EXAMINATION OF THE GRAVITATION THEORY OF OCEANIC
CIRCULATION.—THE MECHANICS OF DR. CARPENTER’S THEORY.
Experimental Illustration of the Theory.—The Force exerted by
Gravity.—Work performed by Gravity.—Circulation not by
Convection.—Circulation depends on Difference in Density
of the Equatorial and Polar Columns.—Absolute Amount of
Work which can be performed by Gravity.—How Underflow is
produced.—How Vertical Descent at the Poles and Ascent at
the Equator is produced.—The Gibraltar Current.—Mistake in
Mechanics concerning it.—The Baltic Current 145