7. Dr. Sweet reads _hawes, mast_ instead of _mast, hawes_. This sounds
better, but is not necessary. _Haw-es_ is dissyllabic. _Pounage_, mod. E.
_pannage_, mast, or food given to swine in the woods; see the Glossary.
Better spelt _pannage_ or _paunage_ (Manwood has _pawnage_), as cited in
Blount's Nomolexicon. Koch wrongly refers us to O.F. _poün_, _poön_, a
sickle (Burguy), but mast and haws were never reaped. Cf. Dante, Purg.
xxii. 149.
11. 'Which they rubbed in their hands, and ate of sparingly.' _Gnodded_ is
the pt. t. of _gnodden_ or _gnudden_, to rub, examples of which are scarce.
See Ancren Riwle, pp. 238, 260 (footnotes), and _gnide_ in Halliwell's
Dictionary. But the right reading is obviously _gniden_ or _gnide_ (with
short _i_), the pt. t. pl. of the strong verb _gniden_, to rub. This
restores the melody of the line. In the Ancren Riwle, p. 260, there is a
reference to Luke vi. 1, saying that Jesus' disciples '_gniden_ the cornes
ut bitweonen hore honden'; where another MS. has _gnuddeden_. The Northern
form _gnade_ (2 p. sing.) occurs in the O.E. Psalter, Ps. lxxxviii. 45. Dr.
Sweet reads _gnodde_, but the pt. t. of _gnodden_ was _gnodded_. _Nat
half_, not half of the crop; some was wasted.
16. 'No one as yet ground spices in a mortar, to put into _clarrè_ or
galantine-sauce.' As to _clarre_, see Knightes Tale, 613 (A 1471); R. Rose,
6027; and the Babees Book, ed. Furnivall, p. 204, and Index.
In the Liber Cure Cocorum, ed. Morris, p. 30, is the following recipe for
_Galentyne_:--
'Take crust of brede and grynde hit smalle,
Take powder of galingale, and temper with-alle;
Powder of gyngere and salt also;
Tempre hit with venegur er þou more do;
Draw[gh]e hit þurughe a streynour þenne,
And messe hit forth before good menne.'
'_Galendyne_ is a sauce for any kind of roast Fowl, made of Grated Bread,
beaten Cinnamon and Ginger, Sugar, Claret-wine, and Vinegar, made as thick
as Grewell'; Randell Holme, bk. iii. ch. iii. p. 82, col. 2 (quoted in
Babees Book, ed. Furnivall, p. 216). Roquefort gives O.F. _galatine_,
_galantine_, _galentine_, explained by 'gelée, daube, sauce, ragoût fort
épicé; en bas Latin, _galatina_.' Beyond doubt, Chaucer found the word in
the Roman de la Rose, l. 21823--'En friture et en _galentine_.' See
_Galantine_ in Littré, and see note to Sect. XII. l. 17. Cf. Rom. de la
Rose, 8418:--
'Et de l'iaue simple bevoient
Sans querre piment ne clare,' &c.
17. 'No dyer knew anything about madder, weld, or woad.' All three are
plants used in dyeing. Madder is _Rubia tinctoria_, the roots of which
yield a dye. I once fancied _weld_ was an error for _welled_ (i. e. flowed
out); and Dr. Sweet explains _welde_ by 'strong.' Both of these fancies are
erroneous. _Weld_ is the _Reseda Luteola_ of Linnæus, and grows wild in
waste places; I have seen it growing near Beachey Head. It is better known
as Dyer's Rocket. In Johns' Flowers of the Field, we duly find--'_Reseda
Luteola_, Dyer's Rocket, weed, or Weld.' Also called Ash of Jerusalem,
Dyer's Weed, &c.; see Eng. Plant-names, by Britten and Holland. It appears
in mod. G. as _Wau_ (Du. _wouw_), older spelling _Waude_. Its antiquity as
a Teut. word is vouched for by the derivatives in the Romance languages,
such as Span. _gualda_, Port. _gualde_, F. _gaude_; see _Gualda_ in Diez.
_Weld_ is a totally distinct word from _woad_, but most dictionaries
confound them. Florio, most impartially, coins a new form by mixing the two
words together (after the fashion adopted in Alice through the
Looking-glass). He gives us Ital. _gualdo_, 'a weede to die yellow with,
called _woald_.' The true _woad_ is the _Isatis tinctoria_, used for dyeing
blue before indigo was known; the name is sometimes given to _Genista
tinctoria_, but the dye from this is of a yellow colour. Pliny mentions the
dye from madder (Nat. Hist. xix. 3); and says the British women used
_glastum_, i. e. woad (xxii. 1).