Landscaping for birds involves nine basic principles:
_Food_
Every bird species has its own unique food requirements that may
change as the seasons change. Learn the food habits of the birds you
wish to attract. Then plant the appropriate trees, shrubs, and flowers
to provide the fruits, berries, seeds, acorns, nuts and nectar.
_Water_
You may be able to double the number of bird species in your yard by
providing a source of water. A frog pond, water garden, or bird bath
will get lots of bird use, especially if the water is dripping,
splashing or moving.
_Shelter_
Birds need places where they can hide from predators and escape from
severe weather. Trees (including dead ones), shrubs, tall grass and
bird houses provide excellent shelter.
_Diversity_
The best landscaping plan is one that includes a variety of native
plants. This helps attract the most bird species.
_Four Seasons_
Give birds food and shelter throughout the year by planting a variety
of trees, shrubs and flowers that provide year-round benefits.
_Arrangement_
Properly arrange the different habitat components in your yard.
Consider the effects of prevailing winds (and snow drifting) so your
yard will be protected from harsh winter weather.
_Protection_
Birds should be protected from unnecessary mortality. When choosing
the placement of bird feeders and nest boxes, consider their
accessibility to predators. Picture windows can also be dangerous for
birds, who fly directly at windows when they see the reflection of
trees and shrubs. A network of parallel, vertical strings spaced 4
inches apart can be placed on the outside of windows to prevent this
problem. Be cautious about the kinds of herbicides and pesticides used
in your yard. Apply them only when necessary and strictly according to
label instructions. In fact, try gardening and lawn care without using
pesticides. Details can be found in gardening books at the library.
_Hardiness Zones_
When considering plants not native to your area, consult a plant
hardiness zone map, found in most garden catalogues. Make sure the
plants you want are rated for the winter hardiness zone classification
of your area.
_Soils and Topography_
Consult your local garden center, university or county extension
office to have your soil tested. Plant species are often adapted to
certain types of soils. If you know what type of soil you have, you
can identify the types of plants that will grow best in your yard.