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The Home Medical
Library
By
KENELM WINSLOW, B.A.S., M.D.
_Formerly Assistant Professor Comparative Therapeutics, Harvard
University; Late Surgeon to the Newton Hospital;
Fellow of the Massachusetts Medical Society, etc._
With the Cooeperation of Many Medical
Advising Editors and Special Contributors
IN SIX VOLUMES
_First Aid :: Family Medicines :: Nose, Throat, Lungs,
Eye, and Ear :: Stomach and Bowels :: Tumors and
Skin Diseases :: Rheumatism :: Germ Diseases
Nervous Diseases :: Insanity :: Sexual Hygiene
Woman and Child :: Heart, Blood, and Digestion
Personal Hygiene :: Indoor Exercise
Diet and Conduct for Long Life :: Practical
Kitchen Science :: Nervousness
and Outdoor Life :: Nurse and Patient
Camping Comfort :: Sanitation
of the Household :: Pure
Water Supply :: Pure Food
Stable and Kennel_
NEW YORK
The Review of Reviews Company
1907
Medical Advising Editors
Managing Editor
ALBERT WARREN FERRIS, A.M., M.D.
_Former Assistant in Neurology, Columbia University; Former Chairman,
Section on Neurology and Psychiatry, New York Academy of Medicine;
Assistant in Medicine, University and Bellevue Hospital Medical
College; Medical Editor, New International Encyclopedia._
Nervous Diseases
CHARLES E. ATWOOD, M.D.
_Assistant in Neurology, Columbia University; Former Physician, Utica
State Hospital and Bloomingdale Hospital for Insane Patients; Former
Clinical Assistant to Sir William Gowers, National Hospital, London._
Pregnancy
RUSSELL BELLAMY, M.D.
_Assistant in Obstetrics and Gynecology, Cornell University Medical
College Dispensary; Captain and Assistant Surgeon (in charge),
Squadron A, New York Cavalry; Assistant in Surgery, New York
Polyclinic._
Germ Diseases
HERMANN MICHAEL BIGGS, M.D.
_General Medical Officer and Director of Bacteriological Laboratories,
New York City Department of Health; Professor of Clinical Medicine in
University and Bellevue Hospital Medical College; Visiting Physician
to Bellevue, St. Vincent's, Willard Parker, and Riverside Hospitals._
The Eye and Ear
J. HERBERT CLAIBORNE, M.D.
_Clinical Instructor in Ophthalmology, Cornell University Medical
College; Former Adjunct Professor of Ophthalmology, New York
Polyclinic; Former Instructor in Ophthalmology in Columbia University;
Surgeon, New Amsterdam Eye and Ear Hospital._
Sanitation
THOMAS DARLINGTON, M.D.
_Health Commissioner of New York City; Former President Medical Board,
New York Foundling Hospital; Consulting Physician, French Hospital;
Attending Physician, St. John's Riverside Hospital, Yonkers; Surgeon
to New Croton Aqueduct and other Public Works, to Copper Queen
Consolidated Mining Company of Arizona, and Arizona and Southeastern
Railroad Hospital; Author of Medical and Climatological Works._
Menstruation
AUSTIN FLINT, JR., M.D.
_Professor of Obstetrics and Clinical Gynecology, New York University
and Bellevue Hospital Medical College; Visiting Physician, Bellevue
Hospital; Consulting Obstetrician, New York Maternity Hospital;
Attending Physician, Hospital for Ruptured and Crippled, Manhattan
Maternity and Emergency Hospitals._
Heart and Blood
JOHN BESSNER HUBER, A.M., M.D.
_Assistant in Medicine, University and Bellevue Hospital Medical
College; Visiting Physician to St. Joseph's Home for Consumptives;
Author of "Consumption: Its Relation to Man and His Civilization; Its
Prevention and Cure."_
Skin Diseases
JAMES C. JOHNSTON, A.B., M.D.
_Instructor in Pathology and Chief of Clinic, Department of
Dermatology, Cornell University Medical College._
Diseases of Children
CHARLES GILMORE KERLEY, M.D.
_Professor of Pediatrics, New York Polyclinic Medical School and
Hospital; Attending Physician, New York Infant Asylum, Children's
Department of Sydenham Hospital, and Babies' Hospital, N. Y.;
Consulting Physician, Home for Crippled Children._
Bites and Stings
GEORGE GIBIER RAMBAUD, M.D.
_President, New York Pasteur Institute._
Headache
ALONZO D. ROCKWELL, A.M., M.D.
_Former Professor Electro-Therapeutics and Neurology at New York
Post-Graduate Medical School; Neurologist and Electro-Therapeutist to
the Flushing Hospital; Former Electro-Therapeutist to the Woman's
Hospital in the State of New York; Author of Works on Medical and
Surgical Uses of Electricity, Nervous Exhaustion (Neurasthenia), etc._
Poisons
E. ELLSWORTH SMITH, M.D.
_Pathologist, St. John's Hospital, Yonkers; Somerset Hospital,
Somerville, N. J.; Trinity Hospital, St. Bartholomew's Clinic, and the
New York West Side German Dispensary._
Catarrh
SAMUEL WOOD THURBER, M.D.
_Chief of Clinic and Instructor in Laryngology, Columbia University;
Laryngologist to the Orphan's Home and Hospital._
Care of Infants
HERBERT B. WILCOX, M.D.
_Assistant in Diseases of Children, Columbia University._
Special Contributors
Food Adulteration
S. JOSEPHINE BAKER, M.D.
_Medical Inspector, New York City Department of Health._
Pure Water Supply
WILLIAM PAUL GERHARD, C.E.
_Consulting Engineer for Sanitary Works; Member of American Public
Health Association; Member, American Society Mechanical Engineers;
Corresponding Member of American Institute of Architects, etc.; Author
of "House Drainage," etc._
Care of Food
JANET MCKENZIE HILL
_Editor, Boston Cooking School Magazine._
Nerves and Outdoor Life
S. WEIR MITCHELL, M.D., LL.D.
_LL.D. (Harvard, Edinburgh, Princeton); Former President, Philadelphia
College of Physicians; Member, National Academy of Sciences,
Association of American Physicians, etc.; Author of essays: "Injuries
to Nerves," "Doctor and Patient," "Fat and Blood," etc.; of scientific
works: "Researches Upon the Venom of the Rattlesnake," etc.; of
novels: "Hugh Wynne," "Characteristics," "Constance Trescott," "The
Adventures of Francois," etc._
Sanitation
GEORGE M. PRICE, M.D.
_Former Medical Sanitary Inspector, Department of Health, New York
City; Inspector, New York Sanitary Aid Society of the 10th Ward, 1885;
Manager, Model Tenement-houses of the New York Tenement-house Building
Co., 1888; Inspector, New York State Tenement-house Commission, 1895;
Author of "Tenement-house Inspection," "Handbook on Sanitation," etc._
Indoor Exercise
DUDLEY ALLEN SARGENT, M.D.
_Director of Hemenway Gymnasium, Harvard University; Former President,
American Physical Culture Society; Director, Normal School of Physical
Training, Cambridge, Mass.; President, American Association for
Promotion of Physical Education; Author of "Universal Test for
Strength," "Health, Strength and Power," etc._
Long Life
SIR HENRY THOMPSON, Bart., F.R.C.S., M.B. (Lond.)
_Surgeon Extraordinary to His Majesty the King of the Belgians;
Consulting Surgeon to University College Hospital, London; Emeritus
Professor of Clinical Surgery to University College, London, etc._
Camp Comfort
STEWART EDWARD WHITE
_Author of "The Forest," "The Mountains," "The Silent Places," "The
Blazed Trail," etc._
[Illustration: A DESIRABLE METHOD OF CARRYING THE INJURED.
By this plan even the unconscious victim of an accident may be
transported a long distance, because the bearers' hands are left
entirely free and thus prevented from becoming cramped or tired, as
when a "seat" is made with clasped hands. In the method illustrated
above the patient is placed in a seat made by tying a blanket, sheet,
rope, or strap in the form of a ring. Each bearer then places his
inner arm about the patient's body and with his outer hand holds the
patient's arm around his neck.]
The Home Medical
Library
Volume I
FIRST AID IN EMERGENCIES
By KENELM WINSLOW, B.A.S., M.D. (Harv.)
_Formerly Assistant Professor Comparative Therapeutics, Harvard
University; Late Surgeon to the Newton Hospital; Fellow of the
Massachusetts Medical Society, etc._
ASSISTED BY
ALBERT WARREN FERRIS, A.M., M.D.
_Former Assistant in Neurology, Columbia University; former Chairman,
Section on Neurology and Psychiatry, New York Academy of Medicine;
Assistant in Medicine, University and Bellevue Hospital Medical
College; Medical Editor, "New International Encyclopedia"_
GERM DISEASES
By KENELM WINSLOW, B.A.S., M.D. (Harv.)
NEW YORK
The Review of Reviews Company
1907
Copyright, 1907, by
THE REVIEW OF REVIEWS COMPANY
THE TROW PRESS, NEW YORK
_Contents_
PART I
CHAPTER PAGE
I. RESTORING THE APPARENTLY DROWNED 27
Reviving the Patient--How to Expel Water from the
Stomach and Chest--Instructions for Producing
Respiration--When Several Workers are at Hand--When
One must Work Alone--How to Save a Drowning Person.
II. HEAT STROKE AND ELECTRIC SHOCK 39
First-aid Rules--Symptoms of Heat
Exhaustion--Treatment of Heat Prostration--What to
Do in Case of Electric Shock--Symptoms--Artificial
Respiration--Mortality in Lightning Strokes.
III. WOUNDS, SPRAINS, AND BRUISES 50
Treatment of Wounds--Bleeding from Arteries and
Veins--Punctured Wounds--Oozing--Lockjaw--Bruises--
Abrasions--Sprains and Their Treatment--Synovitis--
Bunions and Felons--Weeping Sinew--Foreign Bodies in
Eye, Ear, and Nose.
IV. FRACTURES 80
How to Detect Broken Bones--Fracture of Rib and
Collar Bone--Instructions for Applying
Dressings--Bandage for Broken Jaw--Fracture of
Shoulder-blade, Arm, Hip, Leg, and Other
Bones--Compound Fractures.
V. DISLOCATIONS 118
Varieties of Dislocations--Method of Reducing a
Dislocated Jaw--A Dislocated Shoulder--Indications
when Elbow is Out of Joint--Dislocation of Hip,
etc.--Forms of Bandages.
VI. ORDINARY POISONS 139
Unknown Poisons--Symptoms and Antidotes--Poisoning
by Carbolic and Other Acids--Alkalies--Metal
Poisoning--Aconite, Belladonna, and Other
Narcotics--Chloral--Opium, Morphine, Laudanum,
Paregoric, and Soothing Sirups--Tobacco, Strychnine,
etc.
VII. FOOD POISONS 147
Poisons in Shellfish and Other Food--Symptoms and
Remedies--How Bacteria are Nourished--Infected Meat
and Milk--Treatment of
Tapeworm--Trichiniasis--Potato Poisoning.
VIII. BITES AND STINGS 155
Country and City Mosquitoes--How Yellow Fever is
Communicated--Treatment of Mosquito Bites--Bee,
Wasp, and Hornet Stings--Lice--Fleas and
Flies--Centipedes and Scorpions--Spiders--Poisonous
Snakes--Cat and Dog Bites.
IX. BURNS, SCALDS, FROSTBITES, ETC. 171
General Rules for Treating Burns and Scalds--Hints
on Dressings--Burns Caused by Acids and
Alkalies--Remedies for Frostbite--Care of Blisters
and Sores--Chilblains--Ingrowing Toe Nails--Fainting
and Suffocation--Fits.
PART II
I. CONTAGIOUS MALADIES 191
Symptoms and Treatment of Scarlet
Fever--Diagnosis--Duration of Contagion--Difference
Between True and German Measles--Smallpox--Cure a
Matter of Good Nursing--Chickenpox.
II. INFECTIOUS DISEASES 221
Typhoid Fever--Symptoms and Modes of
Communication--Duration of the Disease--The Death
Rate--Importance of Bathing--Diet--Remedies for
Whooping Cough--Mumps--Erysipelas.
III. MALARIA AND YELLOW FEVER 247
Malaria Caused by Mosquitoes--Distribution of the
Disease--Severe and Mild Types--Prevention and
Treatment--Yellow Fever not a Contagious
Disease--Course of the Malady--Watchful Care and
Diet the only Remedies.
INDEX
_To First Aid and General Topics_
NOTE.--The Roman numerals I, II, III, IV, V, and VI indicate the
volume; the Arabic figures 1, 2, 3, etc., indicate the page number.
Abrasions, I, 64
Abscess, alveolar, II, 58
Acids, burns by, I, 176, 177
poisoning by, I, 140
Acne, II, 145
Adenoids, II, 61
Adulterated food, tests for, V, 91
Adulteration of food, V, 87
Ague, I, 247
cake, I, 254
Air-bath, the, IV, 159
Albumen, IV, 262
Alcohol, use of, IV, 44, 153
Alcoholic drinks, IV, 153
Alcoholism, III, 47, 52
Algae, remedy for, V, 56
Alkalies, burns by, I, 177
poisoning by, I, 140
Amenorrhoea, III, 75
Anaemia, III, 174
Ankle, sprain of, I, 65, 67, 68
Ankle-joint fracture, I, 115
Antitoxin, II, 77
Apoplexy, III, 49
Appendicitis, III, 256
Arm, fracture of, I, 91
Arteries, systemic, III, 168
Artery, bleeding from an, I, 51, 52
Arthritis, II, 177
Artificial respiration, I, 28
Asthma, II, 104
Astigmatism, II, 26
Athletics, home, IV, 69
Auricles of the heart, III, 168
=BABY=, bathing the, III, 109
care of the, III, 108
clothing of the, III, 110
diet for the, III, 134
food for the, III, 132; IV, 261
nursing the, III, 114
teething, III, 113
temperature of the, III, 110
weaning the, III, 117
weighing the, III, 112
Bacteria, destruction of, V, 238-253
in food, I, 147-154
in soil, V, 135
Baldness, II, 167; IV, 21
=BANDAGES=, I, 133
forms of, I, 132, 134, 136, 137
for bruises, I, 62-64
for fractures, I, 83-117
for sprains, I, 65-72
for wounds, I, 51-61
Barley water, IV, 263
Bathing, indoor, IV, 19, 155
outdoor, IV, 16
in convulsions, III, 35
in malaria, I, 259
in pneumonia, II, 94
in scarlet fever, I, 197
in skin irritations, II, 140
in smallpox, I, 216
in typhoid fever, I, 231
in yellow fever, I, 266
=BATHS=, cold, IV, 15
foot, IV, 157
hot, IV, 19, 156
tepid, IV, 19
Turkish, IV, 20, 159
warm, IV, 19
Bed sores, I, 233
Bed-wetting, II, 213
Bee stings, I, 158
Beef, broth, IV, 261
juice, IV, 262
parts of, IV, 198
scraped, IV, 262
tea, IV, 261
Bellyache, III, 247
Bilious fever, I, 247
Biliousness, III, 184
=BITES=, cat, I, 170
dog, I, 170
flea, I, 162
fly, I, 164
lice, clothes, I, 161
lice, crab, I, 162
lice, head, I, 160
mosquito, I, 155
snake, I, 166
spider, I, 164
tarantula, I, 164
wood tick, I, 159
Black eye, II, 14
Blackheads, II, 145
Black water fever, I, 256
Bladder, inflammation of the, II, 215
stone in the, III, 264
=BLEEDING=, from an artery, I, 51, 52
from a vein, I, 51, 52
from punctured wounds, I, 52, 53
from the lungs, I, 62
from the nose, I, 61
from the scalp, I, 60
from the stomach, I, 62
from the womb, III, 82
Blood, deficiency of, III, 174
oozing of, I, 54
Bloody flux, III, 222
Boils, II, 157
Bottles, milk, III, 128
Bowel, prolapse of the, III, 143
=BOWELS=, catarrh of the, III, 205
diseases of the, III, 205
inflammation of the, III, 252
obstruction of the, III, 268
passages from the, IV, 247
Bowleg, III, 162
Brain, anatomy of the, III, 22
arteries of the, III, 22
autopsies of the, II, 230
Breasts, care of, after childbirth, III, 105
inflammation of the, III, 140
Breath, holding the, III, 153
Breathing, how to test the, IV, 248
to produce artificial, I, 28, 34, 43, 178, 186
Bright's disease, acute, II, 220
chronic, II, 222
=BROKEN BONE=, I, 80
ankle, I, 115
arm, I, 91
collar bone, I, 85
finger, I, 101
forearm, I, 94
hand, I, 101
hip, I, 104
how to tell a, I, 80
jaw, I, 89
kneepan, I, 109
leg, I, 111
rib, I, 83
shoulder blade, I, 91
thigh, I, 106
wrist, I, 99
Bronchial tubes, diseases of the, II, 87
Bronchitis, II, 88, 91
Broth, beef, IV, 261
chicken, IV, 261
clam, IV, 263
mutton, IV, 261
oyster, IV, 267
veal, IV, 261
=BRUISES=, bandages for, I, 63
treatment of, I, 62, 63
Bunion, I, 72
=BURNS=, I, 171
about the eyes, II, 16
from acids, I, 176
from alkalies, I, 177
from electric shock, I, 45
first class, I, 172
second class, I, 172
third class, I, 173
severe, I, 174
Callus of the skin, II, 156
Camp comfort (See Contents VI)
Camp cookery (See Contents VI)
Camp cure (See Contents VI)
=CAMPING=, in the North Woods, VI, 195
in the Western Mountains, VI, 214
outfit, VI, 212
Cancer, II, 123
of the breast, II, 124
of the lip, II, 125
of the stomach, II, 125
of the womb, II, 125
Canker, II, 68
Capillaries, systemic, III, 168
Carbuncle, II, 161
Carotid arteries, III, 22
Catarrh, II, 41, 54, 55
of the bowels, III, 205
effect of, on the ears, II, 38, 41
of the stomach, III, 185
Catarrhal deafness, II, 39
inflammation of eye, II, 18
Cat bite, I, 170
Catheter, how to use a, II, 219; IV, 252
Centipede sting, I, 164
Cereals as food, IV, 35, 229
Cerebellum, III, 22
Cerebral arteries, III, 22
Chafing, II, 142
Chagres fever, I, 256
Change of life, III, 70
Chapping, II, 142
Chicken broth, IV, 261
Chickenpox, I, 217
Chilblains, I, 182
Childbed fever, III, 107
Childbirth, after-pains in, III, 105
articles needed during, III, 96
bleeding after, III, 86
care after, III, 103
care in, III, 98
=CHILDREN, DISEASES OF=, III, 140
adenoids, II, 61
bed-wetting, II, 213
bowel, prolapse of the, III, 143
bowels, catarrh of the, III, 209
bowleg, III, 162
breath, holding the, III, 153
breasts, inflammation of the, III, 140
chickenpox, I, 217
cholera infantum, III, 211
chorea, III, 155
colic, III, 267
constipation, III, 238
convulsions, III, 34
cord, bleeding of the, III, 142
cough, II, 91
croup, II, 83
diarrhea, III, 208, 209
diphtheria, II, 77
dysentery, III, 213
epilepsy, III, 39
earache, II, 48
fever, III, 146
food for, III, 132-139
foreskin, adhering, III, 141
glands, enlarged, III, 149
hip disease, III, 161
holding the breath, III, 153
knock knees, III, 163
larynx, spasm of the, III, 153
measles, I, 198
German measles, I, 203
membranous croup, II, 79
milk poisoning, III, 209, 211
mumps, I, 235
navel, sore, III, 142
pains, growing, III, 146
Pott's disease, III, 157
rickets, III, 151
ringworm, II, 149
rupture, II, 128
scarlatina, I, 192
scarlet fever, I, 192
scrofula, III, 149
scurvy, II, 182
sore mouth, II, 65
spine, curvature of the, III, 157, 159
St. Vitus's Dance, III, 155
stomach, catarrh of the, III, 209
urine, painful passage of, III, 141
urine, retention of, III, 141
wasting, III, 144
whooping cough, I, 238
worms, III, 240
Chills and fever, I, 247
Cholera, III, 228
infantum, III, 211
morbus, III, 226
Chorea, III, 158
Cinder in the eye, I, 176; II, 13
Circulation, the, III, 168
Circumcision, III, 142
Clam broth, IV, 263
Climacteric, the, III, 70
Clothing, proper, IV, 22
Cochlea, II, 46
Coffee, use of, IV, 43
Cold, exposure to, I, 181
in the head, II, 55
sore, II, 147
=COLIC=, III, 247
gallstone, III, 261
in babies, III, 267
intestinal, III, 249
mucous, III, 219
renal, III, 263
Collar-bone fracture, I, 85
Complexion, the, IV, 20
Confinement, III, 97
Congestion of the eyelid, II, 17
Conjunctivitis, II, 16, 18
Constipation, in adults, III, 233
in children, 238
Consumption, II, 96
fresh-air treatment for, II, 102
outdoor life for, VI, 72
prevention of, II, 104
Contagion, in cholera, 229
in conjunctivitis, II, 19
in diphtheria, II, 80
in eruptive fever, I, 191-220
in gonorrhea, II, 199
in grippe, II, 108
in mumps, I, 236
in syphilis, II, 206, 209
in whooping cough, I, 238
=CONTAGIOUS DISEASES=, I, 191
Convalescence (See Contents VI)
Convulsions, in children, III, 34
in adults, I, 188
=COOKING= (See Contents IV)
baking, IV, 171
boiling, IV, 180
braising, IV, 182
broiling, IV, 172
camp, VI, 220
cereals, IV, 229
eggs, IV, 184
entrees, IV, 219
fish, IV, 188
frying, IV, 175
game, IV, 202
poultry, IV, 202
roasting, IV, 171
sauces, IV, 216
sauteing, IV, 174
shellfish, IV, 195
soups, IV, 207
stewing, IV, 181
time of, IV, 177
utensils, IV, 232
vegetables, IV, 223
Copper sulphate method, V, 52
Copper vessels, use of, V, 67
Cord, bleeding of the, III, 142
Corns, II, 154
Costiveness, III, 233
=COUGH=, acute, II, 87, 91
whooping, I, 238
Cricoid cartilage, II, 70
Cross eye, II, 33
Croup, membranous, II, 79
ordinary, II, 83, 92
Curvature of the spine, III, 157, 159
Cystitis, II, 215
Dandruff, II, 167
Deafness, catarrhal, II, 39
chronic, II, 36
temporary, II, 33
Delirium tremens, III, 50
=DIARRHEA=, acute, III, 205
chronic, III, 217
of children, III, 208, 209
=DIET=, IV, 26, 107, 123, 138, 153
animal, IV, 39
details of, IV, 146
errors of, IV, 107
for babies, III, 132
for brain workers, IV, 126
for long life, IV, 107
for the aged, IV, 112
proper, IV, 138
relation to climate, IV, 108
rules for, IV, 110, 123
simplicity of, IV, 138
vegetable and animal, IV, 39
Digestion, effect of dress on, IV, 42
hygiene of, IV, 26
processes of, IV, 28
Diphtheria, II, 77
=DISINFECTANTS=, chemical, V, 243
physical, V, 240
solutions for, V, 247
Disinfection, V, 238
of rooms, V, 249
=DISLOCATIONS=, elbow, I, 125
hip, I, 129
jaw, I, 118, 120
knee, I, 119
shoulder, I, 122
Dog bite, I, 170
Doses of drugs, IV, 255
Dressings, for bruises, I, 63, 64
for wounds, I, 53, 57
surgical, I, 131
Drink, nutritious, IV, 118
Drinking, steady, III, 52
=DROWNED=, arousing the, I, 27
producing respiration in the, I, 28, 34
restoring the, I, 27
saving the, I, 36
Drowning person, death grasp of a, I, 37
saving a, I, 36
swimming to relief of a, I, 36
Drugs, doses of, IV, 255
Drum membrane, II, 33, 43, 45, 46, 48
Dysentery, in adults, III, 222
in children, III, 213
Dysmenorrhea, III, 71
=DYSPEPSIA=, III, 185
causes of, IV, 27
nervous, III, 190
=EAR=, anatomy of the, II, 33, 37, 46
diseases of the, II, 33
foreign bodies in the, I, 78; II, 39
water in the, II, 42
wax in the, II, 35
Earache, II, 40
moderate, II, 48
Eating, proper mode of, IV, 140-149
Eczema, II, 163
climatic, II, 164
occupation, II, 164
seborrheic, II, 164, 165, 167
Eggnog, IV, 268
Eggs, as food, IV, 33, 184
soft-boiled, IV, 266
Egg water, IV, 262
Elbow, dislocation of, I, 125
=ELECTRIC SHOCK=, I, 43, 46
Enteric fever, I, 221
Enteritis, catarrhal, III, 205
Entero-colitis, III, 209
Enteroptosis, IV, 43
Environment, importance of, III, 65
Epiglottis, II, 70
Epilepsy, III, 39
spasms in, III, 39
without spasms, III, 40
Erysipelas, I, 244
Eustachian tube, II, 37, 38, 41, 46, 49, 50
Exhaustion, mental and nervous, VI, 91-145
=EXERCISE=, IV, 48, 66
corrective, IV, 57
effect of, IV, 51
excessive, IV, 52
for all-round development, IV, 59, 101
for boyhood, IV, 69
for children, IV, 67
for elderly men, IV, 79
for everyone, IV, 66
for girls, IV, 73
for middle-aged men, IV, 77
for women, IV, 76
for young men, IV, 71
for youth, IV, 69
home, IV, 57
regular, IV, 53, 58
results of, IV, 98
without apparatus, IV, 57
=EYE=, anatomy of the, II, 30
astigmatism of the, II, 26 black, II, 14
catarrhal inflammation of the, II, 18
cinder in the, I, 76
cross, II, 33
diseases of the, II, 13
farsighted II, 21
foreign bodies in the, I, 76; II, 13
hyperopic, II, 22
lens of the, II, 30
muscles of the, II, 30
nearsighted, II, 25
pink, II, 19
retina of the, II, 30
sore, II, 16
strain, II, 21
wounds and burns of the, II, 16
Eyelid, congestion of the, II, 17
stye on the, II, 15
twitching of the, II, 15
Eye muscles, weakness of the, II, 28
Eye-strain, II, 21
Facial, neuralgia, III, 28
paralysis, III, 25
=FAINTING=, I, 185; III, 45
Farsightedness, II, 21
Fat as a food, IV, 35
Fatigue, causes of, IV, 50
Felon, I, 74, 75
=FEVER=, bilious, I, 247
black water, I, 256
Chagres, I, 256
chills and, I, 247
enteric, I, 221
gastric, III, 179
intermittent, I, 247
marsh, I, 247
remittent, I, 247
rheumatic, II, 169
scarlet, I, 192
swamp, I, 247
typhoid, I, 221
yellow, I, 261
Fever blister, II, 147
Fevers, eruptive contagious, I, 191
Fish as food, IV, 188
Finger, fracture of, I, 101
=FIT=, I, 188
Flea bites, I, 162
Fly bites, I, 164
Food, adulteration of, V, 87
containing parasites, I, 152
elements of, IV, 29
for babies, III, 132; IV, 261
for the sick, IV, 261
infected, I, 150
laws, V, 88
poisoning, I, 147
preparation of, IV, 171
pure, selection of, V, 89
Foods, advertised, IV, 116
Foot gear, IV, 24
Forearm fracture, I, 94
=FOREIGN BODIES=, in the ear, I, 78; II, 39
in the eye, I, 76; II, 13
in the nose, I, 79; II, 53
Foreskin, adhering, III, 141
Fourth-of-July accidents, I, 56
=FRACTURE= (See Broken Bone)
Colles', I, 99
compound, I, 80, 116
how to tell a, I, 81
simple, I, 80
Freckles, II, 150
Freezing, I, 178
=FROSTBITE=, I, 178, 180
Gallstone colic, III, 261
Ganglion, I, 75
Garbage, disposal of, V, 171
Gastric fever, III, 179
Genito-urinary diseases, II, 199
Germs (See Bacteria)
Girls, exercises for, IV, 73
physical training for, IV, 72; VI, 39
Glands, enlarged, III, 149
Gonorrhea, II, 199
in women, II, 203; III, 90
Gout, common, II, 183
rheumatic, II, 177
Grippe, la, II, 56, 108
Growing pains, III, 146
Hair, the, IV, 21
Hallucinations, II, 232
Hand, anatomy of the, III, 30
arteries of the, III, 30
fracture of the, I, 101
nerves of the, III, 30
tendons of the, III, 30
=HEADACHE=, constant, II, 120
due to disease, II, 117
due to eye strain, II, 29
due to heat stroke, II, 120
due to indigestion, II, 115
due to poisoning, II, 118
nervous, II, 117
neuralgic, II, 117
sick, II, 113
sympathetic, II, 116
Head gear, IV, 24, 160
Head injuries, III, 46
=HEART=, anatomy of the, III, 167, 168
enlargement of the, III, 169
palpitation of the, III, 171
Heart disease, III, 167
Heat exhaustion, I, 39, 40
Heating, cost of, V, 254
methods of, V, 161
=HEAT STROKE=, I, 39, 41
Hemorrhage (See Bleeding)
Hemorrhoids, II, 135
Heredity, III, 57
in consumption, II, 97
Hernia, II, 128 (See Rupture)
strangulated, II, 129
umbilical, II, 128
ventral, II, 128
Hiccough or hiccup, III, 21
Hip disease, III, 161
Hip, dislocation of, I, 129
fracture of, I, 104
Hives, II, 143
Hoarseness, II, 80
Hornet stings, I, 158
"Horrors," the, III, 50
House, proper construction of, V, 141
Housemaid's knee, I, 72
Hypodermic syringe, the, IV, 250
Hysteria, VI, 20
=INDIGESTION=, acute, III, 178
a result of errors, IV, 130
chronic, III, 185
intestinal, III, 202
not disease, IV, 134
Infants, bathing, III, 109
care of, III, 108
clothing for the, III, 110
feeding of, III, 118
Infection, V, 238
in erysipelas, I, 244
in malaria, I, 247
in typhoid fever, I, 221
in yellow fever, I, 261
=INFECTIOUS DISEASES=, I, 221
Influenza, II, 108
Ingrowing toe nail, I, 184
Injections, III, 238, 239
=INJURED, CARRYING THE=, I, Frontispiece
Insane, criminal, II, 234
delusions of the, II, 233
illusions of the, II, 231
sanitariums for the, II, 245
Insanity, II, 229; VI, 164
causes of, II, 239
false ideas regarding, II, 241
physical signs of, II, 235
prevention of, II, 240
types of, II, 236
Insensibility, III, 44
Insomnia, III, 23
Intermittent fever, I, 247
Invalids, care of, VI, 155
Itching, II, 139
Ivy poison, II, 152
Jaundice, III, 180
Jaw, dislocation of, I, 118, 120
fracture of, I, 89
Joint, injury of a, I, 65, 69
Junket, IV, 266
Kerosene, extermination of mosquitoes by, V, 77
Kidneys, inflammation of the, II, 220
Bright's disease of the, II, 219
stone in the, III, 265
Knee, dislocation of, I, 119
sprain of, I, 67, 70
Kneepan fracture, I, 109
Knock knees, III, 163
Laryngitis, II, 80
Larynx, anatomy of the, II, 70
spasm of the, III, 153
Leeches, use of, II, 43
Leg bones, fracture of, I, 111, 116
Leucorrhoea, III, 86
Lice, body, I, 161
clothes, I, 161
crab, I, 162
head, I, 160
Life-saving service, U. S., I, 27
Lightning stroke, I, 43
Limewater, IV, 268
=LOCKJAW=, I, 56
Long life, rules for (See Contents IV, Part III)
Lotions, II, 145, 151, 152, 155, 166
Lues, II, 206
Lumbago, II, 173
=LUNGS=, bleeding from the, I, 62
diseases of the, II, 87
inflammation of the, II, 93
tuberculosis of the, II, 96
=MALARIA=, I, 247
chronic, I, 253
mosquito as cause of, I, 157, 247
pernicious, I, 255
remittent, I, 254
Malt soup, IV, 267
Marasmus, III, 144
Marketing, hints on, IV, 232
Marriage relations, II, 197
Marsh fever, I, 247
Measles, common, I, 198
German, I, 203
Meat as food, IV, 32
Median nerve, III, 30
Medicine chest, contents of the, IV, 243
=MEDICINES, PATENT=, II, 245
antiphlogistine, II, 258
belladonna plasters, II, 257
dangers of, II, 260
hamamelis, II, 255
headache powders, II, 262
Listerine, II, 256
Platt's Chlorides, II, 259
Pond's Extract, II, 255
proprietary, II, 246
Scott's Emulsion, II, 257
vaseline, II, 254
witch-hazel, II, 255
Medulla oblongata, III, 22
Membranous croup, II, 79
Menopause, the, III, 70
Menstruation, III, 67
absence of, III, 75
arrest of, III, 79
cessation of, III, 78
delayed, III, 79
painful, III, 71
scanty, III, 79
Metals, poisoning by, I, 141
Miliaria, II, 148
=MILK=, as food, IV, 33
curd, IV, 266
mixtures, III, 124
peptonized, IV, 264
poisoning, III, 209, 211
porridge, IV, 267
Mind cure, VI, 31
disorder of the, II, 229
Miscarriage, danger of, III, 80
=MOSQUITO= bites, I, 155, 158; V, 71
destruction of the, I, 258; V, 75
exterminating the, V, 70
malaria due to the, I, 248
yellow fever due to the, I, 261; V, 70
Motor nerve, III, 38
Mouth-breathing, II, 60
Mouth, inflammation of the, II, 64
sore, II, 64
Mumps, I, 235
Muscular action, IV, 48
development, by will power, IV, 63
=MUSHROOM POISONING=, V, 112
Mushrooms, edible, V, 115
how to tell, V, 114
poisonous, V, 124
Mutton broth, IV, 261
Myalgia, II, 173
Myopia, II, 25
Narcotics, poisoning by, I, 142
Nasal cavity, II, 54
Navel, sore, III, 142
Nearsightedness, II, 25
Nervous debility, III, 13
diseases, III, 13
exhaustion, III, 13; VI, 70, 167
=NERVOUSNESS= (See Contents VI)
remedy for, VI, 70, 167; III, 20
Nervous system, reflex action of the, III, 38
Nettlerash, II, 143
Neuralgia, III, 27
facial, III, 28
of the chest, III, 29
Neurasthenia, III, 13
=NOSE=, anatomy of the, II, 54
bleeding from the, II, 51
catarrh of the, II, 55
diseases of the, II, 51
foreign bodies in the, I, 79; II, 53
obstructions in the, II, 60
septum of the, II, 51, 54, 61
Nosebleed, I, 61; II, 51
Nostrum, II, 248
Nurse and patient (See Contents VI)
Nurse, selection of the, VI, 150
Nursing, VI, 146
Oatmeal water, IV, 263
Olfactory nerves, III, 22
Oozing of blood, I, 54, 55
Optic nerves, III, 22
=OUTDOOR LIFE= (See Contents VI)
for consumption, VI, 72
for nervous exhaustion, VI, 70, 167
Overworked, hints for the, VI, 91
Oyster broth, IV, 267
Palmar arch, III, 30
Pains, growing, III, 146
Palpitation of the heart, III, 171
Paralysis, facial, III, 25
Paranoia, II, 237
Parasites, malarial, I, 247
yellow fever, I, 261
Paresis, II, 237
Patent medicines, II, 247
Peritonitis, III, 252
Petit mal, III, 40
Pharyngitis, II, 69
Phthisis, II, 96
Pigeon breast, II, 63
Piles, external, II, 135
internal, II, 136
Pimples, II, 145
Pink eye, II, 19
Plumbing, connections, V, 194
defects in, V, 231
drains, V, 206
fixtures, V, 216
joints, V, 194
pipes, V, 191, 206
tests, 233
traps, V, 198
Pneumonia, II, 93
=POISONING= (See Poisons)
by canned meats, I, 150
by fish, I, 148
by meat, I, 148, 150, 151
by milk, I, 148, 150, 151
food, bacterial, I, 147
food, containing parasites, I, 152
food, infected, I, 150
mushroom, V, 112
potato, I, 154
Poison ivy, II, 152
=POISONS=, acetanilid, I, 146
acid, carbolic, I, 140
acid, nitric, I, 140
acid, oxalic, I, 140
acid, sulphuric, I, 140
acids, I, 140
aconite, I, 142
alcohol, I, 143
alkalies, I, 140
ammonia, I, 141
antidotes, I, 139
antimony, I, 142
arsenic, I, 141
belladonna, I, 142
bichloride of mercury, I, 141
blue vitriol, I, 141
bug poison, I, 141
camphor, I, 142
caustic soda, I, 141
chloral, I, 143
cocaine, I, 145
copper, I, 141
corrosive sublimate, I, 141
digitalis, I, 142
ergot, I, 142
Fowler's solution, I, 141
headache powders, I, 146
hellebore, I, 142
ivy, II, 152
knockout drops, I, 143
laudanum, I, 144
lobelia, I, 142
lye, I, 141
matches, I, 142
mercury, I, 141
metals, I, 141
morphine, I, 144
narcotics, I, 142
nux vomica, I, 145
opium, I, 144
paregoric, I, 144
Paris green, I, 141
phenacetin, I, 146
phosphorus, I, 142
potash, I, 141
"rough on rats," I, 141
silver nitrate, I, 141
sleeping medicines, I, 143
soothing sirup, I, 144
strychnine, I, 145
tartar emetic, I, 142
tobacco, I, 144
unknown, I, 139
verdigris, I, 141
washing soda, I, 141
white precipitate, I, 141
Polypi, II, 54, 62
Pons Varolii, III, 22
Pott's disease, III, 157
Poultry as food, IV, 201
Pox, II, 206
Pregnancy, III, 91
diet during, III, 91
exercise during, III, 91
mental state during, III, 95
signs of, III, 80, 93
Prickly heat, II, 148
Proprietary medicines, II, 248
Pruritus, II, 139
Pulse, how to feel the, IV, 247
Punctured wound, bleeding from, a, I, 52, 53
Pure food bill, II, 249
=PURE FOOD, SELECTION OF=, V, 89-111
canned articles, V, 107
cereals, V, 98
chocolate, V, 107
cocoa, V, 107
coffee, V, 104
flavoring extracts, V, III
meat, V, 92
meat products, V, 95
olive oil, V, 110
shellfish, V, 94
spices, V, 108
sugar, V, 108
tea, V, 104
vegetables, V, 96
vinegar, V, 110
Purifying water supply, V, 52
Quinsy, II, 75
Radial nerve, III, 30
Recipes, for babies, IV, 261
for the sick, IV, 261
Reflex action illustrated, III, 38; IV, 49
Remittent fever, I, 247
Renal colic, III, 263
Respiration, to produce artificial, I, 28, 34, 43, 178, 186
Respirations, counting the, IV, 248
Rest cure, III, 20
Reversion, III, 59
Rheumatic fever, II, 169
gout, II, 177
=RHEUMATISM=, acute, II, 169
chronic, II, 175
effect on the heart, II, 170
inflammatory, II, 169
muscular, II, 173
of the chest, II, 174
Rhinitis, II, 77
Rib, broken, I, 83
Rice water, IV, 264
Rickets, III, 151
Ringworm, of body, II, 149
of scalp, II, 149
=RUN-AROUND=, I, 73
Rupture, II, 128
Salt rheum, II, 163
Sanitariums for the insane, II, 245
=SANITATION= (See Contents V)
Sarcoma, II, 124
=SCALDS=, I, 171
Scalp wounds, I, 60
Scarlatina, I, 192
Scarlet fever, I, 192
Sciatica, III, 31
Scorpion sting, I, 164
Scrofula, III, 149
Scurvy, common, II, 180
infantile, II, 182
Seasickness, III, 195
Self-abuse, II, 192
Semicircular canals, II, 46
Sensory nerve, III, 38
Septum, II, 54
deviation of the, II, 60
Serum, antivenomous, I, 169
Sewage, V, 170
disposal of, V, 172
Sewer gas, V, 187
Sewers, V, 182
Sexual organs, care of the, II, 191
diseases of the, II, 199
Sexual relations, II, 194
Shingles, III, 29
Shoulder, dislocation of, I, 122
sprain of, I, 67
Shoulder-blade fracture, I, 91
Sick, food for the, IV, 261
Sick room, the, VI, 150
=SKIN=, callus of the, II, 156
chafing of the, II, 142
chapping of the, II, 142
cracks in the, II, 156
discolorations of the, II, 150
diseases of the, II, 139
irritation of the, II, 142
itching of the, II, 139
Sleeplessness, III, 23
Sling, how to make a, 87, 88
Smallpox, I, 206
Snake bite, I, 166, 168
Soap, use of, IV, 32
Soil, bacteria in, V, 135
constituents of, V, 131
contamination of, V, 136
diseases due to, V, 139
Soil, improving the, V, 140
influence of, V, 137
Sore mouth, aphthous, II, 66
gangrenous, II, 67
simple, II, 65
ulcerous, II, 67
Sore eyes, II, 16
Sore throat, II, 69
Soup, malt, IV, 267
Soups, IV, 207
Spider bite, I, 164, 165
Spinal cord, III, 38
Spine, curvature of, III, 157, 159
Spleen, enlargement of, II, 254
Splinters, removing, I, 54
Splints, I, 61, 71, 93, 97, 102, 107, 110, 111, 114, 128
=SPRAINS=, bandages for, I, 65, 67
treatment of, 65, 66
Sprue, II, 66
Squint, II, 33
St. Vitus's Dance, III, 155
Stiff neck, II, 174
=STINGS=, bee, I, 158
centipede, I, 164
hornet, I, 158
scorpion, I, 164
wasp, I, 158
Stitching a wound, I, 58
=STOMACH=, bleeding from the, I, 62
catarrh of the, III, 185, 209
diseases of the, III, 178
neuralgia of the, III, 251
Stomachache, III, 247
Stone, in the bladder, III, 265
in the kidney, III, 263
Strabismus, II, 33
Stye, II, 15
=SUFFOCATION=, from gas, I, 186
Sunstroke, I, 40
Surgical dressings, I, 131
Swamp fever, I, 247
=SYNOVITIS=, I, 69
Syphilis, II, 206, 212
Syringe, the bulb, III, 239
the fountain, III, 238
the hypodermic, IV, 250
Tan, II, 150
Tapeworm, I, 152
Tarantula bite, I, 164
Tea, use of, IV, 43
Teeth, artificial, IV, 119
care of the, IV, 26
Teething, III, 113
Temperature, how to tell the, IV, 246
proper, IV, 161, 162
Tetter, II, 163
Thermometer, clinical, use of the, IV, 246
Thigh-bone fracture, I, 106
=THROAT=, diseases of the, II, 51,
sore, II, 69
Thrush, II, 66
Tic douloureux, III, 28
Toe nail, ingrowing, I, 184
Tongue, noting appearance of the, IV, 249
Tonsilitis, II, 71
Tonsils, enlarged, II, 63
Tooth, ulcerated, II, 58
Toothache, II, 58
Training, physical, IV, 124; VI, 38
Trichiniasis, I, 153
Truss, use of the, II, 130
Tuberculin, II, 101
Tuberculosis of the bones, III, 157
of the lungs, II, 96
=TUMORS=, II, 123
Turbinates, enlarged, II, 60
Typhoid fever, I, 221
complications of, I, 228
Ulcerated tooth, II, 58
Ulnar nerve, III, 30
=UNCONSCIOUSNESS=, III, 44
due to drunkenness, III, 47
due to epilepsy, III, 48
due to fainting, III, 45
due to head injuries, III, 46
Unconsciousness, due to kidney disease, III, 48
due to opium poisoning, III, 48
due to sunstroke, III, 48
Underclothing, proper, IV, 22
=URINE=, incontinence of, II, 213
involuntary passage of, II, 213
painful passage of, III, 141
retention of, II, 218; III, 141
stoppage of, II, 218
suppression of, II, 218
Urticaria, II, 143
Vaccination, I, 211-215
Varicocele, II, 134
Varicose veins, II, 132
Varioloid, I, 211
Veal broth, IV, 261
Vegetables as food, IV, 34, 223
Vein, bleeding from a, I, 51, 52
Veins, systemic, III, 168
=VENTILATION=, artificial, V, 157
forces of, V, 148
methods of, V, 150
natural, V, 151
Ventricles of the heart, III, 168
Vision, defects of, II, 21-33
Vocal cords, II, 70
=VOMITING=, III, 194
of blood, III, 200
of indigestion, III, 199
of pregnancy, III, 196
Wakefulness, III, 23
Warming, V, 160
Warts, flat, II, 154
moist, II, 154
seed, II, 153
threadlike, II, 153
Wasp stings, I, 158
Wasting, III, 144
=WATER=, barley, IV, 263
egg, IV, 262
lake, V, 27
lime, IV, 268
oatmeal, IV, 263
pure, V, 21, 52
rain, V, 26
rice, IV, 264
spring, V, 29
well, V, 31-37
wheat, IV, 264
Water cure, for nervous exhaustion, III, 20
Water distribution, V, 39
engines for, V, 42
hydraulic rams for, V, 40
pressure systems for, V, 47
storage tanks for, V, 46
windmills for, V, 41
Water supply, laws of, V, 37
plants which pollute, V, 54
pollution of, V, 22
purifying the, V, 52
sources of, V, 19
system for country, V, 47
Wax in the ear, II, 34
Wear and tear (See Contents VI)
Weaning, III, 117
=WEEPING SINEW=, I, 75
Wen, II, 126
Wheat water, IV, 264
Whey, mixtures, IV, 265
wine, IV, 266
Whites, III, 87
Whitlow, I, 74, 75
Whooping cough, I, 238
Womb, hemorrhage from the, III, 82
Women, exercises for, IV, 76
Wood tick, bite of, I, 159
=WORMS=, pin, III, 243
round, III, 242
tape, III, 245
=WOUNDS=, I, 50
about the eyes, II, 16
caused by pistols, I, 56
caused by firecrackers, I, 56
cleansing, I, 59
foreign bodies in, I, 54, 56
scalp, I, 60
stitching, I, 58
treatment of, I, 50, 57
Wrist, fracture of the, I, 99
sprain of the, I, 65, 67
Yellow fever, I, 261
mosquito as cause of, I, 157, 261, 265
Preface
Medicine, as the art of preserving and restoring health, is the
rightful office of the great army of earnest and qualified American
physicians. But their utmost sincerity and science are hampered by
trying restrictions with three great classes of people: those on whom
the family physician cannot call _every day_; those on whom he cannot
call _in time_; and those on whom he cannot call _at all_.
To lessen these restrictions, thus assisting and extending the
healer's work, is the aim of the pages that follow.
Consider first the average American household, where the family
physician cannot call _every day_. Not a day finds this household
without the need of information in medicine or hygiene or sanitation.
More efforts of the profession are thwarted by ignorance than by
epidemic. Not to supplant the doctor, but to supplement him, carefully
prepared information should be at hand on the hygiene of
health--sanitation, diet, exercise, clothing, baths, etc.; on the
hygiene of disease--nursing and sick-room conduct, control of the
nervous and insane, emergency resources, domestic remedies; above all,
on the prevention of disease, emphasizing the folly of self-treatment;
pointing out the danger of delay in seeking skilled medical advice
with such troubles as cancer, where early recognition may bring
permanent cure; showing the benefit of simple sanitary precautions,
such as the experiment-stations method of exterminating the
malaria-breeding mosquito. The volumes treating of these subjects
cannot be made too clear, nontechnical, fundamental, or too well
guarded by the supervision of medical men known favorably to the
profession.
Again, the physician cannot come _on time_ to save life, limb, or
looks to the victim of many a serious accident. And yet some bystander
could usually understand and apply plain rules for inducing
respiration, applying a splint, giving an emetic, soothing a burn or
the like, so as to safeguard the sufferer till the doctor's
arrival--if only these plain rules were in such compact form that no
office, store, or home in the land need be without them.
Finally, the doctor _cannot come at all_ to hundreds of thousands of
sailors, automobilists, and other travelers, to ranchers, miners, and
country dwellers of many sorts. This third class has had, hitherto,
little choice between some "Practice of Medicine," too technical to be
helpful, on the one hand, and on the other, the dubious literature of
unsanctioned "systems"; or the startling "cure-all" assertions
emanating from many proprietors of remedies; or "Complete Family
Physicians," which offer prescriptions as absurd for the layman as
would be dynamite in the hands of a child, with superfluous and
loathsome pictures appealing only to morbid curiosity, and with a
general inaccuracy utterly out of touch with twentieth-century
knowledge. What such people need, much more than the dwellers in
settled communities, is to learn the views of modern medicine upon the
treatment of the ever-present common ailments--the use of standard
remedies, cautions against the abuse of narcotics, lessons of
discrimination against harmful, useless, or expensive "patent
medicines," and proper rules of conduct for diet, nursing, and general
treatment.
Authentic health literature existed abundantly before the preparation
of these volumes, but it was scattered, expensive, and in most cases
not arranged for the widest use. Not within our knowledge has the body
of facts, most helpful to the layman on Sanitation and Hygiene, First
Aid, and Domestic Healing, been brought together as completely, as
clearly, as concisely, with a critical editing board so qualified, and
with special contributions so authoritative as this work exhibits.
"Utmost caution" has been a watchword with the editors from the start.
Those to whom the doctor _cannot come every day_ have been repeatedly
warned of the follies of self-treatment, and reminded that to-day it
is the patient that is treated--not the disease. Those to whom the
doctor _cannot come in time_ are likewise warned that the "First-aid
Rules" of this Library are for temporary treatment only, in all
situations where it is possible to get a physician. And the utmost
conservatism has been striven for by the author and the several
revisers in every part of the work that appeals particularly to
dwellers in localities so removed that the doctor _cannot come at
all_. Especial delicacy was also sought in the treatment of a chapter
which, it is hoped, will aid parents to guide their children in sexual
matters. The illustrations represent helpful, normal conditions (with
the exception of some necessary representations of fracture, etc.)
with instructive captions aimed to make them less a sensation than a
real benefit; and no pictures appear of a sort to stimulate mere
morbid curiosity.
The greatest sympathy and appreciation of this work have been shown by
the progressive and recognized practitioners who have seen early
copies. They recognize it as a timely attempt to create and compile
health literature in a form most complete within its limits of space,
and in a manner most helpful and sane. The eager curiosity regarding
_themselves_ that has been sweeping over the American people has been
diverted into frivolous and harmful channels by much reckless talk and
writing. A prominent newspaper, in its Sunday editions, recently took
up the assertion, in a series of articles, that appendicitis
operations resulted from a gigantic criminal conspiracy on the part of
surgeons; that a sufficient cure for appendicitis, "as any honest
doctor would tell you," is an injection of molasses and water! The
endless harm done by such outright untruth is swelled by a joining
stream of slapdash misinformation and vicious sensation, constantly
running through the press.
Education is sorely needed from authority. People _will_ read about
their bodies. They have a right to information from the highest
accredited source. And to apply such knowledge Dr. Winslow has labored
for many years during his practicing experience, condensing and
setting into clear order the most vitally important facts of domestic
disease and treatment; an eminently qualified staff of practicing
specialists has cooeperated, with criticism and supervision of
incalculable value to the reader; and the accepted classics in their
field follow: Dr. Weir Mitchell's elegant and inspiring essays on
Nerves, Outdoor Life, etc.; Sir Henry Thompson's "precious documents
of personal experience" on Diet and Conduct for Long Life; Dr. Dudley
A. Sargent's scientific and long-prepared system of exercises without
apparatus; Gerhard's clear principles of pure water supply; Dr.
Darlington's notes and editing from the unequaled opportunity of a New
York City Health Commissioner--and many other "special contributions."
It is the widely accepted modern medicine, and no school or "system,"
that is reflected here. While medicine, as a science, is far from
being perfect, partly because of faulty traditions and misinterpreted
experience, yet the aim of the modern school is to base practice on
_facts_. For example, for many years physicians were aware that
quinine cured malaria, in some unexplainable way. Now they not only
know that malaria is caused by an animal parasite living and breeding
in the blood and that quinine destroys the foe, but they know about
the parasite's habits and mode of development and when it most readily
succumbs to the drug. Thus a great discovery taught them to give
quinine understandingly, at the right time, and in the right doses.
An educated physician has at his command all knowledge, past and
present, pertaining to medicine. He is free to employ any means to
better his patient. Now it is impossible to cure, or even better, all
who suffer from certain disease by any one method, and a follower of a
special "system" thus ignores many agencies which might prove
efficient in his case. While there is a germ of good and truth in the
various "systems" of medical practice, their representatives possess
no knowledge unknown to science or to the medical profession at large.
Many persons are always attracted by "something new." But newness in a
medical sect is too often newness in name only. These systems rise and
fall, but scientific, legitimate medicine goes ever onward with an eye
single to the discovery of new facts.
That these volumes will result in an impetus to saner, quieter,
steadier living, and will prove a helpful friend to many a physician
and many a layman, is the earnest wish of
THE PUBLISHERS.
Part I
FIRST AID IN EMERGENCIES
BY
KENELM WINSLOW
AND
ALBERT WARREN FERRIS
_Introductory Note_
With the exception of the opening chapter, which contains the valuable
Life-saving Service Rules _verbatim_, the Editors have adopted the
plan of beginning each article in Part I of this volume with a few
simple, practical instructions, telling the reader exactly what to do
in case of an accident. For the purpose of distinguishing them from
the ordinary text, and making them easy of reference, these
_"First-aid Rules" are printed in light-faced type_.
CHAPTER I
=Restoring the Apparently Drowned=
_As Practiced in the United States Life-Saving Service_
NOTE.--These directions differ from those given in the last
revision of the Regulations by the addition of means for securing
deeper inspiration. The method heretofore published, known as the
Howard, or direct method, has been productive of excellent results
in the practice of the service, and is retained here. It is,
however, here arranged for practice in combination with the
Sylvester method, the latter producing deeper inspiration than any
other known method, while the former effects the most complete
expiration. The combination, therefore, tends to produce the most
rapid oxygenation of the blood--the real object to be gained. The
combination is prepared primarily for the use of life-saving crews
where assistants are at hand. A modification of Rule III, however,
is published as a guide in cases where no assistants are at hand
and one person is compelled to act alone. In preparing these
directions the able and exhaustive report of Messrs. J. Collins
Warren, M.D., and George B. Shattuck, M.D., committee of the
Humane Society of Massachusetts, embraced in the annual report of
the society for 1895-96, has been availed of, placing the
department under many obligations to these gentlemen for their
valuable suggestions.
=IF SEVERAL ASSISTANTS ARE AT HAND.=
RULE I. _Arouse the Patient._--Do not move the patient unless in
danger of freezing; instantly expose the face to the air, toward the
wind if there be any; wipe dry the mouth and nostrils; rip the
clothing so as to expose the chest and waist; give two or three quick,
smarting slaps on the chest with the open hand.
If the patient does not revive, proceed immediately as follows:
RULE II. _To Expel Water from the Stomach and Chest_ (see Fig.
1).--Separate the jaws and keep them apart by placing between the
teeth a cork or small bit of wood, turn the patient on his face, a
large bundle of tightly rolled clothing being placed beneath the
stomach; press heavily on the back over it for half a minute, or as
long as fluids flow freely from the mouth.
[Illustration: FIG. 1.
TO EXPEL WATER FROM STOMACH AND CHEST.
Patient lying face downward; roll of clothes beneath stomach; jaws
separated by piece of wood or cork; note rescuer pressing on back to
force out water.]
RULE III. _To Produce Breathing_ (see Figs. 2 and 3).--Clear the mouth
and throat of mucus by introducing into the throat the corner of a
handkerchief wrapped closely around the forefinger; turn the patient
on the back, the roll of clothing being so placed as to raise the pit
of the stomach above the level of the rest of the body. Let an
assistant, with a handkerchief or piece of dry cloth, draw the tip of
the tongue out of one corner of the mouth (which prevents the tongue
from falling back and choking the entrance to the windpipe), and keep
it projecting a little beyond the lips. Let another assistant grasp
the arms, just below the elbows, and draw them steadily upward by the
sides of the patient's head to the ground, the hands nearly meeting
(which enlarges the capacity of the chest and induces inspiration).
(Fig. 2.) While this is being done let a third assistant take position
astride the patient's hips with his elbows resting upon his own knees,
his hands extended ready for action. Next, let the assistant standing
at the head turn down the patient's arms to the sides of the body, the
assistant holding the tongue changing hands if necessary[1] to let the
arms pass. Just before the patient's hands reach the ground the man
astride the body will grasp the body with his hands, the balls of the
thumb resting on either side of the pit of the stomach, the fingers
falling into the grooves between the short ribs. Now, using his knees
as a pivot, he will, at the moment the patient's hands touch the
ground, throw (not too suddenly) all his weight forward on his
hands, and at the same time squeeze the waist between them, as if he
wished to force something in the chest upward out of the mouth; he
will deepen the pressure while he slowly counts one, two, three, four
(about five seconds), then suddenly let go with a final push, which
will spring him back to his first position.[2] This completes
expiration. (Fig. 3.)
[Illustration: FIG. 2.
TO PRODUCE BREATHING.
First Position: Patient lying face upward; roll of clothes under back;
tongue pulled out of mouth with handkerchief; note rescuer drawing
arms upward to sides of head to start act of breathing in.]
[Illustration: FIG. 3.
TO PRODUCE BREATHING.
Second Position: Forcing patient to breathe out; note rescuer with
thumbs on pit of stomach, pressing against front of chest over lower
ribs; also, assistant drawing down arms to body.]
At the instant of his letting go, the man at the patient's head will
again draw the arms steadily upward to the sides of the patient's head
as before (the assistant holding the tongue again changing hands to
let the arms pass if necessary), holding them there while he slowly
counts one, two, three, four (about five seconds).
Repeat these movements deliberately and perseveringly twelve to
fifteen times in every minute--thus imitating the natural motions of
breathing.
If natural breathing be not restored after a trial of the bellows
movement for the space of about four minutes, then turn the patient a
second time on the stomach, as directed in Rule II, rolling the body
in the opposite direction from that in which it was first turned, for
the purpose of freeing the air passage from any remaining water.
Continue the artificial respiration from one to four hours, or until
the patient breathes, according to Rule III; and for a while, after
the appearance of returning life, carefully aid the first short gasps
until deepened into full breaths. Continue the drying and rubbing,
which should have been unceasingly practiced from the beginning by
assistants, taking care not to interfere with the means employed to
produce breathing. Thus the limbs of the patient should be rubbed,
always in an upward direction toward the body, with firm-grasping
pressure and energy, using the bare hands, dry flannels, or
handkerchiefs, and continuing the friction under the blankets, or over
the dry clothing. The warmth of the body can also be promoted by the
application of hot flannels to the stomach and armpits, bottles or
bladders of hot water, heated bricks, etc., to the limbs and soles of
the feet.
RULE IV. _After Treatment. Externally._--As soon as breathing is
established let the patient be stripped of all wet clothing, wrapped
in blankets only, put to bed comfortably warm, but with a free
circulation of fresh air, and left to perfect rest. _Internally:_ Give
whisky or brandy and hot water in doses of a teaspoonful to a
tablespoonful, according to the weight of the patient, or other
stimulant at hand, every ten or fifteen minutes for the first hour,
and as often thereafter as may seem expedient. _Later Manifestations:_
After reaction is fully established there is great danger of
congestion of the lungs, and if perfect rest is not maintained for at
least forty-eight hours, it sometimes occurs that the patient is
seized with great difficulty of breathing, and death is liable to
follow unless immediate relief is afforded. In such cases apply a
large mustard plaster over the breast. If the patient gasps for breath
before the mustard takes effect, assist the breathing by carefully
repeating the artificial respiration.
=IF ONE PERSON MUST WORK ALONE.=
MODIFICATION OF RULE III
[_To be used after Rules I and II in case no assistance is at hand_]
_To Produce Respiration._--If no assistance is at hand, and one person
must work alone, place the patient on his back with the shoulders
slightly raised on a folded article of clothing; draw forward the
tongue and keep it projecting just beyond the lips; if the lower jaw
be lifted, the teeth may be made to hold the tongue in place; it may
be necessary to retain the tongue by passing a handkerchief under the
chin and tying it over the head.[3]
Grasp the arms just below the elbows and draw them steadily upward by
the sides of the patient's head to the ground, the hands nearly
meeting. (See Fig. 4.)
Next lower the arms to the side, and press firmly downward and
inward on the sides and front of the chest over the lower ribs,
drawing arms toward the patient's head. (See Fig. 5.)
Repeat these movements twelve to fifteen times every minute, etc.
[Illustration: FIG. 4.
ONE PERSON WORKING.
First Position: Note arm movement same as in Fig. 2; also, tongue held
between teeth by handkerchief tied under chin pressing teeth against
wooden plug.]
[Illustration: FIG. 5.
ONE PERSON WORKING.
Second Position: Note rescuer lowering arms to patient's sides and
pressing downward and inward over lower ribs.]
=INSTRUCTIONS FOR SAVING DROWNING PERSONS BY SWIMMING TO THEIR
RELIEF.=
1. When you approach a person drowning in the water, assure him, with
a loud and firm voice, that he is safe.
2. Before jumping in to save him, divest yourself as far and as
quickly as possible of all clothes; tear them off, if necessary; but
if there is not time, loose at all events the foot of your drawers, if
they are tied, as, if you do not do so, they fill with water and drag
you.
3. On swimming to a person in the sea, if he be struggling do not
seize him then, but keep off for a few seconds till he gets quiet, for
it is sheer madness to take hold of a man when he is struggling in the
water, and if you do you run a great risk.
4. Then get close to him and take fast hold of the hair of his head,
turn him as quickly as possible on to his back, give him a sudden
pull, and this will cause him to float, then throw yourself on your
back also and swim for the shore, both hands having hold of his hair,
you on your back, and he also on his, and of course his back to your
stomach. In this way you will get sooner and safer ashore than by any
other means, and you can easily thus swim with two or three persons;
the writer has even, as an experiment, done it with four, and gone
with them forty or fifty yards in the sea. One great advantage of this
method is that it enables you to keep your head up, and also to hold
the person's head up you are trying to save. It is of primary
importance that you take fast hold of the hair, and throw both the
person and yourself on your backs. After many experiments, it is
usually found preferable to all other methods. You can in this manner
float nearly as long as you please, or until a boat or other help can
be obtained.
5. It is believed there is no such thing as a _death grasp_; at least,
it is very unusual to witness it. As soon as a drowning man begins to
get feeble and to lose his recollection, he gradually slackens his
hold until he quits it altogether. No apprehension need, therefore, be
felt on that head when attempting to rescue a drowning person.
6. After a person has sunk to the bottom, if the water be smooth, the
exact position where the body lies may be known by the air bubbles,
which will occasionally rise to the surface, allowance being, of
course, made for the motion of the water, if in a tide way or stream,
which will have carried the bubbles out of a perpendicular course in
rising to the surface. Oftentimes a body may be regained from the
bottom, before too late for recovery, by diving for it in the
direction indicated by these bubbles.
7. On rescuing a person by diving to the bottom, the hair of the head
should be seized by one hand only, and the other used in conjunction
with the feet in raising yourself and the drowning person to the
surface.
8. If in the sea, it may sometimes be a great error to try to get to
land. If there be a strong "outsetting tide" and you are swimming
either by yourself or having hold of a person who cannot swim, then
get on your back and float till help comes. Many a man exhausts
himself by stemming the billows for the shore on a back-going tide,
and sinks in the effort, when, if he had floated, a boat or other aid
might have been obtained.
9. These instructions apply alike to all circumstances, whether as
regards the roughest sea or smooth water.
FOOTNOTES:
[1] Changing hands will be found unnecessary after some practice; the
tongue, however, must not be released.
[2] A child or very delicate patient must, of course, be more gently
handled.
[3] If there is stuck through the tongue a pin long enough to rest
against the teeth and keep the tongue out of the mouth, the desired
effect may be obtained.--EDITOR.