sojourner; common migrant; breeds far north.
131. =Hooded merganser.= LOPHODYTES CUCULLATUS. Rare resident both
summer and winter; breeds in eastern part and in the mountains; general
range, North America.
132. =Mallard.= ANAS BOSCHAS. Very common in migration; common in
winter; breeds below 9,000 feet, on plains as well as in mountains;
general range, whole northern hemisphere.
134a. =Mottled duck.= ANAS FULVIGULA MACULOSA. Rare migrant; an eastern
species, sometimes wandering west to plains.
135. =Gadwall.= CHAULELASMUS STREPERUS. Summer resident; common in
migration; breeds on plains; also in sloughs and small lakes at an
elevation of 11,000 feet in southern part of State; breeds abundantly at
San Luis Lakes.
137. =Baldpate.= MARECA AMERICANA. Summer resident; breeds from plains
to 8,000 feet.
139. =Green-winged teal.= NETTION CAROLINENSIS. Common summer resident;
abundant in migration; a few breed on the plains; more in mountains and
upper parks.
140. =Blue-winged teal.= QUERQUEDULA DISCORS. Same records as preceding.
141. =Cinnamon teal.= QUERQUEDULA CYANOPTERA. Common summer resident;
breeds both east and west of the range; a western species; in winter
south to Chili, Argentina, and Falkland Islands; sometimes strays east
as far as Illinois and Louisiana.
142. =Shoveller.= SPATULA CLYPEATA. Summer resident; abundant in
migration; breeds in suitable localities, but prefers mountain parks
8,000 feet in altitude; breeds throughout its range, which is the whole
of North America.
143. =Pintail=. DAFILA ACUTA. Rare summer and winter resident; common
migrant; mostly breeds in the North.
144. =Wood duck.= AIX SPONSA. Rare summer resident.
146. =Redhead.= AYTHYA AMERICANA. Common migrant; breeds far north;
migrates early in spring.
147. =Canvas-back.= AYTHYA VALLISNERIA. Migrant; not common; breeds far
north.
148. =Scaup duck.= AYTHYA MARILA. Rare migrant; both sides of the range;
breeds far north.
149. =Lesser scaup duck.= AYTHYA AFFINIS. Migrant; not common; a little
more common than preceding.
150. =Ring-necked duck.= AYTHYA COLLARIS. Rare migrant, though common in
Kansas; breeds in far North.
151. =American golden-eye.= CLANGULA CLANGULA AMERICANA. Rare migrant;
breeds far north.
152. =Barrow's golden-eye.= CLANGULA ISLANDICA. Summer and winter
resident; a northern species, but breeds in mountains of Colorado,
sometimes as high as 10,000 feet; rare on plains.
153. =Buffle-head.= CHARITONETTA ALBEOLA. Common migrant throughout
State; breeds in the North.
154. =Old squaw.= HARELDA HYEMALIS. Rare winter visitor; a northern
species.
155. =Harlequin duck.= HISTRIONICUS HISTRIONICUS. Resident; not common;
a northern species, but a few breed in mountains at an altitude of 7,000
to 10,000 feet.
160. =American eider.= SOMATERIA DRESSERI. Very rare; only two
records--one somewhat uncertain.
163. =American scoter.= OIDEMIA AMERICANA. Rare winter visitor; northern
bird, in winter principally along the sea-coast, but a few visit the
larger inland lakes.
165. =White-winged scoter.= OIDEMIA DEGLANDI. Same habits as preceding;
perhaps rarer.
166. =Surf scoter.= OIDEMIA PERSPICILLATA. Same as preceding.
167. =Ruddy duck.= ERISMATURA JAMAICENSIS. Common summer resident; both
sides of the range; breeds from plains to 10,000 feet; a beautiful bird;
author's observations given in Chapter VII.
169. =Lesser snow goose.= CHEN HYPERBOREA. Migrant and winter resident;
not common; breeds far north.
169a. =Greater snow goose.= CHEN HYPERBOREA NIVALIS. Rare migrant; only
two records; the eastern form, which does not come regularly as far west
as Colorado.
171a. =American white-fronted goose.= ANSER ALBIFRONS GAMBELI. Rare
migrant; breeds far northward.
172. =Canada goose.= BRANTA CANADENSIS. Summer and winter resident;
rare, except locally; common in migration; breeds about secluded lakes
at 10,000 feet.
172a. =Hutchins's goose.= BRANTA CANADENSIS HUTCHINSII. Common migrant;
breeds in the North; a few may winter in the State.
172c. =Cackling goose.= BRANTA CANADENSIS MINIMA. One record; Pacific
coast bird; breeds in Alaska.
173. =Brant.= BRANTA BERNICLA. Rare or accidental migrant; an eastern
species seldom coming west; breeds only within the Arctic Circle.
180. =Whistling swan.= OLOR COLUMBIANUS. Migrant; not common; formerly
fairly plentiful; breeds far northward.
181. =Trumpeter swan.= OLOR BUCCINATOR. Rare migrant; not so common as
preceding; breeds from Iowa and Dakota northward.
183. =Roseate spoonbill.= AJAJA AJAJA. Accidental; two instances;
habitat, tropical and subtropical America.
184. =White ibis.= GUARA ALBA. Rare migrant; one taken on plains;
habitat, tropical and subtropical America, coming north as far as Great
Salt Lake and South Dakota.
[185.] =Scarlet ibis.= GUARA RUBRA. Accidental; one specimen taken; a
wonderful record for this tropical species.
186. =Glossy ibis.= PLEGADIS AUTUMNALIS. Accidental; two fine specimens
taken in the State; this is far out of its ordinary tropical range.
187. =White-faced glossy ibis.= PLEGADIS GUARAUNA. Summer visitor; rare;
fairly common in New Mexico and Arizona; sometimes wanders into
Colorado; Aiken found it breeding at San Luis Lakes.
188. =Wood ibis.= TANTALUS LOCULATOR. Rare summer visitor; southern
range.
190. =American bittern.= BOTAURUS LENTIGINOSUS. Common summer resident;
breeds throughout the State, from plains to about 7,000 feet.
191. =Least bittern.= ARDETTA EXILIS. Rare summer visitor; a few records
east of mountains; one specimen seen west of the divide.
194. =Great blue heron.= ARDEA HERODIAS. Summer resident; common in
migration; seldom goes far up in the mountains, though Mr. Aiken found
one at an altitude of 9,000 feet.
196. =American egret.= ARDEA EGRETTA. Rare or accidental; one seen;
general range, the whole of the United States; in winter south to Chili
and Patagonia.
197. =Snowy heron.= ARDEA CANDIDISSIMA. Summer visitor; not known to
breed; the highest altitude is the one taken near Leadville, 10,000
feet.
198. =Reddish egret.= ARDEA RUFESCENS. Rare or accidental; only two
specimens secured; southern range.
202. =Black-crowned night heron.= NYCTICORAX NYCTICORAX NAEVIUS. Summer
resident; not common; local; more plentiful in migration.
203. =Yellow-crowned night heron.= NYCTICORAX VIOLACEUS. Rare summer
visitor; southern species; not known to breed in State.
204. =Whooping crane.= GRUS AMERICANA. Rare migrant; more common east of
Colorado.
205. =Little brown crane.= GRUS CANADENSIS. Migrant; few taken; northern
breeder.
206. =Sandhill crane.= GRUS MEXICANA. Summer resident; not uncommon
locally; in migration common; breeds as high as 8,000 feet; has been
seen in autumn passing over the highest peaks.
212. =Virginia rail.= RALLUS VIRGINIANUS. Summer resident; not uncommon;
breeds on plains and in mountains to at least 7,500 feet.
214. =Sora.= PORZANA CAROLINA. Common summer resident; breeds from
plains to 9,000 feet.
216. =Black rail.= PORZANA JAMAICENSIS. Rare migrant; one specimen
secured.
219. =Florida gallinule.= GALLINULA GALEATA. Summer visitor, not known
to breed.
221. =American coot.= FULICA AMERICANA. Common summer resident; breeds
on plains and in mountain parks.
222. =Red phalarope.= CRYMOPHILUS FULICARIUS. Migrant; rare; once taken
at Loveland by Edw. A. Preble, July 25, 1895. Breeds far north.
223. =Northern phalarope.= PHALAROPUS LOBATUS. Migrant; not uncommon;
breeds far northward.
224. =Wilson's phalarope.= STEGANOPUS TRICOLOR. Common summer resident;
more common in migration; breeds below 6,000 feet.
225. =American avocet.= RECURVIROSTRA AMERICANA. Common summer resident;
occurs frequently on the plains; less frequent in mountains.
226. =Black-necked stilt.= HIMANTOPUS MEXICANUS. Summer resident; most
common in the mountains, going as high as 8,000 feet; more common west
of range than east.
228. =American woodcock.= PHILOHELA MINOR. Rare summer resident;
Colorado the extreme western limit of its range, going only to
foothills.
230. =Wilson's snipe.= GALLINAGO DELICATA. Rare summer resident; common
migrant; winter resident, rare; found as high as 10,000 feet.
232. =Long-billed dowitcher.= MACRORHAMPHUS SCOLOPACEUS. Somewhat common
migrant; all records restricted to plains; breeds far northward.
233. =Stilt sandpiper.= MICROPALAMA HIMANTOPUS. Rare migrant; breeds
north of United States.
239. =Pectoral sandpiper.= TRINGA MACULTA. Common migrant; occurs from
the plains to the great height of 13,000 feet.
240. =White-rumped sandpiper.= TRINGA FUSCICOLLIS. Not uncommon migrant;
a bird of the plains, its western limit being the base of the Rockies;
breeds in the far North.
241. =Baird's sandpiper.= TRINGA BAIRDII. Abundant migrant; breeds far
north; returns in August and ranges over mountains sometimes at height
of 13,000 to 14,000 feet, feeding on grasshoppers.
242. =Least sandpiper.= TRINGA MINUTILLA. Common migrant; found from
plains to 7,000 feet.
243a. =Red-backed sandpiper.= TRINGA ALPINA PACIFICA. Rare migrant; only
three records; range, throughout North America.
246. =Semipalmated sandpiper.= EREUNETES PUSILLUS. Common migrant; from
the plains to 8,000 feet.
247. =Western sandpiper.= EREUNETES OCCIDENTALIS. Rare migrant; breeds
in the remote North; western species, but in migration occurs regularly
along the Atlantic coast.
248. =Sanderling.= CALIDRIS ARENARIA. Rare migrant, on plains; range
nearly cosmopolitan; breeds only in northern part of northern
hemisphere.
249. =Marbled godwit.= LIMOSA FEDOA. Migrant; not common; a bird of the
plains, but seldom seen; occasionally found in the mountains.
254. =Greater yellow-legs.= TOTANUS MELANOLEUCUS. Common migrant; in
favorable localities below 8,000 feet.
255. =Yellow-legs.= TOTANUS FLAVIPES. Common migrant; distribution same
as preceding.
256. =Solitary sandpiper.= HELODROMAS SOLITARIUS. Summer resident; not
common; in migration, common; breeds from plains to 10,000 feet.
258a. =Western willet.= SYMPHEMIA SEMIPALMATA INORNATA. Summer resident;
not common; common migrant, especially in the fall; breeds from plains
to 7,000 feet.
261. =Bartramian sandpiper.= BARTRAMIA LONGICAUDA. Common summer
resident; abundant in migration; a bird of the plains; rare west of
mountains.
263. =Spotted sandpiper.= ACTITIS MACULARIA. Abundant summer resident;
breeds on the plains and at all intermediate altitudes to 12,000 feet,
even on top of mountains of that height, if a lake or pond can be found;
in fall, ranges above timber-line to 14,000 feet; some may remain
throughout winter.
264. =Long-billed curlew.= NUMENIUS LONGIROSTRIS. Common summer
resident; breeds on the plains; also in Middle and South Parks; found
on both sides of the range.
265. =Hudsonian curlew.= NUMENIUS HUDSONICUS. Rare migrant; all records
thus far from the plains; general range, North America.
270. =Black-bellied plover.= SQUATAROLA SQUATAROLA. Migrant, not common;
bird of plains below 5,000 feet; breeds far north.
272. =American golden plover.= CHARADRIUS DOMINICUS. Migrant, not
common; same record as preceding.
273. =Killdeer.= AEGIALITIS VOCIFERA. Abundant summer resident; arrives
early in spring; breeds most abundantly on plains and at base of
foothills, but is far from rare at an altitude of 10,000 feet.
274. =Semipalmated plover.= AEGIALITIS SEMIPALMATA. Migrant, not common;
breeds near the Arctic Circle.
281. =Mountain plover.= AEGIALITIS MONTANA. Common summer resident; in
spite of its name, a bird of the plains rather than the mountains; yet
sometimes found in parks at an altitude of 8,000 and even 9,000 feet.
Its numbers may be estimated from the fact that in one day of August a
sportsman shot one hundred and twenty-six birds, though why he should
indulge in such wholesale slaughter the author does not understand.
283. =Turnstone.= ARENARIA INTERPRES. Rare migrant; breeding grounds in
the north; cosmopolitan in range, but chiefly along sea-coasts.
289. =Bob-white.= COLINUS VIRGINIANUS. Resident; somewhat common
locally; good reason to believe that all the quails of the foothills are
descendants of introduced birds, while those of the eastern border of
the plains are native. A few were introduced some years ago into Estes
Park, and are still occasionally noticed.
293. =Scaled partridge.= CALLIPEPLA SQUAMATA. Resident; common locally;
southern species, but more common than the bob-white at Rocky Ford, Col.
294. =California partridge.= LOPHORTYX CALIFORNICUS. Resident, local;
introduced at Grand Junction, Col., and have flourished so abundantly as
to become troublesome to gardeners.
295. =Gambel's partridge.= LOPHORTYX GAMBELII. Resident, rare; known
only in southwestern part of the State; a western species.
297. =Dusky grouse.= DENDRAGAPUS OBSCURUS. Resident; mountain dwellers;
breed from 7,000 feet to timber-line; in September wander above
timber-line to 12,500 feet, feeding on grasshoppers; remain in thick
woods in winter.
300b. =Gray ruffed grouse.= BONASA UMBELLUS UMBELLOIDES. Rare resident;
a more northern species, but a few breed in Colorado just below
timber-line; winters in higher foothills.
304. =White-tailed ptarmigan.= LAGOPUS LEUCURUS. Common resident; one of
the most strictly alpine species; breeds entirely above timber-line from
11,500 to 13,500 feet; thence ranging to the summits of the highest
peaks. Only in severest winter weather do they come down to timber-line;
rarely to 8,000 feet. In winter they are white; in summer fulvous or
dull grayish-buff, barred and spotted with black. This bird is
colloquially called the "mountain quail." The brown-capped leucosticte
is the only other Colorado species that has so high a range.
305. =Prairie hen.= TYMPANUCHUS AMERICANUS. Resident; uncommon and
local.
308b. =Prairie sharp-tailed grouse.= PEDIOECETES PHASIANELLUS
CAMPESTRIS. Resident, not common; once common, but killed and driven out
by pothunters; some breed in Middle Park; noted in winter at 9,500 feet.
309. =Sage grouse.= CENTROCERCUS UROPHASIANUS. Common resident. "As its
name implies, it is an inhabitant of the artemisia or sage-brush plains,
and is scarcely found elsewhere." Ranges from plains to 9,500 feet.
310. =Mexican turkey.= MELEAGRIS GALLOPAVO. Rare local resident;
southern part of the State.
310a. =Wild turkey.= MELEAGRIS GALLOPAVO FERA. Resident; rare; once
abundant, but will probably soon be exterminated; not certain whether
Colorado birds are eastern or western forms.
312. =Band-tailed pigeon.= COLUMBA FASCIATA. Summer resident; local;
breeds from 5,000 to 7,000 feet and occasionally higher.
316. =Mourning dove.= ZENAIDURA MACROURA. Summer resident; very
abundant; breeds everywhere below the pine region up to 10,000 feet,
though usually a little lower; in fall ranges up to 12,000 feet.
319. =White-winged dove.= MELOPELIA LEUCOPTERA. Four records of this
straggler in Colorado; its usual range is subtropical, though not
uncommon as far north as the southern border of the United States.
325. =Turkey vulture.= CATHARTES AURA. Common summer resident; breeds
from plains to 10,000 and even 12,000 feet.
327. =Swallow-tailed kite.= ELANOIDES FORFICATUS. Summer visitor; rare
or accidental; bird of the plains, not regularly west of central Kansas.
329. =Mississippi kite.= ICTINIA MISSISSIPPIENSIS. Accidental; two
records; a bird of eastern and southern United States, and southward.
331. =Marsh hawk.= CIRCUS HUDSONIUS. Common resident; most common in
migration; a few remain throughout winter; breeds on plains, and in
mountains to 10,000 feet; in fall may be seen at 14,000 feet.
332. =Sharp-shinned hawk.= ACCIPITER VELOX. Common resident; much more
common in mountains than on plains; breeds up to 10,000 feet.
333. COOPER'S HAWK. ACCIPITER COOPERI. Common resident; breeds from
plains to 9,000 feet.
334. =American goshawk.= ACCIPITER ATRICAPILLUS. Resident; not uncommon;
breeds from 9,000 to 10,000 feet; more common in winter than summer.
334a. =Western goshawk.= ACCIPITER ATRICAPILLUS STRIATULUS. Winter
visitor; rare, if not accidental; Pacific Coast form; comes regularly as
far east as Idaho.
337a. =Krider's hawk.= BUTEO BOREALIS KRIDERII. Resident; not uncommon;
nests on the plains; no certain record for the mountains.
337b. =Western red-tail.= BUTEO BOREALIS CALURUS. Abundant resident;
this is the Rocky Mountain form, of which Krider's hawk is the eastern
analogue; the ranges of the two forms overlap on the Colorado plains;
_calurus_ breeds from plains to 12,000 feet; not a few winter in the
State.
337d. =Harlan's hawk.= BUTEO BOREALIS HARLANI. Rare winter visitor; one
specimen; natural habitat, Gulf States and lower Mississippi Valley.
339b. =Red-bellied hawk.= BUTEO LINEATUS ELEGANS. Rare migrant; Pacific
coast species.
342. =Swainson's hawk.= BUTEO SWAINSONI. Common resident; breeds
everywhere below 11,000 feet.
347a. =American rough-legged hawk.= ARCHIBUTEO LAGOPUS SANCTI-JOHANNIS.
Somewhat common winter resident; arrives from the north in November and
remains till March.
348. =Ferruginous rough-leg.= ARCHIBUTEO FERRUGINEUS. Rather common
resident; breeds on plains and in mountains; winters mostly on plains
and along lower streams.
349. =Golden eagle.= AQUILA CHRYSAETOS. Resident; common in favorable
localities; breeds from foothills to 12,500 feet; in winter on plains
and also in mountains, often at 11,000 feet.
352. =Bald eagle.= HALLAEETUS LEUCOCEPHALUS. Fairly common resident;
mostly in mountains in summer; on plains in winter.
355. =Prairie falcon.= FALCO MEXICANUS. Not uncommon resident; breeds
from plains to 10,000 feet; quite numerous in more open portions of
western Colorado.
356. =Duck hawk.= FALCO PEREGRINUS ANATUM. Resident; not uncommon
locally; breeds up to 10,000 feet.
357. =Pigeon hawk.= FALCO COLUMBARIUS. Summer resident; not common;
usual breeding grounds 8,000 to 9,000 feet; some breed on the plains.
358. =Richardson's merlin.= FALCO RICHARDSONII. Rare summer resident;
not uncommon in migration; naturalists not quite sure that it breeds in
the State; has been taken in summer at an altitude of 11,000 feet.
360. =American sparrow hawk.= FALCO SPARVERIUS. Abundant resident; the
most common hawk from the plains to 11,000 feet; some winter in State;
breeds throughout its range.
360a. =Desert sparrow hawk.= FALCO SPARVERIUS DESERTICOLUS. Resident,
though rare; taken in Middle and South Parks.
364. =American osprey.= PANDION HALIAETUS CAROLINENSIS. Summer resident;
not uncommon locally; breeds as high as 9,000 feet; has been taken in
fall at an altitude of 10,500 feet.
365. =American barn owl.= STRIX PRATINCOLA. Resident; quite rare; a
southern species rarely coming so far north as Colorado.
366. =American long-eared owl.= ASIO WILSONIANUS. Common resident;
winters from plains to 10,000 feet; breeds from plains to 11,000 feet;
eggs laid early in April.
367. =Short-eared owl.= ASIO ACCIPITRINUS. Resident, but not common;
highest record 9,500 feet.
368. =Barred owl.= SYRNIUM NEBULOSUM. Resident; few records; one
breeding pair found in the northeastern part of the State.
369. =Spotted owl.= SYRNIUM OCCIDENTALE. Resident; not common; a little
doubt as to its identity; but Mr. Aiken vouches for its presence in the
State.
371. =Richardson's owl.= NYCTALA TENGMALMI RICHARDSONI. Rare winter
visitor; a northern species.
372. =Saw-whet owl.= NYCTALA ACADICA. Resident; not uncommon; occurs
throughout the State below 8,000 feet.
373. =Screech owl.= MAGASCOPS ASIO. Rare resident; the eastern analogue
of the next.
373e. =Rocky Mountain screech owl.= MAGASCOPS ASIO MAXWELLIAE. Common
resident; found from plains and foothills to about 6,000 feet; rare
visitant at nearly 9,000 feet.
373g. =Aiken's screech owl.= MEGASCOPS ASIO AIKENI. Resident; limited to
from 5,000 to 9,000 feet.
374. =Flammulated screech owl.= MEGASCOPS FLAMMEOLA. Rare resident;
rarest owl in Colorado, if not in the United States; ten instances of
breeding, all in Colorado; twenty-three records in all for the State.
375a. =Western horned owl.= BUBO VIRGINIANUS PALLESCENS. Common
resident; breeds on the plains and in the mountains.
375b. =Arctic horned owl.= BUBO VIRGINIANUS ARCTICUS. Winter visitor;
not uncommon; breeds in arctic America.
376. =Snowy owl.= NYCTEA NYCTEA. Rare winter visitor; occurs on the
plains and in the lower foothills; range in summer, extreme northern
portions of northern hemisphere.
378. =Burrowing owl.= SPEOTYTO CUNICULARIA HYPOGAEA. Resident; abundant
locally; breeds on plains and up to 9,000 feet.
379. =Pygmy owl.= GLAUCIDIUM GNOMA. Resident; rare; favorite home in the
mountains; breeds as high as 10,000 feet.
382. =Carolina paroquet.= CONURUS CAROLINENSIS. Formerly resident; few
records; general range, east and south; now almost exterminated.
385. =Road-runner.= GEOCOCCYX CALIFORNIANUS. Resident; not common;
restricted to southern portion of the State; breeds throughout its
range; rare above 5,000 feet, though one was found in the Wet Mountains
at an altitude of 8,000 feet.
387. =Yellow-billed cuckoo.= COCCYZUS AMERICANUS. Rare summer visitor,
on the authority of Major Bendire.
387a. =California cuckoo.= COCCYZUS AMERICANUS OCCIDENTALIS. Summer
resident; not uncommon locally; mostly found on the edge of the plains,
but occasionally up to 8,000 feet in mountains.
388. =Black-billed cuckoo.= COCCYZUS ERYTHROPHTHALMUS. Rare migrant;
only two records.
390. =Belted kingfisher.= CERYLE ALCYON. Common resident; breeds from
plains to 10,000 feet; a few remain in winter.
393e. =Rocky Mountain hairy woodpecker.= DRYOBATES VILLOSUS MONTICOLA.
Common resident; breeds from plains to 11,000 feet; winter range almost
the same.
394c. =Downy woodpecker.= DRYOBATES PUBESCENS MEDIANUS. Visitor; rare,
if not accidental.
394b. =Batchelder's woodpecker.= DRYOBATES PUBESCENS HOMORUS. Common
resident; breeding range from plains to 11,500 feet; winter range from
plains to 10,000 feet.
396. =Texan woodpecker.= DRYOBATES SCALARIS BAIRDI. Resident; rare and
local; southern range generally.
401b. =Alpine three-toed woodpecker.= PICOIDES AMERICANUS DORSALIS.
Resident; not common; a mountain bird; range, 8,000 to 12,000 feet; even
in winter remains in the pine belt at about 10,000 feet.
402. =Yellow-bellied sapsucker.= SPHYRAPICUS VARIUS. Rare migrant;
eastern form, scarcely reaching the base of the Rockies.
402a. =Red-naped sapsucker.= SPHYRAPICUS VARIUS NUCHALIS. Common summer
resident; breeds from plains to 12,000 feet, but partial to the
mountains. Author saw one at Green Lake.
404. =Williamson's sapsucker.= SPHYRAPICUS THYROIDEUS. Common summer
resident; breeds from 5,000 feet to upper limits of the pines; range
higher in the southern part of the State than in the northern.
405a. =Northern pileated woodpecker.= CEOPHLOEUS PILEATUS ABIETICOLA.
Resident; very rare; only probably identified.
406. =Red-headed woodpecker.= MELANERPES ERYTHROCEPHALUS. Common summer
resident; breeds from plains to 10,000 feet; late spring arrival; same
form in the East and West.
408. =Lewis's woodpecker.= MELANERPES TORQUATUS. Common resident;
characteristic bird of the foothills; sometimes seen as high as 10,000
feet in southern Colorado; probably does not breed above 9,000 feet.
409. =Red-bellied woodpecker.= MELANERPES CAROLINUS. Summer visitor;
rare, if not accidental; eastern and southern species, not occurring
regularly west of central Kansas.
412a. =Northern flicker.= COLAPTES AURATUS LUTEUS. Rare migrant; range
extends only to foothills; no record of its breeding.