Roughly speaking there are four different kinds of engraving, of which any
variations and combinations can be made. The first and most natural is to
cut white lines on black, and in many cases the subject will be
sufficiently expressed without further work; Fig. 16 is cut in this way.
Fig. 17 shows the background tinted or shaded, that is, lines cut one
under the other. Fig. 18 is the black letter cleared (scauped) away
leaving it white, while Fig. 19 shows all wood cleared away except
outlines. Bold simple lettering is an excellent subject to begin with. See
that the corners are joined cleanly: little jagged bits left in look
slovenly and print in a dirty manner.
[Fig. 18]