o. _Macareus_ group.
89. PAPILIO VEIOVIS, Hewitson.
_P. Veiovis_, Hew. Ex. Butt. Pap. pl. 7. f. 20 (♂).
_Hab._ Menado (Celebes) (“_Coll. Hewitson._”).
_Remark._—This fine new species has been recently received from Menado,
and seems best placed in this group, near _P. Encelades_.
90. PAPILIO ENCELADES, Boisduval.
_P. Encelades_, Bd. Sp. Gén. Lép. p. 376; Hewitson, Ex. Butt. Pap. pl.
4. f. 10 (♂).
_Hab._ Macassar (Celebes) (_Wall._).
91. PAPILIO DEUCALION, Boisduval.
_P. Deucalion_, Bd. Sp. Gén. Lép. p. 375; Hewitson, Ex. Butt. Pap. pl.
4. f. 11 (♀).
_Hab._ Macassar, Menado (Celebes) (_Wall._).
_Remarks._—At Macassar I took only males of _P. Encelades_, and females
of _P. Deucalion_ at the same spot (a half-dry river-bed), and therefore
conjectured that they might be sexes of one species, although so unlike.
Some years afterwards, however, I took at Menado a fine male of _P.
Deucalion_, which only differs in its rather smaller size and brighter
colouring.
92. PAPILIO IDÆOIDES, Hewitson.
_P. Idæoides_, Hew. Ex. Butt. Pap. pl. 1. f. 2.
_Hab._ Philippine Islands (♂) (_Brit. Mus._).
_Remark._—This singular species must closely resemble on the wing
_Hestia Leuconoë_, from the same islands.
93. PAPILIO DELESSERTII, Guérin.
_P. Delessertii_, Guér.; Deless. Souvenirs, t. 17.
_Hab._ Pulo Penang (_Hope Museum, Oxford_).
_Remark._—This resembles the species of _Hestia_ and _Idæopsis_, from
the same locality, and is intermediate in size. It has been confounded
with the next.
94. PAPILIO DEHAANII, Wallace.
_P. Laodocus_, De Haan, Verh. Nat. Gesch. t. 8. f. 5 (nec Fab.); _P.
Melanides_, Erichs. Archiv für Natur. 1843 (nec De Haan, 1839).
_Hab._ Malacca, Borneo (_Wall._), Java (_Leyden Mus._).
_Remarks._—The Bornean specimens are rather larger, and have the yellow
anal spot somewhat differently shaped. The two names which have been
applied to this species having been preoccupied, I have named it after
the first describer.
95. PAPILIO LEUCOTHOË, Westwood.
_P. Leucothoë_, Westw. Arc. Ent. pl. 79. f. 3; _P. Xenocles_, var.,
Brit. Mus. List of Pap.
_Hab._ Singapore, Malacca (_Wall._), N. India.
96. PAPILIO MACAREUS, Godart.
_P. Macareus_, Godt. Enc. Méth. ix. pl. 76; Horsf. Desc. Cat. Lep. E.
1. C. pl. 5. f. 1; Boisd. Sp. Gén. Lép. p. 374.
_P. striatus_, Zink. Beitr. Ins. Java, t. 14. f. 5.
_Hab._ Malacca (_Wall._), Java (_Horsfield_), Borneo (_Leyden Mus._).
This species closely resembles _Danais Aglaë_, Cr., found in the same
islands.
97. PAPILIO STRATOCLES, Felder.
_P. Stratocles_, Feld. Lép. Nov. Philipp, p. 2.
_Hab._ Mindanao (Philippines).
98. PAPILIO THULE, n. s. Tab. VII. fig. 1 (♂).
Form of _P. Macareus_, but smaller.
Above:—brown-black, spotted and marked with greenish white; a row of
spots near the outer margin of all the wings, and on the upper wings a
second row between the first and the end of the cell, three or four
others close to the cell, and 5–7 irregularly placed in the cell; the
spot next the outer angle is double, and the two lower spots of the
second row are continued indistinctly to the cell. The lower wings have
a mark at the end of the cell, and five elongated spots radiating from
it between the nervures.
Beneath:—brown, with the spots all whiter and more distinct. Neck with
four white points; abdomen dusky, with pale lines on the sides and
beneath.
Expanse of wings 3¾ inches.
_Hab._ New Guinea (♂) (_Wall._).
Variety or local form _a_.—Like the above, but with the discal spots of
the lower wings united into a transverse band divided by fine nervures.
_Hab._ Waigiou Island (♂) (_Wall._).
This species imitates _Danais sobrina_, Bd., a New Guinea species. The
figure represents the upper surface of both forms of this insect.
p. _Antiphates_ group.
99. PAPILIO ANTIPHATES, Cramer.
_P. Antiphates_, Cr. Pap. Ex. t. 72, f. A, B; Boisd. Sp. Gén. Lép. p.
248.
_P. Pompilius_, Fab.; Lucas, Lep. Ex. t. 22. f. 1; Godt. Enc. Méthod,
ix. p. 49.
_P. Alcibiades_, Fab.; Godt. Enc. Méthod, ix. p. 49.
_Hab._ India, China (“_type_”).
Local form _a_.—_Podalirius Pompilius_, Sw. Zool. Ill. 2nd ser. pl. 105.
_Hab._ Malacca, Sumatra, Java, Borneo (_Wall._).
These differ from the type in the black apical portion not quite
reaching the outer angle, and in the first and second bands on the upper
wings not extending below the cell. The fourth band varies in extent, as
does the amount of grey colouring in the caudal region.
100. PAPILIO EUPHRATES, Felder.
_P. Euphrates_, Feld. Lep. Nov. Philipp. p. 12; _P. Coretes_, Brit.
Mus. List of Papilionidæ (no description).
_Hab._ Philippine Islands.
101. PAPILIO ANDROCLES, Boisduval. Tab. VII. fig. 5 (♂).
_P. Androcles_, Bd. Sp. Gén. Lép. p. 279.
_Hab._ Macassar (Celebes) (_Wall._).
_Remarks._—I only met with this magnificent species on one occasion, on
the banks of a mountain-stream and on the sands close to a waterfall.
When resting on the ground, the very long white tails are raised up at a
considerable angle, and are very conspicuous.
102. PAPILIO DORCUS, De Haan.
_P. Dorcus_, De Haan, Verh. Nat. Gesch. Zool. t. 7. f. 4.
_Hab._ Gorontalo (N. Celebes) (“_Leyden Museum_”).
103. PAPILIO RHESUS, Boisduval.
_P. Rhesus_, Bd. Sp. Gén. Lép. p. 253.
_Hab._ Macassar (Celebes) (_Wall._). “Bengal,” the locality given by
Boisduval, is erroneous.
104. PAPILIO ARISTÆUS, Cramer.
_P. Aristæus_, Cr. Pap. Ex. t. 318, f. E, F; Boisd. Sp. Gén. Lép. p.
252.
_Hab._ Ceram, Batchian (_Wall._).
105. PAPILIO PARMATUS, G. R. Gray.
_P. Parmatus_, G. R. Gray, Cat. Lep. Ins. Brit. Mus. pl. 3. f. 2.
_Hab._ Aru Islands, Waigiou (_Wall._), Australia (_Brit. Mus._).
_Remarks._—The Aru specimen agrees almost exactly with the type specimen
in the British Museum. The Waigiou insect is rather darker on the under
surface, and has the black markings more sharply defined.
q. _Eurypylus_ group.
106. PAPILIO CODRUS, Cramer.
_P. Codrus_, Cr. Pap. Ex. t. 179. f. A, B; Boisd. Sp. Gén. Lép. p.
228.
_Hab._ Amboyna and Ceram (_type_) (♂, ♀) (_Wall._).
Local form _a_ (_Gilolensis_).—Differs from the true _P. Codrus_ in
having always an additional semiovate spot below the submedian nervure,
and in having a small round spot on the anterior margin of the lower
wings beneath: it is also rather smaller.
_Hab._ Batchian and Gilolo (_Wall._)
Subspecies _b_ (_Celebensis_).—Fore wings in the male more attenuate,
with the costal margin more curved than in true _P. Codrus_; upper
surface more green and glossy; an additional large quadrate spot on the
inner margin of the fore wings. Under surface lighter brown, the whitish
marks near the anal angle wanting; a dark subtriangular band across the
cell of the fore wings. Rather smaller than _P. Codrus_.
_Hab._ Celebes, Sulla Islands (_Wall._).
Subspecies _c_ (_Papuensis_).—Hind wings less elongate than in the true
_P. Codrus_; macular band much broader, and reaching the inner margin of
the upper wings, the lower portion divided by nervures only; the band
continued on the lower wings by means of an obscure white fascia.
Beneath, the greenish white band continues on to the lower wings, but
gradually fades away after reaching the cell. Expanse of wings 4¼
inches.
_Hab._ Waigiou, Aru Island (_Wall._).
_Remarks._—This approaches the next species. Subspecies _b_ and _c_ I
consider to be really as distinct as many universally received species,
differing in form and in several points of coloration. As, however, it
is probable that there are forms in other islands which may present
intermediate characters, I prefer retaining the whole under the old
specific name.
107. PAPILIO MELANTHUS, Felder.
_P. Melanthus_, Feld. Lep. Nov. Philipp. p. 12.
_Hab._ Mindanao (Philippines).
108. PAPILIO EMPEDOCLES, Fabricius.
_P. Empedocles_, Fab. Ent. Syst. iii. 1. p. 70; Don. Ins. Ind. pl. 17.
f. 1; Boisd. Sp. Gén. Lép. p. 229.
_Hab._ Borneo (_Wall._).
109. PAPILIO PAYENI, Boisduval.
_P. Payeni_, Bd. Sp. Gén. Lép. p. 235; Van der Hoeven, Tijd. von Nat.
Gesch. v. t. 8, f. 1, 2, 6.
_Hab._ Borneo (_Wall._), Java (_Van der Hoeven_).
_Remarks._—This remarkable species has been placed by Boisduval in a
group by itself. It, however, agrees very closely in habits and
structure with this group, and can hardly, I think, be separated, though
very abnormal in colouring. _P. Evan_, Db., is a closely allied species
from India; and _P. Gyas_, Westw., from the same country, is also nearly
related, though it has been hitherto placed in another section of the
genus.
110. PAPILIO SARPEDON, Linnæus.
_P. Sarpedon_, L.; Cram. Pap. Ex. t. 122. f. D, E.; Boisd. Sp. Gén.
Lép. p. 235.
_Chlorisses Sarpedon_, Sw. Zool. Ill. 2nd ser. pl. 89.
_Hab._ Borneo, Sumatra (typical), New Guinea, Aru Is. (darker), Java
(broader band) (_Wall._).
Local form _a_ (_Moluccensis_, Cram. Pap. Ex. t. 122. f. D, E).—Black,
with the bands and spots rich blue.
_Hab._ Ceram, Batchian, Gilolo, Bouru (_Wall._). (The Ceylon form
closely resembles this.)
111. PAPILIO MILETUS, n. s. Tab. VII. fig. 2 (♂).
Wings larger and more falcate than in _P. Sarpedon_, costal margin
abruptly curved near the base of the wing.
Above, black; macular band rich blue, very narrow, the spots on the
upper wings all more or less rounded and separated by thick black bands;
the marginal lunules large and angularly bent.
Beneath, the upper wings have a row of four pearly-white lunules from
the outer angle; and there is one of the same colour at the outer angle
of the lower wings, which have also an additional red spot on the margin
of the cell, below the first branch of the subcostal nervure. Expanse of
wings 4¾ inches.
_Hab._ Macassar and Menado (Celebes) (_Wall._).
_Remarks._—I have separated this species from all the other forms of _P.
Sarpedon_, because, while they differ in markings and colour only, this
differs greatly in form as well as very strikingly in size, colour, and
markings. I cannot conceive, therefore, why such a combination of
distinctive peculiarities should not entitle it to specific rank.
112. PAPILIO WALLACEI, Hewitson.
_P. Wallacei_, Hew. Ex. Butt., “Papilio,” iii. f. 7.
_Hab._ Aru Islands, Batchian (_Wall._).
_Remark._—This isolated species is very rare: I obtained a single male
specimen in each of the above localities in the virgin forest.
113. PAPILIO BATHYCLES, Zinken.
_P. Bathycles_, Zink. Beitr. Ins. Java, p. 157, tab. 14. f. 6, 7;
Boisd. Sp. Gén. Lép. p. 232.
_Hab._ Java, Borneo, Malacca (_Wall._).
_Remark._—The Indian form generally confounded with this I consider to
be a very distinct species, for which I propose the name of _P. Chiron_,
and add a description below[15].
Footnote 15:
PAPILIO CHIRON, n. s.
_P. Bathycles_ (partly), Brit. Mus. List of Papilionidæ.
Very near _P. Bathycles_, Zinken. Fore wings rather broader at the
tip; hind wings considerably less elongate posteriorly.
Above:—fore wings have the three larger green spots separated by broad
black spaces, the first produced towards the base of the wing, the
second notched above; the fourth spot in the cell much more linear.
Hind wings have the green markings more elongate and narrower, and an
additional narrow mark at the abdominal margin.
Beneath, the spots all separated by broad black lines; the abdominal
stripe, which is quite wanting in _P. Bathycles_, larger than above;
an ochre-yellow spot on the hind wings, near the base of the inner
margin (absent in _P. Bathycles_); the submarginal pale spots larger,
and the row of reddish-ochre spots less developed. Expanse of wings 3⅓
inches.
_Hab._ Assam, Sylhet.
114. PAPILIO EURYPYLUS, Linnæus.
_P. Eurypylus_, L.; Cram. Pap. Ex. t. 122. f. C, D; Boisd. Sp. Gén.
Lép. p. 233.
_Hab._ Amboyna (type), Ceram, Bouru, Batchian, New Guinea (_Wall._).
_Remark._—The _male_ has the abdomen above and abdominal margin white;
the _female_ blackish.
115. PAPILIO JASON, Esper.
_P. Jason_, Esp. Ausl. Schmett. t. 58. f. 5; _P. Jason_, L.? _P.
Eurypylus_, var., Boisd. Sp. Gén. Lép. p. 233.
_Hab._ Malacca, Sumatra, Borneo (♂, ♀) (_Wall._).
_Remarks._—This species is readily distinguished from _P. Eurypylus_ by
the abdomen above, and the abdominal margin, being black in both sexes,
by the smaller size, more pointed upper wings, and by the lower wings
having a narrower band and larger spots. of a deeper green colour. On
the under surface the marginal lunules, the cell-spots, and sub-basal
stripe are all larger.
Variety or dimorphic form _a_.—_Evemon_, Boisd. Sp. Gén. Lép. p. 234.
_Hab._ Malacca, Java, Sumatra, Borneo (♂, ♀). (_Wall._)
This may be a distinct species, but is more probably a case of
dimorphism. The two forms are absolutely identical, except that the red
spot at the base of the lower wings beneath, in _P. Jason_, is
constantly absent in _P. Evemon_.
116. PAPILIO TELEPHUS, n. s. Tab. VII. fig. 4 (♂).
Larger than _P. Eurypylus_; anterior wings more elongated, with their
costal margin abruptly curved near the base.
Above, the four spots in the cell of the upper wings linear, of equal
width, not increasing in thickness from the base outwards, as in _P.
Eurypylus_; the macular band narrower, nearly white on the lower wings;
abdomen and abdominal margin pure white.
Beneath, the red anal spot is not produced upwards along the abdominal
margin, the pearly spots have a distinct dusky border, owing to their
exceeding in size those on the upper surface. Expanse of wings 4¼
inches.
_Hab._ Celebes (_Wall._).
_Remarks._—This is a powerful species of very rapid flight, and
difficult to capture. It comes about muddy places in the villages of
South Celebes, and is also found abundantly at pools in the half-dry
mountain-streams. I consider it quite distinct from all the allied
forms.
117. PAPILIO ÆGISTUS, Linnæus.
_P. Ægistus_, L.; Cram. Pap. Ex. t. 241. f. C, D; Boisd. Sp. Gén. Lép.
p. 231.
_Hab._ Ceram, Gilolo, Batchian, Aru Islands (_Wall._)
118. PAPILIO AGAMEMNON, Linnæus.
_P. Agamemnon_, L.; Cram. Pap. Ex. t. 106. f. C, D; Boisd. Sp. Gén.
Lép. p. 230.
This species presents numerous slight modifications of form and marking,
which seem hardly prominent enough to characterize as species, though
tolerably constant in each locality. Type tailed.
_Hab._ India, Manilla.
Local form _a_. Tail shorter; wings rather pointed.
_Hab._ Timor, Flores (_Wall._).
Local form _b_. Tail as in the last; two outer rows of spots on the
lower wings absent.
_Hab._ Ké Island (_Wall._).
Local form _c_. Size small; tail very short.
_Hab._ Malacca, Sumatra, Borneo, Java (_Wall._).
Local form _d_. Wings much elongated, abruptly curved near the base;
tail very short; size large.
_Hab._ Celebes (_Wall._).
Local form _e_. Broader and less sinuated wings, body large, tail very
short.
_Hab._ Ceram, Bouru, Batchian (_Wall._).
Local form _f_. Form of _c_; tail reduced to a tooth; markings and spots
well defined, rounded.
_Hab._ New Guinea, Aru Islands, Waigiou (_Wall._).
119. PAPILIO RAMA, Felder.
_P. Rama_, Feld. Lep. Nov. Mal. p. 1. _P. Arycles_, Boisd. Sp. Gén.
Lép. p. 231?
_Hab._ Malacca, Sumatra (_Wall._).
_Remarks._—I have little doubt but this is the _P. Arycles_ of
Boisduval. His description, however, does not mention the distinctive
character of the four large spots only in the discoidal cell; I have
therefore used Dr. Felder’s name.
LEPTOCIRCUS, Swainson.
This small but interesting genus differs somewhat from _Papilio_ in the
neuration of the wings, but is best distinguished by the longitudinal
fold and great elongation of the hind wings. The species frequent water,
often settling on the edges of rills, or hovering over pools and
rivulets in the sunshine. The few species known are all very closely
allied, and might with equal propriety have been considered as local
forms of one species. Three have been already described, and I have
therefore thought it better to add one more, than to attempt to reduce
those which have been generally accepted as species to a lower rank.
120. LEPTOCIRCUS MEGES, Zinken.
_P. Meges_, Zink. Beitr. Ins. Java, p. 161, tab. 15. f. 8.
_Leptocircus Curius_, Sw. Zool. Ill. pl. 106; Boisd. Sp. Gén. pl. 7.
f. 1, pl. 17. f. 3, p. 381.
_Hab._ Java, Malacca (_Wall._).
121. LEPTOCIRCUS CURTIUS, n. s.
Larger than _L. Meges_; outer black margin broader, and apical nervures
thicker; bluish band much narrower, of equal width on both wings,
straight, abruptly narrow where it crosses the discoidal cell of the
fore wings, and rounded at the inner margin so as to form a small notch
at the junction of the fore and hind wings.
Under side with the band bluish silvery; the three small bands on the
anal margin differing from those on _L. Curius_ and _L. Meges_, the
first being transverse, and not produced obliquely to join the vertical
band, the second small and nearly obsolete, the third at the anal angle
transverse, very little curved, and sharply defined.
Body beneath and base of all the wings greenish ashy. Expanse of wings
1⁹⁄₁₀–2 inches. Length, head to tip of tail 2⁶⁄₁₀ inches.
_Hab._ Celebes (_Wall._).
122. LEPTOCIRCUS DECIUS, Felder.
_L. Decius_, Feld. Lep. Nov. Philipp. p. 13. _L. Corion_, G. R. Gray,
List of Pap. in Brit. Mus.
_Hab._ Philippine Islands.
123. LEPTOCIRCUS CURIUS, Fabricius.
_L. Curius_, Fab. Ent. Syst. iii. 1. p. 28; Doubleday, Zoologist,
1843, p. 111; Gen. of Diurnal Lep. pl. 4*. f. 1; Don. Ins. Ind. pl.
47. f. 1.
_Hab._ Java (_Wall._), North India.
NOTE.
In referring to the species described by Dr. Felder, I have quoted from
papers which he has sent me, with distinct titles and separate paging,
but which were all first published in the ‘Wiener Entomologischen
Monatschrift,’ viz. “Lepidopterologische Fragmente” (quoted as “Lep.
Fragm.”), published at intervals from June 1859 to August 1860,
“Lepidoptera Nova Malayica” (quoted as “Lep. Nov. Mal.”), published in
1860, and “Lepidoptera Nova a Dr. Carolo Semper in insulis Philippinis
collecta” (quoted as “Lep. Nov. Philipp.”), published in 1861. It is to
be regretted that the titles and paging of these separate papers were
not made to correspond with the original publication, so as to have made
a more exact reference possible.
I have also quoted Zinken’s ‘Beitrag zur Insecten-Fauna von Java’
separated from the ‘Nova Acta Acad. Nat. Curios.’; but in this case the
pages and the numbering of the plates have been preserved as in the
original work.
EXPLANATION OF THE PLATES.
PLATE I.
Represents the various forms of _Papilio Memnon_ (see pages 6 and 46).
N.B. The left side of each figure shows the upper surface, and the
right side the under surface of the same insect.
Fig. 1. A male, from Borneo (a slight local variety).
Fig. 2. A female, from Java (a variety like _P. Agenor_, Cr.).
Fig. 3. A female, from Sumatra (a variety near _P. Anceus_, Cr.). The
last two are varieties of the 1st dimorphic form of female in this
species.
Fig. 4. A female, from Java (_P. Achates_, Cr.). The 2nd dimorphic
form of female of _Papilio Memnon_.
PLATE II.
Represents the various forms of _Papilio Pammon_ (figs. 1, 3, 5, and
6) and _P. Theseus_ (figs. 2, 4, and 7). (See pages 6, 7, 51, 52,
and 53.) N.B. The left side of each figure shows the upper surface,
and the right side the under surface of the same insect.
Fig. 1. _Papilio Pammon_; a male, from Malacca.
Fig. 3. The first form of female, closely resembling the male, from
India.
Fig. 5. The second form of female (_P. Polytes_, L.), from Singapore.
This is the most common and widely distributed form of female,
occurring everywhere with the male.
Fig. 6. The third form of female (_P. Romulus_, Cr.), from India.
Fig. 2. _Papilio Theseus_, the first form of female, almost exactly
resembling the male, from Timor. This form is very rare.
Fig. 4. The second form of female, from Timor.
Fig. 7. The third form of female (_P. Theseus_, Cr.), from Sumatra.
The second and third forms of female seem about equally plentiful,
but are generally confined to separate islands. A fourth form of
female (_P. Melanides_, De Haan) would have been figured, but could
not be brought on to the plate. (See pages 7 and 53.)
PLATE III.
Represents the various forms of _Papilio Ormenus_ (see pages 8, 55,
and 56). N.B. The left side of each figure shows the upper surface,
and the right side the under surface of the same insect.
Fig. 2. A male, from the island of Goram.
Fig. 1. The first form of female, from Waigiou.
Fig. 3. The second form of female, from Waigiou.
Fig. 4. The third form of female (_P. Amanga_, Bd.), from the island
of Goram.
PLATE IV.
Represents two species allied to _Papilio Ormenus_, but whose females
are not _dimorphic_ (see pages 57 and 58). N.B. The left side of
each figure shows the upper surface, and the right side the under
surface of the same insect.
Fig. 1. A female of _Papilio Adrastus_, peculiar to the island of
Banda (see page 57).
Fig. 3. _Papilio Tydeus_; a male, from Batchian.
Fig. 2. The female of _Papilio Tydeus_, exhibiting a single permanent
form confined to a small group of islands (Batchian and Gilolo),
intermediate between the two forms of _Papilio Ormenus_ ♀ which are
represented on Plate III. figs. 3 and 4.
PLATE V.
Represents several new species of Papilio, illustrating “local
variation.” N.B. The right side of each figure shows the upper
surface, and the left side the under surface of the same insect.
Fig. 1. The male of _Papilio Noctis_, from Borneo (see page 41). The
female was figured by Mr. Hewitson in the ‘Proceedings of the
Zoological Society of London,’ 1859, plate 66. fig. 5.
Fig. 2. _Papilio Leodamas_, male, from Mysol (see page 42).
Fig. 3. _Papilio Hecuba_, male, from Celebes (see pages 16 and 50).
Fig. 4. _Papilio Pertinax_, male, from Celebes (see page 49).
Fig. 5. _Papilio Albinus_, male, from New Guinea (see page 49).
PLATE VI.
Represents four species not before figured, belonging to the most
brilliantly coloured group of Eastern Papilios, and illustrating
local modifications of form. N.B. The right side shows the upper
surface, and the left side the under surface of the same insect.
Fig. 1. _Papilio Pericles_, male, from Timor (see page 45).
Fig. 2. _Papilio Macedon_, male, from Celebes (see page 45). This
species exhibits in a marked manner the strongly arched wings
characteristic of those from Celebes, as contrasted with those
represented at figs. 1 and 3, from other islands (see pages 16, 17
and 18).
Fig. 3. _Papilio Philippus_, female, from Ceram (see page 45).
Fig. 4. _Papilio Blumei_, male, from the north of Celebes (see page
46). This also exhibits the arched wing, as compared with its ally
from the Moluccas (fig. 3).
PLATE VII.
Represents six remarkable species of Papilio not before figured. N.B.
Except in fig. 1, the right side shows the upper surface, and the
left side the under surface of the same insect.
Fig. 1. _Papilio Thule_, male. The upper surfaces of two varieties or
local forms of this species are figured. The right side represents
the form found in New Guinea, the left side that obtained in
Waigiou. It resembles _Danais sobrina_, Bd., which inhabits the same
countries, and varies in a somewhat similar manner (see pages 20 and
63).
Fig. 3. _Papilio Ænigma_, male, from Sumatra (see page 60). This
species was named as above, from its puzzling resemblance to
_Papilio Paradoxa_, which is found in the same districts. Both
species appear to mimic _Euplœa Midamus_ (see page 20).
Fig. 2. _Papilio Miletus_, male, from Celebes (see page 65). This
species and the next exhibit in a striking manner the abruptly
curved wing peculiar to Celebes. Figs. 5 and 6 represent species
almost equally remarkable in this respect.
Fig. 4. _Papilio Telephus_, male, from Celebes (see page 67).
Fig. 5. _Papilio Androcles_, male, from Celebes (see page 63).
Fig. 6. _Papilio Gigon_, female, from Celebes (see page 59).
PLATE VIII.
Illustrates, by comparative outlines of the anterior wings, the local
modification of form in the Papilios of Celebes as compared with
those of the surrounding islands. In each pair of outlines, the
upper one represents a species peculiar to Celebes, while the one
beneath it shows the most closely allied species or variety from any
of the surrounding islands. (For details, see page 16.) The
following are the names of the species:—
Fig. 1. _Papilio Gigon_, from Celebes; _P. Demolion_, from Java.
Fig. 2. _Papilio Macedon_, from Celebes; _P. Peranthus_, from Java.
Fig. 3. _Papilio Androcles_, from Celebes; _P. Antiphates_, from
Borneo.
Fig. 4. _Papilio Telephus_, from Celebes; _P. Jason_, from Sumatra.
Fig. 5. _Papilio Miletus_, from Celebes; _P. Sarpedon_, from Java.
Fig. 6. _Papilio Agamemnon_, var., from Celebes; _P. Agamemnon_, var.,
from Sumatra.
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PLATE VI.
Represents four species not before figured, belonging to the most
brilliantly coloured group of Eastern Papilios, and illustrating
local modifications of form. N.B. The right side shows the upper
surface, and the left side the under surface of the same insect.
Fig. 1. _Papilio Pericles_, male, from Timor (see page 45).
Fig. 2. _Papilio Macedon_, male, from Celebes (see page 45). This
species exhibits in a marked manner the strongly arched wings
characteristic of those from Celebes, as contrasted with those
represented at figs. 1 and 3, from other islands (see pages 16, 17,
and 18).
Fig. 3. _Papilio Philippus_, female, from Ceram (see page 45).
Fig. 4. _Papilio Blumei_, male, from the north of Celebes (see page
46). This also exhibits the arched wing, as compared with its ally
from the Moluccas (fig. 3).
Wallace, A. R., “On the phenomena of variation and geographical
distribution as illustrated by the Papilionidæ of the Malayan region,”
_The Transactions of the Linnean Society of London_, V. 25, 1866, p.
1–71.
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TRANSCRIBER’S NOTES
Page Changed from Changed to
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● Typos fixed; non-standard spelling and dialect retained.
● Used numbers for footnotes.
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● The caret (^) serves as a superscript indicator, applicable to
individual characters (like 2^d) and even entire phrases (like
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