Garces, at the Colorado, 124;
reaches Bac, 124;
journeys of, 124;
Sitgreaves follows trail of, 316
Gate of Lodore, 294
_General Jesup_, steamboat, 315
George, Point, 200
Geronimo, 266
Gila, trapping on the, 248, 255, 269
Glen, Robert, 226
Glenn and Fowler, go to Taos, 235;
their party fight a white bear, 235;
meet McKnight, Chambers, and Baird, 257
Glenn, Hugh, to Santa Fé, 235;
builds first American house at Pueblo, first in Colorado, 235
Golden Gate, 119
Gold, mines in New Mexico, 267;
found at San Fernando Mission, California, 308;
at Sutter's Mill, 308
Goodman leaves the Powell party, 322
Government, aid to science, 303;
sanctions Mormonism, 308;
aid to railways, 328;
to Union Pacific Railway, 329
Governor and Company of Adventurers of England Trading into
Hudson's Bay, or the Hudson Bay Company, 136
Grafton, Mormons settle there, 313
Graham, Lieutenant, takes Long's steamer down, 222
Grande Ronde, the valley of, Bonneville arrives there, 281
Grand Fork of the Arkansas, 185
Grand Island, town of, 334
Grand Pawnee war party, 185
Grand Peak, the, of Pike, or Pike's Peak, 186
Grand River, Powell arrives at its mouth, 322
Grand Wash, Hamblin crosses Colorado there, 317;
Powell arrives there, 324
Grave of Soto, 127
Gray Canyon, 322
Gray, Captain Robert, 4;
discoverer of the Columbia, 142;
exchanges ships with Kendrick, 150;
enters mouth of the Columbia, 150
Great Basin, location of, 6;
southern rim of, 6
Great Britain acquires Canada, 141
Great Britain and the United States agree temporarily as to
North-west Territory, 219
Great Salt Lake, 304
Great Slave Lake discovered by Hearne, 147
Greeley, Lewis, accompanies Hamblin to Moki Towns, 318
Greenhow, Robert, cited, 119
Green River, 4, 208;
named after trapper, 234;
descended by Ashley, 238;
first use of name, 249;
Kit Carson becomes familiar with, 255;
Meek goes down, 295;
map, 295;
Bridger's attempt to explore, 314
Green River Station, Wyoming, 320;
adobe ruins of, 332, 334;
terminal, 334
Green River Valley, 208, 234, 256
Green, trapper with Ashley, 234
Gregg, asserts buffalo herd is easily turned, 45;
book on Santa Fé Trail, 257;
crosses to Santa Fé, 258
Grinnell, Henry, rescues Oatman girl, 310
Gulf of California receives Colorado River, 4
Gun, Amerind acquisition of, a boon, 72
Guns of Lewis and Clark, flintlocks, 164
Gunnison Valley, 322
Gypsiferous clay, 68
H
Halberd, Spanish, found on Reid's farm, 126
Hall, 303
Hamblin, Jacob, 313, 324;
journeys of, 317;
explores a road by the Ute Ford to the Moki Towns, 317;
goes to Moki Towns _via_ Grand Wash, 317;
circumtours the Grand Canyon, 318;
first to cross Colorado by Lee Ferry route, 318;
Grand Wash to Callville by boat, 324
Hammer of silver for driving last spike of Union Pacific, 336
Ham's Fork, Green River Valley, 309
Hancock meets Lewis and Clark, 174
Haney, British trapper, 163;
visits Lewis and Clark, 180
Harmon, Daniel, 158;
his description of the Canadian voyageur, 147
Hawkins, of Powell's party, 325
Heceta, Inlet of, 142
Heceta, Bruno, at mouth of the Columbia, 142
Helay River. _See_ Gila.
Hennepin, 133
Henry, Andrew, 196, 208;
discoverer of South Pass, 234;
crosses Continental Divide in 1809, 234;
with Ashley, 234
Henry's Fork, 238
Hernando de Soto, expedition of, 126
Hidatsa tribe, where classed, 61
Hind, description of a buffalo pound,46
Hoback, trapper, 206;
on headwaters of the Snake, 208
Hochelaga, original name for site of Montreal, 130
Holy Cross, Mountain of the, 8
Horse, coming of the, to America, 72
Horse Prairie Creek, 168
Horses and cattle numerous early in New Mexico, 267
Hospitality, 82
Hostile Ground, 100, 185
House building, nature of, due to surroundings, 70
House-building tribes, 66
House, of the Shoshones, 68;
of the Dakotas, 68;
of tribes of New Mexico, 68;
of California, 68
Houses of the Amerinds, 68
Houston wins battle of San Jacinto, 298
Hubates, 116
Huddart, William, goes from Taos to Green River, 249
Hudson Bay Company, or Governor and Company of Adventurers
of England Trading into Hudson's Bay, treats Amerinds
well, 82;
formed, 136;
battles with North-west Company, 240;
merged with North-west Company, 240;
controls Columbia River, 281;
in control of Oregon, 281, 283, 289;
buys Wyeth out, 283;
opposition to, 290;
taxes McLoughlin, 290;
its governor of Oregon affairs in 1847, 290
Hudson Bay discovered, 132
Hudson River, 132
Human flesh eaten by Amerinds, 79
Humboldt River, 277;
course of, 6;
rise of, 6
Hunchback cows of Alvar Nuñez Cabeza de Vaca, 2, 32, 106
Hunt, Wilson Price, 198;
to go overland, 198;
organises expedition, 203;
leaves St. Louis for Astoria, 204;
outfit, 204;
leaves the Missouri, 206;
route from the Missouri, 207;
builds boats, 210;
has a canoe wrecked, 210;
party splits up, 210;
caches goods at Caldron Linn, 211;
starving, 212;
loses a voyageur, 212;
crosses Blue Mountains, 213;
arrives at the Columbia, 214;
arrives at Astoria, 214;
goes to Russian America, 215
Hunting buffalo, methods of, 45
I
Iberville starts French settlement at the mouth of the
Mississippi, 134
Independence, eastern end of Santa Fé Trail, 257
Indian. _See_ Amerind.
Inlet of Heceta, 142
Iowa tribe, where classed, 61
Iron Trail, the, best route for, 327
Irrigation, by Amerinds, 70;
Rio Grande Valley, 175;
Mexican, 267;
at Salt Lake, 306
Irving, Washington, a buffalo hunter, 48;
kills a buffalo, 49;
on Bonneville, 271;
travels over the plains, 287
Island Park, 294
Iturbide, 257;
proclaims Mexican independence, 228
Ives, Lieutenant, 317
J
Jackson, President, reinstates Bonneville, 262, 284
Jackson's Hole, Wyeth's men killed there, 274
James, Dr. Edwin, with Long, 223;
climbs Pike's Peak, 224;
Peak, first name of Pike's Peak, 225
Jamestown, 132
Jefferson River, 168
Jefferson, Thomas, plans an expedition, 155;
proposes sending party to the Pacific overland, 156;
instructions to Lewis and Clark, 161
Jesuit Order superseded in California, 122
Johnson, George A., contracts for transporting supplies on
Colorado River from the Gulf to Yuma, 315;
takes steamer to head of navigation before Lieutenant Ives, 317
Johnston, Colonel Albert Sydney, moves army against the
Mormons, 310
Joliet, 132
Jones, Ben, 216
Jonquire plans expedition, 140
José, Juan, the Apache chief, 265
Julesburg, 334
Julien, 1836, name cut on the wall of Labyrinth Canyon and
the wall of Cataract Canyon, Colorado River, 296
Juniper tree, 10
K
Kanab, 318
Kansas City, 309
Karankawan stock, location of, 67
Karoskiou River, 139
Kaskaias tribe met by Long, 226
Kearney, General, 300
Kendrick, Captain, goes into Strait of Fuca, 150
Keresan stock, location of, 67
Kichai tribe, where classed, 64
Killbuck with La Bonté, 296
Kino, Friar, 120;
first to see Casa Grande ruins, 120;
map of head of Gulf of California, made by, 120;
astronomer of Ingolstadt, 124
Kiowa tribe, 64
Kiowan stock, range of, 64
Kiva, 93
Knisteneau tribe, 63
Kooskooskie River of Lewis and Clark, 170
L
La Bonté, 213;
battle with Arapahos, 296;
remains at a Ute camp to recuperate, 298
Labyrinth Canyon, name carved there, 296;
Green River, 322
La Charette, Lewis and Clark plan to winter there, 160, 161
La Clede founds St. Louis, 141
Lake Bonneville, situation and character of, 6, 284
Lake Timpanogos, or Utah Lake, 124
La Lande, goes to Santa Fé, 1804, 176;
Morrison's claim against him, 190;
Pike meets him on the way to Santa Fé, 191
Lamanite, the Mormon name for the Amerind, 317
Land grant, specified, 329;
aggregate to Pacific railways, 330
Languages, Amerind, number of, in North America, 61
Lapage, 164
La Paz, missionaries go from there to San Diego, 122
La Perouse, explorer, 148
La Purisima Concepcion, Mission of, when founded, 122
L'Archeveque, the decoy in the assassination of La Salle, 134
La Reine, Fort de, of Verendrye, 139
_Lark_, the Astoria supply-ship, wrecked, 218
Laroche, British trader, 162;
same as La Roque, 162;
planned expedition to the Rocky Mountains, 163
La Salle, to the mouth of the Mississippi, 133;
his dream of colonisation, 134;
murdered, 134;
expedition, remnant of, found by Leon, 134
Lasso, throwing the, in New Mexico, 267
Last spike on the trans-continental railway, driving the, 333;
last tie, 336
Latrobe, Charles, companion of Washington Irving, 287
Laut, Miss A. C., Preface, vii.
Lawlessness at the terminals of the trans-continental railway, 332
Law's Mississippi Company, 138
Le Clerc, Francis, 216
Ledyard, John, suggests trans-continental exploration, 153
Lee Ferry, first crossing there by white men, 318;
map showing location of, 326
Lee, Jason and Daniel, 283, 308
Lee, John D., leader of the Mountain Meadows Massacre, 312;
hides at the mouth of the Paria, 318;
begins Lee's Ferry, 318
Leithead, Mormon bishop, brings supplies for Powell, 325
Lemhi Pass, 168
Leon, Alonzo de, finds remnant of La Salle party, 134
Leon, Ponce de, 103
Lewis and Clark, antedated on the Missouri, 139;
Dorion with, 151;
their expedition, 158;
ready to start, 160;
start for winter quarters, 161;
men and boats, 161, 162, 163;
first sight of Rocky Mountains, 164;
in the untrodden Wilderness, 166;
pass over the Great Divide, 168;
down Snake River and the Columbia, 170;
at Fort Clatsop, 171;
leave Fort Clatsop, 172;
reach St. Louis, 174
Lewis, clerk of the _Tonquin_, blows up the ship, 202
Lewis, Meriwether, desires to explore to the Pacific with
Michaux, 156;
secretary to Jefferson, 156;
character and age of, 157;
leaves for La Charette, 161;
writes to Chaboillez, 162;
accidentally shot, 163;
on the Divide, 168;
shoots a Blackfoot, 172
Linguistic map of the Amerinds, 62
Linn, _Story of the Mormons_, 306
Lisa, Fort, 222
Lisa, Manuel, 151;
character and age of, 194;
opposes Hunt, 203;
goes up the Missouri, 203;
quarrels with Hunt, 206;
activity of, 221;
made sub-agent for the tribes of the Missouri, 221;
last voyage and death of, 221;
closes an epoch, 232
Little Colorado River, 116
Little Gun, Crow chief, 293
Locations of early Pueblo villages, 115
Lodges, construction of beaver, 21
Lodore, canyon of Green River, 240;
described, 294;
descent of river in, 295;
trappers wrecked in, 295;
Powell wrecked in, 322
Lolo Creek, 169;
Pass, 169
Lonely Dell, 318
Long, expedition of, 221;
outfit, 222;
steamboat of, 222;
takes to horses, 222;
route, 223;
reaches the Arkansas, 226;
party divides, 226;
searches for Red River, 226;
pessimistic on the value of the Wilderness, 304
Longfellow's _Evangeline_, 130
Long's Peak, Pattie goes there, 249
Lopez enters New Mexico, 114
Loreto, Mission of, 120
Los Angeles, Spanish trail to, 270
Louisiana, 219;
La Salle's claim to, 133;
becomes a French province, 138;
ceded by France to Spain, 141;
undefined area of, 145;
transferred by Spain to France, 152;
bought by the United States, 152;
transferred to the United States, 152;
undefined, 153;
map of, 154;
western limit claimed by the United States, 155;
defined by Spain, 161;
purchase ratified by Congress, 161;
cession consummated to United States, 161;
bounds of, 181;
claims as to boundaries, 181;
boundary between it and British territory, 219;
bearing of Pacific Fur Company on boundary of, 219;
boundary, 220;
Purchase limits, 220
Lussat, 152
M
McClellan, 174, 205, 216
McCracken, 162
McDougall, next in command to Hunt, 199;
in charge of Fort George, Astoria, 218;
denounced, 219
McKay goes on the _Tonquin_, 200
Mackenzie, Alexander, 146, 163;
to the Arctic, 147;
Mackenzie River, 147;
to the Pacific, 148;
reaches tidewater at King Island, 160
McKenzie, Donald, 202;
Kenneth, 284
McKnight, Chambers, and Baird imprisoned, 257;
meet Glenn and Fowler, 257
McLoughlin, Hudson Bay Company governor, 290
McTavish reaches Astoria, 218
Mad River, 208
Madison River, 168
Maize, a staple before the whites arrived, 76, 77
Maldonado, Alonso del Castillo, companion of Cabeza de Vaca, 106
Malgares, character of, 182;
expedition of, 182;
Robinson's opinion of, 192;
escorts Pike and Robinson to Chihuahua, 192
Malhado Island, 104
Mallet brothers, 176
Mandan, tribe, where classed, 61;
house, 68;
country, 158;
go every spring to Rocky Mountains, 158;
Lewis and Clark leave Fort, and start west, 163;
burned, 174
Map of Louisiana and of the Wilderness, 154
Maple sugar, 72
Marble Canyon, 324
Marble-Grand Canyon, length of, 324
Marcos of Niza, Friar, 108;
sees the Seven Cities, 109;
sent back, 110;
repeats his story, 110
Maria's River, 166
Marquette, 132;
down the Mississippi, 133
Mary's River, 277
Massacre, of Villazur's party, 119;
of the Whitman family, 290;
at Mountain Meadows, by Mormons, 310;
at Plum Creek, Union Pacific Railway, 330
Mastodon bones beneath those of buffalo, 35
Maxent (or Maxan), La Clede and Company, 194
Maximilian, Prince of Wied, goes up the Missouri, 284
_Mayflower_, the, 132
Meadows, beaver, 24
Meares fails to find the Rio de San Roque, 148
Meek, Joe, appears in the Wilderness, 278;
shoots a Digger, 278;
in Oregon, 290;
quoted, 292;
at Fort Davy Crockett, 294;
goes through the canyon of Lodore on the ice, 294
Mendoza, Viceroy of Mexico, sends Marcos of Niza to the
north country, 108;
sends Coronado to search for the Seven Cities, 110;
his attitude toward Coronado on the latter's return, 113
Mesquite tree, 10
Metate, 267
Methodist missionaries into the Wilderness, 308
Mexican, natives with Coronado remain behind, 113;
found at Zuñi, 116;
mountains seen by Pike, 185;
independence, 228;
permission for trapping, 253;
Gregg's opinion of people and government, 264, 268;
not respected by trappers, 264;
amusements, 265;
trade with Apaches, 265;
agriculture, etc., 267;
irrigation, 267;
tariff on American goods, 268;
belief that the Neuces bounded Texas, 298;
companions of Walker lasso Amerinds, 280;
war with the United States, 300;
cession of 1848, 300
Michaux, Andre, 156
Middle Park, Denver, to Salt Lake, road through, 315
Minitarees, country of, 166
Mission of San Fernando, discovery of gold there, 308
Missionaries, at San Francisco Bay, 122;
from La Paz to San Diego, 122;
go to Oregon, 287;
looked upon with suspicion by natives, 290;
Protestant, hold themselves above the trappers, 290;
Catholic, try to descend Colorado, 295
Missions, in New Mexico, 117;
in Lower California, 120;
arrangement of, 122;
list of California missions and dates of founding, 122
Mississippi, Radisson's discovery, Preface, vii.;
Soto's crossing, 127;
upper, discovered, 132
Missouri, River, main highway to the Wilderness, 4;
Todd goes up it, 151;
Falls of, 166;
Fur Company founded, 197
Mohaves buy Oatman girls, 309
Moki, tribe, where classed, 63;
villages, 67;
corn planting, 70;
Towns, Hamblin goes there, 317;
Ives goes there, 317
Montagne à la Basse, British trading post, 158, 163
Monterey Bay, missionaries fail to reach it, 122
Monterey, Walker passes the winter there, 280
Montreal, former native name for its site, 130
Monts, Sieur de, founds Port Royal, 130
Monument built by Verendrye, 139
More, one of Wyeth's men, killed in Jackson's Hole, 274
_Mormon, Book of_, 304
_Mormons_, The _Story of the_, Linn cited, 306
Mormons, 304;
origin of, 304;
opposition to, 304;
books of the, 305;
migrations, 305;
arrive at Salt Lake, 305;
privations of, 306;
order, 307;
claim to be invincible, 310;
condemn the Mountain Meadows Massacre, 312;
settle on the Santa Clara, 313;
desirous of opening road across the Colorado for the benefit
of the Lamanites, 317
Morrison's claim against La Lande, 190
Mosca Pass, Pike goes through it, 189
Moscoso de Alvarado, 127
Mother of Floods, the, 181
Mountain Meadows, trail through, 270, 309;
Massacre, 310
Mountain, Wilderness, character of, 6;
of the Holy Cross, 8
Mount Dellenbaugh, Powell's three men killed near it, 324
Mules, cars cut off to obtain blood for drinking, 257;
on the Santa Fé Trail, 258;
detect approach of natives, 260
Mush, 79
Muskbogs, 27
N
Nachitoches, 182
Napoleon plans for Louisiana, 152;
sells it, 152
Narrow Canyon, 324
Narvaez, Panfilo de, 2, 103, 104
Natchezan stock, location of, 67
National Yellowstone Park, 8
Nauvoo, Illinois, Mormon town of, 305
Navajo, tribe, where classed, 61, 66;
Puebloan mixture with, 66;
house, 93
Navigation on Colorado, Johnson first to reach head of, 317
Nephi, Mormon town, 309
Nevada, first trapper to traverse, 269
New Archangel, or Sitka, 215
New Jerusalem of the Mormons, 305
New Mexico, trapping in, 253;
gold mines of, 267;
ceded to the United States, 300
New Orleans, a port of deposit for the United States, 152;
privilege revoked by Spain, 152
Nez Perces, one hung by Clark, 243;
friendly to Bonneville, 274
Nidiver, shoots two natives on suspicion, 278
Night attacks seldom made, 72
Nixon, O. W., his book cited, 289
Niza. _See_ Marcos of Niza.
Nonsense, Fort, 272
North America divided between three Powers, 141
Northern Mystery, 104, 108
North Platte, Browne killed near, 330
North-west Company, formed, 146;
acquires Astoria, 218;
active, 221;
fights the Hudson Bay Company, 240;
merged into Hudson Bay Company, 240
North-west Passage disproved, 147
Nova Scotia, Acadia, 130
Nueces River, considered by Mexico the boundary of Texas, 298;
General Taylor ordered to occupy territory west of, 300
Nuttall, Thomas, 204, 206;
leaves Hunt party, 207;
with Wyeth, 283
O
Oatman, massacre, 309;
girl rescued by Henry Grinnell, 310
Ogden, Peter Skeen, meets Ashley, 240
Ogden, River, 227
Oldest town in the United States, 116
Old Jacob, 313
Old Spanish Trail, route of, 270, 309
Oñate, Juan de, reaches New Mexico, 116;
crosses New Mexico and Arizona _via_ Zuñi, 116;
first settlement, 116;
goes eastward on the Plains, 117;
goes to the mouth of the Colorado, 117
_Ontario_, United States ship of war, at Astoria, 219
Ordway brings down boats, 172
Oregon, region, 8;
first mention of river, 140;
river, 151;
agreement between United States and Great Britain as to
temporary joint occupation of, 219;
left free to British and Americans for ten years, 219;
rights of Spain in, ceded to the United States, 220;
United States claims to, 221;
agreement renewed for a second term of ten years, 253;
Saviour of, 289;
not free to Americans, 289;
boundary settled, 290
Oregon Trail, beginnings of, 214, 281;
becomes popular, 283;
Parker and Whitman travel it, 287;
start at Westport, 309
Orleans, Fort, established, 138
Ortiz, Juan, interpreter to Soto, 127
Overland stage company, road from Salt Lake to Denver explored
for, 315
Oviedo, Lope de, 106
Oxen on the Santa Fé Trail, 258
P
Pacific, Fur Company, organised, 198;
voyageurs, for 198;
ended, 218;
bearing on boundary questions, 219;
railways, right of way, 328;
land grant to, 329;
cash bonus to, 329;
aggregate land grant to, 330;
miles built per day, 330;
supply train wrecked, by Amerinds, 331;
railway completed, 336
Padilla, Friar Juan de, 113
Pai Utes begin to cultivate maize, 76
Palmyra, New York, Mormonism originates near, 304
Pambrune, Hudson Bay Company agent, refuses to sell food to
Bonneville, 281
Paria River, 314;
Hamblin crosses Colorado at mouth of, 318;
John D. Lee settles at mouth of, 318
Parker, Samuel, missionary of the Presbyterian Church, goes
to Oregon, 287;
his opinion of the trappers, 288;
description of a trapper duel, 288
Parkman, Francis, description of Beckwourth, 238;
goes to the Wilderness, 287
Parks of the Rocky Mountains, 6;
location of, 6;
names of, 6;
San Luis, 235
Pathfinder, the, 298, 303
Pattie, James O., encounter with a buffalo calf, 52;
explores the valley of the Colorado, 248;
crosses the Continental Divide, 249;
book by, 249;
returns east, 249
Pattie, Sylvester, 246-248
Pawnee house, 151
Pawnee tribe, where classed, 64
Peace River, 148
_Pearl of Great Price_, Mormon book, 305
Pecos River, natives hunted buffalo there in 1540, 34;
Espejo follows it down on his exit from New Mexico, 116
Pemmican, how made, 40;
accumulated, 80
Penn, William, 132
Piccolo, Friar, 120
Pierre, town of, how named, 285
Pierre's Hole, Smith meets Sublette's party there, 252;
battle of, 273
Pike, Zebulon Montgomery, 178;
his Mississippi expedition, 178, 179;
returns to St. Louis from the north, 180;
goes west, 180;
escorts natives to their home, 181;
watched by Spaniards, 181;
comes to trail left by Malgares, 183;
and the Pawnee war party, 185;
sees the Rocky Mountains, 185;
lack of foresight, 186;
reaches foot of Rocky Mountains, 186;
his Grand Peak, 186;
sufferings of his men, 186;
his wanderings, 188;
builds fort on Rio Conejos, 189;
trapped by the Spaniards, 190;
discovers he is not on Red River, 190;
meets La Lande, 191;
before Governor Allencaster, 191;
treatment at Santa Fé, 192;
meets Pursley (Purcell), 192;
taken to General Salcedo, 192;
sent back to the United States, 192;
his opinion of the Plains region, 221;
pessimistic on the value of the Wilderness, 304
Pike's Peak, Long sees it, 224;
James first man to climb to its summit, 225
Pilot Knobs, name Hunt gave the Three Tetons, 208
Pima ruins called Casa Grande, 120
Piman stock, range of, 66
Pineda, discovers the mouth of the Mississippi, 104
Piñon tree, and nut, 10
Pitahaya, 10
Plains, extent of, 5;
character of, 5;
rivers of, 6
Platte River, 6
Plum Creek massacre, 330
Plymouth Rock, 132
Poala, one of the Tiguex villages, 114
Point George, 200
Polk, on Rio Grande boundary, 300
Ponce de Leon, 103
Pone, cornbread, 79
Population, 99;
estimate of Amerindian, 95
Porcupine Bear's protest against whiskey, 94
Portneuf River, 281;
Wyeth builds his Fort Hall there, 283
Potts, trapper, 194
Powell, John Wesley, Major, the only explorer who went where
modern Amerinds did not go, 90;
conceives the idea of exploring the canyons of the Colorado, 320;
expedition, 320;
loses a boat in Lodore, 322;
has a difference with the wrecked men, 322;
three of his men leave the canyon and are killed, 324;
emerges from the Grand Canyon, 324;
leaves the Colorado, 325;
helped by Brigham Young, 325;
thought to be dead, 325;
at St. George tries to get his mail, 325
Powell, Walter, 325
Prairie buffalo, 38
Prairies, extent of, 5
Presidio of Tubac, 124
Presidios, 122
Presbyterians in Oregon, 308
Promontory Point, Utah, 336
Provost, Etienne, famous trapper, 233;
in Brown's Park, 1825, 240
Pueblo, Pike at site of, 185;
Pike's structure near, 225;
first house built there by Americans, 235
Pueblo, villages, character of, for defence, 76;
storerooms, 80
Puebloan, explanation of term, 66;
Navajos mixed with, 66;
location of, 66;
provision against famine, 80;
rebellion of, 117
Purchase, Gadsden, 325;
Louisiana, 152-155, 161, 181, 219, 220
Purgatoire River, Long follows it, 226
Pursley (or Purcell), James, 176;
goes to Santa Fé, 177;
at Santa Fé, 178;
makes gunpowder, 178;
finds gold on head of Platte River, 192;
meets Pike, 192
Q
Quires, Pueblo village, 114
Quivira, 112, 113, 126
R
_Raccoon_, British man-of-war, arrives at Astoria and renames
it Fort George, 218
Race variation, 54
Radisson, first discoverer of the Mississippi, Preface, vi., 132.
Railway, transcontinental, 327;
military importance of, 328;
Union and Central Pacific companies formed, 328;
Amerind titles extinguished, 329;
cash bonus, 329;
amount built per day, 330
Railways, Government practically paid for them, 330
Raleigh in North Carolina, 131
Ratafia, 268
Rebellion of the Puebloans, 117
Red Canyon of Green River, 238;
Ashley's name in, 240
Red River, 6, 181;
Pike's plan concerning, 184;
not on it, 190;
boundary of Louisiana, 221;
Long searches for it, 226;
elusive, 227;
Sparks attempts to explore it, 227
Redwood forests, 8
Ree, tribe, where classed, 64
Reid, halberd found on his farm in Missouri, 126
Rendezvous in Green River Valley, described, 234, 256
Ribera, Don Juan Maria de, 139
Rigdon, Sidney, real founder of Mormonism, 305
Rio, Colorado Grande, same as Seedskedee, 4;
Grande del Norte, 5;
Grande, head of, 6;
de Espiritu Santo, 104;
de Buena Guia, the Colorado, 111;
de Tiguex, 112;
del Norte, 114;
Grande Towns, map of, 115;
de las Vacas, 116;
de Esperanza, 117;
de San Roque, 142;
Grande Settlements, 175;
Conejos, 189;
Grande, Pike on, 189;
Grande, trapping on, 269
River of Palms, the Rio Grande, 127
River of the West, 4, 140, 151;
rumors of, 138;
discovery of mouth by Heceta, 142
Rivers of the Plains, 6
Rivers, of the Wilderness, 4, 327;
of the Rocky Mountains, character of, 204
Rizner, trapper, 206
Robideau, 255
Robinson, Doctor, with Pike, 132, 190;
escorted to Chihuahua, 192
Robinson, trapper, 206, 208
Roche Jaune River, 160, 164
Rock picture of buffalo in southern Utah, 36
Rocky Mountain Fur Company, 244;
rendezvous in Green River Valley, 275;
repudiates contract with Wyeth, 283
Rocky Mountains, first view of, in the north, 139;
Long's first view of, 223;
Bijeau often there before, 1820, 226;
amount of Government aid to railways through the, 329
Rodgers, Captain, 317
Rodriguez enters New Mexico, 114
Rose, Edward, 237, 263;
with Hunt, 207
Ross's Hole, 169
Route of Lewis and Clark, 173
Routes to California, 309
Ruddock, Samuel Adams, 233
Ruins, 68;
of Casa Grande, 68
Ruiz, 114
Russia agrees on boundary, 254
Russian explorations, 140;
claims, 220
Ruxton quoted, 296;
cited, 296
S
Sabine River, boundary of Louisiana, 221
Sacajawea, Chaboneau's wife, goes with Lewis and Clark
expedition, 163;
ill, 166;
discovers a brother, chief of the Shoshones, 168
Sachem, office of, 85
Sacramento, trapping on the, 255;
city, aid to Pacific Railway, 330
Sacred tent of the Dakotas, 51
St. Augustine, date of founding, 116;
first settlement by Europeans within the borders of the
United States, 130
St. Charles, 161
St. George, 317;
Lamanites to be endowed there, 317
St. Louis, founded, 141;
developing, 151;
point of departure for the Wilderness, 143;
in 1830, 244;
intercourse with Santa Fé, 257
Salcedo, General, 192
Salishan stock, range of, 68
Salleto, Don Ignacio, captures Pike, 190
Salt, lagoons of New Mexico, 8;
in California, 8;
where obtained by the Amerinds, 72
Salt Lake, early visitors, 233;
Ashley meets Ogden there, 240;
Bridger visits it, 242;
Ashley's men circumnavigate it, 242;
Provost there before Bridger, 243;
Bonneville's desire to explore it, 276;
Frémont sees it, 300;
Mormons attracted, 304-305;
American acquisition of, 308;
road to Denver from, explored by Berthoud and Bridger, 315;
wrecked trappers go there, 322
Salt Lake City, 306
Salt Lake Valley, visited 1776 by Escalante, 124
Salvatierra, Friar, 120
San Antonio de Padua, Mission, when founded, 122
San Antonio, settlement of, 134;
Texas, population of, in 1805, 176
San Carlos de Monterey, when founded, 122
San Diego, harbour, visited by Vizcaino and Cabrillo, 119;
Mission, when founded, 122
San Fernando Mission, when founded, 122;
gold found there, 308
San Francisco, Bay, missionaries go there, 122;
Anza founds mission there, 124;
aid to railway, 330
San Francisco de Solano de Sonoma Mission, when founded, 122
San Francisco mountains, 116
San Gabriel, settlement of, 116;
Mission, when founded, 122
Sangre de Cristo Pass, 189;
crossed by Fowler and Glenn, 235
San Jacinto, battle of, won by Texans, 298
San Joaquin Valley, Walker goes up it, 280
San José Mission, when founded, 122
San Juan, New Mexico, 130;
village of, Oñate's first settlement at, 116;
Bautista Mission, when founded, 122;
Capistrano Mission, when founded, 122
San Luis Obispo Mission, when founded, 122
San Luis Park, or Valley, 235
San Luis Rey de Francia Mission, when founded, 122
San Miguel Mission, when founded, 122
San Rafael Mission, when founded, 122
San Roque, Rio de, same as the Columbia, 142
San Xavier del Bac Mission, often called Bac, 124
Santa Aña, General, 228
Santa Barbara Mission, when founded, 122
Santa Clara, Mission, when founded, 122;
River, Mormons settle on the, 313
Santa Cruz Mission, when founded, 122
Santa Fé, error of date of founding sometimes given, 116;
founded by Oñate, 117;
population of, in 1805, 175;
routes to, 176;
Long crosses trails to, 226;
the Patties go there, 246, 248;
first waggons to, 272;
Walker and Cerré go there, 272;
Whitman goes there, 290;
captured by Americans, 300
Santa Fé Trail, 257, 309
Santa Inez Mission, when founded, 122
Santa Maria enters New Mexico, 114
Say, T., with Long, 223
Scalp, Thompson's, preserved, 332
Scalped alive, 330
Scalping by white men, 243, 296
Sciatoga tribe, or Tushepaws, 214
Scott, General, sent to Mexico, 300
Secret Town Trestle, 329
Seedskedee, same as Green River and Colorado, 4, 234, 250
Selkirk, Lord, Red River Colony of, 242
Sensitive rose, 10
Sequoia trees, 8
Seton, Alfred, 272
Settlements, in New Mexico, 117;
first, in California, 120;
first European, in the United States, 130
Seven Cities of Cibola, 108, 109;
identified with Zuñi, 113;
map showing probable direction of, from Tiguex, 115
Sevier, River, 6;
trapping on, 269
Sevier Lake, 6
Sherman, General, 328
Shiam Shaspusia, name given by Crows to Meek, 294
Shinumo group, 67
Shoshokoes, 277
Shoshone, stock, range of, 63, 64;
house, 68;
Lewis meets some, 168;
Falls, 205, 207, 209
Sierra Blanca, 189;
_see_ also frontispiece.
Sierra Nevada range, 6;
Government aid to Pacific railways through, 329
Sign language of the Amerinds, 62
Sihasapa, Dakota sub-tribe, 63
Silver mines in New Mexico, early, 267
Simpson, Captain, location of Tiguex by, 113
Simpson, Sir George, in charge of Hudson Bay Company in
Oregon, 252
Siouan stock, how title is formed, 61;
range of, 63
Sioux, hostility of, 243
Sitgreaves reconnoitres Arizona, 316
Sitka, 215
Smallpox, ravages of, and other diseases, 97;
among the Plains tribes, 99
Smith, Fort, Long arrives there, 227
Smith, George A., Jr., killed by Navajos, 317
Smith, Jedediah S., 232;
with Ashley, 234;
character, 234;
goes from Salt Lake to California, 250;
goes to San Gabriel Mission, 250;
crosses the Sierra, 251;
returns to Salt Lake, 251;
goes to California a second time, 251;
attacked by Mohaves, 251;
thrown into prison by the Spaniards in California, 251;
traps to the Columbia, 251;
circuits he made, 252;
party destroyed by Shastas, 252;
reaches Fort Vancouver, 252;
meets Sublette's search party, 252;
back at Salt Lake, 252;
killed by Comanches, 262;
Gregg's estimate of, 262;
first to traverse Nevada, 269;
Walker's journey compared to Smith's, 280
Smith, Joseph, Mormon prophet, 304;
murder of, 305
Smith, Pegleg, 263;
_see_ Thomas L. Smith.
Smith, Thomas L., 263;
amputates his leg, 263;
called Pegleg, 263;
his business, 263;
gives up raiding, 264;
he and Beckwourth make a raid, 264
Snake River, 210;
plain, 211
Snow sheds in the Sierra, 331
Socorro, copper mines near, 267
Soledad Mission, when founded, 122
Song of the voyageur, 129
Sonora, Mission of Dolores in, 120;
Pass, Sierra Nevada range, 280
Sonoran government proclamation concerning booty taken from
natives, 265
Soto, Hernando de, 126;
crosses the Mississippi, 127;
death and burial, 127;
forgotten, 133
Sounds, strange, heard by Lewis and Clark, 168
South Pass, discovered by Andrew Henry, 234;
Bonneville goes over it, 272;
Frémont selected to explore it, 300
South-west, little mention of the trapping that went on there, 269
Spain and the United States, relations of, in 1805, 181;
agree on Louisiana boundary, 220
Spalding, Reverend H. H., with Whitman, 289
Spaniards expelled by the Pueblos from New Mexico, 117
Spanish, term for buffalo, 34;
restrictions on exploration, 117;
Fork, 124;
destroy French in Florida, 130;
protest against the transfer of Louisiana to the United
States, 152;
objection to Lewis and Clark's entering Louisiana before
transfer, 160;
watch Pike, 181;
intention regarding Pike, 190;
claims, 220;
River, 208, 234;
women on Santa Fé Trail, 258;
Trail, 270, 322
Sparks, one of Pike's men, freezes his feet, 190;
Captain, attempts to explore Red River, 227
Spike, the last, 335, 337
Split Mountain Canyon, 294
Sportsmen go to the Wilderness, 287
Stampede, 260
Stanford, Governor, drives the last spike, 336
Steamboat, on Long's expedition, 222;
to mouth of Yellowstone, 285;
first above Council Bluffs, 285;
advantage of, on the Missouri, 286;
_Colorado_, _Esmeralda_, _General Jesup_, _Uncle Sam_, 315
Stephens, 274
Stillwater Canyon, Green River, 322
Stock, term as applied to Amerind tribal groups explained, 61;
languages of the Amerinds, 61
Stony Mountains, 156
Strait of Juan de Fuca, 119
Straits of Anian, a myth, 147
Stuart, James, monument, described by, 140
Stuart, Robert, 215, 216, 218, 252
Sublette, Milton, 264, 274
Sublette, William, with Ashley, 234;
with Fitzpatrick and Company buys out Ashley, 244;
takes waggons to Wind River, 272
Subsistence of the Amerind tribes, 70
Succotash, 79
Sulte, Benjamin, Preface, vii.
Sumner, Jack, with Major Powell in the exploration of the
Colorado, 320;
goes down Colorado from Green River Valley to tidewater, 325
Supawn, a dish made of cooked corn, 79
Sutter's ranch, gold found there, 308
Sweetwater River, named by Ashley, 234
Swindling by traders, 94
T
Tabbaquena's map, 89
Tacoutche Tesse, not the Columbia, 148
Tamos villages seen by Espejo, 116
Tampa Bay, Soto lands there, 126
Tanning buffalo robes, 48
Taos, location of, 70;
Fowler and Glenn go there, 235;
San Fernandez de, Pattie arrives there, 248;
lightning, 268
Tariff put on American goods into New Mexico, 268
Taylor, General, ordered to occupy Rio Grande region, 300
Temples of the Virgin, location of, 8
Termini of Pacific railways, 332
Texas, Spanish settlements in, 119;
claim to, given up by the United States, 220;
status of, in the Mexican Republic, 298;
revolt, 298;
triumphs at San Jacinto, 298;
western boundary, 298;
admitted to the Union, 300
Thompson, David, to forestall Astor on the Columbia, 198;
arrives at Astoria, 202
Thompson, Almon Harris. _See_ dedication
Thompson, William, scalped alive, 330;
his scalp preserved, 332
Thorn, Captain Jonathan, to command the ship to establish
Astoria, 198;
killed on the _Tonquin_, 200
Thousand Mile Tree, 328
Three Tetons called Pilot Knobs by Hunt, 208
Tidal bore, Colorado River, 249
Tiguex, 111;
rebellion, 112;
correct site of, 113;
Espejo arrives there, 114;
map showing correct location of, 115;
below the Puerco, 116
Timpanogos, Utah Lake, 124
Tobacco, use of, by Amerind tribes, 79
Todd, grant from Spain, 151;
goes up the Missouri, 151;
Reverend Doctor, gives a prayer at the completion of the
trans-continental railway ceremony, 333, 336
Tonikan stock, 68
Tonkawan stock, 67
Tonty, 133
_Tonquin_, the doomed vessel, 198;
arrives at the Columbia, 199;
loses men in trying to cross the bar, 199;
goes on a trading voyage, 200;
crew massacred, 200
Torrey, 303
Tortillas, 267
Totem, 85
Tower of Babel, Amerinds supposed by the Mormons to be
descendants of some who were dispersed at that time, 304
Townshend, naturalist, with Wyeth, 283
Traders, cupidity of, 94, 286
Trading-posts on Missouri, 151
Trail, of Escalante, 124;
from Zuñi to the Crossing of the Fathers, 314
Trail, Creek, 168
Trap, beaver, 28;
where set, 29;
bait, 29;
picture of, 29
Trappers, operations of, 221, 253;
qualities of, 231;
treatment of natives by, 232;
did their own surgery, 288;
wrecked in Lodore, 322
Traveller's Rest, camp of Lewis and Clark, 169
Travois, the, 89
Treaty, ending war of 1812, signed, 219;
of 1848, between Mexico and the United States relative to
the boundary of Louisiana, 300;
of Gadsden with Mexico, 315
Tribal names, 86
Trinchera Valley, 235
Trudeau's House, 151
Tucson, 124
Turk, the, 112
Turnbull takes a small steamer to the Colorado, 315
Tusayan, 110
Tushepaws, or Sciatogas, 214
Tutahaco, group of Pueblos visited by Coronado, 114
U
Ugarte, Friar, 120
Uinta, range, cut into by Green River, 234;
Agency, Goodman leaves the Powell party and goes out that
way, 322
Umatilla, Hunt arrives in the valley of, 213
_Uncle Sam_, steamboat on the Colorado, 315
Union Express Company, 336
Union Pacific Railway formed, 328;
Government aid to, 329
United States, gains all east of the Mississippi, 144;
claims in 1818, 220;
treaty with Mexico, 1848, 300
Utah, Lake, 242;
called Timpanogos, 124;
territory established, 308
Ute, tribe, where classed, 63;
action of, on approach of Arapaho enemies, 297;
La Bonte goes to a camp, 297;
ford of the Colorado, 314;
Hamblin crosses by the ford, 317
V
Vaca, Alvar Nuñez Cabeza de, wrecked with Narvaez, 103;
first white man to penetrate the Wilderness, 104;
starts west, 106;
meets Spaniards from the west coast, 107
Vacas, Rio de las, 116
Vallar, Andri, 216
Valley of the Colorado, 6
Vancouver, Point, 170
Vancouver, in Deception Bay before Gray, 150
Vanished race theories, 68
Vaquero, 129;
Mexican, 267;
skill of, 267
Vargas, General, reconquers New Mexico from the Pueblos, 117
Verendrye, Sieur de la, 138;
his expedition, 139;
his route, 158
Verrazano's cruise, 128
Veta Pass, 189
Villazur expedition, 117, 138, 182;
title of paper on, by Bandelier, 134
Virgin River, Jedediah Smith reaches it and calls it Adams
River, 250;
trapping on it, 269;
difference in altitude between Green River Station, Wyoming,
and the mouth of, 320
Virgin, Thomas, Virgin River perhaps named after him, 250
Vizcaino, explorations of, 119;
enters San Diego harbour, 119
Volunteers, California, march from Salt Lake to Denver over
new road laid out by Captain Berthoud, 315
Voyageurs, songs of, 129;
character of, 147;
seasick, 199;
with Hunt, 204
W
Waggons, on the Santa Fé Trail, 258;
to Wind River and to Green River, 272
Walker, 272, 276-278, 280
Walla Walla, Fort, 281
Wallows of Buffalo, 50
Wapatoo Island, 283
War party, return of an Amerind, 100
War Road, The, 100, 185
Wasatch Mountains, 5;
eastern limit of ancient sea, 6;
Escalante crosses them, 124
Watermelons preserved all winter, 81
Weaving by Amerinds, 93
_Western Engineer, The_, Long's steamboat, 222
West port, starting point of Santa Fé Trail, 309
Wet Mountain Valley, Pike goes through it, 188
Whipple, exploration of, 316
Whirlpool Canyon, 294
Whiskey, forced on natives, 286;
still, at Fort Union, 286;
prohibited by the Government, 286;
trade, dishonour of, 287
White bears (grizzlies), 53, 164;
Dawson killed by, 235;
one of Pattie's men killed by, 247;
number counted in one day by Pattie, 247
White blood, infusion of, in Amerind tribes, 72
White buffalo, skin sacred, 51
White Mountains, 189
Whitman, Dr. Marcus, 287-289, 290, 308
Wichita tribe, where classed, 64
Wickiup, 68
Wilderness, area, 1;
rivers, 4, 327;
first European settlements in the, 5;
climate and character, 10, 230;
relief map, 24;
great elevation of, 230;
crimes in, 232;
resources of, in the opinion of Pike, of Long, of Frémont, 304;
final great problem, 320;
broken, 324
Wilkinson, General, 164;
Lieutenant, 184
Willamet, 170
Willow Island, 332
Wind River, 207;
Mountains, highest peak climbed by Frémont, 300
Wolf, mad, 275
Wolfskill, William, opens route to California, 270;
at Los Angeles, 270;
trail, 309;
referred to, 322
Women, first European, to cross the plains, 258
Wonsits Valley, 294, 322
Wood buffalo, 38
Wyeth, Nathaniel J., goes to the Wilderness, 273;
first continuous trip across the continent, 275;
builds Fort Hall, 283;
sells out to Hudson Bay Company, 283;
reports whiskey still of Fort Union, 286
X
Xavier del Bac, San, mission, 124
Y
Yaqui River, Mexico, Cabeza de Vaca reaches it, 107
Yellowstone, 8, 164;
geysers and Great Falls, 8;
Verendrye passes, 139;
named before Lewis and Clark's time, 196;
Ashley descends with furs, 242
_Yellowstone_, steamboat, 285
Yosemite Valley, 8;
first whites there, 280
Young, Brigham, becomes head of the Mormon Church, 305;
character of, 305;
goes to Salt Lake, 306;
appointed Governor of Utah, 308;
has a difference with the Washington Government, 310;
directs Jacob Hamblin to explore a road across the Colorado, 317;
sends help to Powell, 325
Young, Ewing, 264
Yucca, 10
Z
Zuñi, stock, location of, 67;
not the site of Cibola, 113;
Espejo goes there, 116;
trail from, to the Crossing of the Fathers, 314
[Illustration: Canada Lynx.
From _Wonderland _, 1904. Northern Pacific Railway.]
_The_ Romance _of the_
Colorado River : : :
_A Complete Account of the Discovery and of the Explorations from
1540 to the Present Time, with Particular Reference to the two
Voyages of Powell through the Line of the Great Canyons_
By Frederick S. Dellenbaugh
_8o, with 200 Illustrations, net, $3.50. By mail, $3.75_
"As graphic and as interesting as a novel.... Of especial value to the
average reader is the multiplicity of pictures. They occur on almost
every page, and while the text is always clear, these pictures give,
from a single glance, an idea of the vastness of the canyons and their
remarkable formation, which it would be beyond the power of pen to
describe. And the color reproduction of the water-color drawing that
Thomas Moran made of the entrance to Bright Angel Trail gives some faint
idea of the glories of color which have made the Grand Canyon the wonder
and the admiration of the world."—_The Cleveland Leader._
"His scientific training, his long experience in this region, and his
eye for natural scenery enable him to make this account of the Colorado
River most graphic and interesting. No other book equally good can be
written for many years to come—not until our knowledge of the river is
greatly enlarged."—_The Boston Herald._
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_The_ North Americans _of_
Yesterday : : :
_A Comparative Study of North American Indian Life, Customs, and
Products, on the Theory of the Ethnic Unity of the Race_
By Frederick S. Dellenbaugh
_With about 350 illustrations, 8o, net, $4.00_
"For its thoroughness, the scientific spirit in which it is written and
in which the studies on which it is based were made, the book cannot
fail to take high rank in its field of literature."—_Buffalo Express._
"It is a very interesting, very instructive and authoritative work on
a subject we should pay more attention to."—_Boston Times._
"Mr. Dellenbaugh's book is the most satisfactory volume that the
new study has evoked. It is full of facts which are agreeably but
forcibly presented. Without seeking controversy it takes bold positions
and works from their standpoint, and it is graced by a wealth of
illustration."—_Transcript_, Portland, Me.
"The first great merit of the book is that it is strictly impartial,
written from a viewpoint midway between that of the white man who has
rarely treated the Indian or his history justly, and that which the
Indian himself would be supposed to take were he to write his history.
And the author's treatment of the red man it must be admitted is
just."—_Grand Rapids Herald._
G. P. PUTNAM'S SONS
New York London
A Canyon Voyage
_The Narrative of the Second Powell Expedition down the
Green-Colorado River from Wyoming and the Explorations on Land in
the Years 1871 and 1872._
By Frederick S. Dellenbaugh
Artist and Assistant Topographer of the Expedition
_8vo with 50 Full-page Illustrations from Photographs and
from Drawings by the Author (2 in color) and Maps including
reproductions of the first maps made. Net, $3.50. By mail, $3.75._
Mr. Dellenbaugh's new book is a narrative of the United States
Exploring Expedition, generally known as the Second Powell Expedition
down the Green and Colorado Rivers from Wyoming almost forty years
ago; an expedition which in all these years never has been described
in any government publication, nor by anyone in print excepting Mr.
Dellenbaugh, who was a member of the party. Yet it was the expedition
to make the first maps of the course of the river and of some of the
contiguous country. In the _Romance of the Colorado_, Mr. Dellenbaugh
gave a brief description of this expedition in order to make his history
of the remarkable river complete, but now feeling the desirability of
a fuller record in the interest of Western United States history, he
tells, in _A Canyon Voyage_, the whole experience.
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_The_ Ohio River
_A Course of Empire_
By Archer Butler Hulbert
Associate Professor of American History, Marietta College. Author
of "Historic Highways of America," etc.
_Large Octavo with 100 Full-Page Illustrations and a Map. Net,
$3.50. By express, prepaid, $3.75_
An interesting description from a fresh point of view of the
international struggle which ended with the English conquest of the Ohio
Basin, and includes many interesting details of the pioneer movement on
the Ohio. The most widely read students of the Ohio Valley will find a
unique and unexpected interest in Mr. Hulbert's chapters dealing with
the Ohio River in the Revolution, the rise of the cities of Pittsburg,
Cincinnati, and Louisville, the fighting Virginians, the old-time
methods of navigation, etc. The work presents in a consecutive narrative
the most important historic incidents connected with the river, combined
with descriptions of some of its most picturesque scenery and delightful
excursions into its legendary lore.
_Send for Illustrated Descriptive Circular_
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