CHAPTER XI.

THE INADEQUACY OF THE GRAVITATION THEORY PROVED BY ANOTHER

METHOD.

Quantity of Heat which can be conveyed by the General Oceanic

Circulation trifling.—Tendency in the Advocates of the

Gravitation Theory to under-estimate the Volume of the

Gulf-stream.—Volume of the Stream as determined by the

_Challenger_.—Immense Volume of Warm Water discovered by

Captain Nares.—Condition of North Atlantic inconsistent with

the Gravitation Theory.—Dr. Carpenter’s Estimate of the

Thermal Work of the Gulf-stream 191

Climate and Time in Their Geological Relations A Theory of Secular Changes of the Earth's Climate · 第 11 / 41 章