[613] Stanley’s _Hist. of Philos._, Pt. V. c. ii. p. 157, Lond. 1701.
Cf. Pliny, _Nat. Hist._, xi. 18.
Vide Pierius, _Hieroglyph._, p. 261-5. Populus regi suo obseques; Rex;
Regnum; Grata eloquentia; Poeticæ amœnitas; Futuri seculi beatitudo;
Dulcium appetitus; Diuturnæ valetudinis prosperitas; Meretrix; Exoticæ
disciplinæ; Prophetarum oracula, etc.
[614] _Lives of the Saints_, xii. 106.
[615] Quot. in _N. and Q._, x. 500. This story is not in the _Fem.
Monarchie_ of 1609, printed for Jos. Barnes.
[616] _Theatr. Ins._, p. 21-2. Topsel’s _Hist. of Beasts and Serpents_,
p. 645, 905.
[617] _N. and Q._, vi. 480.
[618] Gay’s _Pastorals_, v. 107-8.
[619] Chambers’ _Book of Days_, i. 752.
[620] Plutarch, _Nat. Quest._, 36. Holl. Trans., p. 831.
[621] _Nat. Hist._, xxviii. 7. Holl. Trans., p. 308.
[622] Plutarch, _Land and Water Creatures Compared_. Holl. Trans., p.
786.
[623] _Georg._ iv. 283-7. Dryden’s Trans.
[624] Swam. _Hist. of Ins._, Pt. I. p. 226.
[625] Martin’s _Georg. of Virgil_, iv. 295, note.
[626] Dryden’s _Virgil, Georg._ iv. 417-442. Democritus, said to have
been contemporary with Socrates and Hippocrates, the learned Varro,
Columella, and Plorentinus, have severally given this same receipt. Vide
Owen’s _Geoponika_, ii. 199.
[627] Hollings. _Chron._, i. 384.
[628] Swam. _Hist. of Ins._, Pt. I. p. 228.
[629] _N. and Q._, ii. 356.
[630] _Nat. Hist._, xix. 7. Holl. _Trans._, p. 23. E.
[631] _N. and Q._, ii. 165. Chamb. _Bk. of Days_, i. 752.
[632] _N. & Q._, xii. 200.
[633] _Mag. of Nat. Hist._, ii. 405.
[634] Bucke _on Nature_, i. 419.
[635] Brand’s _Pop. Antiq._, ii. 300.
[636] _Ibid._
[637] _Ibid._
[638] Thorpe’s _North. Mythol._, iii. 161.
[639] Vide _N. and Q._ in Devon, v. 148; Essex, v. 437; Lincolnshire,
iv. 270; Surrey, iv. 291; a Cornish superstition, too, xii. 38; in
Buckinghamshire, Sussex, Lithuania, and France, iv. 308.
[640] Brande’s _Pop. Antiq._, ii. 300.
[641] Bucke _on Nature_, i. 413, note.
[642] _N. and Q._, iv. 309.
[643] Brand’s _Pop. Antiq._, ii. 300.
[644] Fosbr. _Encycl. of Antiq._, ii. 738.
[645] Brand’s _Pop. Antiq._, ii. 300.
[646] Langstroth _on Honey-Bee_, p. 80.
[647] _Mag. of Nat. Hist._, iii. 211, note.
[648] _Ibid._, i. 303. London, 1829.
[649] Peter Rotharmel had three specialties: Bees, Wheat, and Bonaparte.
Concerning Bees, he had many strange notions, but the above recorded is
the only one of which I have any positive information. Concerning wheat,
at one time in his life he purchased an almanac, which indicated, among
other things, the high and low tides, and, from studying this, he got it
into his head that the fluctuations in the price of wheat were
intimately connected with the rise and fall of the tides. So impressed
was he with this idea, that he ever afterward yearly bought that
particular almanac, and prophesied from it to his neighbors the probable
value of their coming crops of wheat. On Sunday, he would walk fifteen
and twenty miles through the country, to examine the different
wheat-fields, and to afford him a topic of conversation for the ensuing
week. But Napoleon was his principal study and his greatest mania. On
him he would talk for hours, on the slightest provocation. The history
of Bonaparte and his campaigns, which he only read, was an old German
one.
[650] _Mag. of Nat. Hist._, ii. 209.
[651] _Geog._, Dryden’s _Trans._, iv. 82-9.
[652] _On the Honey-Bee_, p. 113.
[653] _N. and Q._, 2d Ser., ix. 443.
[654] _Nat. Hist._, xxi. 20, Holl. _Trans._, p. 106. K.
[655] Quot. in Brand’s _Pop. Antiq._, iii. 225.
[656] Langstroth _on the Honey-Bee_, p. 132.
[657] Quot. by Langstroth _on the Honey-Bee_, p. 231.
[658] Campbell’s _Travels in S. Africa_, p. 339.
[659] _Percy Soc. Public._, iv. 99.
[660] Owen’s _Geoponika_, ii. 109-10.
[661] _Nat. Hist._, xx. 13. Holl., p. 56. M.
[662] _Ibid._, Holl., p. 95. A.
[663] _Ibid._, xxi. 20. Holl., p. 106. K.
[664] _Ibid._, xxiii. 18. Holl., p. 173. A.
[665] _Ibid._, xxix. 4. Holl., p. 361. D.
[666] _Ibid._, xxx. 16. Holl., p. 399. F.
[667] Langstroth _on the Honey-Bee_, p. 316, note.
[668] Brand’s _Pop. Antiq._, iii. 225.
[669] _Georg._, iv. 280-4; Dryden’s _Trans._
[670] Fosb. _Encycl. of Antiq._, ii. 738.
[671] _Judg._ xiv. 8.
[672] Cf. Swammerdam, _Hist. of Ins._, Pt. I. p. 227, and Smith’s _Dict.
of the Bible_.
[673] Herod., v. 114-5.
[674] _Excursions_, i. 127.
[675] _Fem. Monarchie_, c. vi. 49.
[676] Williams’ _Chinese Empire_, i. 275.
[677] Chiflet, 164-181; Montf. _Monarch. Franc._, i. 12; Gough’s _Sepul.
Mon._, vol. i. p. lxii.
[678] Cf. _N. & Q._, vii. 478, 553; viii. 30.
[679] Harper’s _New Monthly Mag._, xxvi. 441.
[680] _Il._ β. 87; μ. 67; _Odyss._, ν. 106.
[681] Hesiod, Theog., 594, seq.
[682] Bucke _on Nature_, ii. 75.
[683] Cf. Kalm, ii. 427; Schneider, Observ. sur Ulloa, ii. 198.
[684] _Ibid._
[685] _Tour in the Prairies_, ch. ix.
[686] Langstroth _on the Honey-Bee_, p. 236.
[687] _Letters._
[688] _Voyages dans les Alpes._ _Ins. Misc._, p. 262.
[689] Brookes mentions the Duchy of Juliers, a district of Westphalia,
Germany.--_Nat. Hist. of Ins._, p. 160.
[690] Columella says the Greeks were accustomed, every year, to remove
the hives from Achaia into Attica.--_Ibid._
[691] One person in particular, in the territory called Gatonois, has
been at the pains of removing his hives, after the harvest of Sainfoin,
into the plains of Beauce, where the melilot abounds, and thence into
Sologne, where it is well known the Bees may enjoy the advantage of
buckwheat, till toward the end of September, for so long that plant
retains its flowers.--_Ibid._
[692] _Ins. Misc._, p. 262.
[693] _Mag. of Nat. Hist._, iii. 652.
[694] Wood’s _Zoog._, ii. 429.
[695] _Ins. Misc._, p. 263.
[696] Quot. by Langstroth--_On Honey-Bee_, p. 305, note.
[697] _Nat. Hist._, x. 9.
[698] _Journ. of Geog. Soc._, 1843, xiii. 40.
[699] Murray’s _Africa_, i. 168.
[700] Scot’s _Mag._, Nov. 1766. Chamb. _Journ._, 1st S. xi. 184.
[701] _The Bees._
[702] _Treatise on Bees_, 1769. _Ins. Misc._, p. 320-1.
[703] _Fem. Monarchie_, ch. i. 39.
[704] _Travels_, p. 178, Harper’s ed.
[705] B. VII. c. xvi. p. 667. Printed, 1613.
[706] Montaigne’s _Works_, p. 243.
[707] Lesser, ii. 171. K. & S. _Introd._, ii. 247.
[708] Knox, Pt. I. c. vi. p. 48.
[709] Martyr, p. 274.
[710] Banc. _Guiana_, p. 230.
[711] _Nat. Hist. of Selborne_, p. 293.
[712] _Trav._, i. 9.
[713] _Med. Dict._
[714] Langstroth _on Honey-Bee_, p. 315, note.
[715] _Med. Dict._
[716] _Fem. Monarchie_, c. x. 1.
[717] B. 3, c. xv. xvi. p. 274-9. See also extract from Works of Sir J.
More, London, 1707, given by Langstroth--_on the Honey-Bee_, p. 287,
note.
[718] _The Koran_, p. 219, note, Sale’s.
[719] _Ibid._, p. 219.
[720] Athen. _Deipn._, B. 2, c. 26.
[721] Moufet, _Theatr. Ins._, p. 29. Topsel’s _Trans._, p. 911.
[722] Brooke’s _Nat. Hist. of Ins._, p. 168.
[723] Quot. by Langstroth _on the Honey-Bee_, p. 78-9.
[724] _Anab._, B. 4.
[725] Pliny, _Nat. Hist._, xxi. 13. Tournefort, _Letters_, 17.
[726] _Mission. Lab._, p. 121.
[727] Hollingsh. _Chron._, i. 384.
[728] Hawk’s _Peruvian Antiq._, p. 198.
[729] _Voyage to C. of G. Hope_, i. 255.
[730] Jamieson’s _Scot. Dict._
[731] Wright’s _Prov. Dict._
[732] _Epigrams_, B. iv. epigr. 32.
[733] Smith’s _Dict. of the Bible_.
[734] Osbeck’s _Travels_, i. 32-3.
[735] Josselyn’s _Voy._, p. 121.
[736] Chambers’ _Pop. Rhymes of Scot._, p. 292. Edit. of 1841, p. 172.
[737] Dalyell’s _Superst. of Scotland_, p. 563.
[738] Shaw’s _Zool._, vi. 346-7. Wood’s _Zoog._, ii. 436-7.
[739] Kirby’s _Wonderful Museum_, v. 390-1, given at length.
[740] Kirby’s _Wond. Museum_, vi. 260-2, at length.
[741] Livy, B. 34, c. 10.
[742] _Ibid._, B. 40, c. 19.
[743] _Ibid._, B. 43, c. 13.
[744] Brown’s _Book of Butterflies_, i. 126.
[745] _Annales_, p. 15.
[746] _Ibid._
[747] Holling., i. 449. Graft., i. 37. Fabyan, p. 17.
[748] Howitt’s _North. Literat._, i. 187.
[749] Bucke _on Nature_, i. 277.
[750] Moufet, p. 107.
[751] Hone’s _Ev. Day Book_, p. 1127.
[752] Chambers’ _Domest. Annals of Scotland_, ii. 489.
[753] Gassendi’s _Life of Peireskius_, p. 123-5; and Reaumur, i. 638,
667.
[754] Shaw, _Zool._, vi. 206.
[755] The origin of red snow has likewise been a puzzle and query for
ages, and many theories have been advanced by philosophers and
naturalists to account for it. To those interested in the solution of
this phenomenon, the following extract from the _Mag. of Nat. Hist._,
vol. ii. p. 322, may be curious, if not satisfactory. Mr. Thomas
Nicholson, accompanied with two other gentlemen, made an excursion the
24th July, 1821, to Sowallick Point, near Bushman’s Island, in Prince
Regent’s Bay, in quest of meteoric iron. “The summit of the hill,” he
says, “forming the point, is covered with huge masses of granite, whilst
the side, which forms a gentle declivity to the bay, was covered with
crimson snow. It was evident, at first view, that this colour was
imparted to the snow by a substance lying on the surface. This substance
lay scattered here and there in small masses, bearing some resemblance
to powdered cochineal, surrounded by a lighter shade, which was produced
by the colouring matter being partly dissolved and diffused by the
deliquescent snow. During this examination our hats and upper garments
were observed to be daubed with a substance of a similar red colour, and
a moment’s reflection convinced us that this was the excrement of the
little Auk (_Uria alle_, Temmink), myriads of which were continually
flying over our heads, having their nests among the loose masses of
granite. A ready explanation of the origin of the red snow was now
presented to us, and not a doubt remained in the mind of any that this
was the correct one. The snow on the mountains of higher elevation than
the nests of these birds was perfectly white, and a ravine at a short
distance, which was filled with snow from top to bottom, but which
afforded no hiding-place for these birds to form their nests, presented
an appearance uniformly white.”
This testimony seems to be as clear and indisputable as the explanation
given by Peiresc of the ejecta of the Butterflies at Aix. But though it
will account, perhaps, for the red snow of the polar regions, it will
not explain that of the Alps, the Apennines, and the Pyrenees, which are
not, so far as is known, visited by the little Auk.--Vide _Ins.
Transf._, p. 352-5.
[756] Chamb. _Domes. Annals of Scotl._, ii. 199.
[757] Chamb. _Domes. Annals of Scotl._, ii. 447-8.
[758] _Gent. Mag._, xxxiv. 496.
[759] _Ibid._, xxxiv. 542.
[760] Bucke _on Nature_, i. 277.
[761] Brown’s _Bk. of Butterflies_, i. 129.
[762] Chamb. _Domes. Annals of Scotl._, ii. 448.
[763] Swam. _Hist. of Ins._, Pt. I. p. 40.
[764] Cf. the following verses from Ex. vii. 19: “And the LORD spake
unto Moses, Say unto Aaron, Take thy rod, and stretch out thine hand
upon the waters of Egypt, upon their streams, upon their rivers, and
upon their ponds, and upon all their pools of water, that they may
become blood; and that there may be blood throughout all the land of
Egypt, both in vessels of wood and in vessels of stone.
“20. And Moses and Aaron did so, as the LORD commanded; and he lifted up
the rod, and smote the waters that were in the river in the sight of
Pharaoh, and in the sight of his servants; and all the waters that were
in the river were turned to blood.”
[765] Swam. _Hist. of Ins._, Pt. I. p. 40.
[766] Chamb. _Journ._, 2d S. xvii. 231.
[767] _Sil. Journ._, xli. 403-4, and xliv. 216.
[768] _Naturforsch_, xi. 94.
[769] _Travels_, i. 13.
[770] _Royal Milit. Chron._ for March, 1815, p. 452. K. and S.
_Introd._, ii. 11.
[771] _Mag. of Nat. Hist._, i. 387, and _Mem. de la Soc. de Phys. et
d’Hist. Nat. de Genève_.
[772] _Penny Mag._, 1844, p. 3.
[773] _Gent. Mag._, liv. 744.
[774] _Researches_, ch. viii. p. 158.
[775] Brown’s _Bk. of Butterf._, p. 101.
[776] _Lake Ngami_, p. 267.
[777] _Naturalist in Bermuda_, p. 120.
[778] Tennent’s _Nat. Hist. of Ceylon_, ch. xii. p. 407.
[779] _Theatr. Ins._, p. 107. Topsel’s _Hist. of Beasts_, p. 974.
[780] Bryant’s _Anct. Mythol._, ii. 386.
[781] Fosbroke, _Encycl. of Antiq._, ii. 738.
[782] _Travels._ He doubtless refers to an Indian _totem_.
[783] _N. and Q._, iii. 4.
[784] Du Halde, _China_, p. 21-2; Grosier’s _China_, i. 570; Williams’
_Mid. Kingd._, i. 273; Astley’s _Col. of Voy. and Trav._, iv. 512.
[785] Harris’s _Col. of Voy. and Trav._, ii. 987.
[786] Osbeck, _Travels_, i. 331.
[787] _Ibid._, i. 324.
[788] Stedman, _Surinam_, i. 279. Cf. Bancroft, _Guiana_, p. 229.
[789] _Anat. of Melanch._, 1651, p. 268.
[790] _Life of Lord Herbert of Cherbury_, p. 134.
[791] _The Mirror_, xxv. 160.
[792] Harris’s _Col. of Voy. and Trav._, i. 790.
[793] _Egypt. and Chinese_, ii. 106.
[794] Simmond’s _Curios. of Food_, p. 312.
[795] _Gatherings of a Nat. in Austral._, p. 288.
[796] _Hist. of Ins._, p. 3.
[797] Reaumur considers this cry to be produced by the friction of the
palpi against the proboscis (_Memoires_, ii. 293). Huber, but without
mentioning the particulars, says he has ascertained that Reaumur was
quite mistaken (_On Bees_, p. 313, note). Schroeter ascribes the sound
to the rubbing of the tongue against the head; and Rösel to the friction
of the chest upon the abdomen. M. de Johet thinks it is produced by the
air being suddenly propelled against these scales by the action of the
wings. M. Lorry states that the sound arises from the air escaping
rapidly through peculiar cavities communicating with the spiracles, and
furnished with a fine tuft of hairs on the sides of the abdomen (Cuv.
_An. Kingd.--Ins._, ii. 678). Mr. E. L. Layard seems to be of the same
opinion (Tennent’s _Nat. Hist. of Ceylon_, p. 427). But M. Passerini,
curator of the Museum of Nat. Hist. at Florence, has lately investigated
the subject more minutely. He traced the origin of the sound to the
interior of the head, in which he discovered a cavity at the passage
where muscles are placed for impelling and expelling the air. M. Dumeril
has since discovered a sort of membrane stretched over this cavity,
like, as he says, to the head of a drum. M. Duponchel has also confirmed
by experiment the opinions of Passerini and Dumeril, and confutes Lorry,
whose notion was generally adopted, by stating that the noise is
produced from the head when the body of the insect is removed (_Annales
des Sci. Nat._, Mars., 1828).
[798] Cf. _Penny Encycl._, _sub._ Sphinx, and _The Mirror_, xix. 212.
[799] _Hist. of Ins._, p. 191.
[800] Reaumur, ii. 289. Shaw, _Zool._, vi. 217.
[801] _Saturday Mag._, xix. 102.
[802] _Notes and Queries_, xii. 200.
[803] Bonnet, _Œvres_, ii. 124.
[804] _China_, p. 253. Astley’s _Col. of Voy. and Trav._, iv. 138.
[805] Williams’ _Middle Kingdom_, ii. 121-2.
[806] Colebrook, _Asiat. Research._, v. 61.
[807] Aristotle, v. 17-9. Pliny, ix. 20.
[808] Paus. _Hist. of Greece_, B. 6, c. 26.
[809] Aristot. _Hist. An._, v. 19.
[810] Pliny, _Nat. Hist._, xi. 23.
[811] _Ibid._, xi. 22.
[812] Tacitus, _Ann._, B. 2, c. 33.
[813] _Nat. Hist._, xi. 22.
[814] Cf. Gibbon’s _Decl. and Fall of Rom. Em._, c. 40.
[815] Some authors, however, assert that the name was suggested by the
resemblance of the Morea to the shape of the mulberry-leaf, a less
plausible opinion by far than the former.
[816] Thuanus, in contradiction to most other writers, makes the
manufacture of silk to be introduced into Sicily two hundred years
later, by Robert the Wise, King of Sicily and Count of Provence.
[817] Burgon’s _Life of Sir Thomas Gresham_, 1839, i. 110, 302.
[818] Stow’s _Chronicle_, edit. 1631, p. 887.
[819] Keysler, _Trav._, i. 289.
[820] Olin, _Travels_.
[821] _Polit. Essay on N. Spain_, iii. 59.
[822] Skinner’s _Pres. State of Peru_, p. 346, note. Southey’s _Hist. of
Brazil_, iii. 644. Calancha’s _Augustine Hist. of Peru_, i. 66.
[823] Cuvier, _An. King.--Ins._, ii. 634.
[824] _Pilgrims_, iii. 442.
[825] Darwin, _Phytolog._, p. 364. Donovan’s _Ins. of China_, p. 6.
[826] Hollman, _Travels_, p. 473.
[827] Donovan’s _Ins. of China_, p. 6.
[828] _Med. Dict._
[829] Geoffroy, _Treat. on Subst. used in Physic_, p. 383.
[830] _Twelve Years in China_, p. 14.
[831] _Twelve Years in China_, p. 14.
[832] _Ibid._
[833] _Ibid._, p. 194.
[834] _Memoires of Robt. Houdin_, p. 161.
[835] _Mag. of Nat. Hist._, vi. 9.
[836] Baird’s _Encycl. of Nat. Sci._ Shaw’s _Zool._, vi. 229.
[837] Pinkerton’s _Col. of Voy. and Trav._, vii. 705.
[838] _Theatr. Ins._, p. 88. Topsel’s _Hist. of Beasts_, p. 958.
[839] Moufet, p. 108. Topsel, p. 975.
[840] _Monthly Mag._, 7 (Pt. I.) xxxix. 1799.
[841] _Pilgrims_, ii. 1034.
[842] Owen’s _Geoponika_, ii. 99.
[843] Pliny, _Nat. Hist._, xxviii. 7 (23).
[844] Col. B. x.
[845] Ælian, B. xi. c. 3.
[846] Pliny, _Nat. Hist._, xxviii. 7 (23).
[847] Vide Owen’s _Geoponika_, ii. 99.
[848] Col. _In Hort._, v. 357.
[849] Pallad. B. i. c. 35.
[850] _Theatr. Ins._, p. 193. Topsel’s _Hist. of Beasts_, p. 1041 and
670.
[851] _Hist. of Indians of U. S._, v. p. 70.
[852] _Hist, of Beasts_, p. 30.
[853] Moufet, _Theatr. Ins._, p. 194. Topsel’s _Hist. of Beasts_, pp.
670, 1041.
[854] _Med. Dict._
[855] Tennent, _Nat. Hist. of Ceylon_, p. 431.
[856] Köllar’s _Treat. on Ins._, Lond. Trans., p. 105-36. Curtis’s _Farm
Insects_, p. 507.
[857] Lilly’s _Prophetical Merlin_, pub. in 1644.
[858] Josselyn’s _Voy._, p. 116.
[859] Jamieson’s _Scot. Dict._, ii. 144.
[860] _Mag. of Nat. Hist._, i. 66.
[861] Harper’s _New Monthly Mag._, xxii. 41.
[862] _Theatr. Ins._, p. 274. Topsel’s _Hist. of Beasts_, p. 1100.
[863] _On the Honey-Bee_, p. 248.
[864] _Ibid._, p. 238, note.
[865] It is a philosophical fact that the female Cicadas are not capable
of making any noise--the above distich evinces its early discovery.
[866] _Symposiaques._ B. 8. Holl. _Trans._, p. 630.
[867] Thuc. B. 1, vi. (Bohn’s ed.).
[868] On Aristoph., _Vesp._ 230.
[869] Cited by Athen., 525.
[870] Cicada-combs are alluded to in Aristoph., Eq. 1331. Cf. also
Philostr. _Imag._, p. 837. Heracl. Pont., cited by Athen., p. 512.
Bloomfield’s _Thucid._, i. 14.
[871] Cited by Athen., p. 842 (Bohn’s ed.).
[872] Strabo, _Geog._ B. 6.
[873] _Iliad_, iii. 152. Buckley’s translation, p. 53.
[874] _Georg._ iii. 328. Cf. Bucol. ii. Sir J. E. Smith, Tour., iii. 95,
says also that the common Italian species makes a most disagreeable and
dull chirping. The Cicadas of Africa, it is said, may be heard half a
mile off; and the sound of one in a room will put a whole company to
silence. Thunberg asserts that those of Java utter a sound as shrill and
piercing as that of a trumpet. Captain Hancock informed Messrs. Kirby
and Spence that the Brazilian Cicadas sing as loud as to be heard at the
distance of a mile. _Introd._, ii. 400. The sound of our American
species, _C. septemdecim_, has been compared to the ringing of
horse-bells. The tettix of the Greeks, says Dr. Shaw, _Travels_, 2d
edit., p. 186, must have had quite a different voice, more soft surely
and more melodious; otherwise the fine orators of Homer, who are
compared to it, can be looked upon as no better than loud, loquacious
scolds.
[875] _Theatr. Ins._, p. 134. Topsel’s _Hist. of Beasts_, p. 994. Vide
Pierius’ _Hieroglyph._, p. 270-1. Initiatus sacris; Dicacitatis
castigatio; Vana garrulitas; Nobilitas generis; Musica.
[876] V. 2, c. 4, Donovan’s _Ins. of China_, p. 32.
[877] _Middle Kingd._
[878] _Surinam_, 49.
[879] Tennent, _Nat. Hist. of Ceylon_, p. 432.
[880] _Desc. of China_, i. 442.
[881] Oliphant’s _Lord Elgin’s Miss. to China_, p. 565.
[882] _Hist. An._, B. 5, c. 24, § 3, 4. Bohn’s edit.
[883] Cf. Bochart, _Hieroz._, ii. 491.
[884] _Phil. Trans._, 1763, n. 10.
[885] _Travels_, i. 331.
Baird says, but on what authority he does not state, that Cicadas are
frequently to be seen represented on the Egyptian monuments, and are
said to be emblems of the ministers of religion.--_Encycl. of Nat. Sci._
[886] _Insects of Surinam_, p. 49.
[887] Jaeger, _Life of N. A. Ins._, p. 73.
[888] _Ins. of China_, p. 30. That the Lantern-fly emits no light, see
_Dict. d’Hist. Nat._; M. Richards’ statement in _Encyclop._, art.
_Fulgora_; _Berlin Mag._, i. 153; Kirby and Spence, _Introd._, ii. 414,
note; Jaeger, _qua supra_.
[889] Stedman, _Surinam_, ii. 37.
[890] _Hist. of Barbados_, p. 65.
[891] Nat. Hist., xi. 12. Holl. _Trans._, i. 315. E.
[892] Theoph. _Hist. Plant._, iii. 7, 6. Cf. Hes. _Opp. et Dies_, 232,
seq. and Bacon, _Syl. Sylvarum_, 496.
[893] St. John’s _Anct. Greeks_, ii. 299.
[894] B. 3, c. xvi. p. 278. Printed 1613.
[895] _Nat. Hist. of Selborne_, p. 366.
[896] K. and S. _Introd._, ii. 9.
[897] Reaumur, iii. xxxi. Pref.
[898] Isaiah, ch. i. v. 18.
[899] Ex. ch. xxvi. xxviii. xxix.
[900] Diosc. iv. 48, p. 260. Pausan. B. x. p. 890.
[901] Beckman’s _Hist. of Inventions_, ii. 163-195. Bancroft _on Perm.
Colors_, i. 393-408.
[902] _Nat. Hist. of Ins._, p. 77.
[903] Bancroft _on Permanent Colors_, i. 408-9.
[904] _Hist. of Inventions_, ii. 184.
[905] _Ibid._, 192.
[906] Shaw’s _Zool._, vi. 192.
[907] _Subst. used in Physic_, p. 370.
[908] _Phil. Trans._ for 1791.
[909] Bancroft _on Permanent Colors_, ii. 1-59.
[910] _Baird’s Cyclop. of Nat. Sci._
[911] _Theatr. Ins._, p. 270.
[912] Ray, _Hist. Ins._, 7.
[913] Hence the English word _Bug-bear_. In Matthew’s Bible, the passage
of the Psalms (xci. 5), “Thou shalt not be afraid of _the terror_ by
night,” is rendered, “Thou shalt not nede to be afraid of any _bugs_ by
night.” _Bug_ in this sense often occurs in Shakspeare. _Winter’s Tale_,
A. iii. Sc. 2, 3; _Henry VI._, A. v. Sc. 2; _Hamlet_, A. v. Sc. 2.
[914] _Journal_, xvii. 40.
[915] Churchill’s _Col. of Voy. and Trav._, iv. 190.
[916] _Oriental Memoirs_, i. 256.
[917] Astley’s _Col. of Voy. and Trav._, iv. 513. Churchill’s _same_, i.
34.
[918] Owen’s _Geoponika_, ii. 160.
[919] Dr. James says: “Given to the number of seven, as food with beans,
they help those who are afflicted with a quartan ague, if they be eaten
before the accession of the fit.”--_Med. Dict._
[920] An excellent method, Ajasson remarks, of adding to the tortures of
the patient.
[921] Pliny, _Nat. Hist._, xxix. 17. Bostock and Riley’s _Trans._, v.
393.
[922] _Med. Dict._
[923] _Theatr. Ins._, p. 270-1. Topsel’s _Hist. of Beasts_, p. 1098.
[924] Owen’s _Geoponika_, ii. 157.
[925] _London Labor and the London Poor_, iii. 36-9.
[926] _Annals of Nat. Hist._ Simmond’s _Curiosities of Food_, p.
308-311.
[927] _Nature and Art_, xii. 198.
[928] The numerous family of _Culicidæ_ are confounded under the common
names of Gnat and Mosquito; hence many mistakes will necessarily arise.
[929] _Theat. Ins._, p. 81. Topsel’s _Hist. of Beasts_, p. 952.
[930] Quot. in N. & Q., ix. 303.
[931] _Phil. Trans._, lvii. 113; Bingley’s _Anim. Biog._, iv. 205.
[932] Germar’s _Mag. der Entomol._, i. 137.
[933] K. & S. _Introd._, i. 114.
[934] _Phil. Trans._, lvii. 112-3.
[935] _Mag. of Nat. Hist._, vi. 545.
[936] _Hist. of Barbados_, p. 63.
[937] _Theatr. Ins._, p. 86. Topsel’s _Hist. of Beasts_, p. 956.
[938] Silliman’s _Journal_, xxii. 375.
[939] _Personal Narrative_, E. T. v. 87. Humboldt has given a detailed
account of these insect plagues, by which it appears that among them
there are diurnal and crepuscular, as well as nocturnal species, or
genera: the Mosquitoes, signifying _little flies_ (_Simulia_), flying in
the day; the _Temporaneros_, flying during twilight; and the Zancudos,
meaning _long-legs_ (_Culices_), in the night.
[940] Stedm. _Surinam_, ii. 93.
[941] _Ins. Theatr._, p. 82.
[942] _Travels_, 8vo. edit. p. 205.
[943] _Ins. Theatr._, p. 81.
[944] _View of Jamaica_, p. 91.
[945] Herod. Taylor’s _Trans._, p. 141.
[946] Nat. _Hist. of Ceylon_, p. 435.
[947] Jackson’s _Morocco_, p. 57.
[948] _Travels_, i. 388.
[949] _Ins. Theatr._, p. 85.
[950] Theod. _Eccles. Hist._, B. ii. ch. xxx.
[951] _N. A. Ins._, p. 317.
[952] _Roman History_, B. xviii. c. 7, § 5.
[953] _Three Years in California_, p. 250.
[954] _Introd._, i. 119.
[955] Owen’s _Geoponika_, ii. 150.
[956] _Lives of the Saints_, i. 50.
[957] Lawson’s _Bible Cyclop._, ii. 558, 3 v. 8vo.
[958] Kirb. and Sp. _Introd._, ii. 8.
[959] _Gent. Mag._, 1738, viii. 577.
[960] _Ibid._, xxiv. 274.
[961] _Travels_, ii. 5; 34-5; 51. Lond. 1802. 4to.