C. C. CLAY, JR., SURRENDERS TO GENERAL WILSON
Upon leaving the home of General Toombs, we proceeded directly to that
of Senator Hill, where shortly were gathered ex-Secretary of our Navy
and Mrs. Mallory, Mr. and Mrs. Semmes, of Louisiana, and Senator
Wigfall. We were an anxious circle, our hearts heavy with the constantly
increasing testimony to our great disaster, and our minds alert to
measure the ways and means of our future course. My husband and Mr.
Wigfall had already determined to seek the other side of the
Mississippi, there to join the gallant Kirby Smith, and make a last
stand for our cause; or, if needs must be, to press on to Texas. Day by
day disturbing news reached us concerning the whereabouts of Mr. Davis
and his party, now making their sorry flight toward the coast of
Florida, fugitives from the Federal authorities.
A Northerner would have found us a wonderful nest of “rebels,” could he
have looked in upon the group that one evening surrounded the table in
the library of the Hill residence, upon which was spread the map of
Georgia. The gentlemen were seated, the ladies standing behind them.
Every eye was bent upon the road which our host was pointing out.
“If Davis would take this route”—and Mr. Hill’s finger traced the way
upon the diagram before us, “if he keeps to it without any detour
whatsoever, he will get away,” he declared. “If he turns aside a step or
lingers an hour he is lost! If he crosses the river there”—and our host,
who knew the topography of his State by heart, paused as he marked the
spot, “no one can take him!”
Not a member of that circle but was tense in his or her desire that our
chief should be spared the ignominy and pain of capture. The magnanimity
of Senator Wigfall, whose antagonism to President Davis had caused a
profound concern in Richmond in this hour of the Confederacy’s downfall,
was especially marked.
To the present, none of those assembled at the hospitable Hill home had
reason to apprehend a personal danger from the conquering party. The
meeting had taken place at Appomattox which, more than victories gained,
has made the name of Grant immortal. The Northern General had received
the proffer of Lee’s sword, and peace had been proclaimed. By the terms
made we had some little reason to be optimistic as to our future,
despite the peopling of our Southern cities with Union soldiers. The
developments of one fateful day, however, unveiled to us the actual
perils we were yet to face.
As I have said, my husband and Mr. Wigfall had practically completed
their arrangements to leave Lagrange and strike for the Mississippi. It
was my expectation, thereupon, to return to our parents’ home in
Huntsville. The day agreed upon for my departure approached. At the
request of my husband, I drove to the cars to ascertain what currency
would be required to take me to Macon, whence I was to proceed at once
to Alabama. In company with Henrietta Hill and her little brother, I
drove to the station in time to see the afternoon train pull in. As it
swept into the city with a shrill scream, it was crowded with men and
women of both races; so overcrowded, rather, that many clung to the
platforms. There were shouts and a general Babel, which I did not
understand, and, as debarkation began, to these was added the bedlam of
drunken laughter. When as near to the cars as the carriage would permit,
I directed Benny Hill to go forward to the conductor and ask “What
currency is needed to get to Macon?”
The man seemed to understand that I had prompted the question, and
called to me, “Gold or greenbacks, Madam?” Then, not waiting for my
reply, he hastened to add the news, “Macon has been surrendered by
General Howell Cobb to the Federals, General Wilson commanding. Atlanta,
as you know, is in the hands of the Yankees, Colonel Eggleston in
charge!”
This was disappointing news to me, as I had but little gold and a peck
of Confederate paper, which was not likely to carry me far under
reported conditions. I waited until the crowd had thinned out somewhat,
and then questioned the man further.
“Is there any other news than that of the proclamation for Mr. Davis’s
arrest?” I asked. His reply astounded me.
“Yes, Madam!” he said; “$100,000[43] is offered for Clement C. Clay, of
Alabama.” A trembling seized me. I don’t know how I made my way to the
carriage. Before I was fairly seated I saw Colonel Philip Phillips, at
this time a resident of Lagrange, coming toward us. In his hands he held
a journal. Quickly reaching the carriage, he handed me the paper, and,
pointing to the despatch, which contained the proclamation, he said, “Go
home quickly and give this to Mr. Clay!”
Scarcely aware of what I did, I ordered the coachman to drive back at
once, forgetting in the excitement of the moment to invite the Colonel
to accompany me. Arriving at the Hill residence, I met my hostess almost
at the door.
“Please ask the gentlemen to come to us!” I said faintly, “I have
important news!” and I hastened upstairs.
I found Mr. Clay sitting quietly, deep in the conning of a thick volume.
It was Burton’s “Anatomy of Melancholy,” ever a favourite with him. It
lay open on his knee, steadied with one hand; the other, as was a habit
with my husband, was stroking his beard, absentmindedly. Before I could
summon my voice to utter the terrible news, the others of the party had
hastened upstairs. Handing the fatal paper to Senator Hill, I cried,
half-hysterically, “For God’s sake, read that!”
As Mr. Hill read the proclamation aloud, everyone was silent. Senator
Semmes was the first to break the silence that followed the reading.
“Fly for your life, Clay!” he said, “The town is full of men from two
disbanded armies, any of whom would be tempted by such a sum. Take no
chances!” Then all at once everyone but my husband began to talk
excitedly. As the meaning of the despatch broke upon him, Mr. Clay
blanched a moment, but at Mr. Semmes’s urgings he spoke.
“Fly?” he said, slowly, like one recovering from a blow, “from what?”
Mr. Semmes’s answer came drily.
“From death, I fear!” he said. My husband turned inquiringly to the
others. Secretary Mallory, seeing the unspoken question in his face,
answered it.
“I don’t know what to say, Clay! One hundred thousand dollars is a
glittering bribe to half-starved soldiers!” He had scarcely spoken when
a knock was heard. Alarmed by the thought that some renegade was already
come to arrest my husband, I flew to the door and locked it. As I did
so, Senator Hill was beside me, and I remember the forceful feeling with
which he spoke, even as the click of the key sounded.
“By the eternal God, Clay!” he said. “The man who dares cross my
threshold to arrest you, falls on it.”
Fortunately our fears were groundless, for in a moment we heard the
word, “Phillips!” and, upon opening the door, the Colonel quickly
entered. His calm bearing was a relief to us. Some one at once put the
question to him, “What do you think Clay ought to do?”
“What does Mr. Clay think he should do?” was Colonel Phillips’s reply.
My husband was prompt to answer:
“As I am conscious of my innocence, my judgment is that I should at once
surrender to the nearest Federal authorities!” he said.
At this announcement I could not restrain my sobs. I doubt not I
troubled him much by my tears and pleadings. I begged him hysterically
to fly; I would join him anywhere if he would but escape. But my ever
patient husband only answered, as he tried to calm me, “Virginia! my
wife! Would you have me fly like an assassin?”
I could say no more, but only listen, between the crowding fears and
terrors that seized me, while those about discussed the wording of a
telegram which, a short time afterward, Colonel Phillips carried to the
telegraph office. It ran thus:
“_Bt. Major-General Wilson, United States Army_: Seeing the
proclamation of the President of the United States, I go to-day with
the Honourable P. Phillips, to deliver myself to your custody.
C. C. CLAY, Jr.”
I think this resolute act, and the preparation of a letter which was
immediately written to the same general, relieved my husband, for he was
instantly calmer. For myself, I felt that he had signed his own death
warrant. During the succeeding hours, the entire household was in
consultation. Having decided to proceed to Macon by the early train the
next morning, Mr. Clay retired and slept, to my surprise, as peacefully
as a child, though I, less fortunate, watched and wondered at his
calmness.
Early the following morning we left Lagrange, accompanied by Colonel
Phillips. The world appeared very strange and worthless to me as the
train hastened on to Atlanta, where a change of cars was necessary. We
found that city a pandemonium; soldiers patrolling the streets, drums
beating, and vans, loaded with furniture, moving up and down the
avenues. In our desire to proceed as rapidly as possible we accosted a
soldier.
“Where is Colonel Eggleston?” Colonel Phillips asked.
“There he is, within ten feet of you!” was the reply. The Colonel
thereupon approached the officer in command and said to him, “I have a
distinguished friend here, Mr. Clement C. Clay, of Alabama, who is on
his way voluntarily to surrender himself.”
On hearing my husband’s name, Colonel Eggleston approached us and held
out his hand, saying: “Is it possible, Mr. Clay, you are the man who is
making such a stir in the land? I am not surprised at your surrender. I
knew your record through my Senators, Pugh and Pendleton, of Ohio.
You’ve done the right thing, sir, and I hope you’ll soon be a free man.”
Mr. Clay, surprised at the Federal Colonel’s magnanimity, turned and
presented him to me. He extended his hand. I took it. It was the first
Yankee hand I had touched since we had left Minnesota, four years
before. The Colonel assured us it was impossible for us to proceed that
night to Macon. “It will be best for you,” he said, “to spend the night
at the Kimball House. But the city is in a tumult, and, as Mrs. Clay is
with you, I will have a guard that you may not be disturbed.” When we
were ready to retire, two soldiers appeared, with muskets in hand, and
took their stand, one at each side of our chamber door, where they
remained until the next morning.
Shortly after breakfast, Colonel Eggleston presented himself. His manner
was courteous. “As times are so turbulent,” he said, “I think it best
that I should detail a guard to accompany you to Macon; that is,” he
added, “unless you object.” Upon Mr. Clay’s assurance that the guard
would not be unpleasant to us, the General presented Lieutenant Keck, a
young officer, who, during the conversation, had been standing near.
Thereupon the Lieutenant attached himself to our party and we boarded
the car for Macon. Throughout the trip our guard behaved with
undeviating consideration, and this, under trying circumstances; for,
the wires flashing the news about the country, many of the stations
along the road were crowded with friends, who, when they saw us, uttered
expressions of intensest regret, even urging my husband to fly. On more
than one occasion, so considerate was Lieutenant Keck’s conduct, that he
allowed Mr. Clay to leave the car, unguarded.
During that journey the young officer addressed me but twice; the first
time to offer me a glass of water, and the second to tell me a piece of
news that shocked me in double force. As we approached Macon, my husband
had endeavoured to prepare me for whatever the future might hold for us.
He was a prisoner, he said, and though self-surrendered, I must not be
alarmed if we should find a phalanx of soldiers waiting us at the depot.
The picture thus conjured had already made me sick at heart, when my
husband, excusing himself, went forward into the next car for a few
moments. A short time afterward Lieutenant Keck appeared. Approaching me
he said, with some hesitation, “Mrs. Clay, I have some sad news for
you!”
My husband’s previous words suddenly rushed over me. He had been
preparing me for something he knew but dared not tell me! In a moment,
in my mind’s eye, I saw a gibbet. “Great God,” I cried. “What is it?
Will they hang my husband?”
“Don’t be frightened, Mrs. Clay,” our guard answered. “Don’t cry! Your
chief was arrested yesterday!”
“My chief,” I echoed. “You mean General Lee?”
“No!” was his response, “Mr. Davis! He is now at the Lanier House, in
Macon!” The loosening of the tension to which I first had been keyed was
so great that I was scarcely able to utter a comment, nor had I
recovered from the shock when the train pulled into Macon.
Notwithstanding my husband’s brave counsels, the news of Mr. Davis’s
arrest added a hundredfold to our depression. When I told Colonel
Phillips and Mr. Clay, who shortly returned, my husband’s face grew
graver. “If that is true,” he said, “my surrender was a mistake. We
shall both perish!”
In an indistinct way I felt my husband to be right; and surely after
events demonstrated how nearly truly he had prophesied. The almost
instantaneous appearance of Mr. Clay and Mr. Davis as prisoners produced
a confusion in the press statements and telegrams that flew over the
country, and coloured the feeling of the public to such an extent that
those in high places who were seeking sacrificial victims were enabled,
without exciting a protest, to overlook the fact that Mr. Clay, scorning
arrest, had confidently and voluntarily committed himself into the
Government’s hands, to court its fullest investigation. “The arrest of
Clement C. Clay,” was the heading under which my husband’s courageous
act was buried in so far as it might be; and so generally was the fact
of his voluntary surrender overlooked, that a Southern historian, whose
books have been circulated among schools, took up the phrase and
incorporated it among the “historic” facts which children con.
Arrived at Macon, we found a single transfer wagon at the station. To
this we were conducted, and our party of four, with our grips and
valises, completely filled the vehicle. As we drove away from the
station I felt much as must have felt the poor wretches in the French
Revolution as they sat in the tumbrels that bore them to the guillotine.
We drove at once to the residence of our friends, Colonel and Mrs.
Whittle, whence Colonel Phillips proceeded to General Wilson’s
headquarters to deliver my husband’s letter announcing his surrender. It
was a beautiful afternoon. The trees were in full foliage and the air
delicious with sweet odours of Southern blossoms. Dusk was approaching
as, without previous announcement, we drove up to the Whittle home. The
family were seated on the veranda. With them was our brother, J. Withers
Clay. As they recognised us they rushed down the steps to meet us, full
of eager questioning.
“What does it mean?” they cried. “Why have you come here?” and every eye
was full when my husband answered, “I have surrendered to the United
States Government. Allow me to present my guard, Lieutenant Keck!” Never
shall I forget how dear Mrs. Whittle (who was slightly deaf), with eyes
full of tears, reached out her hand to that representative of our
triumphant antagonists, as if, by a forbearing kindness, she would
bespeak his favour for my husband.
As we entered the house, we were all in tears, and Colonel Phillips,
glad of an excuse to leave the painful scene, hastened to deliver his
message to the General in command. Returning in the course of an hour,
he reported General Wilson as approving Mr. Clay’s course. He sent word
that he was awaiting instructions in regard to Mr. Davis’s party, “Whom,
I presume, you will accompany. Meanwhile, I request that you will not
talk of the surrender!” He further directed that Lieutenant Keck be sent
immediately to him. I think this young soldier had a tender heart, for,
seemingly touched at our sorrowful situation, he lingered about a moment
as if unwilling to leave us without a farewell. Seeing his hesitation, I
offered him my hand and thanked him for his humane treatment of my
husband, which, I assured him, I should ever remember. If his eyes, or
those of others to whom he was dear should see this acknowledgment they
will know I did not speak lightly.
General Wilson’s request was scrupulously observed by us, and though
friends came in numbers to sympathise with us and encourage us, we were
silent on the forbidden topic of my husband’s surrender. A day or two
later, word came that we must hold ourselves in readiness to leave
Macon. Meantime, I had addressed a note to General Wilson, begging that
I might be allowed to accompany my husband on his journey to his
destination, wherever it might be. The Commanding General promptly
acceded to my request, though, he assured me, the trip before us would
be a rough and disagreeable one, and advised me to consider well before
I took it.
Of course, I was not to be deterred. I made instant preparation for the
journey. My available wardrobe was small, being limited to a few
Perodi’s (which in those days served the same purpose as the shirt-waist
of 1900) and a rusty black skirt, a veritable war-relic; but my friends
in Macon, knowing the impossibility of getting my own possessions
together, quickly came to the rescue. The results of their generosity
were not in all cases strictly what donor or recipient might have
wished, from the point of view of fashion or art. For example, Mrs.
Lucius Mirabeau Lamar sent me a treasured foulard silk gown, of a pretty
brown and white pattern; but she, being both shorter and stouter than I,
the fit was not one that even the deliberately courteous would have
ventured to call a good one; nevertheless, I received it gratefully and
courageously adapted it to serve as travelling attire. Mrs. William D.
Johnston, too, sister of our loved General Tracy, likewise urged a gift
upon me of several changes of Parisian _lingerie_, which she had but
just acquired. With this borrowed finery (which afterward carried its
own penalty) stowed in my valise, when the announcement of the time
appointed for our departure came to us, it found me ready.
It was set for the late afternoon. We arrived at the railway station a
half-hour before train time. At the last, we hastened away from the
friends whose sorrow and sympathy threatened to disturb the composure it
was so necessary to preserve against our coming ordeals. We were
surprised to find the city in a kind of uproar. Cavalry clattered
through the streets and gazing sight-seers thronged the sidewalks. Our
passage to the station proceeded without mishap or adventure of any
kind; nevertheless, we had scarcely alighted from our carriage when,
looking back, up the street we saw a company of cavalrymen approaching.
There was an increasing activity in the gathered crowds, which were
composed of silent citizens of Macon, elbowed by Freedmen and Union
soldiers, who lounged among them.
As the cavalry approached the station, the significance of the scene
became plain to us. They were a guard, flanking on each side an old
“jimber-jawed, wobble-sided” barouche, drawn by two raw-boned horses. In
the strange vehicle were seated Mr. and Mrs. Davis. Mr. Davis was
dressed in a full suit of Confederate grey, including the hat, but his
face was yet more ashen than was his garb. Behind them, completing the
pitiful cortège, came a carryall, in which were Miss Howell, the Davis
little ones and nurses; and, as the procession drove by, the alien and
motley crowd along the walks yelled and hooted in derision. But not
all—one heartless Union soldier tried the patience of a sorrowful
“rebel” onlooker.
“Hey, Johnny Reb,” shouted the first, “we’ve got your President!”
“And the devil’s got yours!” was the swift reply.
As the procession arrived at the station, two soldiers approached Mr.
and Mrs. Davis, and escorted them at once to the cars. The interest of
everyone for the moment being centred on the party of the late
President, my excitement grew. Wild thoughts filled my mind. I could not
restrain them. “Oh! if they would only forget you!” I said impetuously,
to my husband. Alas! scarcely had I uttered the words when two guards
approached. “This is Mr. Clay, I presume?” and with a hasty farewell to
our kind friends, the Whittles, we were soon aboard the cars.
As we entered, Mr. Davis rose and embraced me.
“This is a sad meeting, Jennie!” he said, as he offered me a seat beside
him, for Mrs. Davis and my husband, already deep in conversation, had
established themselves nearby. As I seated myself I became aware that
the car had filled up with soldiers. I heard the doors slam, and the
command, “Order arms!” and in the dull thud of their muskets as the
butts struck the floor, I realised for the first time that we were
indeed prisoners, and of the nation!