Abu Sa’id b. Abi ’l-Khayr, 391, 394
Abu Salama, 257
Abu Salih Mansur b. Ishaq (Samanid), 265
Abu ’l-Salt b. Abi Rabi’a, 69
Abu Shaduf, 450
Abu Shamir the Younger, 50
Abu Shamir, _kunya_ of -Harith b. ’Amr Muharriq, 50
Abu Shuja’ Buwayh, 266
Abu Sufyan, 124, 175, 195
Abu Sulayman al-Darani, 384, 386, 388
Abu Sulayman Muhammad b. Ma‘shar al-Bayusti, 370
Abu Talib, uncle of the Prophet, 146, 148, 154, 157, 183, 250
Abu Talib al-Makki, 338, 393
Abu Tammam, author of the _Hamasa_, 79, _129-130_, 288, 316, 324, 331.
See _-Hamasa_
Abu ’Ubayda (philologist), 94, 242, 261, 280, 343, _344_, _345_, 459
Abu ‘Ubayda b. al-Jarrah, 51
Abu ’l-Walid al-Baji, 428
Abu Yazid al-Bistami, 391.
See _Bayazid of Bistam_
Abu Yusuf, the Cadi, 283
Abu Zayd of Saruj, 330, 331, 332, 335
Abu Zayd Muhammad al-Qurashi, 130
Abusir, 326
Abyssinia, 53, 155, 156
Abyssinians, the, xxi;
in -Yemen, 5, 6, 26-29;
invade the Hijaz, 66-68
Academy of Junde-shapur, the, 358
Academy of Sabur, the, 267, 314
‘Ad (people), +1+, +2+, 3
_adab_, 283, 346
_Adabu ’l-Katib_, 346
Adam, xxvi, 62, 63, 244, 398
‘Adana (river), 15
‘Adawi dervishes, the, 393
Adharbayjan, 17
‘Adi (tribe), 233
‘Adi b. ‘Amr, 94
‘Adi al-Hakkari, 393
‘Adi b. Marina, 244
‘Adi b. Nasr, 35
‘Adi b. Zayd, 40, +45-48+, 49, +138+, 244
‘Adiya, 85
Adler, 316
‘Adnán, xviii, xix, xx, 64
‘Adudu ’l-Dawla (Buwayhid), 266, 307
Ælius Gallus, 9
Æthiopic language, the, xvi, xxi
Afghanistan, 268, 275
Africa, xv, xvi
Africa, North, 53, 203, 253, 271, 274, 405, 419, 423, 424, 429, 430,
434, 437, 439, 442, 443, 468
Afshin, 375
-Afwah al-Awdi (poet), 83
_-Aghani._ See _Kitabu ’l-Agfhani_
Aghlabid dynasty, the, 264, 274, 441
Aghmat, 424
-Ahlaf, at -Hira, 38
Ahlu ’l-Kitab, 341
Ahlu ’l-Taswiya, 280.
See _Shu‘ubites, the_
Ahlu ’l-tawhid wa-’l-‘adl, a name given to the Mu‘tazilites, 224
Ahlwardt, W., 76, 101, 125, 128,133, 136, 286, 293, 294, 304, 349, 454
Ahmad (Buwayhid), 266
Ahmad, brother of Ghazali, 339
Ahmad, father of Ibn Hazm, 426
Ahmad b. Hanbal, 284, 369, 376, 402
Ahmad al-Nahhas, 102
Ahmad b. Tulun, 354
Ahmar of Thamud, 3
Ahnum, 19
Ahqafu ’l-Raml (desert), 1
_Ahsanu ’l-Taqasim fi ma‘rifati ’l-Aqalim_, 357
_ahwal_, mystical term, 231, 391
-Ahwas (poet), 237
-Ahwaz, 271, 293
A‘isha, 151, 183
_‘Aja ’ibu ’l-Maqdur_, 454
-‘Ajam (the non-Arabs), 277.
See _-Mawali_
-‘Ajjaj (poet), 138
_-Ajurrumiyya_, 456
Akbar (Mogul Emperor), xxx
_Akhbaru ’l-Zaman_, 353
-Akhtal (poet), 221, 238, +239-242+, 285
_akhu ’l-safa_, 370
Akilu ’l-Murar (surname), 42
-A‘lam (philologist), 128
Alamut, 445
‘Ala’u ’l-Din Muhammad Khwarizmshah, 444
Albategnius, 361
Albucasis, 420
Albumaser, 361
Alchemists, the, 361, 387
Alchemy, works on, translated into Arabic, 358
Aleppo, 269, 270, 275, 291, 303, 305, 313, 360, 415, 446, 451, 460,
461
Alexander the Great, 17, 276, 358, 457
Alexandria, 340
Alexandrian Library, the, 435
_Alf Layla wa-Layla_, 456, 459.
See _Thousand Nights and a Night_ and _Arabian Nights_
_-Alfiyya_, 456
Alfraganus, 361
Algeria, 430
Algiers, 468
Alhambra, the, 435
‘Ali (Buwayhid), 266
‘Ali, grandson of ‘Umar Ibnu ’l-Farid, 394
‘Ali b. Abi Talib, the Prophet's son-in-law, xxvii, xxviii, 105, 153,
181, 183, +190-193+, 194, 196, 205, 207-211, +213-218+, 220-222,
243, 249, 250, 251, 264, 267, 273, 274, 342, 343, 349, 377, 432, 442
‘Ali b. Abi Talib, public cursing of, 205
‘Ali b. -Mansur, Shaykh, 319
‘Ali b. Musa b. Ja‘far al-Rida, 262, 385
‘Alids, the, 258, 259, 337.
See _‘Ali b. Abi Talib_ and _Shi‘ites, the_
Allah, 62, 134, 135, 164, 231, 392
Allah, the Muhammadan conception of, 225, 231
Almaqa, 18
Almeria, 421
Almohades, the, 217, 429, +431-434+
Almoravides, the, 423, 429-431
Alp Arslan (Seljuq), 275, 276, 340, 379
Alphabet, the South Arabic, 6, 8, 12
Alphonso VI of Castile, 422, 423, 431
‘Alqama b. ‘Abada (poet), 121, +125+, 128
‘Alqama b. Dhi Jadan (poet), 12
Alvaro, Bishop of Cordova, 414
Amaj, 22
-Amali, 420.
See _Kitabu ’l-Amali_
-Amaliq (Amalekites), 2, +3+, 63
‘Amidu ’l-Mulk al-Kunduri, 379
-Amin, the Caliph, 255, +262+, 293, 343
Amina, mother of the Prophet, 146
‘Amir b. Sa‘sa‘a (tribe), 119
‘Amir b. Uhaymir, 87
Amiru ’l-Mu‘minin (Commander of the Faithful), 185
Amiru ’l-Umara (title), 264
‘Amr, the Tubba‘ 25, 26
‘Amr b. ‘Adi b. Nasr, 35, 36, 37, 40
‘Amr b. Amir (tribe), 94
‘Amr b. ‘Amir Ma’ al-Sama al-Muzayqiya, 15, 16, 49
‘Amr b. -‘As, 192
‘Amr b. -Harith (Ghassanid), 50, 54, 122
‘Amr b. Hind (Lakhmite), 44, 107, 108, 109, 112
‘Amr b. Kulthum (poet), 44, 82, 102, +109-113+, 128, 269
‘Amr b. Luhayy, 63, 64
‘Amr b. Ma‘dikarib, 82
‘Amr b. Mas‘ud, 43
‘Amr b. ‘Ubayd, 223, 374
‘Amr b. Zarib, 35
Amul, 350
Anas, 88
_‘anatira_, 459
‘Anaza (tribe), xix
-Anbar, 38
-Anbari (philologist), 128
-Anbat, xxv.
See _Nabatæans, the_
Ancient Sciences, the, 282
-Andarin, 111
Angels, the Recording, 161
Angora, 104
-Ansar (the Helpers), 171, 241
_‘Antar, the Romance of_, 34, 459
‘Antara (poet), 76, 109, +114-116+, 128, 459
_‘antari_, 459
Anthologies of Arabic poetry, 128-130, 289, 325, 343, 347, 348, 417
Anthropomorphism, 369, 376, 379, 432
Antioch, 43
Anushirwan (Sasanian king). See _Nushirwan_
Anushirwan b. Khalid, 329
Aphrodite, 43
_-‘Aqida_, by ‘Izzu ’l-Din b. ‘Abd al-Salam, 461
‘Aqil, 35
Arab horses, the training of, 226
Arab singers in the first century A.H., 236
_a‘rabi_ (Bedouin), 210
Arabia, in the ‘Abbasid period, 276
Arabia Felix, xvii, 4.
See _-Yemen_
Arabian History, three periods of, xxvi
_Arabian Nights, the_, 238, 256, 261, 292, 421, +456-459+
Arabic language, the, xvi, xvii, xxi-xxv, 6, 77, 201, 203, 239, 265,
277-280, 336, 342, 344
Arabic literature, largely the work of non-Arabs, xxx, xxxi, 276-278
Arabic Press, the, 469
Arabic writing, 201;
oldest specimens of, xxi, xxii
Arabs, the Ishmaelite, xviii
Arabs of Khurasan, the, thoroughly Persianised, 250
Arabs, the Northern. See _Arabs, the Ishmaelite_
Arabs, the Northern and Southern, racial enmity between, xx, 199, 200,
252, 405, 406
Arabs, the Southern, xvii, xviii, xx, 4.
See _Arabs, the Yemenite_
Arabs, the Yemenite, xvii, xviii, xx, 38, 55, 199, 252, 405, 406.
See _Sabæans, the_;
_Himyarites, the_
Arabs, the Yoqtanid, xviii.
See _Arabs, the Yemenite_
Aramæans, the, xv, xxv
Aramaic language, the, xvi, xxv, 279, 375
-Araqim, 113, 114
Arbela, 451
Ardashir Babakan, founder of the Sasanian dynasty, 34, 38
Ἀρέθας τοῦ Γαβάλα, 51
Arhakim, 11
_‘arif_ (gnostic), 386
‘Arifu ’l-Zanadiqa, 373
Aristocracy of Islam, the, 188, 190
Aristotle, 358, 359, 360
-‘Arji (poet), 237
Armenia, xv, 352
Arnaud, Th., 9, 15, 17
Arnold. F. A., 105, 107, 109, 111, 113, 114
Arnold, T. W., 184, 223, 224, 360, 448
Arsacids, the, 21, 38
Aryat, 27, 28
-‘Asa (name of a mare), 36
_‘asabiyya_, 440
Asad (tribe), xix, 104
Asad Kamil, the Tubba‘, 12, +19-23+, 25, 26, 137
Asad b. Musa, 247
Asal, 433
_asalib_, 289, 315
Ascalon, 456
Ascension of the Prophet, the, 169, 403
Asd (tribe), 19
-A‘sha (poet), 16, 101, 121, +123-125+, 128, 138, 139
-Ash‘ari (Abu ’l-Hasan), 284, +376-379+, 431
Ash‘arites, the, 379, 380, 460
_Ash‘aru ’l-Hudhaliyyin_, 128
-Ashram (surname of Abraha), 28
Asia, xv, 275, 352, 414
Asia, Central, 255
Asia Minor, 269, 399, 434, 446
Asia, Western, xvi, xxix, 358, 442, 444, 446
Asin Palacios, 404
_aslama_, 153
-Asma‘i (philologist), 261, 343, 344, +345+, 459
Assassins, the, 272, 371, 372, 381, 445
Assyrian language, the, xvi
Assyrians, the, xv
Astrologers and Astronomers, 361
Astronomy, 276, 283
Aswad b. -Mundhir, 47
_-Athar al-Baqiya_, 361
_Atharu ’l-Bilad_, 416
Athens, 240, 358
‘Athtar, ‘Athtor (Sabæan divinity), 11, 18
_Atlal_, 286
‘Attar (Persian mystic). See _Faridu’ddin ‘Attar_
‘Atwada, 28
Aurelian, 34
Aurora, 412
Avempace. See _Ibn Bajja_
Avenzoar, 434
Averroes. See _Ibn Rushd_
Avicenna. See _Ibn Sina_
_awa’il_ (origins), 247
_‘Awarifu ’l-Ma‘arif_, 230, 338
-‘Awfi, 370
_awliya_ (saints), 393
Awrangzib (Mogul Emperor), xxx
Aws (tribe), 170
Aws b. Hajar (poet), 131
Awwam Dhú ‘Iran Alu, 11
_a‘yan thabita_, 402
_ayat_ (verse of the Koran, sign, miracle), 166
Ayatu ’l-Kursi (the Throne-verse), 176
Aybak, 447
-Ayham b. -Harith (Ghassanid), 50
‘Ayn Jalut, battle of, 446
‘Ayn Ubagh, battle of, 52
_ayyamu ’l-‘Arab_, 55, 356
Ayyubid dynasty, the, 275, 447, 453
Azd (tribe), 79, 374
-Azhar, the mosque, 395
Azraqites (-Azariqa), the, 208, 239
B
Baalbec, 111
Bab al-Mandab, 5
Babak, 258, 375
Babur (Mogul Emperor), xxix, 444
Babylon, xxv, 38
Babylonia, 34, 38, 138, 253, 255, 307.
See _-‘Iraq_
Babylonian and Assyrian inscriptions, the, xvi, xxv
Babylonians, the, xv
Badajoz, 421, 423
Badis, 428
Badi‘u ’l-Zaman ai-Hamadhání, 328, 329, 331
Badr, battle of, 158, 174, 175
Badr, freedman of ‘Abdu ’l-Rahman the Umayyad, 405, 406
-Baghawi, 337
Baghdad, xxviii, xxix, 131, 182, 254, +255-256+, 290-293, 303, 307,
313, +314+, 315, 326, 338, 340, 345, 346, 347, 350, 351, 352, 355,
357, 359, 362, 365, 369, 376, 380, 382, 385, 387, 392, 399, 412,
415, 418, 431, 441, +444-446+, 447, 449, 450, 458, 461, 465, 466
Baghdad, history of its eminent men, by -Khatib, 355
Baha’u ’l-Dawia (Buwayhid), 267, 314
Bahdala (tribe), 87
Bahira, the monk, 148
Bahman (Sasanian), 457
Bahram Gor (Sasanian), 40, 41
-Bahrayn (province), 107, 108, 186
Bahri Mamelukes, the, 447
Baju, 445
-Bakharzi, 348
Bakil (tribe), 12
Bakr (tribe), xix, 55-60, 61, 69, 70, 76, 93, 107, 109, 113, 114, 242
-Bakri (geographer), 357, 428
Balaam, 73
-Baladhuri (historian), 280, 349
_-balagh al-akbar_, 371
Balak, 73
-Bal‘ami, 265, 352
Balaq (mountain), 17
Balkh, 232, 233, 259, 361, 385
-Balqa, 63
_Banat Su‘ad_, the opening words of an ode, 119, 127, 327
Banu ’l-Ahrar, 29
Banu Hind, 58
Banu Khaldun, 437
Banu Musa, 359
Banu Nahshal, 243
Baptists, name given to the early Moslems, 149
_baqa_, mystical term, 390
Baqqa, 36
-Baramika, 259.
See _Barmecides, the_
Barbier de Meynard, 13, 15, 37, 195, 259, 350, 352, 353, 380, 457
Bardesanes, 364
Barmak, 259
Barmakites, the. See _Barmecides, the_
Barmecides, the, 255, +259-261+, 262, 293
Barquq, Sultan (Mameluke), 452
Bashama, 119
Bashshar b. Burd, 245, 277, 290, +373-374+, 375
_-basit_ (metre), 75
-Basra, xxiv, 127, 133, 134, 186, +189+, 195, 202, 209, 210, 215, 222,
223, 225, 226, 233, 242, 243, 246, 273, 281, 293, 294, 329, 331,
336, 341, 342, +343+, 345, 346, 369, 370, 374, 377, 378
Basset, R., 327
-Basus, 56
-Basus, the War of, +55-60+, 61, 76, 107, 114
-Batiniyya (Batinites), 381, 382, 402.
See _Isma‘ilis, the_
-Battani, 361
_-bayan_, 283
_-Bayan al-Mughrib_, 407
Bayard, 191
Bayazid of Bistam, 391, 460.
See _Abu Yazid al-Bistami_
Baybars, Sultan (Mameluke), 447, 448
-Baydawi, 145, 179
_bayt_ (verse), 74, 77
Baytu ’l-Hikma, at Baghdad, 359
-Bazbaz, 60
Bedouin view of life, the, 136
Bedouin warfare, character of, 54, 55
Bedouin women, Mutanabbi's descriptions of, 310
Benu Marthadim, 11
Berber insurrection in Africa, 405
Berbers, the, 204, 274, 405-409, 413, 420, 423, 424, 429-432, 442, 443
Berbers, used as mercenaries, 407
Berlin Royal Library, 8, 12
Bevan, Prof. A. A., 46, 80, 129, 151, 166, 168, 199, 205, 239, 244,
253, 356, 373, 374, 375
Beyrout, 238, 469
_Bibliographical Dictionary_, by Hajji Khalifa, 456
_Bibliotheca Geographorum Arabicorum_, 356
_Bidpai, the Fables of_, 330, 346
Bilqis, 18
-Bimaristan al-‘Adudi, 266
Biographies of poets, 346, 347, 348
Birnam Wood, 25
-Biruni (Abu Rayhan), 269, 280, +361+
Bishr b. Abi Khazim (poet), 86
Bishr al-Hafi, 228
Bishr b. -Mu‘tamir, 369
Bistam, 391
Blick, J. S., 184, 249, 258
Black, the colour of the ‘Abbasids, 220, 262
Black Stone in the Ka‘ba, the, 63, 274, 319, 467
Blunt, Lady Anne, 88, 101
Blunt, Wilfrid, 88, 101
Bobastro, 410
Boer, T. J. de, 433
Bohlen, 308, 312
Bokhara, 203, 265, 275, 360
_Book of Examples, the_, by Ibn Khaldun, 437
_Book of Sibawayhi, the_, 343
_Book of the Thousand Tales, the._ See _Hazar Afsan_
_Book of Viziers, the_, 458
Books, the Six Canonical, 337
Boswell, 144, 313, 452
Brethren of Purity, the, 370-372
British Museum, the, 12, 402
Brockelmann, C., 205, 236, 237, 308, 328, 339, 346, 349, 449, 459,
468, 469
Browne, Prof. E. G., 29, 42, 185, 217, 218, 230, 247, 251, 258, 265,
272, 275, 290, 329, 346, 362, 375, 381, 383, 394, 399, 445
Brünnow, R. E., 32, 35, 49, 51, 209, 210
Brutus, 252
Bu‘ath, battle of, 170
Buddha, 297, 298
Buddhism, 373, 375, 390, 391.
See _Nirvana_
-Buhturi (poet), 130, 316, 324
Bujayr b. ‘Amr, 58
Bukhara. See _Bokhara_
-Bukhari, 144, 146, 151, 337
Bulaq, 469
Bunyan, 212
Burckhardt, 95, 465, 466, 467
Burd, 373
_-Burda_, 326, 327
_-burda_ (the Prophet's mantle), 327, 366
Burji Mamelukes, the, 447
Burns, Robert, 450
_burnus_, the, a mark of asceticism, 210
Burton, Sir Richard, 459
Busir, 326
-Busiri (poet), 326, 327
Buthayna, 238
Butrites, the, a Shi‘ite sect, 297
Buwayhid dynasty, the, 264, +266-268+, 271, 275, 303, 338
Byzantine Empire, the, 3, 29, 46, 171, 255, 261, 269, 359
C
Cadiz, 405
Cæsar, 252
Cætani, Prince, 149, 155, 156, 171
Cairo, 275, 350, 394, 395, 437, 447, 448, 451, 452, 453, 454, 455,
458, 461, 464, 469
Caliph, the, must belong to Quraysh, 207
Caliph, name of the, mentioned in the Friday sermon, 263, 264;
stamped on the coinage, 264;
title of, assumed by the Fatimids, 271;
by the Umayyads of Spain, 412
Caliphs, the, -Mas‘udi's account of, 354
Caliphs, the ‘Abbasid. See _‘Abbasids, the_
Caliphs, the Orthodox, xxiii, xxvii, 181-193
Caliphs, the Umayyad. See _Umayyad dynasty, the_
Calpe, 204
Campbell, D., 360
Canaanites, the, 3
Canonical Books, the Six, 337
Capuchins, the, 228
Carmathians, the, 272, +274+, 322, 324, 371, 375, 381, 467.
See _Fatimid dynasty_; _Isma‘ilis_
Carmona, 437
Casanova, P., 371
Caspian Sea, the, xxviii, 21, 264, 266, 350, 352, 391
Castile, 422, 437
Castles of -Yemen, the, 24
Catharine of Siena, 233
Cathay, xxv
Caussin de Perceval, 32
Cave-dwellers of Khurasan, the, 232
Celibacy condemned by Muhammad, 224
Cemetery of the Sufis, the, at Damascus, 463
Ceuta, 405, 412, 423, 434
Ceylon, 352
Chagar Beg, 275
Charles the Hammer, 204
Charter, the, drawn up by Muhammad for the people of Medina, 173
Chaucer, 289
Chauvin, Victor, 214
Chenery, T., 244, 328, 332, 333, 336
Chihrazad, 457
China, 203, 352, 419, 444
Chingiz Khan, 444
Christian poets who wrote in Arabic, 138, 139
Christianity in Arabia, 117, 137-140;
in Ghassán, 51, 54, 123;
at -Hira, 39, 41, 43, 44, 46, 49, 123, 124, 138;
in Najran, 26, 27, 124, 137;
in Moslem Spain, 407, 411, 412, 413, +414-415+, 431, 435, 441
Christianity, influence of, on Muhammadan culture, xxii, 176, 177,
216, 221, 231, 389, 390
Christians, Monophysite, 51
Christians, supposed by Moslems to wear a girdle, 461
Christians at the Umayyad court, 221, 240, 241
_Chronology of Ancient Nations, the_, by -Biruni, 361
Church and State, regarded as one by Moslems, 170, 182, 197
Chwolsohn, 363
Classicism, revolt against, 287-289
Cleopatra, 34
Coinage, Arabic, introduced by ‘Abdu ’l-Malik, 201
Commercial terms derived from Arabic, 281
Companions of the Prophet, biographies of the, 144, 356, 456
Confession of faith, the Muhammadan, 403
Conquests, the early Muhammadan, work on the, 349
Constantinople, xxix, 29, 45, 52, 84, 104, 318, 362, 412
Cordova, 131, 341, 347, 406-411, +412+, 413-415, 418, 420-426, 428,
434, 435
Cordova, the University of, 420
Courage, Arabian, the nature of, 82
Criticism of Ancient and Modern Poets, 283-289
Cromwell, 189
Crusade, the Third, 275
Crusaders, the, 331, 447
Cruttenden, 8
Ctesiphon, 47, 48, 210.
See _-Mada’in_
Cureton, 211, 216, 341
D
Dabba (tribe), xix
-Dahab al-‘Ijli, 44
Dahis (name of a horse), 61
Dahis and -Ghabrá, the War of, 61, 62, 114, 116
_-dahriyyun_, 381
_da‘i_ (missionary), 249, 272
-Daja‘ima, 50
-Dajjal (the Antichrist), 216
_dakhil_, 95
Damascus, xxi, xxviii, 13, 46, 51, 53, 54, 111, 181, 104, 195, 202,
203, 207, 235, 240, 241, 242, 244, 247, 252, 255, 274, 304, 313,
335, 340, 374, 386, 399, 408, 451, 462, 463
_-Damigh_, 375
Daniel, 162
Dante, 360, 404
_dapir_ (Secretary), 257
Daqiqi, Persian poet, 265
Daraya, 386
Darius, 256
Darmesteter, J., 217
Daru ’l-Rum (Constantinople), 362
Daughters, the birth of, regarded as a misfortune, 91, 156
Daughters of Allah, the, 135, 156
Davidson, A. B., 82
_dawidar_ (_dawadar_), 445
Daws Dhu Tha‘laban, 27
-Daylam, 266
Dead Sea, the, 249
Decline of the Caliphate, 257, 263
Derenbourg, H., 54, 122, 123, 194, 260, 331, 445, 454
Dervish orders, the, 393
Desecration of the tombs of the Umayyad Caliphs, 205
-Dhahabi (Shamsu ’l-Din), historian, 339, 446, 454
Dhamar‘ali Dhirrih, 10
Dhu ’l-Khalasa, name of an idol, 105
Dhu ’l-Khursayn (name of a sword), 96
Dhu ’l-Majaz, 114
Dhu Nafar, 66, 67
Dhu ’l-Nun al-Misri, 386-388, 389, 460
Dhu ’l-Nusur (surname), 2
Dhu Nuwas, 12, +26-27+, 137, 162
Dhu Qar, battle of, 69, 70
Dhu l-Qarnayn, 17, 18
Dhu ’l-Quruh (title), 104
Dhu Ru‘ayn, 25, 26
Dhu ’l-Rumma (poet), 246
Dhu ’l-‘Umrayn, nickname of Ibnu ’l-Khatib, 436
Dhu ’l-Wizaratayn (title), 425
Dhubyan (tribe), xix, 61, 62, 116, 117, 121
Diacritical points in Arabic script, 201
Di‘bil (poet), 261, 375
Dictionaries, Arabic, 343, 403, 456
Didactic poem by Abu ’l-‘Atahiya, 300
Diercks, 360
Dieterici, F., 270, 305, 307, 308, 310, 312, 313, 371
_dihqan_, 291
Diminutives, 396, 449
_din_ (religion), 178, 287
Dinarzad, 457
Dinarzade, 457
-Dinawar, 346
-Dinawari (historian), 251, 349
Dinazad, 457
Diodorus Siculus, 3
Dionysius the Areopagite, 387, 389
-Dira‘iyya, 466
Dirge, the Arabian, 126
_dithar_, 152
_Divan-i Shams-i Tabriz_, 298
Divine Right, the Shi‘ite theory of, 214, 271
_diwan_ (collection of poems), 127, 128
Diwan (Register) of ‘Umar, the, 187, 188
_Diwans of the Six Poets, the_, 128
_diya_ (blood-wit), 93
-Diyárbakri (historian), 445
Dog, the, regarded by Moslems as unclean, 445
Doughty, E. M., 3
Dozy, 214, 399, 407, 410, 411, 413, 414, 415, 420, 422, 424, 428, 429,
431, 465, 467
Drama, the, not cultivated by the Semites, 328
Drinking parties described in Pre-islamic poetry, 124, 125, 167
Droit du seigneur, le, 4
_dubayt_ (a species of verse), 450
Dubeux, 352
Duka, T., 390
Dumas, 272
_Dumyatu ’l-Qasr_, 348
Duns Scotus, 367
Durayd b. -Simma, 83
Durayd b. Zayd b. Nahd, 75
_Durratu ’l-Ghawwas_, 336
_Duwalu ’l-Islam_, 446
Dvorak, R., 304
Dyke of Ma’rib, the, 2, 5, +14-17+, 50, 63
Dynasties of the ‘Abbasid period, 264-276
E
Eber, xviii
Ecbatana, 129, 328.
See _Hamadhan_
Ecstasy, 387, 393, 394
Edessa, 331, 358
Egypt, xxiv, xxix, xxx, 4, 5, 132, 184, 186, 193, 215, 268, 274, 275,
307, 323, 326, 327, 350, 354, 355, 358, 387-390, 399, 419, 432,
434, 442, 443, 447, 448, 450, 451, 454, 460, 461, 464, 466, 468
Egypt, conquest of, by the Moslems, 184
_Egypt, History of_, by Ibn Taghribirdi, 454
Eichhorn, xv
Elegiac poetry, 126, 127
_Elephant, the Sura of the_, 68
Elephant, the year of the, 28, 66, 146
Eloquence, Arabian, 346, 347
Emanation, Plotinus's theory of, 393
Emessa, 304
Emigrants, the. See _-Muhajirun_
Encomium of the Umayyad dynasty, by -Akhtal, 242
Epic poetry not cultivated by the Arabs, 325
Equality of Arabs and non-Arabs maintained by the Shu‘ubites, 279, 280
Equites Thamudeni, 3
Erotic prelude, the. See _nasib_
Erpenius, 355
Essenes, the, 224
Euphrates, the, xv, 33, 36, 37, 38, 41, 53, 110, 113, 186, 189, 192,
196, 256, 418, 443, 449
Euting, Julius, 9
F
Fables of beasts, considered useful and instructive, 330
-Fadl, the Barmecide, 260
-Fadl b. al-Rabi‘, 293
-Fahl (surname), 125
Fahm (tribe), 81
Fairs, the old Arabian, 135
_-Fakhri_, 187, 188, 194, 203, 260, 331, 445, +454+
Fakhru ’l-Dawla (Buwayhid), 267
Fakhru ’l-Mulk, 340
Falcon of Quraysh, the, 407, 417
_-falsafa_ (Philosophy), 283
_fana_ (dying to self), 233, 390, 391
_fanak_, 53
_faqih_, 464
_faqir_ (fakir), 230, 464
_faqr_ (poverty), 230
Farab, 360
-Farábi (Abu Nasr), 270, +360+, 393
-Farazdaq (poet), 196, 238, 239, 240, +242-244+, 245, 246
-Farghani, 361
Faridu’ddin ‘Attar, 226, 228, 386
-Farqadan (name of two stars), 35
-Farra, 343
Farrukh-mahan, 45
Fars (province), 266
Fathers, the Christian, 341
_-Fatiha_, 143
Fatima, daughter of -Khurshub, 88
Fatima, daughter of the Prophet, 183, 218, 250, 251, 258, 267, 274
Fatima (mother of Qusayy), 64
Fatima, a woman loved by Imru’u ’l-Qays, 106
Fatimid dynasty, the, 217, 265, 268, 269, +271-275+, 322, 371, 412
-Fatra, 152
_Fawatu ’l-Wafayat_, 449, 452
Fayiasufu ’l-‘Arab (title), 360.
See _-Kindi_
Faymiyun (Phemion), 26
Ferdinand I of Castile, 422
Ferdinand III of Castile, 434
Ferdinand V of Castile, 441
Fez, 436
Fihr (tribe), xix
_-Fihrist_, 13, 142, 345, 359, +361-364+, 387, 457
-Find, 58, 60, 84
_-fiqh_ (Jurisprudence), 283;
denoting law and theology, 339, 420, 465
Firdawsi, Persian poet, 265, 269
Firuz (Firuzan), father of Ma‘ruf al-Karkhi, 385
Firuz, a Persian slave, 189
-Fírúzábádí (Majdu ’l-Din), 403, 456
Fleischer, 400, 404
Flint, Robert, 441
Fluegel, G., 142, 297, 362, 364, 459
Folk-songs, Arabic, 238, 416-417, 449-450
_Fons Vitæ_, 428
Foreigners, Sciences of the, 282, 283
Forgery of Apostolic Traditions, 145, 146, 279
Forgery of Pre-islamic poems, 133, 134
France, 9, 412, 469
Frederick II of Hohenstaufen, 434, 441
Free schools, founded by Hakam II, 419
Free-thought in Islam, 283, 284, 298, 345, 460.
See _Mu‘tazilites_ and _Zindiqs_
Free-will, the doctrine of, 223, 224
Freytag, G. W., 16, 31, 48, 50, 55, 73, 89, 91, 109, 129, 292, 373
Friedlaender, I., 428
Frothingham, 389
-Fudayl b. ‘Iyad, 232, 233, 385
_-fuhul_, 138
Fukayha, 89
_-funún al-sab‘a_ (the seven kinds of poetry), 450
Fuqaym (tribe), 28
_-Fusul wa-’l-Ghayat_, 318
_Fususu ’l-Hikam_, 400, 401, 402
_-Futuhat al-Makkiyya_, 400, 464
Future life, Pre-islamic notions of the, 166
G
Gabriel, 63, 141, 150, 267
Galen, 358
Galland, 458
Gallienus, 33
Gaulonitis, the, 53
Gaza, 5
Geber, 361
Geiger, 162
Genealogy, Muhammadan, xx
Genealogy, treatise on, by Ibn Durayd, 343
_Genesis, Book of_, xv
Geographers, the Moslem, 356, 357
George -Makin, 355
Georgians, the, 445
Germany, 8, 412
Gesenius, 8
-Ghabrá (name of a mare), 61
-Gharid, 236
-Ghariyyan, 43
Ghassán, xxii, 33, 37, 38, 42, 43, 121, 122, 138, 139, 158, 332
Ghassanid court, the, described by Hassan b. Thabit, 53
Ghassanids, the, 33, +49-54+, 122
Ghatafan (tribe), xix, 61
-Ghawl, 119
_ghayba_ (occultation), 216
Ghayman (castle), 24
Ghayz b. Murra, 117
Ghazala, 339
-Ghazali, 230, 234, 277, +338-341+, +380-383+, 393, 431, 463
Ghazan, 446
Ghaziyya (tribe), 83
Ghazna, 268-269, 355
Ghaznevid dynasty, the, 265, +268-269+, 271, 275
_ghiyar_, 461
Ghiyathu ’l-Din Mas‘ud (Seljuq), 326, 329
_-Ghulat_ (the extreme Shi‘ites), 216
Ghumdán (castle), 24
Gibb, E. J. W., 443, 460
Gibb, H. A. R., 470
Gibbon, 439
Gibraltar (Jabal Tariq), 204, 414
Glaser, E., 9, 15
Gnosis, the Sufi doctrine of, 386, 387
Gnosticism, 389, 390
Gobineau, Comte de, 320
Goeje, M. J. de, 179, 180, 253, 256, 257, 287, 322, 349, 350, 351,
353, 354, 356, 366, 371, 409
Goethe, 97
Gog and Magog, 18
_Golden Meadows, the._ See _Muruju ’l-Dhahab_ and -Mas‘udi
Goldziher, Ignaz, xx, xxii, 10, 18, 30, 73, 90, 119, 145, 177, 178,
199, 200, 221, 225, 246, 278, 279, 280, 285, 287, 289, 297, 298,
315, 344, 345, 366, 368, 370, 372, 374, 379, 390, 409, 431, 433, 466
Gospel, the, 165, 171
Grammar, Arabic, the origin of, 202, 278, 282, 341-343, 363
Grammars, Arabic, 343, 456
Granada, 421, 424, 428, 431, 434, +435-437+, 441, 442, 447
Gray, T., 77
Greece, 131, 296, 361, 434
Greece, the influence of, on Muhammadan thought, 220, 221, 229, 266,
+358-361+, 363, 369, 370, 386, 388
Greek Philosophers, the, 341, 363
Green, the colour of the ‘Alids, 262
Grimme, H., xv, 10
Grünert, M., 346
Guadalquivir, the, 422
Guest, A. R., 453
Guillaume, A., 360
Guirgass, 251
Guyon, Madame, 233
H
Haarbrücker, 220, 221, 223, 224, 297
Habib b. Aws. See _Abu Tammam_
_hadarat_, mystical term, 402
-Hadi, the Caliph, 260, 373
_Hadiqatu ’l-Afrah_, 449
_-hadith_ (Traditions of the Prophet), 132, 134, +143-146+, 201, 247,
258, 348. See _Traditions of the Prophet_
Hadramawt (province), 1, 5, 42
Hadrian, 137
Hafsa, 142
Hafsid dynasty, the, 442
Hagar. See _Hajar, wife of Abraham_
Hajar (in -Bahrayn), 94, 96
Hajar, wife of Abraham, xviii, 63
-Hajjaj b. Yusuf, 200, +201-203+, 209, 213, 244
Hajji Khalifa, 456
-Hakam I (Spanish Umayyad), 409
-Hakam II (Spanish Umayyad), 412, 419
_hakim_ (philosopher), 387
_hal_, mystical term, 387
_Halbatu ’l-Kumayt_, 417
Halévy, Joseph, 9
Halila, 56
Halima, daughter of -Harith al-A‘raj, 50
Halima, the battle of, 43, 50, 51, 125
Halima, the Prophet's nurse, 147
-Hallaj. See _-Husayn b. Mansur_
Halle, 8
Ham, xv
_hama_ (owl or wraith), 94, 166
Hamadhan (Ecbatana), 129, 292, 328, 333
-Hamadhání, 328.
See _Badi‘u ’l-Zaman_
Hamal b. Badr, 61, 88
_-Hamasa_, of Abu Tammam, 55, 57-61, 79, 81, 82, 83, 84, 87, 92, 93,
98, 100, 126, +129-130+, 136, 137, 199, 213, 324, 331
_-Hamasa_, of -Buhturi, 130, 324
_hamasa_ (fortitude), 79, 326
Hamat, 454
-Hamaysa‘ b. Himyar, 12
Hamdan, 19
Hamdan Qarmat, 274
-Hamdani (geographer), 6, 11, 12, 13, 17, 18, 20, 24
Hamdanid dynasty, the, 268, +269-271+, 291, 303
Hamilton, Terrick, 459
Hammad al-Rawiya, 103, 113, 128, +132-134+, 344
Hammer, J. von, 308, 316, 396, 459
Hamza of Isfahan (historian), 14, 280
Hanbalites, the, 376, 462
_handasa_ (geometry), 283
Hani’, a chieftain of Bakr, 69
Hanifa (tribe), 183
Hanifs, the, 69, +149+, +150+, 170, 318
Hanzala of Tayyi’, 44
_haqiqat_, mystical term, 392
_haqiqatu ’l-haqa’iq_, mystical term, 403
_-haqiqatu ’l-Muhammadiyya_, mystical term, 403
_-haqq_, mystical term, 392
Haram (tribe), 331
Harim b. Sinan, 61, 116, 117, 288
-Hariri, author of the _Maqamat_, 329-336
-Harith al-Akbar. See _-Harith b. ‘Amr Muharriq_
-Harith b. ‘Amr (Kindite), 42, 44, 103, 104
-Harith b. ‘Amr Muharriq (Ghassanid), 50
-Harith al-A‘raj (Ghassanid), 43, 50, 54, 125.
See _-Harith b. Jabala_
-Harith b. ‘Awf, 61, 116, 117
-Harith b. Hammam, 330, 331, 333
-Harith b. Hilliza (poet), 44, 100, 109, 113-114, 128
-Harith b. Jabala (Ghassanid), 43, 50, +51+, +52+.
See _-Harith al-A‘raj_
-Harith al-Ra’ish, 17
-Harith b. Surayj, 222
-Harith b. ‘Ubad, 58, 50
-Harith the Younger (Ghassanid), 50
-Harith b. Zalim, 85
_-harj_, 249
Harran, 221, 358, 361, 462
Harran, the bilingual inscription of, xxii
Hartmann, M., 450, 468
Harun al-Rashid, the Caliph, xxix, 255, 258, 259, +260-261+, 262, 277,
283, 292, 293, 296, 298, 343, 345, 347, 366, 367, 368, 373, 385,
388, 458, 459
Harura, 208
Harwat, 11
_hasab_, 100
Hasan (Buwayhid), 266
-Hasan of -Basra, 208, 222, 223, +225-227+, 230, 243, 244, 294
-Hasan b. Ahmad al-Hamdani, 11.
See _-Hamdani_
-Hasan b. ‘Ali, the Nizamu ’l-Mulk, 276.
See _Nizamu ’l-Mulk_
-Hasan b. ‘Ali b. Abi Talib, 216, 297
-Hasan al-Burini, 396
-Hasan b. -Sabbah, 445
Hashid (tribe), 12
Hashim, 65, 146, 250
-Hashimiyya (Shi‘ite sect), 220, 251
Hassan b. Thabit (poet), 18, 52, 53, 54, 127
Hassan (son of As‘ad Kamil), the Tubba‘, 19, 23, 25
Hatim of Tayyi’, +85-87+, 288
Hawazin (tribe), xix
_Hayy b. Yaqzan_, 433
Hayyum, 19
_Hazar Afsan_ (_Hazar Afsana_), 363, 457-458
-Haziri (Abu ’l-Ma‘ali), 348
_Hazzu ’l-Quhuf_, 450
Hebrew language, the, xvi
Hebrews, the, xv
Hellespont, the, xxix
Helpers, the. See _-Ansar_
Hengstenberg, 102
Heraclius, 52
Heresies of the Caliph -Ma’mun, 262
Herodotus, 353
Hierotheus, 389
hija (satire), 73, 294
-Hijaz, xvii, 3, 21, +62+, 63, 64, 69, 137, 149, 150, 215, 340, 395,
398, 399, 465, 466
-Hijr, the inscriptions of, xxi, 3
-Hijra (Hegira), xxv, 158, 171
-Hilla, 449
_Hilyatu ’l-Awliya,_ 338
_himaq_ (a species of verse), 450
Hims, 304
Himyar (person), 14
Himyar (people), xxv, 1, 6, 10, 17, 24, 25, 26, 429
Himyarite kings, the, 9, 10, 12, 13, 14, 17-27.
See _Tubba‘s, the_
Himyarite language, the, xvi, xvii, xxi, 6-11
_Himyarite Ode, the_, 12, 13
Himyarites, the, xviii, xx, xxi, 4, +5+, +6+, 7, 12, 17, 23, 26
Hind, mother of Bakr and Taghlib, 58
Hind (a Bedouin woman), 46
Hind, daughter of -Nu‘man III, 46, 47
Hind, wife of -Mundhir III, 44, 45, 110
Hinwam (hill), 20
-Hira, xxii, xxiii, 29, 33, 34, +37-49+, 51, 52, 53, 54, 60, 69, 70,
85, 87, 103, 107, 108, 109, 110, 112, 114, 121, 122, 124, 138,
139, 189, 244, 439
Hira, Mount, 150
Hirran, 11
Hirschfeld, H., 151
Hisham (Umayyad Caliph), 200, 206, 224, 243
Hisham I (Spanish Umayyad), 347, 409
Hisham II (Spanish Umayyad), 412, 421
Hisham b. Muhammad al-Kalbi, 38, 39, 40, 348
Hisn Ghurab, 8
Historians, Arab, +11-14+, 144, 247, +348-356+, 420, 428, 435-440,
+452-454+
Historical studies encouraged by the Umayyads, 247
History, the true purpose of, 437;
subject to universal laws, 438;
evolution of, 439, 440
_History of the Berbers_, by Ibn Khaldun, 429, 435
_History of the Caliphs_, by -Suyuti, 455
_History of Islamic Civilisation_, by Jurji Zaydan, 435
_History of Old and New Cairo_, by -Suyuti, 455
Holy Ghost, the, 150
Holy War, the, enjoined by the Koran, 174
Homer, the Iliad of, translated into Arabic verse, 469
Homeritæ, the, 5
Hommel, F., xv, 1
Honour, Pre-islamic conception of, 82-100
Horace, 326
Hospitality, the Bedouin ideal of, 85
House of the Prophet, the, 250.
See ‘_Ali b. Abi Talib_; _‘Alids_; _Shi‘ites_.
Houtsma, Th., 193, 242, 329, 349
Huart, C., 468
Hubal (name of an idol), +64+
Hubba, 64
Hud (prophet), 2
Hudhalites (Hudhaylites), 22, 128.
See _Hudhayl_
Hudhayla b. Badr, 61
Hudhayta b. al-Yaman, 142
Hudhayl (tribe), xix, 64, 98, 99, 100
Hughes, G., 80
Hujr (Kindite), 42
Hujr, father of Imru’u ’l-Qays, 104
Hulagu, xxix, 182, 444-446
Hulayl b. Hubshiyya, 64
_-Hullat al-Siyara_, 418
Hulton, 8
_hulul_ (incarnation), 396, 402
Hulwan, 292
Humani, 457
-Humayma, 249
Hunayn b. Ishaq, 359
_hur_ (houris), 167
Hurmuz (Sasanian), 47
Hurufis, the, 460
-Husayn, son of ‘Ali b. Abi Talib, +196+, +197+, 198, 216, 218, 243,
466
-Husayn b. Damdam, 117
-Husayn b. Mansur -Hallaj, 363, 375, 399
_Husnu ’l-Muhadara_, 455
-Hutay’a (poet), 127, 131, 261
Huzwa, 398
Hypocrites, the. See _-Munafiqun_
I
Iamblichus, 389
‘Ibad, the, of -Hira, 38, 39, 138
Ibadites (a Kharijite sect), the, 211
_-‘Ibar_, by -Dhahabi, 339
Ibnu ’l-Abbar, 418, 424
Ibn ‘Abdi Rabbihi, 102, +347+, +420+
Ibn Abi Du’ad, 376
Ibn Abi Usaybi‘a, 266, 355
Ibn Abi Ya‘qub al-Nadim, 362
Ibn Abi Zar‘, 429
Ibnu ’l-Ahmar (Nasrid), 435
Ibn ‘A’isha, 236
Ibnu ’l-‘Alqami, 445
Ibnu ’l-‘Amid, 267
Ibn ‘Ammar (poet), 422, 424
Ibnu ’l-‘Arabi. See _Muhyi ’l-Din Ibnu ’l-‘Arabi_
Ibnu ’l-‘Arabi, the Cadi, of Seville, 399
Ibnu ’l-A‘rabi (philologist), 128
Ibn ‘Arabshah, 454
Ibnu ’l-Athir, 203, 205, 253, +355-356+, 376, 379, 420, 429
Ibn Bajja, 361, 434
Ibn Bashkuwal, 426, 434
Ibn Bassam, 422, 434
Ibnu ’l-Baytar, 434
Ibn Durayd, 253, 280, +343+
Ibnu ’l-Farid. See _‘Umar Ibnu ’l-Farid_
Ibn Hajar, 456
Ibnu ’l-Hanafiyya. See _Muhammad Ibnu ’l-Hanafiyya_
Ibn Hani (poet), 419, 420
Ibn Hawqal, 356
Ibn Hayyan, 428
Ibn Hazm, 222, 341, 402, +423-428+
Ibn Hisham, 17, 22, 23, 63, 64, 69, +144+, 147, 150, 151, 152, 154,
156, 158, 166, 170, 173, 175, +349+
Ibn Humam, 105
Ibnu ’l-‘Idhari, 407, 428, 429
Ibn Ishaq, 69, +144+, 146, 149, 156, 247, +349+
Ibn Jahwar, 424
Ibnu ’l-Jawzi, 355
Ibn Jubayr, 357, 434
Ibn Kabsha, nickname of Muhammad, 166
Ibn Khalawayh, 271
Ibn Khaldun, 32, 228, 229, 277, 278, 288, 289, 350, 353, 429, 435,
+437-440+, 443, 452
Ibn Khallikan, 129, 132, 190, 213, 224, 234, 245, 261, 266, 267, 276,
288, 295, 308, 312, 326, 343, 344, 346, 348, 355, 357, 359, 360,
377, 378, 387, 408, 422, 425, 427, +451-452+
Ibn Khaqan, 425, 434
Ibnu ’l-Khatib, the Vizier, 413, 435, 436, 437
Ibn Khidham, 105
Ibn Khurdadbih, 356
Ibn Maja, 337
Ibn Malik of Jaen, 456
Ibn Mukarram (Jamalu ’l-Din), 456
Ibn Muljam, 193
Ibnu ’l-Muqaffa‘, 330, +346+, 348, 358
Ibnu ’l-Mu‘tazz (poet), 325
Ibn Nubata (man of letters), 61
Ibn Nubata, the preacher, 271, 328
Ibnu ’l-Qifti, 355, 370, 387
Ibn Qutayba, xviii, 35, 49, 50, 51, 75, 77, 105, 117, 145, 202, 223,
257, 277, 280, +286+, +287+, 288, 289, 293, 294, 345, +346+
Ibnu ’l-Qutiyya, 420
Ibn Quzman, 417
Ibn Rashiq, 71, 288
Ibnu ’l-Rawandi, 375
Ibn Rushd, 341, 361, 432, 434
Ibn Sab‘in, 434
Ibn Sa‘d, 144, 256, 349
Ibnu ’l-Sammak, 261
Ibnu ’l-Sikkit, 343
Ibn Sina (Avicenna), 265, 266, 341, +360+, +361+, 393
Ibn Sirin, 244
Ibn Surayj, 236
Ibn Taymiyya, 371, +462+, +463+, 465, 466
Ibnu ’l-Tiqtaqa, 454
Ibn Tufayt, 361, 432, 433, 434
Ibn Tumart, 431-432
Ibnu ’l-Wahshiyya, xxv
Ibnu ’l-Wardi, 455
Ibn Zaydun (poet), 419, 424-426
Ibn Zuhr, 434
Ibrahim (Abraham), xviii, 63.
See _Abraham_
Ibrahim (‘Alid), 258
Ibrahim b. Adham, 232
Ibrahim b. Hilal al-Sabi, 328
Ibrahim of Mosul, 261
Idol-worship at Mecca, 62-64
Idris, 264
-Idrisi (geographer), 357, 434
Idrisid dynasty, the, 264
_Ihya’u Ulum al-Din_, 230, 234, 338, 340
-Iji (Adudu ’l-Din), 456
_ijma‘_, 460
_ikhlas_, 164
Ikhmim, 387
_-Ikhtiyarat_, 128
Ikhwánu ’l-Safa, 370-372, 388
_-Iklil_, 6, 12, 13, 24
_-ilahiyyun_, 382
_Iliad, the_, xxii, 325, 469
Il-Khans, the, xxix, 446
Il-Makah, 11
_‘ilmu ’l-hadith_ (Science of Apostolic Tradition), 283
_‘ilmu ’l-kalam_ (Scholastic Theology), 283
_‘ilmu ’l-nujum_ (Astronomy), 283
_‘ilmu ’l-qira’at_ (Koranic Criticism), 283
_‘ilmu ’l-tafsir_ (Koranic Exegesis), 283
_‘ilq_, 101
‘Imadu ’l-Dawla (Buwayhid), 266
‘Imadu ’l-Din al-Katib al-Isfahani, 348, 355
Imam (head of the religious community), 210
Imam, the Hidden, 216-217, 371;
the Infallible, 220, 432
Imam-Husayn, a town near Baghdad, 466.
See _Karbala_
_-imam al-ma‘sum_, 432
Imamites, the, 251
Imams, the Seven, 217, 273
Imams, the Shi‘ite, 214-220
Imams, the Twelve, 217
Imamu ’l-Haramayn, 339, 379
_iman_ (faith), 222
Imru’u ’l-Qays (poet), 42, 84, 85, 101, 102, +103-107+, 128, 136, 246,
289
India, 4, 17, 268, 341, 352, 361, 389
+India, History of+, by -Biruni, 361
India, the influence of, on Moslem civilisation, 361, 389, 390
India, Moslem conquests in, 203, 268
Indian religion, described by -Shahrastani, 341
Indus, the, xxiv, 203, 264
Infanticide, practised by the pagan Arabs, 149, 243
Initiation, the Isma‘ilite degrees of, 273
Inquisition (_mihna_) established by -Ma’mun, 368, 369
_-Insan al-Kamil_, the Perfect Man, 402
Inscriptions, the Babylonian and Assyrian, xxv, 4
Inscriptions, Himyarite. See _Inscriptions, South Arabic_
Inscriptions, Nabatæan, xxv, 3
Inscriptions, South Arabic, xvi, xxi, xxvi, +6-11+
Inspiration, views of the heathen Arabs regarding, 72, 73, 152, 165
Intellectual and Philosophical Sciences, the, 282
Ionia, the dialect of, xxiii
_-‘Iqd al-Faríd_, 102, 131, +347+, 420
Iram, 1
-‘Iraq, 34, 38, 42, 123, 132, 142, 201, 202, 207, 208, 243, 244, 255,
262, 266, 273, 303, _350_, 419, 445. See _Babylonia_
_-Isaba fi tamyiz al-Sahaba_, 456
Isabella of Castile, 441
Isaiah, 151
Isfahan, 14, 131, 268, 280, 326, 347, 355, 419
Isfandiyar, 330, 363
Ishaq b. Ibrahim al-Mawsili, 261, 362, 418
Ishaq b. Khalaf, 92
Ishmael. See _Isma‘il_
Isidore of Hispalis, 198
Islam, meaning of, 153;
cardinal doctrines of, 163-168;
formal and ascetic character of, 168, 224;
derived from Christianity and Judaism, 176, 177;
pagan elements in, 177;
opposed to the ideals of heathendom, 177, 178;
identified with the religion of Abraham, 62, 177;
a world-religion, 184
Isma‘il (Ishmael), xviii, 63, 64
Isma‘il (Samanid), 265
Isma‘il b. ‘Abbad, 267.
See _-Sahib Isma‘il b. ‘Abbad_
Isma‘il b. Naghdala, 428
Isma‘ilis, the, 217, +272-274+, 363, +371+, +372+, 381, 420, 445
+isnad+, 144, 278, 352
-Isnawi, 339
Israel, 73
Istakhr, 356
-Istakhri, 356
_istifa_, 228
Italy, 412, 414, 441
Ithamara (Sabæan king), 4
-Ithna -‘ashariyya (the Twelvers), 217
I‘timad, name of a slave-girl, 422
_-Itqan_, 145, 455
_ittihad_, 402
_‘iyar_, 297
Iyas b. Qabisa, 53
‘Izzu ’l-Din b. ‘Abd al-Salam, 461
J
Jabal Tariq (Gibraltar), 204
Jabala b. -Ayham (Ghassanid), 50, 51, 52, 53, 54
-Jabariyya (the Predestinarians), 224
Jabir b. Hayyan, 361, 387
_jabr_ (compulsion), 224, 297
Jacob, G., 74, 76
Jadala (tribe), 429
Jadhima al-Abrash, 34, 35, 36, 40
Jadis (tribe), 4, 25
Jaen, 456
Ja‘far, the Barmecide, 260
Ja‘far, son of the Caliph -Hadi, 260
Jafna, founder of the Ghassanid dynasty, 50
Jafnites, the. See _Ghassanids, the_
Jaghbub, 468
Jahdar b. Dubay‘a, 59
_-jahiliyya_ (the Age of Barbarism), xxvi, +30+, 31, 34, 71, 90, 158,
287
-Jahiz, 267, 280, +346-347+, 375
_jahiz_, 346
-Jahiziyya (Mu‘tazilite sect), 346
_jahl_, meaning 'barbarism', 30
Jahm b. Safwan, 222
-Jahshiyari (Abu ‘Abdallah Muhammad b. ‘Abdus), 458
Jalalu ’l-Din Khwarizmshah, 444
Jalalu ’l-Din al-Mahalli, 455
Jalalu ’l-Din Rumi, Persian poet, 298, 393, 404
Jallaban, 293
_-Jamhara fi ’l-Lugha_, 343
_Jamharatu Ash‘ari ’l-‘Arab_, 130
-Jami (‘Abdu ’l-Rahman), Persian poet, 229, 284, 386, 433
_-Jami‘_, by -Tirmidhi, 337
_-Jami‘a_, 371
Jamil, 238
Jandal, 245
Janissaries, the, 413
-Jannabi, 375
-Jaradatan (name of two singing girls), 2
Jarir (poet), 205, 238, 239, 240, 242, +244-246+
Jassas b. Murra, 56, 57
-Jawf, 9
Jawhar, 429
-Jawlan, 54
Jerusalem, 169, 177, 233, 275, 340, 355, 357
Jesus, 215, 216
Jews, the, 341.
See _Judaism_
-Jibal (province), 292, 356, 445
Jibril (Gabriel), 150
_jihad_, 430
Jinn, the, 72, 112, 119, 152, 165
_jinni_ (genie), 165
Jirjis -Makin (historian), 355
John of Damascus, 221
John of Ephesus, 52
Johnson, Dr., 286, 313
Joktan, xviii
Jones, E. R., 433
Jones, Sir William, 102, 452
Jong, P. de, 366
Jordan, the, 446
-Jubba’i, 377, 378
Judaism, established in -Yemen, 23, 137;
zealously fostered by Dhu Nuwas, 26;
in Arabia, 137-140, 149, 158, 170-172, 173, 176, 177;
in Spain, 415, 428, 429;
in Sicily, 441
Judaism, influence of, on Muhammadan thought, 176, 177, 215, 216
_-ju‘iyya_ (the Fasters), 232
Juliana of Norwich, 233
Junayd of Baghdad, 228, 230, 392, 465
Junde-shapur, 358
Jurhum (tribe), xviii, 63, 117
Jurjan, 339
Jurji Zaydan, 435
Justinian, 43, 51, 104, 358
Justinus (Byzantine Emperor), 27, 52
-Juwayni (Abu ’l-Ma‘ali), 339, 379
Juynboll, 257, 262, 268, 350, 369
K
Ka‘b (tribe), 246
Ka‘b b. Zuhayr (poet), 119, 127, 327
-Ka‘ba, +63+, +64+, +65+, +67+, 101, 117, 154, 155, 157, 164, 169,
177, 198, 319, 400, 403, 467
Ka‘bu ’l-Ahbar, 185
-Kadhdhab (title of Musaylima), 183
Kafur (Ikhshidite), 306, 307
Kahlan, 14
-Kalabadhi, 338
_-kalam_ (Scholasticism), 363, 378
Kalb (tribe), 199, 405
_kalb_, 445
_Kalila and Dimna, the Book of_, 346, 363
-Kamala (title), 88
_-kamil_ (metre), 75
_-Kamil_ of Ibnu ’l-Athir, 355, 379, 429.
See _Ibnu ’l-Athir_
_-Kamil_ of -Mubarrad, 92, 131, 202, 226, 227, 237, 244, 343
_kanwakan_ (a species of verse), 450
Karbala, 196, 198, 208, 216, 218, 243, 466
Kariba’il Watar, 10
-Karkh, a quarter of Baghdad, 267, 385
_kasb_, 379
_Kashfu ’l-Zunun_, 456
_-Kashshaf_, 145
_katib_ (secretary), 257, 326
Kawadh (Sasanian), 42
Kerbogha, 446
Khadija, 148, 150, 151, 152, 153, 157
_-khafif_ (metre), 75
Khalaf, 421
Khalaf al-Ahmar, 97, 134, 293, 344
Khalid b. -Mudallil, 43
Khalid b. -Walid, 184
Khalid b. Yazid, 358
_khalifa_ (Caliph), xxvii, 175
-Khalil b. Ahmad, 75, 285, +343+
Khamir (village), 19
_-Khamriyya_, by Ibnu ’l-Farid, 396
_khamriyyat_, 294
_khanaqah_ (monastery), 229
-Khansa (poetess), 126, 127
_Kharidatu ’l-Qasr_, 348
_khariji_ (Kharijite), 209
Kharijites, the, 193, 207, +208-213+, 221, 222, 239, 248, 259, 428
Kharmaythan, 360
-Khasib, 373
_khatib_, 271
-Khatib, of Baghdad, 355
-Khatim b.‘Adi, 94, 96
-Khawarij. See _Kharijites, the_
-Khawarnaq (castle), 40, 41
-Khaybar, 50
-Khayf, 237
Khazaza, battle of, 5
-Khazraj (tribe), 170
Khedivial dynasty, the, 468
Khidash b. Zuhayr, 95, 96
Khindif, xix
_-Khitat_, by -Maqrizi, 453
Khiva, 361, 444
_Khizanatu ’l-Adab_, 131
Khuda Bukhsh, S., 279
_Khuday-nama_, 348
Khulafa al-Rashidun, xxvii.
See _Caliphs, the Orthodox_
Khurasan, xxviii, 129, 132, 220, 221, 232, 233, 239, +249+, +250+,
251, 254, 256, 258, 263, 265, 266, 275, 303, 339, 341, 379, 390,
391, 419, 444
Khurasan, dialect of, 339
_khuruj_ (secession), 209
Khusraw Parwez. See _Parwez_
_khutba_, 263, 328
Khuza‘a (tribe), 63, 64, 65
Khuzayma (tribe), xix
Khuzistan, 266, 274, 293, 358
Khwarizm, 357, 361, 444
-Khwarizmi (Abu ‘Abdallah), 361
_-kibrit al-ahmar_, 399
Kilab (tribe), 246
Kilab b. Murra, 64
_-kimiya_ (the Philosophers' Stone), 401
_Kimiya’u ’l-Sa‘adat_, 340
_-kimiya’un_ (the Alchemists), 364
Kinana (tribe), xix, 64
Kinda (tribe), xviii, 42, 43, 69, 85, 103, 104, 360
-Kïndi, 288, 360
-Kisa’i (philologist), 261, 343
Kisra (title), 45
_Kitabu ’l-Aghani_ (the Book of Songs), 19, 26, 31, +32+, 37, 43, 44,
46, 47, 53, 85, 86, 87, 88, 89, 94, 102, 104, 109, 110, 123, 124,
131, 134, 138, 139, 150, 200, 205, 216, 236, 237, 239, 241, 242,
243, 244, 245, +270+, 279, 291, 292, 297, 345, +347+, 374, +419+
Kitabu ’l-Ahkam al-Sultaniyya_, 338
Kitabu ’l-Akhbar al-Tiwal_, 349
_Kitabu ’l-Amali_, 131
_Kitabu Ansabi ’l-Ashraf_, 349
_-Kitab al-Awsat_, 353
_Kitabu ’l-‘Ayn_, 343
_Kitabu ’l-Badi‘_, 325
_Kitabu ’l-Bayan wa-’l-Tabyin_, 347
_Kitabu ’l-Falahat al-Nabatiyya_, xxv
_Kitabu Futuhi ’l-Buldan_, 349
_Kitabu ’l-Hayawan_, 346, 375
_Kitabu ’l-‘Ibar_, by Dhahabi, 339
_Kitabu ’l-‘Ibar_, by Ibn Khaldun, 437
_Kitabu, ’l-Ibil_, 345
_Kitabu ’l-Ishtiqaq_, 343
_Kitabu ’l-Kamil fi ’l-Ta’rikh_, 355.
See _-Kamil of Ibnu ’l-Athir_
_Kitabu Khalq al-Insan_, 345
_Kitabu ’l-Khayl_, 345
_Kitabu ’l-Luma‘_, 393
_Kitabu ’l-Ma‘arif_, xviii, 202, 223, 224, 345, +346+
_Kitabu ’l-Maghazi_, by Musa b. ‘Uqba, 247
_Kitabu ’l-Maghazi_, by -Waqidi, 144
_-Kitab al-Mansuri_, 265
_Kitabu ’l-Masalik wa-’l-Mamalik_, 356
_Kitabu ’l-Milal wa-’l-Nihal_, by Ibn Hazm, 341, 427, 428
_Kitabu ’l-Milal wa-’l-Nihal_, by -Shahrastani, 341.
See _-Shahrastani_
_Kitabu ’l-Muluk wa-akhbar al-Madin_, 13
_Kitabu ’l-Shi‘r wa-’l-Shu‘ara_, 75, 78, 105, 117, 257, 293, 346
_Kitabu ’l-Ta‘arruf li-Madhhabi ahli ’l-Tasawwuf_, 338
_Kitabu ’l-Tabaqat al-Kabir_, 144
_Kitabu ’l-Tanbih wa-’l-Ishraf_, 353, 354
_-Kitab al-Yamini_, 355
_Kitabu ’l-Zuhd_, 247
_Koran, the_, xvii, xx, xxii-xxv, xxvi, xxvii, 1, 2, 3, 15, 17, 18,
27, 68, 74, 91, 102, 119, 132, 134, +141-143+, 144-152, 154-156,
158, +159-168+, 169, 172, 174, +175+, +176+, 178, 179, 183, 184,
185, 187, 192, 201, 203, 207-212, 215, 221, 223, 225, 231, 234,
+235+, 237, 247, 249, 273, 277, 278, 279, 282, 284, 287, 294, 318,
327, 329, 330, 342, 343, 344, 363, 365, 368, 369, 375, 378, 379,
397, 398, 403, 408, 417, 433, 449, 454, 455, 460, 461, 462, 463,
467
_Koran, the_, derivation of, 159;
collection of, 142;
historical value of, 143;
arrangement of, 143, 161;
style of, 159, 318, 368;
not poetical as a whole, 160;
held by Moslems to be the literal Word of God, 159, 235;
heavenly archetype of, 151, 163, 368;
revelation of, 150-152, 159;
designed for oral recitation, 161;
commentaries on, 144, 145, 351, 455;
imitations of, 318, 368, 375;
dispute as to whether it was created or not, 262, 368, 369
Koran-readers (_-qurra_), the, 209, 210, 277
Kosegarten, 128
Krehl, L., 151, 360
Kremer, Alfred von, 13, 14, 18, 19, 23, 24, 101, 139, 140, 220, 221,
225, 233, 279, 281, 302, 304, 316, 318, 321, 323, 324, 360, 373,
379, 383, 399, 439