Whereas the first tables had been given on Mount Sinai amid great
ceremonies, the presentation of the second tables took place quietly,
for God said: "There is nothing lovelier than quiet humility. The great
ceremonies on the occasion of presenting the first tables had the evil
effect of directing an evil eye toward them, so that they were finally
broken." [304] In this also were the second tables differentiated from
the first, that the former were the work of God, and the latter, the
work of man. God dealt with Israel like the king who took to himself to
wife and drew up the marriage contract with his own hand. One day the
king noticed his wife engaged in very intimate conversation with a
slave; and enraged at her unworthy conduct, he turned here out of his
house. Then he who had given the bride away at the wedding came before
the king and said to him: "O sire, dost thou not know whence thou didst
take thy bride? She had been brought up among the slaves, and hence is
intimate with them." The king allowed himself to be appeased, saying to
the other: "Take paper and let a scribe draw up a new marriage
contract, and here take my authorization, signed in my own hand." Just
so did Israel fare with their God when Moses offered the following
excuse for their worship of the Golden Calf: "O Lord, dost Thou not
know whence Thou hast brought Israel, out of a land of idolaters?" God
replied: "Thou desirest Me to forgive them. Well, then, I shall do so,
now fetch Me hither tables on which I may write the words that were
written on the first. But to reward thee for offering up thy life for
their sake, I shall in the future send thee along with Elijah, that
both of you together may prepare Israel for the final deliverance."
[305]
Moses fetched the tables out of a diamond quarry which God pointed out
to him, and the chips that fell, during the hewing, from the precious
stone made a rich man of Moses, so that he now possessed all the
qualifications of a prophet - wealth, strength, humility, and wisdom.
In regard to the last-named be it said, that God given in Moses' charge
all the fifty gates of wisdom except one.
As the chips falling from the precious stone were designed for Moses
alone, so too had originally the Torah, written on these tables, been
intended only Moses and his descendants; but he was benevolent of
spirit, and imparted the Torah to Israel. [306] The wealth that Moses
procured for himself in fashioning the Torah, was a reward for having
taken charge of the corpse of Joseph while all the people were
appropriating to themselves the treasures of Egyptians. God now said:
"Moses deserves the chips from the tables. Israel, who did not occupy
themselves with labors of piety, carried off the best of Egypt at the
time of their exodus. Shall Moses, who saw to the corpse of Joseph,
remain poor? Therefore will I make him rich through these chips." [307]
During the forty days he spent in heaven, Moses received beside the two
tables all the Torah - the Bible, Mishnah, Talmud, and Haggadah, yea,
even all that ever clever scholars would ask their teacher was revealed
to him. When he now received the command from God to teach all this to
Israel, he requested God to write down all the Torah and to give it to
Israel in that way. But God said: "Gladly would I give them the whole
in writing, but it is revealed before Me that the nations of the world
will hereafter read the Torah translated into Greek, and will say: 'We
are the true Israel, we are the children of God.' Then I shall say to
the nations: 'Ye claim to be MY children, do ye not know that those
only are My children to whom I have confided My secret, the oral
teaching?'" This was the reason why the Pentateuch only was given to
Moses in writing, and the other parts of the Torah by word of mouth.
Hence the covenant God made with Israel reads: "I gave ye a written and
an oral Torah. My covenant with you says that ye shall study the
written Torah as a written thing, and the oral as an oral; but in case
you confound the one with the other you will not be rewarded. For the
Torah's sake alone have I made a covenant with you; had ye not accepted
the Torah, I should not have acknowledged you before all other nations.
Before you accepted the Torah, you were just like all other nations,
and for the Torah's sake alone have I lifted you above the others. Even
your king, Moses, owes the distinction he enjoys in this world and in
the world hereafter to the Torah alone. Had you not accepted the Torah,
then should I have dissolved the upper and the under worlds into
chaos." [308]
Forty days and forty nights Moses now devoted to the study of the
Torah, and in all the time he ate no bread and drank no water, acting
in accordance with the proverb, "If thou enterest a city, observe its
laws." The angels followed this maxim when they visited Abraham, for
they there ate like men; and so did Moses, who being among angels, like
the angels partook of no food. He received nourishment from radiance of
the Shekinah, which also sustains the holy Hayyot that bear the Throne.
Moses spent the day in learning the Torah from God, and the night in
repeating what he had learned. In this way he set an example for
Israel, that they might occupy themselves with the Torah by night and
by day.
During this time Moses also wrote down the Torah, although the angels
found it strange that God should have given him the commission to write
down the Torah, and gave expression to their astonishment in the
following words, that they addressed to God: "How is it that Thou
givest Moses permission to write, so that he may write whatever he
will, and say to Israel, 'I gave you the Torah, I myself wrote it, and
then gave it to you?'" But God answered: "Far be it from Moses to do
such a thing, he is a faithful servant!"
When Moses had complete the writing of the Torah, he wiped his pen on
the hair of his forehead, and from this heavenly ink that cleaved to
his forehead originated the beams of light that radiated from it. [309]
In this way God fulfilled to Moses the promise: "Before all thy people
I will do marvels, such as have not been done in all the earth, nor in
any nation." [310] On Moses' return from heaven, the people were
greatly amazed to see his face shining, and there was fear, too, in
their amazement. This fear was a consequence of their sin, for formerly
they had been able to bear without fear the sight of "the glory of the
Lord that was like devouring fire," although it consisted of seven
sheaths of fire, laid one over another; but after their transgression
they could not even bear to look upon the countenance of the man who
had been the intermediator between themselves and God. [311] But Moses
quieted them, and instantly set about imparting to the people the Torah
he had received from God.
His method of instruction was as follows: first came Aaron, to whom he
imparted the word of God, and as soon as he had finished with Aaron,
came the sons of Aaron, Eleazar and Ithamar, and he instructed them,
while Aaron sat at his right hand, listening. When he had finished with
the sons of Aaron, the elders appeared to receive instruction, while
Eleazar sat at the right hand of his father, and Ithamar at the left
hand of Moses, and listened; and when he had finished with the elders,
the people came and received instruction, whereupon Moses withdrew.
Then Aaron went over what had been taught, and his sons likewise, and
the elders, until every one, from Aaron down to every man out of the
people, had four times repeated what he had learned, for in this way
had God bidden Moses impress the Torah four times upon Israel. [312]