South Africa
5.5% (2004 est.)
Spain
3% (2004 est.)
Sri Lanka
7.1% (2004 est.)
Sudan
8.5% (1999 est.)
Suriname
6.5% (1994 est.)
Swaziland
3.7% (FY95/96)
Sweden
5.5% (2004 est.)
Switzerland
4.7% (2004 est.)
Syria
7% (2002 est.)
Taiwan
12.2% (2004 est.)
Tajikistan
8.2% (2002 est.)
Tanzania
8.4% (1999 est.)
Thailand
8.5% (2004 est.)
Togo
NA
Tokelau
NA%
Tonga
8.6% (FY98/99)
Trinidad and Tobago
7.2% (2004 est.)
Tunisia
4.4% (2004 est.)
Turkey
16.5% (2004 est.)
Turkmenistan
official government estimate: 22% (2003 est.)
Turks and Caicos Islands
NA%
Tuvalu
NA%
Uganda
5.6% (2004 est.)
Ukraine
16.5% (2004 est.)
United Arab Emirates
4% (2000)
United Kingdom
0.9% (2004 est.)
United States
4.4% (2004 est.)
Uruguay
22% (2004 est.)
Uzbekistan
6.2% (2003 est.)
Vanuatu
1% (1997 est.)
Venezuela
12.3% (2004 est.)
Vietnam
16% (2004 est.)
Virgin Islands
NA%
Wallis and Futuna
NA%
West Bank
NA
Western Sahara
NA
World
3% (2003 est.)
Yemen
3% (2003 est.)
Zambia
6.9% (2004 est.)
Zimbabwe
-7.8% (2004 est.)
This page was last updated on 20 October, 2005
======================================================================