* * *
Footnotes to the Introduction:
[A] Don Gustavo Adolfo Bécquer, born in 1836 at Seville. An orphan in
his tenth year, he was educated by his godmother, whom he left at the
age of eighteen to go penniless to Madrid. He suffered many hardships,
and died in 1870 at the early age of thirty-four. Works: three volumes
of prose and verse.
[B] Don Mariano José de Larra, born in 1809. His father was a medical
officer in the French army (then stationed in Spain) of Joseph
Bonaparte, whom he followed to France after the defeat of the French.
Larra returned to Spain at the age of eight. Read law at Valladolid, but
did not complete the prescribed course. Removed to Madrid, and engaged
in journalism. Killed himself February 13, 1837, in his twenty-eighth
year. Works: Essays on manners, critical reviews, several unimportant
plays, and a novel,--_El doncel de D. Enrique el Doliente_ (1834).
[C] Doña Cecilia Böhl de Faber de Arrom (Fernán Caballero) was born in
Switzerland in 1796, daughter of a merchant of Hamburg, Johann Nikolaus
Böhl von Faber, and of a Spanish lady of Cádiz of noble family. Fernán
Caballero knew both the Spanish and the German literatures. She outlived
three husbands: Don Antonio Planells y Bardají (m. 1816), Don Francisco
Ruiz de Arco, Marqués de Arco-Hermoso (m. 1822), and Don Antonio Arrom
de Ayala (m. 1837, d. 1858). Died in 1877. Works: _La gaviota_ (1848),
called in the English version _The Lost Beauty_, _Lágrimas_ (1858), _La
familia de Alvareda_ (1856), _Una en otra_ (1861), _Clemencia_ (1862),
_Cuadros de costumbres_ (1862), _et al._
[D] See _Modern Spanish Fiction_, by Professor William Wistar Comfort of
Cornell University, in the _Atlantic Monthly_, March, 1907.
[E] Don José María de Pereda, born February 6, 1833, at Polanco, near
Santander. Studied in Santander and (engineering) in Madrid. Returned to
live in Polanco. Carlist deputy to the Cortes in 1871, but found
political life distasteful. Elected to the Spanish Academy in 1897. Died
March 1, 1906. Works: _Escenas montañesas_ (1864), _Bocetos al temple_
(1877), _Tipos trashumantes_ (1877), _El buey suelto_ (1877), _Don
Gonzalo González de la Gonzalera_ (1878), _Pedro Sánchez_ (1883),
_Sotileza_ (1884), _La Montálvez_ (1888), _La puchera_ (1889), _Nubes de
estío_ (1891), _Al primer vuelo_ (1891), _Peñas arriba_ (1895), _Pachín
González_ (1896), _et al._
[F] Don Juan Valera y Alcalá Galiano, born in 1827 near Cordova, of
illustrious family. Studied law at Málaga and Granada. Entered
diplomacy, and was minister at Washington, Vienna, and elsewhere. Died
in 1905. Works: _Pepita Jiménez_ (1874), _Las ilusiones del doctor
Faustino_ (1875), _El comendador Mendoza_ (1877), _Doña Luz_ (1879), and
many volumes of tales and of literary criticism.
[G] Don Pedro Antonio de Alarcón, born at Guadix in the Province of
Granada, March 10, 1833 son of a poor country gentleman. Received the
Bachelor's degree at Guadix, and studied law for a time at Granada.
Entered journalism and politics and was deputy and senator. Enlisted as
a volunteer in a war in Morocco. Elected to the Spanish Academy in 1875.
Died July 19, 1891. Works: _El final de Norma_ (1855), _Diario de un
testigo de la guerra de África_ (1860), _El sombrero de tres picos_
(1874), _El escándalo_ (1875), _El niño de la bola_ (1880), _Novelas
cortas_ (1881), _La pródiga_ (1881), _El capitán Veneno_ (1881),
_Historia de mis libros_ (1884), _et al._
[H] Don Antonio de Trueba, born in 1821, at Sopuerta in the Basque
Provinces. Died in 1889. Works: _Libro de los cantares_ (1852), _Cuentos
de color de rosa_ (1859), _Cuentos campesinos_ (1860), _Cuentos
populares_ (1861), _Narraciones populares_ (1874), _Cuentos de vivos y
muertos_ (1879), _Nuevos cuentos populares_ (1880), _et al._
[I] Don Narciso Campillo born in 1838 at Seville. Died in 1900. Works:
_Poesías_ (1858), _Nuevas poesías_ (1867), _Una docena de cuentos_
(1878), _Nuevos cuentos_ (1881), _et al._ Campillo also collaborated in
the collecting and writing of _Chascarillos andaluces_ with Juan Valera,
J. López Valdemoro and Dr. Thebussen.
[J] Don Benito Pérez Galdós, born May 10, 1845, at Las Palmas, Canary
Islands. Attended the institute at Las Palmas, and in 1863 went to
Madrid to read law. A republican deputy in the Cortes. Novels:
_Episodios nacionales_ (40 vols.), and about forty other novels, of
which the most popular are: _Trafalgar_ (1873), _Zaragoza_ (1874), _Doña
Perfecta_ (1876), _Gloria_, 2 vols. (1877), _Marianela_ (1878), _La
familia de León Roch_, 3 vols. (1878). _Fortunata y Jacinta_, 4 vols.
(1886), _Miau_ (1888), _Ángel Guerra_, 3 vols. (1890-91), _La loca de la
casa_ (1892). Dramas: _Los condenados_, _La fiera_, _Electra_ (1901),
_Alma y vida_, _Amor ó ciencia_, _Mariucha_, _et al._ He has also
dramatized the following of his novels: _Realidad_, _La loca de la
casa_, _La de San Quentín_, _Doña Perfecta_, _et al._
[K] Doña Emilia Pardo Bazán de Quiroga, born Sept. 16, 1851, at Coruña,
in the province of Galicia. Married in 1868, and removed to Madrid.
Works: articles of literary criticism, and _Pascual López_ (1879), _Un
viaje de novios_ (1881). _El cisne de Vilamorta_ (1885), _Los Pazos de
Ulloa_ (1886), _La madre Naturaleza_ (1887), _Insolación_ (1889),
_Morriña_ (1889), _Una cristiana_ (1890), _La prueba_ (1890), _et al._
[L] Don Armando Palacio Valdés, born Oct. 4, 1853, at Entralgo, in the
province of Asturias. His father was a lawyer, and his mother a member
of an old family of landed gentry. Studied in Oviedo, and later read law
in Madrid. Engaged in journalism as editor of the _Revista Europea_, and
in the writing of prose fiction and critical works. Works: _El Señorito
Octavio_ (1881), _Marta y María_ (1883), _José_ (1883), _La hermana San
Sulpicio_, 2 vols. (1889), _La espuma_, 2 vols. (1891), _La fe_ (1892),
_Aguas fuertes_, _La aldea perdida_, _La alegría del capitán Ribot_, _et
al._
[M] Don Vicente Blasco Ibáñez, born in 1867 at Valencia, of poor
parents. Read law. Was expelled from Spain, and after his return was
imprisoned, on account of the writings of his early youth. Was a
republican deputy from Valencia to the Cortes. Works: _Cuentos
valencianos_, 2 vols., _La barraca_, _Flor de mayo_, _La catedral_, _El
intruso_, _La bodega_, _La horda_, _La maja desnuda_, _Sangre y arena_,
_et al._ See _An Apostle of New Spain_, by Dr. R. H. Keniston, in _The
Nation_ of December 24, 1908.
[N] Don Ricardo Fernández Guardia, born at Alajuela, Costa Rica, January
4, 1867. Now minister of foreign affairs (_ministro de relaciones
exteriores_) in the republic of Costa Rica. Works: _Hojarasca_, _Cuentos
ticos_ ("_tico_" is used in Central America in speaking of an inhabitant
of Costa Rica), _Magdalena_, _El descubrimiento y la conquista de Costa
Rica_, _Cartilla histórica de Costa Rica_.
[O] Don Joaquín Díaz Garcés, born at Santiago, Chile, in 1878: writes
over the pen-name Ánjel Pino. He has been a journalist, and writer of
essays and short stories of manners. He is now secretary of the Chilean
legation at Rome, Italy.