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|DISCLAIMER |
| |
|The articles published in the Annual Reports of the Northern Nut Growers|
|Association are the findings and thoughts solely of the authors and are |
|not to be construed as an endorsement by the Northern Nut Growers |
|Association, its board of directors, or its members. No endorsement is |
|intended for products mentioned, nor is criticism meant for products not|
|mentioned. The laws and recommendations for pesticide application may |
|have changed since the articles were written. It is always the pesticide|
|applicator's responsibility, by law, to read and follow all current |
|label directions for the specific pesticide being used. The discussion |
|of specific nut tree cultivars and of specific techniques to grow nut |
|trees that might have been successful in one area and at a particular |
|time is not a guarantee that similar results will occur elsewhere. |
| |
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_Northern Nut Growers
Association_
_INCORPORATED_
_Affiliated with
THE AMERICAN HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY_
REPORT
_of the proceedings of the_
Twenty-fifth Annual Meeting
BATTLE CREEK, MICH.
_SEPTEMBER 10 and 11, 1934_
INDEX
Officers, Directors and Committees 3
State Vice-Presidents 4
List of Members 5
Constitution 8
By-Laws 9
The President 10
Proceedings of the Twenty-fifth Annual Convention 11
Address of Welcome by W. K. Kellogg 11
Report of Secretary 13
Report of Treasurer 15
Reports of Standing Committees 16
Business Session 18
The Dietetic Importance of Nuts--Dr. John Harvey Kellogg 20
Nut Culture Work of the Living Tree Guild--Miss Dorothy Sawyer 28
Progress report on Nut Growing in the Ithaca, N. Y.
region--Dr. L. H. MacDaniels 31
Some Random Notes on Nut Culture--D. C. Snyder 34
Winter Injury of Filberts at Geneva, 1933-34--Prof. G. L. Slate 36
Notes on Hickories--A. B. Anthony 41
Letter from Rev. Paul C. Crath--Poland 45
The Chestnut Situation in Illinois--Dr. A. S. Colby 47
Report on Commercial Cracking and Merchandising of Black
Walnuts--H. F. Stokes 50
Nut Culture in Ontario--George Corsan 53
Nut Growing on a Commercial Basis--Miss Amelia Riehl 54
Some Notes on the Hardiness of the English Walnut in
Michigan and Ontario--Prof. J. A. Neilson 55
Nut Tree Prospects in the Tennessee Valley--John W. Hershey 61
Some New Hicans and Pecans--J. G. Duis 62
Some Old Friends--Dr. W. C. Deming 64
Nut Growing in Vermont--Zenas H. Ellis 66
A Roll Call of the Nuts--Dr. W. C. Deming 69
Nut Culture in the North--J. F. Wilkinson 84
Varieties of Nut Trees for the Northernmost Zone--C. A. Reed 87
Notes on the TOUR, Tuesday September 11, 1934 104
Address of Prof. V. R. Gardner, Director, Experiment Station at
Michigan State College, East Lansing 104
The 1934 Ohio Black Walnut Contest--Carl F. Walker 107
Mr. Ellis' Report as Delegate to Paris Horticultural Exposition 109
Report of Resolutions Committee 110
Communications from:
J. U. Gellatley 111
B. D. Wallace 113
Vera Nekiassena 114
Divisional Forest Officer--Kashmir 115
John W. Hershey 116
Mrs. E. W. Freel 117
Geo. W. Gibbens 117
Fred Kettler 118
Telegram to Dr. Morris 119
Catalogue of Nut trees in Kellogg Plantings 120
Exhibits at Convention 122
Attendance 124
Books and Bulletins on Northern Nut Growing 126
Advertisement--"Hobbies Magazine" 127
OFFICERS OF THE ASSOCIATION
_President._ FRANK H. FREY, ROOM 930, LA SALLE ST. STATION, CHICAGO, ILL.
_Vice-President._ DR. G. A. ZIMMERMAN, 32 SOUTH 13TH ST., HARRISBURG, PA.
_Secretary._ GEO. L. SLATE, STATE AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION,
GENEVA, N. Y.
_Treasurer._. CARL F. WALKER, 2851 E. OVERLOOK ROAD, CLEVELAND HEIGHTS,
OHIO
_DIRECTORS_
FRANK H. FREY, DR. G. A. ZIMMERMAN, GEO. L. SLATE, CARL F. WALKER,
PROF. J. A. NEILSON, D. C. SNYDER.
_EDITOR OF PUBLICATIONS_
DR. W. C. DEMING
_COMMITTEES_
_Executive._ FRANK H. FREY, DR. G. A. ZIMMERMAN, GEO. L. SLATE, CARL F.
WALKER, PROF. J. A. NEILSON, D. C. SNYDER.
_Auditing._ ZENAS H. ELLIS, H. BURGART.
_Finance._ T. P. LITTLEPAGE, DR. W. C. DEMING, H. R. WEBER.
_Press and Publication_. DR. W. C. DEMING, KARL W. GREENE, DR. J. RUSSELL
SMITH, ZENAS H. ELLIS, GEO. L. SLATE.
_Membership._ COL. L. H. MITCHELL, MISS DOROTHY C. SAWYER,
J. U. GELLATLY, D. C. SNYDER, CARL F. WALKER.
_Program._ J. F. WILKINSON, DR. W. C. DEMING, C. A. REED, KARL W.
GREENE, H. R. WEBER.
_Hybrids and Promising Seedlings._ DR. G. A. ZIMMERMAN,
PROF. N. F. DRAKE, MISS AMELIA RIEHL, H. F. STOKE, J. F. WILKINSON,
C. A. REED.
_Survey._ C. A. REED, CARL F. WALKER, DR. A. S. COLBY,
H. F. STOKE, DR. L. H. MAC DANIELS, DR. W. C. DEMING.
_Exhibits._ H. R. WEBER, MISS MILDRED JONES, PROF. A. S. COLBY.
_DEAN OF THE ASSOCIATION_
DR. ROBERT T. MORRIS, OF NEW YORK AND CONNECTICUT.
_FIELD SECRETARY_
ZENAS H. ELLIS, FAIR HAVEN, VERMONT.
_OFFICIAL JOURNAL_
AMERICAN FRUIT GROWER, 1370 ONTARIO ST., CLEVELAND, OHIO.
STATE VICE-PRESIDENTS
Argentina, S. A. Francisco M. Croce
Arkansas Prof. N. F. Drake
California Will J. Thorpe
Canada J. U. Gellatly
Canal Zone L. C. Leighton
Connecticut Dr. W. C. Deming
Dist. of Columbia L. H. Mitchell
Illinois Dr. A. S. Colby
Indiana J. F. Wilkinson
Iowa D. C. Snyder
Kansas W. P. Orth
Kentucky E. C. Rice
Maryland T. P. Littlepage
Massachusetts James H. Bowditch
Michigan Harry Burgart
Minnesota Carl Weschcke
Missouri J. W. Schmid
Nebraska William Caha
New Jersey Lee W. Jaques
New York Prof. L. H. MacDaniels
Ohio Harry R. Weber
Oregon C. E. Schuster
Pennsylvania John Rick
Rhode Island Philip Allen
Vermont Zenas H. Ellis
Virginia Dr. J. Russel Smith
Washington Major H. B. Ferris
West Virginia Andrew Cross
Wisconsin Lt. G. H. Turner
NORTHERN NUT GROWERS' ASSOCIATION
List of Members as of January 1, 1935
ARGENTINA, S. A.
Croce, Francisco M., Mendoza
ARKANSAS
* Drake, Prof. N. F., Fayetteville
CALIFORNIA
Thorpe, William J., 1545 Divisadero St., San Francisco
CANADA
Chipman, G. F., "The Country Guide," Winnipeg, Manitoba
Gage, J. H., 107 Flatt Ave., Hamilton, Ont.
Gellatly, J. U., West Bank, B. C.
Middleton, M. S., Esq., District Horticulturist, Vernon, B. C.
CANAL ZONE
Leighton, L. C., Box 1452, Cristobal
CONNECTICUT
Bartlett, F. A., F. A. Bartlett Tree Expert Co., Stamford
Beeman, Henry W., New Preston
Deming, Dr. W. C., 31 Owen St., Hartford
Little, Norman B., Rocky Hill
* Morris, Dr. Robert T., Merribrooke, R. F. D., Stamford
Pratt, George D., Jr., Bridgewater
Rowley, Dr. John C., 1046 Asylum St., Hartford
Southworth, Geo. F., Milford
DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA
Gravatt, Dr. G. F., Forest Pathology, Plant Industry, U. S. D. A.,
Wash. Greene, Karl W., 2203 Foxhall Rd., N. W., Washington
* Littlepage, Thomas P., Union Trust Bldg., Washington
Mitchell, Col. Lennard H., 2219 California St., N. W., Washington
Reed, C. A., Dep't of Agriculture, Washington
ILLINOIS
Anthony, A. B., R. F. D. No. 3, Sterling
Bontz, Mrs. Lillian, General Delivery, Peoria
Colby, Dr. Arthur S., University of Illinois, Urbana
Frey, Frank H., Room 930, LaSalle St. Station, Chicago
Oakes Royal, Bluffs
Ramsdell, T. A., Hotel Galt, Sterling
Riehl, Miss Amelia, Evergreen Heights, Godfrey
Spencer, Mrs. May R., 275 W. Decatur St., Decatur
INDIANA
Galbreath, Dr. R. S., 16 W. Washington St., Huntington
Minton, Charles F., 825 South Jefferson St., Huntington
Wilkinson, J. F., Indiana Nut Nursery, Rockport
IOWA
Helmick, J. K., Columbus Junction
Iowa State Horticultural Society, State House, Des Moines
Johnson, Mrs. R. T., Knoxville
Rohrbacher, Wm., 811 East College St., Iowa City
Schlagenbusch Bros., Route No. 3, Ft. Madison
Snyder, D. C., Center Point
Van Meter, W. L., Adel
KANSAS
Orth, W. P., Mt. Hope
KENTUCKY
Horine, Dr. Emmet F., 523 Breslin Medical Bldg., Louisville
Rice, E. C., Absher
MARYLAND
Close, Dr. C. P., College Park
Hahn, Albert G., Route No. 6, Bethesda
Porter, John J., 1199 The Terrace, Hagerstown
Mehring, Upton F., Keymar
Purnell, J. Edgar, Box 24, Salisbury
MASSACHUSETTS
Allen, Edward E., Hotel Ambassador, Cambridge
* Bowditch, James H., 903 Tremont St., Boston
Brown, Daniel L., 60 State St., Boston
Hale, Richard W., 60 State St., Boston
Kaan, Dr. Helen W., Wellesley College, Wellesley
Putnam, Mrs. Ellen M., 129 Babson St., Mattapan
Russell, Mrs. Newton H., 12 Burnett Ave., South Hadley
Ryan, Henry E., Sunderland
Smith, Leon C., 60 Day Ave., Westfield
Wellman, Sargeant H., Windridge, Topsfield
MICHIGAN
Bradley, Homer L., 56 Manchester St., Battle Creek
Burgart, Harry, Michigan Nut Nursery, Route No. 2, Union City
Healey, Scott, Route No. 2, Otsego
Healy, Oliver T., Michigan Nut Nursery, Route No. 2, Union City
** Kellogg, Dr. John Harvey, 202 Manchester St., Battle Creek
** Kellogg, W. K., Battle Creek
Morrison, J. Robert, Paw Paw
Neilson, Prof. J. A., Michigan State College, E. Lansing
Otto, Arnold G., 4150 Three Mile Drive, Detroit
Stocking, Frederick N., 3456 Cadillac St., Detroit
Wieber, Frank A., Fowler
MINNESOTA
Andrews, Miss Frances E., 245 Clifton Ave., Minneapolis
Weschcke, Carl, 98 Wabasha St., St. Paul
MISSOURI
Schmid, J. W., 615 S. Holland, Springfield
NEBRASKA
Caha, Wm., Wahoo
NEW JERSEY
Buckwalter, Alan R., Flemington
* Jaques, Lee W., 74 Waverly Place, Jersey City
Orner, George D., 751 Ridgewood Rd., Maplewood
NEW YORK
Bennett, F. H., 19 East 92nd St., New York
Bixby, Mrs. Willard G., 32 Grand Ave., Baldwin
Collins, Joseph N., 335 W. 87th St., New York
Cooke, Frank S., 341 Bowery, New York
Crysdale, Stanley A., Route No. 5, Auburn
Curtis, Elroy, 58 Worth St., New York
Ellwanger, Mrs. Wm. D., 510 East Ave., Rochester
Graham, S. H., Route No. 5, Ithaca
* Huntington, A. M., 3 East 89th St., New York
Kelly, Mortimer B., 17 Battery Place, New York
* Lewis, Clarence, 1000 Park Ave., New York
MacDaniels, Dr. L. H., c/o Cornell University, Ithaca, N. Y.
* Montgomery, Robert H., 385 Madison Ave., New York
Pickhardt, Dr. Otto C., 117 East 80th St., New York
Sawyer, Miss Dorothy C., Living Tree Guild, 468 Fourth Ave., N. Y.
Sefton, Pennington, 94 Lake Ave., Auburn
Slate, Geo. L., State Agricultural Exp. Station, Geneva
Smith, Gilbert L., State School, Wassaic
Tice, David, Lockport
Tukey, Dr. Harold B., State Agricultural Exp. Station, Geneva
* Wissman, Mrs. F. de R., 9 W. 54th St., New York
OHIO
Canaday, Ward M., Home Bank Bldg., Toledo
Cranz, Eugene F., Mount Tom Farm, Ira
Fickes, W. R., Route No. 7, Wooster
Gerber, E. P., Route No. 1, Apple Creek
Park, Dr. J. B., Ohio State University, Columbus
Tabor, Rollin H., Mount Vernon
Thorton, Willis, Fenway Hall Hotel, Cleveland
Walker, Carl F., 2851 E. Overlook Rd., Cleveland Heights
* Weber, Harry R., 123 East 6th St., Cincinnati
OREGON
Schuster, C. E., Horticulturist, Corvallis
PENNSYLVANIA
Baum, Dr. F. L., Yellow House
Gebhardt, F. C., 140 East 29th St., Erie
Hershey, John W., Downingtown
Hostetter, C. F., Bird-In-Hand
Hostetter, L. K., Route No. 5, Lancaster
Jones Nurseries, J. F., Lancaster, Box 356
Kaufman, M. M., Clarion
Leach, Will, Cornell Bldg., Scranton
McIntyre, A. C., Dep't of Forestry, State College
Miller, Herbert, Pinecrest Poultry Farms, Richfield
* Rick, John, 438 Pennsylvania Square, Reading
Ruhl, A. W., Langhorne Terrace, Langhorne
Smith, Dr. J. Russell, Swarthmore, Pa., 550 Elm Ave.
Theiss, Dr. Lewis E., Muncy
* Wister, John C., Clarkson Ave. & Wister Sts., Germantown
Wright, Ross Pier, 235 West 6th St., Erie
Zimmerman, Dr. G. A., 32 So. 13th St., Harrisburg
RHODE ISLAND
** Allen, Phillip, 178 Dorance St., Providence
VERMONT
Aldrich, A. W., Route No. 3, Springfield
Elfgren, Ivar P., 11 Sheldon Place, Rutland
* Ellis, Zenas H., Fair Haven
VIRGINIA
Ricketts, E. T., Box 168-D, Route No. 5, Alexandria
Stoke, H. F., 1421 Watts Ave., Roanoke
WASHINGTON
Ferris, Major Hiram B., P. O. Box 74, Spokane
WEST VIRGINIA
Cross, Andrew, Ripley
WISCONSIN
Turner, Lieut. G. H., 932 Prospect Ave., Portage
* Life Member
** Contributing Member
CONSTITUTION
ARTICLE I
_Name._ This Society shall be known as the NORTHERN NUT GROWERS
ASSOCIATION, INCORPORATED.
ARTICLE II
_Object._ Its object shall be the promotion of interest in nut-bearing
plants, their products and their culture.
ARTICLE III
_Membership._ Membership in this society shall be open to all persons
who desire to further nut culture, without reference to place of
residence or nationality, subject to the rules and regulations of the
committee on membership.
ARTICLE IV
_Officers._ There shall be a president, a vice-president, a secretary
and a treasurer, who shall be elected by ballot at the annual meeting;
and an executive committee of six persons, of which the president, the
two last retiring presidents, the vice-president, the secretary and the
treasurer shall be members. There shall be a state vice-president from
each state, dependency, or country represented in the membership of the
association, who shall be appointed by the president.
ARTICLE V
_Election of Officers._ A committee of five members shall be elected at
the annual meeting for the purpose of nominating officers for the
following year.
ARTICLE VI
_Meetings._ The place and time of the annual meeting shall be selected
by the membership in session or, in the event of no selection being made
at this time, the executive committee shall choose the place and time
for the holding of the annual convention. Such other meetings as may
seem desirable may be called by the president and executive committee.
ARTICLE VII
_Quorum._ Ten members of the association shall constitute a quorum, but
must include two of the four elected officers.
ARTICLE VIII
_Amendments._ This constitution may be amended by a two-thirds vote of
the members present at any annual meeting, notice of such amendment
having been read at the previous annual meeting, or a copy of the
proposed amendment having been mailed by any member to each member
thirty days before the date of the annual meeting.
BY-LAWS
ARTICLE I
_Committees._ The Association shall appoint standing committees as
follows: On membership, on finance, on programme, on press and
publication, on exhibits, on hybrids, on survey, and an auditing
committee. The committee on membership may make recommendations to the
Association as to the discipline or expulsion of any member.
ARTICLE II
_Fees._ Annual members shall pay two dollars annually. Contributing
members shall pay ten dollars annually. Life members shall make one
payment of fifty dollars, and shall be exempt from further dues and will
be entitled to same benefits as annual members. Honorary members shall
be exempt from dues. "Perpetual" membership is eligible to any one who
leaves at least five hundred dollars to the Association and such
membership on payment of said sum to the Association will entitle the
name of the deceased to be forever enrolled in the list of members as
"Perpetual" with the words "In Memoriam" added thereto. Funds received
therefor shall be invested by the Treasurer in interest bearing
securities legal for trust funds in the District of Columbia. Only the
interest shall be expended by the Association. When such funds are in
the treasury the Treasurer shall be bonded. Provided; that in the event
the Association becomes defunct or dissolves then, in that event, the
Treasurer shall turn over any funds held in his hands for this purpose
for such uses, individuals or companies that the donor may designate at
the time he makes the bequest or the donation.
ARTICLE III
_Membership._ All annual memberships shall begin either with the first
day of the calendar quarter following the date of joining the
Association, or with the first day of the calendar quarter preceding
that date as may be arranged between the new member and the Treasurer.
ARTICLE IV
_Amendments._ By-laws may be amended by a two-third vote of members
present at any annual meeting.
ARTICLE V
Members shall be sent a notification of annual dues at the time they are
due, and if not paid within two months, they shall be sent a second
notice, telling them that they are not in good standing on account of
non-payment of dues, and are not entitled to receive the annual report.
At the end of thirty days from the sending of the second notice, a third
notice shall be sent notifying such members that unless dues are paid
within ten days from the receipt of this notice, their names will be
dropped from the rolls for non-payment of dues.
[Illustration: THE PRESIDENT--Frank H. Frey]
Report of the Proceedings at the Twenty-fifth Annual Convention
_of the_
Northern Nut Growers Association (INCORPORATED)
_September 10, 11, 1934_
BATTLE CREEK, MICHIGAN
The first session convened at 9:30 A. M., September 10, at the Kellogg
Hotel with President Frey in the chair.
_The President:_
This is the twenty-fifth annual convention of the Northern Nut Growers'
Association, our silver anniversary. Fifteen years ago the convention
was held in this city. We are glad to be back again and happy to have
with us Mr. W. K. Kellogg who has consented to extend a welcome.
MR. KELLOGG:
I am glad to welcome this association, and you as individuals, to Battle
Creek. A year ago when an invitation was sent you thru Professor Neilson
to make this your meeting place for 1934, we were very much pleased to
have the invitation accepted. Now that we have the pleasure of your
presence we hope you may have an enjoyable and profitable time.
Battle Creek was undoubtedly put on the map many years ago by the Battle
Creek Sanitarium and has since been kept prominently before the public
by the extensive advertising that has been done by the companies located
here which manufacture ready-to-eat foods. The records indicate that
more than 15,000 carloads of these foods are shipped every year to
almost every country on the globe. More than 4,500 people are given
employment. So much for the magic words, "Battle Creek."
My interest in nuts dates from my earliest recollection when my father
took the children nutting. In the evening we often gathered around the
kerosene lamp, the kitchen stove and father with an inverted flat iron
in his lap and a pan of Ohio hickory nuts near by. These, accompanied by
some red-cheeked apples, entertained us royally. No movies in those
days. About ten or twelve years ago Mrs. Kellogg and I had the
opportunity of listening to a talk by Mr. George Hebden Corsan, Sr. He
devoted considerable time to the subject of nut culture, mentioning his
own experiences in Canada and also the work of Mr. John F. Jones of
Lancaster, Pennsylvania. A few years later Mr. Corsan became associated
with the Bird Sanctuary enterprise, a few miles west of Battle Creek,
and very shortly thereafter was talking nut culture. The result was we
began to order nut trees by the carloads.
With this beginning it was only a year or two when Mr. Corsan told me of
the wonderful experience, as well as the ability, of Professor Neilson
of Toronto in nut culture. As you are doubtless aware Professor Neilson
decided to locate in Michigan and he made a connection with the Michigan
Agricultural College at Lansing. Professor Neilson is present and better
prepared to tell you of the work that has been accomplished thru his
efforts during the last five years. He may also have an opportunity of
showing you the results of some of his work in nut grafting.
Now just a word furthermore with reference to this wonderful town of
Battle Creek which in 1932 celebrated its centennial. With the exception
of Detroit, Chicago and New York, there is probably no city so well
known the world over as Battle Creek, this having been accomplished thru
the advertising of the sanitarium since its establishment in 1865, and
the advertising of ready-to-eat cereal foods for more than forty years,
during which time the magic words "Battle Creek" have appeared on
packages of cereals, in newspapers, magazines and other advertising more
than six billion times. One of the food factories located in Battle
Creek frequently prints, fills and ships more than 1,500,000 packages
per day, or the equivalent of 40 carloads. This same factory gives
employment to more than 2,200 people, none of whom work more than six
hours per day. This six hour plan has been established more than 3-1/2
years and the minimum wage paid per hour to the men is 67 cents.
In conclusion, I must admit that most of my interest in nut culture has
been by proxy. Professor Neilson and Mr. Corsan are both with us today
and no doubt will have an opportunity of showing you some of the
progress that has been made in the vicinity of Wintergreen and Gull
Lakes, the State Agricultural Farm and the Kellogg Ranch.
We assure you it has been a pleasure to have you with us on this
occasion and we should be glad to have your convention meet with us
annually. You have my best wishes for the continued success and
prosperity of the Northern Nut Growers' Association.
* * * * *
_The Vice-President_,
DR. ZIMMERMAN:
It will be rather a difficult task to respond to an address of welcome
of such a notable character as Mr. Kellogg's. However, I want to express
my sincere appreciation for being commissioned to respond to such a
hearty welcome.
I'm glad to be here for several other reasons. First, because this
association represents a number of people who in themselves represent
different lines of action. We have first the men and women who are in
this association from an experimental standpoint. We have also a number
who are here with a commercial planting standpoint. Then we have another
group that represents the growing and selling of nut trees. But, in
addition to that and most important of all, we have another set that
represents the consuming public, notably Mr. Kellogg and his brother.
About their work there need not be a great deal said.
I remember, when I first began to become interested in nut culture, I
wrote to Dr. J. H. Kellogg. I don't remember at the present time where
he said his plantings were, but I wrote to him in connection with
pecans, and he said he had a grove of them planted. He said they were
quite large but they hadn't borne and he believed that they would not
bear in this section because it was so far north. He advised me to get
in communication with Mr. J. H. Jones. That was practically the
information I got from everybody I wrote to, so I went to see Mr. Jones.
Dr. Kellogg has advanced the idea of nuts as food. Not only that but he
has continuously stood for the belief that they are more suitable for
human food than many of the proteins of animal nature. In addition to
that he publishes one of the best health magazines in the country. Dr.
Kellogg is putting out a health magazine that is further advanced than
any other magazine that I know of. It gives me great pleasure to respond
to the address of welcome and I wish to thank Mr. Kellogg on the part of
the association and myself.
Report of the Secretary for 1934
The present secretary assumed office in September 1933 without the
benefit of previous membership in the association and knowledge of its
affairs. Considerable time has been spent in getting acquainted with
these affairs. President Frey, Mr. Reed, and Dr. Deming have been
especially helpful in orienting the secretary and assisting in answering
correspondence. The late Mr. Russell, and his successor, Mr. Walker,
have handled all matters referred to them in a prompt and efficient
manner. Much credit is due to Mrs. Russell for the efficient manner in
which she attended to the treasurer's duties during Mr. Russell's
illness.
One of the chief duties of the secretary is the answering of
correspondence pertaining to association affairs and inquiries regarding
nut culture. A total of 175 letters were written for the association.
Fifty-three were to the officers and Mr. Reed regarding association
affairs, while 122 concerned nut cultural problems and memberships. A
number of letters were referred to Mr. Reed and a few to Prof.
MacDaniels for reply. In addition to the correspondence addressed to the
association regarding nuts, an equal or larger number of inquiries
concerning nuts addressed to the station were also answered. A list of
names of people interested in nuts, but not members of the association,
is being accumulated from this correspondence.
The circular describing the association and its work was reprinted and a
list of nut nurseries and tree seedsmen prepared by Mr. Reed was
mimeographed. These were enclosed in all association and station letters
sent to non-members in answer to nut inquiries. Their effect in bringing
in new members and their influence on the sale of nut trees is of course
unknown. Dr. MacDaniels and Dr. Colby also used these circulars in
correspondence.
A list of available publications on nut culture has also been prepared
and will be mimeographed shortly.
A campaign to sell many of the surplus reports of the association was
planned, but owing to unforeseen obstacles the reports were not
available and the plans for selling them were shelved until after this
meeting. If the reports are soon assembled at Geneva it is planned to
circularize agricultural and horticultural libraries and attempt to
place complete or nearly complete sets in as many as possible.
Attractive prices will be made on sets of those reports of which we have
an oversupply.
A mimeographed list of cions available from the Bixby collection was
prepared at Mr. Reed's suggestion and sent to all members and other
interested persons. Mrs. Bixby received as many copies as she needed.
Mr. J. T. Bregger, editor of the American Fruit Grower, has cooperated
with the secretary in publishing notes pertaining to association
activities. He is desirous of publishing articles on nut culture. It is
to be hoped that contributions may be received from members interested
in various phases of nut growing. Other publications are eager for
articles on all phases of horticulture. If nut culture is to receive its
due publicity more than a few must take their pens in hand.
It is with great regret and sadness that the death on April 27, 1934, of
our treasurer, Newton H. Russell, is recorded. His enthusiasm, interest
and kindly personality will be greatly missed. He was very active in
promoting nut culture in Massachusetts. We have lost a valuable member.
The discontinuance of the National Nut News leaves us without an
official organ. This is a serious handicap to our work. The stimulation
of interest provided by the regular arrival of a publication containing
the latest news and newest developments in our field, is a valuable aid
in nut culture and association activities. The provision of such a
medium is one of our most pressing problems.
Our membership is at a low point and should be doubled. The secretary is
desirous of cooperating with the membership committee in a campaign to
increase the membership. With our dues at their present low figure it
should not be difficult to interest many in the association. Such a
campaign should follow several lines.
First: Every member should attempt to secure additional members.
Second: Many who dropped out when dues were high should be invited to
return.
Third: Attempts should be made to contact certain groups. All of the
northern experiment stations and agricultural colleges should have a
member of their horticultural department in the association. Groups such
as doctors, lawyers, nurserymen, farmers and others should be informed
of the association and what it offers to each.
Fourth: The agricultural college and experiment station libraries should
be induced to take out memberships and bring their sets of reports up to
date.
Such a campaign is more than one person can handle, and several should
participate in it.
Treasurer's Report
Year Ending August 31, 1934
RECEIPTS
Annual Memberships $266.75
Contributing Memberships 10.00
Sale of Reports 29.00
Sale of Bulletins 2.25
For Subscriptions to National Nut News 8.00
_______
Total $316.00 $316.00
DISBURSEMENTS
Reprints, K. W. Greene (for Mr. Bixby) $ 21.10
Printing 1931 Report, Balance, American Fruits Pub. Co. 50.00
Subscriptions, National Nut News 18.00
Printing 1932 Report, Lightner Pub. Corp. 200.00
Expenses Downingtown Convention, J. W. Hershey 13.82
Membership Dues, American Horticultural Society 2.00
Expense Handling Surplus Reports, C. A. Reed 9.69
Advertising, Lightner Pub. Corp. 4.00
Printing 1933 Report, Lightner Pub. Corp. 125.32
Release Expense of Account with Litchfield Savings Society 1.68
Loss on Check 2.00
Postage, F. H. Frey 12.10
Postage and Miscl. Expense for 1933 Report, F. H. Frey 19.92
Mimeographing, G. L. Slate 2.25
Printing, Postage and Supplies, C. F. Walker 12.45
Check Charges & Taxes .68
_______
Total $495.01 $495.01
Excess of Disbursements over Receipts $179.01
CASH ACCOUNT
Cash on hand or in bank as reported as of Aug. 31, 1933 $306.01
Account in Litchfield Savings Society as of Aug. 31, 1933 15.94
_______
Total cash on hand or in bank as of Aug. 31, 1933 $321.95 $321.95
Excess of Disbursements over Receipts 179.01
_______
Balance, Cash in bank, August 31, 1934 $142.94
Accounts, Due or Payable None
_Press and Publication Committee_
DR. DEMING:
We have had one or two articles in each issue of the National
Horticultural Magazine, published by the American Horticultural Society
in Washington. The editor has promised to have in each issue of his
magazine something relating to nuts. He is particularly anxious to get
short articles with a single illustration, articles about a page long
which will attract attention, be easy to read and stimulate interest in
nuts. I would be glad to receive articles of that nature for submission
to the editor.
It is unfortunate that we no longer have an official journal, the
National Nut News having gone out of existence. We have an opportunity
to make the American Fruit Grower, with which we have been acquainted a
good many years, our official journal, and that will come up in the
course of this meeting.
_Membership Committee_
MR. WALKER:
From our increase in membership--forty new members--and from their
addresses, one is able to judge of the work of Prof. Neilson, he being
very active in obtaining new members. There are others of our members
who also have been active and to whom credit is due for the increase in
membership.
An analysis of the membership of the past six years indicates that we
are on the increase again. We have retained over 90% of those who were
members last year. I feel as though we need not try to get everybody in
the world to plant nut trees. But there is no reason why we should not
greatly increase our membership.
_Program Committee_
PROF. NEILSON:
At nine o'clock tomorrow morning busses will be at the hotel to take us
to the Kellogg plant. About 10:30 we will proceed to the sanitarium. We
will try and meet at the Kellogg Hotel at 12:00 P.M. where we are to be
the guest of Mr. W. K. Kellogg for luncheon. After lunch, at one
o'clock, we will board the busses and proceed to the Kellogg farm. At
the farm we will look over the buildings for a few minutes, call at the
Kellogg School, and then stop for a few moments and look over our
bittersweet plantation. Then we will go on to the Kellogg Bird Sanctuary
and see what is being done there in conserving wild fowl.
After we leave the sanctuary we will visit a block of about fifteen
acres of hickory trees, where I have been doing top working experiments
for the last three or four years. Then we will inspect our variety
plantation of nut trees and proceed to Mr. Kellogg's estate. At 5:30 the
Kellogg Company will provide motor boats to take us for a cruise on Gull
Lake. At 6:30 we will have our dinner at Bunbury Inn on Gull Lake and
then have a few addresses and a business session.
_Report of Committee on Hybrids and Promising Seedlings_
DR. ZIMMERMAN:
One or two interesting seedlings have come to our attention during the
past year. One a hickory nut that was drawn to the attention of the
Pennsylvania Nut Growers' Association January last. It is a rather good
nut and bears very well. I think Mr. Hershey has some of the trees for
sale.
The other, a very interesting shellbark, came to my attention. The nut
is large, the best cracker for a shellbark that I have seen, the tree
itself is beautiful and, although the party who owns it says it bears
every other year, it seems to me to produce a good many nuts every year
that I have seen it.
Another, probably worthless, but interesting, seems to me to be an
English walnut x butternut hybrid. The party insists she planted walnuts
from a typical English walnut tree, but the trees from these nuts, of
which there are a number bearing small nuts, certainly have the earmarks
of the butternut. These plants will be kept under observation and a
later report given concerning them.
We have a number of first generation hybrids, but so far as I am aware
we have no second or following generation hybrids in the nut line. It
seems to me that if we plant a lot of the nuts from these first
generation hybrids and, when the plants are large enough, distribute
them to parties who will give them space and care for them until they
come into bearing, somebody sooner or later will get hold of some
valuable material. Work along this line I expect to advance through our
committee as rapidly as practical. It seems to me that the seedlings of
our first generation hybrids should not be destroyed as has frequently
been done in the past.
PROF. NEILSON:
I have seen quite a few hybrids between the heartnut and the butternut.
I believe the Mitchel is about the best.
DR. MACDANIELS:
We found that the tree had stood the winter very well and that it was
bearing a good crop. We brought along a few samples labeled the Mitchel
hybrid heartnut. It looked to me to be a promising nut.
PROF. NEILSON:
Mr. Mitchel thought it was a worthless butternut. I told Mr. Mitchel
that I thought it was well worth saving and I hope that one of these
days we shall succeed in propagating it.
THE PRESIDENT:
Mr. Stokes, in Virginia, has located some black walnuts that will be
excellent. Mr. Hershey's name and work have been mentioned. He writes me
that the territory of the Tennessee Valley is a wonderful lay-out and he
is putting on a contest for different kinds of nuts. He may have some
desirable nuts to present later on.
MR. SLATE:
If Mr. Reed is not planning to discuss those Jones hybrids in his paper
I wish he, or someone else who is acquainted with them, would make some
remarks to be placed on record.
MR. REED:
We think that the two most promising of the Jones hybrids are numbers 92
and 200. Those were Mr. Jones' own numbers. About three years ago we
began making an intensive study of them. Ninety-two seemed to bear
better and be a little more promising than 200, and so it was named
first. It was named Buchanan in honor of the only president of the
United States who came from Pennsylvania. Last year number 200 showed up
so favorably that it seemed well to name that one also, so just about a
year ago the name of Bixby was suggested and it met with universal
approval. That, I think, is all that I have to say about the hybrids. We
are watching them very closely.
From here east we had a very severe winter last year. Apple orchards
very, very old were killed all through the east and with them thousands
and thousands of English walnut trees. In Washington we have practically
no crop of filberts and our English walnuts were affected generally.
We have yet to find a single hybrid between black walnut and English
walnut which appears to be promising. There is a record, but I think we
should have brought to our attention from time to time what was known as
the James River hybrid. It was an enormous black walnut tree that grew
on the James River near Jamestown. It was visited in 1928 by Mr. Karl
Greene and Mr. Hershey. Mr. Greene said that the tree measured thirteen
feet in circumference. You don't often see trees as large as that in any
part of the country. That is in a part of the country where the English
walnut has not done well. The tree must have been somewhere around 200
years old when it died. It was probably grown from a hybrid between an
English walnut and a black walnut. Our American colonists brought the
English walnut with them about the same time they brought our first
apples and peaches and plums and everything else. This tree throws some
light on the question as to when the first English walnut first came to
this country.
A week ago yesterday I was riding along a country road down in Maryland.
I saw a row of trees. One tree in the middle of that row was as big as
any other three there. I slowed up and looked at them more closely. The
large tree was a hybrid and the others were not.
_Committee on Exhibits_:
On the tables Prof. Neilson has a number of plates of the northern pecan
at its best. Besides that he has two remarkable specimens of hybrid
hickories. One is a McCallister, and the other is of unknown origin.
There are also on the tables other remarkable nuts grown in this part of
the United States, in Ontario and in British Columbia. There are
chestnuts, English walnuts, Japanese heartnuts and others.
MR. REED:
You will recall that one year ago I was made custodian of the back
records of the association. Within two weeks of the time of last year's
meeting I personally procured the reports which were stacked away in Mr.
Bixby's barn, and took them to Washington. A little later Dr. Deming and
the late Mr. Russell made a trip to Redding, Connecticut, and sent me
500 pounds of back reports. Still later Mr. Karl Greene brought to me
about another 500 pounds of reports. I had then about 1900 pounds. We
put them in the basement of the building where our office was and then
we began to move around. It began to cost something to move them.
I communicated with Mr. Slate and found that there was abundant space at
Geneva, and the authorities were willing that they should be housed
there. So I had the reports tied up and arranged with a truck man to
move them to Geneva. I made the arrangements with a man who agreed to
move them for $25. Then he backed out. I didn't feel like incurring a
greater expense by sending them by railroad, so I waited until last week
and took a bundle from each year in my own car. They are in the
secretary's care at Geneva at the present time. The rest of the reports
will presently be stored in Mr. Littlepage's packing shed out in his
apple orchard. There are still a few reports in the Bixby's barn and Dr.
Deming can tell how many more he has.
THE PRESIDENT:
Each current report will be sold at $1.00 per copy and old reports at
50c a copy. If someone wanted an entire set we would sell all eighteen
or nineteen numbers now for $6.00.
The American Fruit Grower, published in Cleveland, Ohio, has agreed to
have the magazine appear as the official journal of the Northern Nut
Growers' Association.
MR. J. T. BREGGER:
We will deem it a privilege, and I'm sure an obligation, to take on this
responsibility of acting as official journal of your society and give to
you at least a column each month. We are already acting as official
organ of other horticultural societies and it seems to work out very
well. In addition to the column that your secretary would have each
month you could run further articles on nut growing, which would be of
additional interest to your members. You would have some 150,000 of our
readers who are interested in fruit growing, and who would be interested
in nut growing, as possible new members for your organization. They
would receive your announcements and articles each month and you could
get in touch with them, through that column, for additional membership.
MR. WALKER:
I move that the American Fruit Grower be made the official organ of the
Northern Nut Growers' Association, that the secretary be the official
correspondent with the American Fruit Grower, that the subscription
price be paid by the treasurer direct to the American Fruit Grower, that
the present membership fee remain the same, two dollars, to all members,
with the privilege of receiving the American Fruit Grower. The motion
was seconded by Prof. Neilson.
THE PRESIDENT:
Mr. Ellis has offered to donate $10.00 this year, if it is necessary, to
apply on subscriptions for the membership. I don't know that we will
have to call on him for this but it is certainly a display of fine
spirit.
DR. DEMING:
I want to express my great satisfaction that the American Fruit Grower
has offered to act as our official organ on such advantageous terms.
Fourteen years ago, before Mr. Bregger's career as an editor began, I
edited a nut column in the Fruit Grower. The motion was carried.
The following named were elected as committee to nominate officers for
next year: Dr. Deming, Colonel Mitchell, Professor Neilson, Mr. Weber,
and Dr. Colby.
Resolutions Committee: Professor Slate, Mr. C. A. Reed, and Dr. Colby.
Motion was duly made, seconded and carried that; honorary membership in
this association may be conferred upon any person by a majority vote of
members present at any business session or by letter ballot of members
in good standing and honorary membership should be conferred only on
individuals who have rendered outstanding or meritorious service in
connection with the promotion of interest in nut bearing plants, their
products and their culture.
Mr. W. K. Kellogg and Dr. John H. Kellogg were nominated for honorary
members of the Association and unanimously elected.
The Dietetic Importance of Nuts
_By_ DR. JOHN HARVEY KELLOGG, _Michigan_
Nuts, which supply the finest edible fats and proteins which science has
discovered, occupy the smallest place in the nation's food budget of any
of our substantial native foods. This is a remarkable situation well
worthy of consideration in view of the fact that, according to Prof.
Elliot of Oxford University and the eminent Prof. Ami of Montreal, and
many other paleontologists, nuts were the chief diet of the earliest
representatives of the race who appeared in the Eocene period of
geologic time. At that time, according to Prof. Elliot, the regions
inhabited by man bore great forests of walnut, hickory, and other nut
trees, the fossil relics of which are found in great abundance in
association with the remains of prehistoric man. It is significant,
also, that man's nearest relatives, the gorilla, orangutan, and
chimpanzee still stick to the original bill of fare. I once made an ape
so angry by offering him a bit of meat that he threatened to attack me
and finally, as I persisted in offering him the meat, seized it and
flung it as far away as possible, then scrubbed his soiled hand with
dust and wiped it on the grass to get rid of the taint of the meat. He
gave every evidence of feeling deeply insulted. Biology classifies man
as a primate along with the great apes and, according to the great
Cuvier, assigns to him along with other primates, a diet consisting of
nuts, fruits, soft grains, tender shoots and succulent roots.
The great ice sheet which crept down over the greater part of the
northern hemisphere during the glacial period destroyed the nut forests.
The greater part of the primate family, including man, moved South and
survive today in Central Africa, where, along with their furry cousins,
the gorilla and the chimpanzee, they still adhere to a dietary almost
wholly of plant foods. Those who remained behind were compelled to
resort to a flesh diet to avoid starvation. Flesh eating naturally led
to cannibalism, and the historians tell us that only a few thousand
years ago, the survivors of the glacial terrors who roamed the British
Isles, from which the ancestors of most Americans emigrated, roamed the
forests clad in the skins of animals and feasted upon their enemies.
When the grain-eating Romans conquered and civilized our barbarian
ancestors and taught them agriculture, plant foods again became the
chief sources of nutriment, but a meat appetite had been developed and
is still characteristic of the Anglo-Saxon race, while most of the rest
of the world are almost exclusively plant feeders. Four hundred millions
of Chinese eat so little meat that it is, in the case of south China,
not even mentioned in the national food budget. Sixty millions of
Japanese eat an average of 4 pounds per capita. Two hundred millions of
East Indians never taste meat. As a matter of fact, only Americans,
English, Germans and Scandinavians are large meat eaters.
Evidently, the American meat appetite as well as the American sugar
tooth is enormously exaggerated. It is somewhat encouraging, however, to
note that the eating habits of the American people are changing. Within
a generation, and especially since the World War, there has been a
notable change in the national bill of fare.
More cereals are consumed than formerly, but the greatest per capita
increase is shown in the consumption of fruits and vegetables, and
especially greenstuffs, such as lettuce, spinach, kale, and other
greens. This increase in the use of certain foods is not due to the fact
that the American appetite is increasing or the American stomach
enlarging, but to the spread among the people of scientific information
concerning nutrition.
Through experiments upon rats and various other animals, including man
himself, fundamental principles have been discovered and a real science
of nutrition has been developed, the axioms, formulae, and basic ideas
of which are as clearly established as are those of geometry and
chemistry. We are no longer left to be led astray by guess-work or fancy
in supplying our nutritive needs, and have verified the truth so aptly
expressed by that shrewd old Roman philosopher, Seneca, who said, "There
is nothing against which we ought to be more on our guard than, like a
flock of sheep, following the crowd of those who preceded us."
This change in the eating habits of the American people has been brought
about by disillusionment respecting the importance of meats. Fifty years
ago, every physiologist taught that the liberal consumption of meat was
essential. This idea was based, first, upon the supposition that
protein, the chief constituent of lean meat, is the most important
source of energy; and, second, the belief that food of animal origin is
better adapted to human sustenance than plant foods, through having
undergone a process of refinement and concentration in the
transformation from plant to animal. Modern studies of nutrition have
shown that both these ideas are without scientific basis.
Unfortunately for the nut-growing industry, and still more unfortunately
for the American people, the claims of nuts to consideration in this
re-adjustment of the bill of fare have been generally overlooked, and it
seems evident that the only hope for the nut industry lies in the
creation of a larger demand for these nutrients from the plant world by
acquainting the public with their superlative merits. Of course, room
must be made for the increased intake of nuts by lessened consumption of
something which nuts may advantageously replace in the bill of fare.
Most nuts consist almost exclusively of proteins and fat. Proteins and
fats likewise are almost the sole constituents of meat. Nuts are thus
the vegetable analogues of meat and are competitors for a place on the
bill of fare.
Physiologists are agreed that the American people are eating too much
meat, and it is the general spread of this conviction that has lessened
the consumption of flesh foods in this country and has crippled the
packing industry.