whose souls are ever intrepid, whose minds are always firm,--for
example, the great Athanasius?"
HILARION. "He was illegally ordained by seven bishops."
ANTHONY. "What matter if his virtue...."
HILARION. "Go to!--a most vainglorious and cruel man, forever involved
in intrigues, and exiled at last as a monopolist."[1]
ANTHONY. "Calumny!"
HILARION. "Thou wilt not deny that he sought to corrupt Eustates, the
treasurer of largesses?"
ANTHONY. "It is affirmed, I acknowledge."
HILARION. "Through vengeance he burned down the house of Arsenius."
ANTHONY. "Alas!"
HILARION. "At the council of Nicæa he said in speaking of Jesus: 'The
man of the Lord.'"
ANTHONY. "Ah! that is a blasphemy!"
HILARION. "So limited in understanding, moreover, that he confesses he
comprehends nothing of the nature of the "Word!"
ANTHONY (_smiling with gratification_). "In sooth his intelligence is
not ... very lofty."
HILARION. "Hypocrite! burying thyself in solitude only in order the
more fully to abandon thyself to the indulgence of thy envious desires!
What if thou dost deprive thyself of meats, of wine, of warmth, of
bath, of slaves, or honours?--dost thou not permit thy imagination to
offer thee banquets, perfumes, women, and the applause of multitudes?
Thy chastity is but a more subtle form of corruption, and thy contempt
of this world is but the impotence of thy hatred against it! Either
this it is that makes such as thyself so lugubrious, or else 'tis
doubt. The possession of truth giveth joy. Was Jesus sad? Did he not
travel in the company of friends, repose beneath the shade of olive
trees, enter the house of the publican, drink many cups of wine, pardon
the sinning woman, and assuage all sorrows? Thou!--thou hast no pity
save for thine own misery! It is like a remorse that gnaws thee, a
savage madness that impels thee to repel the caress of a dog or to
frown upon the smile of a child."
ANTHONY (_bursting into tears_). "Enough! enough! thou dost wound my
heart deeply."
HILARION. "Shake the vermin from thy rags! Rise up from thy filth! Thy
God is not a Moloch who demands human flesh in sacrifice!"
ANTHONY. "Yet suffering is blessed. The cherubim stoop to receive the
blood of confessors."
HILARION. "Admire, then, the Montanists!--they surpass all others."
ANTHONY. "But it is the truth of the doctrine which makes the
martyrdom."
HILARION. "How can martyrdom prove the excellence of the doctrine,
inasmuch as it bears equal witness for error?"
HILARION. "Silence!--thou viper!"
ANTHONY. "Perhaps martyrdom is not so difficult as thou dost imagine!
The exhortations of friends, the pleasure of insulting the people,
the oath one has taken, a certain dizzy excitement, a thousand
circumstances all aid the resolution of the martyrs...."
(_Anthony turns his back upon Hilarion, and moves away from him.
Hilarion follows him._)
" ... Moreover this manner of dying often brings about great disorders.
Dionysius, Cyprian and Gregory fled from it. Peter of Alexandria has
condemned it; and the council of Elvira...."
ANTHONY (_stops his ears_). "I will listen to thee no longer!"
HILARION (_raising his voice_). "Lo! thou fallest again into the
habitual sin, which is sloth! Ignorance is the foam of pride. One says,
forsoth:--'My conviction is formed! wherefore argue further?'--and one
despises the doctors, the philosophers, tradition itself, and even the
text of the law whereof one is ignorant! Dost thou imagine that thou
dost hold all wisdom in the hollow of thy hand?"
ANTHONY. "I hear him still! His loud words fill my brain."
HILARION. "The efforts of others to comprehend God are mightier than
all thy mortifications to move Him. We obtain merit only by our thirst
for truth. Religion alone cannot explain all things; and the solution
of problems ignored by thee can render faith still more invulnerable
and noble. Therefore, for our salvation we must communicate with our
brethren--otherwise the Church, the assembly of the faithful, would
be a meaningless word--and we must listen to all reasoning, despising
nothing, nor any person. The magician Balaam, the poet Aeschylus,
and the Sybil of Cumæ--all foretold the Saviour. Dionysius, the
Alexandrian, received from heaven the command to read all books. Saint
Clement orders us to cultivate Greek letters. Hennas was converted by
the illusion of a woman he had loved...."
ANTHONY. "What an aspect of authority! It seems to me thou art growing
taller...."
(_And, in very truth, the stature of Hilarion is gradually increasing;
and Anthony shuts his eyes, that he may not see him._)
HILARION. "Reassure thyself, good Hermit. Let us seat ourselves there,
upon that great stone, as we used to do in other years, when, at the
first dawn of day, I was wont to salute thee with the appellation,
'Clear star of morning'--and thou wouldst therewith commence to
instruct me. Yet my instruction is not yet completed. The moon gives us
light enough. I am prepared to hear thy words."
(_He has drawn a calamus from his girdle, and seating himself
cross-legged upon the ground, with the papyrus roll still in his hand,
he lifts his face toward Saint Anthony, who sits near him, with head
bowed down._
_After a moment of silence Hilarion continues_:--)
"Is not the word of God confirmed for us by miracles? Nevertheless
the magicians of Pharaoh performed miracles; other imposters can
perform them; one may be thereby deceived. What then is a miracle?
An event which seems to us outside of nature. But do we indeed know
all of Nature's powers; and because a common occurrence causes us no
astonishment, does it therefore follow that we understand it."
ANTHONY. "It matters little! We must believe the Scriptures!"
HILARION. "Saint Paul, Origen, and many others did not understand
the Scriptures in a literal sense: yet if Holy Writ be explained by
allegories it becomes the portion of a small number, and the evidence
of the truth disappears. What must we do?"
ANTHONY. "We must rely upon the Church!"
HILARION. "Then the Scriptures are useless?"
ANTHONY. "No! no! although I acknowledge that in the Old Testament
there are some ... some obscurities. But the New shines with purest
light."
HILARION. "Nevertheless, the Angel of the annunciation, in Matthew,
appears to Joseph; while, in Luke, he appears to Mary. The anointing
of Jesus by a woman takes place, according to the first Gospel, at the
commencement of his public life; and, according to the other three, a
few days before his death. The drink offered to him on the cross, is,
in Matthew, vinegar mixed with gall; in Mark, it is wine and myrrh.
According to Luke and Matthew, the apostles should take with them
neither money nor scrip for their journey--not even sandals nor staff;
in Mark, on the contrary, Jesus bids them take nothing with them,
except sandals and a staff. I am thereby bewildered!"
ANTHONY (_in amazement_). "Aye, indeed!... in fact...."
HILARION. "At the contact of the woman who had an issue of blood, Jesus
turned and said, 'Who hath touched my garments?' He did not know, then,
who had touched him? That contradicts the omniscience of Jesus! If the
tomb was watched by guards, the women need have felt no anxiety about
finding help to roll away the stone from the tomb. Therefore there
were no guards, or the holy women were not there. At Emmaus, he eats
with his disciples and makes them feel his wounds. It is a human body,
a material and ponderable object; and nevertheless it passes through
walls! Is that possible?"
ANTHONY. "It would require much time to answer thee properly!"
HILARION. "Why did he receive the Holy Spirit, being himself Son of
the Holy Spirit? What need had he of baptism if he was the Word? How
could the Devil have tempted him, inasmuch as he was God? Have these
thoughts never occurred to thee?"
ANTHONY. "Yes!... often! Sometimes torpid, sometimes furious--they
remain forever in my conscience. I crush them; they rise again, they
stifle me; and sometimes I think that I am accursed."
HILARION. "Then it is needless for thee to serve God?"
ANTHONY. "I shall always need to adore Him."
(_After a long silence Hilarion continues_:)
"But aside from dogma, all researches are allowed us. Dost thou desire
to know the hierarchy of the Angels, the virtue of the Numbers, the
reason of germs and of metamorphoses?"
ANTHONY. "Yes! yes! my thought struggles wildly to escape from its
prison. It seems to me that by exerting all my force I might succeed.
Sometimes, for an instant, brief as a lightning flash, I even feel
myself as thought uplifted,--then I fall back again!"
HILARION. "The secret thou wouldst obtain is guarded by sages. They
dwell in a distant land; they are seated beneath giant trees; they
are robed in white; they are calm as Gods! A warm air gives them
sufficient nourishment. All about them, leopards tread upon grassy
turf. The murmuring of fountains and the neighing of unicorns mingle
with their voices. Thou shalt hear them; and the face of the Unknown
shall be unveiled!"
ANTHONY (_sighing_). "The way is long; and I am old."
HILARION. "Oh! oh! wise men are not rare! there are some even very nigh
thee!--here! Let us enter!"
[1] Gibbon, a sincere admirer of Athanasius, gives a curious history of
these charges, and expresses his disbelief in their truth. The story
regarding the design to intercept the corn-fleet of Alexandria is
referred to in the use of the word "monopolist."
IV
(_And Anthony beholds before him a vast basilica._
_The light gushes from the further end, marvellous as a multi-colored
sun. It illuminates the innumerable heads of the crowd that fills the
nave, and that eddies about the columns toward the side-aisles--where
can be perceived, in wooden compartments, altars, beds, little chains
of blue stones linked together, and constellations painted upon the
walls._
_In the midst of the throng there are groups which remain motionless.
Men standing upon stools harangue with fingers uplifted; others are
praying, with arms outstretched in form of a cross; others are lying
prostrate upon the pavement, or singing hymns, or drinking wine; others
of the faithful, seated about a table, celebrate their agape;[1]
martyrs are unbandaging their limbs in order to show their wounds; and
aged men, leaning upon staffs, recount their voyages._
_There are some from the country of the Germans, from Thrace also, and
from the Gauls, from Scythia and from the Indies, with snow upon their
beards, feathers in their hair; thorns in the fringe of their garments;
the sandals of some are black with dust, their skins are burnt by the
sun. There is a vast confusion of costumes, mantles of purple and
robes of linen, embroidered dalmaticas, hair shirts, sailors' caps,
bishops' mitres. Their eyes fulgurate strangely. They have the look of
executioners, or the look of eunuchs._
_Hilarion advances into their midst. All salute him. Anthony, shrinking
closer to his shoulder, observes them. He remarks the presence of a
great many women. Some of these are attired like men, and have their
hair cut short. Anthony feels afraid of them._)
HILARION. "Those are Christian women who have converted their husbands.
Besides, the women were always upon the side of Jesus, even the
idolatrous ones, for example, Procula, the wife of Pilate, and Poppæa,
the concubine of Nero. Do not tremble!--come on."
(_And others are continually arriving._
_They seem to multiply, to double themselves by self-division, light
as shadows--all the while making an immense clamour, in which yells of
rage, cries of love, canticles and objurgations intermingle._)
ANTHONY (_in a low voice_). "What do they desire?"
HILARION. "The Lord said: 'I have yet many things to say to you....
'[2] They possess the knowledge of those things."
(_And he pushes Anthony forward to a golden throne approached by five
steps, whereon--surrounded by ninety-five disciples, all very thin and
pale, and anointed with oil--sits the prophet Manes. He is beautiful
as an archangel, immobile as a statue; he is clad in an Indian robe;
carbuncles gleam in his plaited hair; at his left hand lies a book of
painted images; his right reposes upon a globe. The images represent
the creatures that erst slumbered in Chaos. Anthony bends forward to
look upon them. Then----_)
MANES
(_makes his globe revolve; and regulating the tone of his words by a
lyre which gives forth crystalline sounds, exclaims_:--)
"The celestial earth is at the superior extremity; the terrestrial
earth at the inferior extremity. It is sustained by two angels--the
Angel Splenditeneus, and Omophorus, whose faces are six.
"At the summit of the highest heaven reigns the impassible Divinity;
below, face to face, are the Son of God and the Prince of Darkness.
"When the darkness had advanced even to his kingdom, God evolved from
his own essence a virtue which produced the first man; and he environed
him with the five elements. But the demons of darkness stole from him a
part; and that part is the soul.
"There is but one soul, universally diffused, even as the waters of
a river divided into many branches. It is this universal soul that
sighs in the wind--that shrieks in the marble under the teeth of the
saw--that roars in the voice of the sea--that weeps tears of milk when
the leaves of the fig tree are torn off.
"The souls that leave this world emigrate to the stars, which are
themselves animated beings."
ANTHONY (_bursts into a laugh_). "Ah! ah! what an absurd imagination!"
A MAN (_having no beard, and of a most austere aspect_). "Wherefore
absurd?"
(_Anthony is about to reply when Hilarion tells him in a low voice
that the questioner is none other than the tremendous Origen himself;
and_:--)
MANES (_continues_). "But first they remain awhile in the Moon, where
they are purified. Then they rise into the sun."
ANTHONY (_slowly_). "I do not know of anything ... which prevents us
... from believing it."
MANES. "The proper aim of every creature is the deliverance of the ray
of celestial light imprisoned within matter. It finds easier escape
through the medium of perfumes, spices, the aroma of warmed wine, the
light things which resemble thoughts. But the acts of life retain it
within its prison. The murderer shall be born again in the form of a
celephus; he that kills an animal shall become that animal; if thou
plantest a vine, thou shalt be thyself bound within its boughs. Food
absorbs the celestial light.... Therefore abstain! fast!"
HILARION. "Thou seest, they are temperate!"
MANES. "There is much of it in meats, less of it in herbs. Moreover
the Pure Ones, by means of their great merits, despoil vegetation of
this luminous essence; and, thus liberated, it reascends to its source.
But through generation, animals keep it imprisoned within the flesh!
Therefore, avoid women!"
HILARION. "Admire their continence."
MANES. "Or rather contrive that they shall not create..............[3]
ANTHONY. "Oh--abomination!"
HILARION. "What signifies the hierarchy of turpitudes? The Church has,
forsooth, made marriage a sacrament!"
SATURNINUS (_in Syrian costume_). "He teaches a most dismal system of
the universe!... The Father, desiring to punish the angels who had
revolted, ordered them to create the world. Christ came, in order that
the God of the Jews, who was one of those angels...."
ANTHONY. "He an angel! the Creator!"
CERDO. "Did he not seek to kill Moses, to deceive his own prophets, to
seduce nations?--did he not sow falsehood and idolatry broadcast?"
MARCION. "Certainly, the Creator is not the true God!"
SAINT CLEMENT OF ALEXANDRIA. "Matter is eternal!"
BARDESANES (_in the costume of the Babylonian magi_). "It was formed by
the Seven Planetary Spirits."
THE HERMIANS. "Souls were made by the angels."
THE PRISCILLIANISTS. "It was the Devil who made the world."
ANTHONY (_rushing back from the circle_). "Horror!"
HILARION (_supporting him_). "Thou despairest too hastily!--thou dost
misapprehend their doctrine! Here is one who received his teaching
directly from Theodas, the friend of St. Paul. Hearken to him."
(_And at a sign from Hilarion_
VALENTINUS
_appears in a tunic of cloth of silver; his skull is pointed at its
summit; his voice has a wheezing sound._)
"The world is the work of a God in delirium!"
ANTHONY (_bending his head down_). "The work of a God in delirium!..."
(_After a long silence_): "How can that be?"
VALENTINE. "The most perfect of beings, and of the Æons, the Abyss;
dwelt in the womb of the Deep together with Thought. By their union was
begotten Intelligence, to whom Truth was given as a companion.
"Intelligence and Truth engendered the Word and Life, who in their turn
begat Man and the Church; and that doth make eight Æons!"
(_He counts upon his fingers._)
"The Word and Truth also produced ten other Æons--which is to say, five
couples. Man and the Church had begotten twelve more--among these the
Paraclete and Faith, Hope and Charity, Perfection and Wisdom--Sophia.
"The union of these thirty Æons constitutes the Pleroma, or
Universality of God. Thus, even as the echo of a passing voice, as the
effluvia of a perfume evaporating, as the fires of the setting sun,
the Powers that emanated from the Principle, forever continue to grow
weaker.
"But Sophia, desirous to know the Father, darted from the Pleroma;
and the Word then made another couple, Christ and the Holy Ghost, who
reunited all the Æons; and all together formed Jesus, the flower of the
Pleroma.
"But the effort of Sophia to flee away had left in the void an image of
her--an evil substance, Acharamoth.[4] The Saviour took pity upon her,
freed her from all passion; and from the smile of Acharamoth redeemed,
light was born; her tears formed the waters; by her sorrow was dark
matter begotten.
"Of Acharamoth was born the Demiurgos,--the fabricator of worlds,
the creator of the heaven and of the Devil. He dwells far below the
Pleroma--so far that he cannot behold it--so that he deems himself to
be the true God, and repeats by the mouths of his prophets--'There is
no other God but I.' Then he made man, and instilled into his soul the
immaterial Seed which was the Church--a reflection of the other Church
established in the Pleroma.
"One day Acharamoth shall reach the highest region and unite herself
with the Saviour; the fire that is hidden in the world shall annihilate
all matter, and shall even devour itself and men, becoming pure
spirits, shall espouse the angels!"
ORIGEN. "Then shall the Demon be over-thrown and the reign of God
commence!"
(_Anthony expresses a cry, and forthwith_)
BASILIDES (_taking him by the elbow, exclaims_:--)
"The Supreme Being with all the infinite emanations is called
Abraxas; and the Saviour with all his virtues, Kaulakau--otherwise,
line-upon-line, rectitude upon rectitude.
"The power of Kaulakau is obtained by the aid of certain words, which
are inscribed upon this chalcedony to help the memory."
(_And he points to a little stone suspended at his neck, upon which
stone fantastic characters are graven._)
"Then thou wilt be transported into the Invisible and placed above all
law; thou shalt contemn all things--even virtue!
"We, the Pure, must flee from pain, after the example of Kaulakau."
ANTHONY. "What! and the cross?"
THE ELKHESAITES (_in robes of hyacinth answers him_). "The woe and
the degradation, the condemnation and oppression of my fathers[5] are
blotted out, through the mission which has come.
"One may deny the inferior Christ, the man--Jesus; but the other Christ
must be adored--whose personality was evolved under the brooding of the
Dove's wings.
"Honor marriage; the Holy Spirit is feminine!"
(_Hilarion has disappeared; and Anthony, carried along by the crowd,
arrives in the presence of_--)
THE CARPOCRATIANS
(_reclining with women upon scarlet cushions._)
"Before entering into the Only thou shalt pass through a series of
conditions and of actions. To free thyself from the powers of darkness,
thou must at once accomplish their works. The husband shall say to the
wife: 'Have charity for thy brother'--and she will kiss thee."
THE NICOLAITANS
(_gathered about a mass of smoking meats_:)
"This is a portion of the meat offered to idols;--partake of it!
Apostasy is permissible when the heart is pure. Gorge thy flesh with
all that it demands. Seek to exterminate it by dint of debauchery!
Prounikos, the Mother of Heaven, wallowed in ignominies."
THE MARCOSIANS
(_wearing rings of gold, and glistening with precious balm and
unguents_:)
"Enter among us that thou mayst unite thyself to the Spirit! Enter
among us that thou mayst quaff the draught of immortality!"
(_And one of them shows him, behind a tapestry-hanging, the body of a
man terminated by the head of an ass. This represents Sabaoth, father
of the Devil. He spits upon the image in token of detestation._
_Another shows him a very low bed, strewn with flowers, exclaiming_:)
"The spiritual marriage is about to be consummated."
(_A third, who holds a cup of glass, utters an invocation;--blood
suddenly appears in the cup_:)
"Ah! behold it! behold it!--the blood of Christ!"
(_Anthony withdraws, but finds himself be-spattered by water splashed
from a cistern._)
THE HELVIDIANS
(_are flinging themselves into it head foremost, muttering_:--)
"The man regenerated by baptism is impeccable!"
(_Then he passes by a great fire at which the Adamites are warming
themselves--all completely naked in imitation of the purity of
Paradise; and he stumbles over_)
THE MESSALINES
(_wallowing upon the pavement, half-slumbering, stupid_:)
"Oh! crush us if thou wilt! we shall not move! Work is crime; all
occupation is evil."
(_Behind these, the abject_)
PATERNIANS
(_--men, women, and children lying pell mell upon a heap of filth, lift
their hideous faces, wine-besmeared, and they cry aloud_:)
"The inferior parts of the body, which were created by the Devil,
belong to him! Let us eat, drink, and sin!"
ÆTIUS. "Crimes are necessities beneath the notice of God!"
(_But suddenly_--)
A MAN (--_clad in a Carthaginian mantle, bounds into their midst,
brandishing a scourge of thongs in his hand; and strikes violently and
indiscriminately at all in his path_:)
"Ah! imposters! simonists, heretics and demons!--vermin of the
schools!--dregs of hell! Marcion, there, is a sailor of Sinopus
excommunicated for incest;--Carpocrates was banished for being a
magician; Ætius stole his concubine; Nicholas prostituted his wife;
and this Manes, who calls himself the Buddha, and whose real name is
Cubricus, was flayed alive with the point of a reed, so that his skin
even now hangs at the gates of Ctesiphon!"
ANTHONY (_recognizing Tertullian, rushes to join him_): "Master! help!
help!"
TERTULLIAN (_continuing_):
"Break the images! veil the virgins! Pray, fast, weep and mortify
yourselves! No philosophy! no books! After Jesus, science is useless!"
(_All have fled away; and Anthony beholds, in lieu of Tertullian, a
woman seated upon a bench of stone._
_She sobs; leaning her head against a column; her hair is loose; her
body, weakened by grief, is clad in a long brown simar. Then they find
themselves face to face and alone, far from the crowd; and a silence,
an extraordinary stillness falls--as in the woods when the winds are
lulled, and the leaves of the trees suddenly cease to whisper._
_This woman is still very beautiful, although faded, and pale as a
sepulcher. They look at one another; and their eyes send to each other
waves, as it were, of thoughts, bearing drift of a thousand ancient
things, confused, mysterious. At last_--)
PRISCILLA (_speaks_:)
"I was in the last chamber of the baths; and the rumbling sounds of the
street caused a sleep to fall upon me.
"Suddenly I heard a clamour of voices. Men were shouting--'It is a
magician!--it is the Devil!' And the crowd stopped before our house, in
front of the Temple Æsculapius. I drew myself up with my hands to the
little window.