O
Oddities of Horncastle, 160, 161.
Organ, fine, of parish church, 36.
Ortiay, Henry del, tenure by spurs, 180, 181, 203.
Ouseley, Sir F. Gore, of Wesley family, 64 and note.
Oven, public, 134 and note.
Overseer, a woman appointed, 188.
P
Paganell, Ranulph de, 177.
Palfreyman, of Horncastle, 52.
Palmer, Rev. E. R. H. G., 184.
Pancake bell, 34.
Paynell, 178.
Penance done in church, 186.
Pilgrimage of Grace, 47, 48.
Pingle, field name, 191.
Plague, 188, 191.
Plesington, Henry, Knt., 187.
Primitive Methodists, sect of, 71, 77.
,, chapel described, 72.
Publichouses, 161-164.
,, now gone, 162, 163, 164.
Q
Quarrington, Canon E. F., late Vicar, window to, 37.
Queen's Head Inn, murder at, 162.
R
Raengeires, British leader, 9.
Railway, 130-132.
,, opening ceremony of, 131, 132.
Ravennas, Geographer, 5 and note.
Rayne, Bishop's Chancellor, slain, 48.
Rennie, Mr. John, Engineer, 209.
Rhodes, Gerard de, 184, 203.
,, Ralph de, 12, 17, 18, 19, 180, 184, 191, 192, 200, 203, 206.
Rinder, Mr. Joseph, 178.
River names, celtic, 1.
Rivett, Mr. John, 70.
Robber taking refuge in church, 45.
Robinson, Miss, and Queen's dresses, 157, 158.
,, Rev. John, 78-80.
Rolleston, Edward, Esq., 186.
,, family, 186.
Rolston, Edward, 187.
Roman coffins, 7, 8.
,, coins, 4.
,, commanders, 3, 5.
,, milestone, 5.
,, pipes, 8.
,, pottery, 6, 7, 134 and note.
,, roads, 5, 6.
,, tomb at Thimbleby, 174.
,, urns, 6.
,, walls, 6.
,, wells, 6.
Rose, Rev. W., 82, 83.
Ross, Sir John, 156.
Round House, the (prison), 135.
Roughton, 188.
,, church described, 188.
,, plague at, 188.
Rushton, "Aty," 160.
,, Thomas, fisherman, 160.
S
Salt, a property, 182.
Sanctuary in church, right of, 45.
Sapcote, Sir Richard, 186.
Savile, 22, 25, 26.
Saxon conquerors, 9.
,, minstrel pillar, 199.
Schofield, John, marries bishop's daughter, 157.
Science and Art School, 112.
,, great efficiency of, 114.
,, lectures on special subjects, 115-118.
,, origin of, 112.
,, teachers of, 114, 115.
Scrope family, 20.
Scott, Sir Gilbert, at Horncastle, 134.
Scythes in church, probable history of, 41 and note.
,, engraving of, 48.
Scythe fair, 164.
Sessions House, former, 135.
Sewer, common for drain, 190 and note.
Sharp, Rev. W. Heneage, 154.
Shepherd, Capt., "old salt," 156.
Ship-money, complaint of, temp. Charles I, 14.
Skynner, family of, 169.
Slated house, first in Horncastle, 164.
Smith, Captain, Surgeon, 157.
,, Dr. J. Bainbridge of Grammar School, 93, 95, 99, 101.
Snowden, Bishop of Carlisle, 30.
,, Rutland, "delinquent," 54.
,, ,, benefactor to Horncastle, 54.
,, ,, among Lincolnshire gentry, 55.
Socmen, bordars, and villeins, 183 and note.
Somercotes, Sir William, 187.
Southey, Rev. T. C., Curate, 62.
Southwell, Miss Trafford, 202.
Spinning School, 134 and note.
Spranger, Dr. R., 186.
,, Chancellor, 186.
Spurrier, Rev. H., 189.
,, H. C. M., 189.
Spurs, tenure by, 181, 203.
Stanhope family, 31.
,, J. Banks, Esq., 192.
,, Memorial, 136, 137.
Swedenborg, Emanuel, 86.
T
Tailboys, Sir Walter, 181.
Taillebois, family of, 206.
Tanning formerly chief trade of Horncastle, 53.
Tennyson, A., and brother married in Horncastle, 44, 162.
Thatched publichouse, by will, 164.
Theft from St. Mary's Church, 42 and note, 47, 48.
Theleby, 208.
Thief to catch thieves, 161.
Thimbleby, 165-176.
,, church described, 175, 176.
,, engraving of, 171.
Thornton-le-Fen, 210.
,, Church, 210.
,, School, 210.
Thornton family, 210.
Three Maids' Inn, 164.
Thymelby family, 24, 25, 168, 181.
Tibetot, Robert, 12, 19, 20.
Tom Cat Inn, 164.
Toynton, High, 180-184.
,, ,, Church, 181, 182.
,, Low, 184-188.
,, ,, Church, 184-186.
,, ,, ,, engraving of, 185.
Trafford, W. H., Esq., 191, 202.
Train-bands, arms of, 14.
Trinity Church Horncastle, 57-60.
,, engraving of, 59.
Trunyan's, light of, our Lady's light, &c., 44, 45.
Tumby Chase, 202.
Turner and Cato Street Conspiracy, 155, 156.
,, Sir Edmund, 184.
Tymelby, Ivo de, 207.
Tyrwhitt, Douglas, a lady, 52.
,, old county family, 29, 208.
U
Umfraville, Earl of Angus, 168, 181.
Union, the, or workhouse, 133-135.
Union, early laws concerning paupers, 133, 134.
V
Volunteers, history of, 145-148.
,, Drill Hall, 148-150.
,, practiced on Edlington Road, 162.
W
Walter, Rev. H., B.D., _History of England_, 64.
Waring, river name, meaning "rough," 2.
Watson's Free School, 108-111.
,, property of, 110.
,, Governors, original, 110 and note.
Well-syke, field and wood name, 190 and note.
Wesley, John, 65-67.
,, Charles, 65.
Wesleyan, sect of, 64-71.
,, Chapel, 70.
,, ,, engraving of, 65.
,, circuits, 66.
,, centenary, 71.
Whelpton Almshouses, 142-144.
Whichcote, Clinton, of Coningsby, 207.
Wildmore Fen added to Horncastle, 209.
Wilksby, 207.
,, Church, 208.
Williams, Thomas, missionary, 69, 70.
Willoughby, William de, and family, 167.
,, de Eresby, Lord, 204.
Winchester, Bishop of, held land in Coningsby, 206.
Wood Enderby, 201-203.
,, Church, 201, 202.
Workhouse, before Union, 134.
,, village, 134.
Y
Young Churchmen's Union, 63.
Z
Zouch, Eudo la, bequest to, 197.
* * * * *
Printed by W. K. Morton & Sons, Ltd., 27, High Street, Horncastle.
Footnotes:
{0} His father, for about 12 months, occupied the house in North Street,
of late years known as the "Red House," distinguished, it is said, as
being the only house in the town having a front door of mahogany.
{1a} Mr. Jeans, in his _Handbook for Lincolnshire_, p. 142, says "the
Roman station (here) probably utilized an existing British settlement."
{1b} _Words and Places_, p. 13, note. Ed. 1873.
{1c} There are probably traces of British hill-forts in the
neighbourhood, as on Hoe hill, near Holbeck, distant 4 miles, also
probably at Somersby, Ormsby, and several other places.
{1d} In the name of the near village of Edlington we have probably a
trace of the mystic Druid, _i.e._ British, deity Eideleg, while in
Horsington we may have the Druid sacred animal. Olivers' _Religious
Houses_, Appendix, p. 167.
{2a} _Words and Places_, p. 130.
{2b} The meadow which now lies in the angle formed by the junction of
the Bain and Waring at Horncastle is still called "The Holms," which is
Danish for "islands."
{2c} The name Bain, slightly varied, is not uncommon. There is the
Bannon, or Ban-avon ("avon" also meaning "river"), in Pembrokeshire; the
Ban in Co. Wexford, Bana in Co. Down, Banney (_i.e._ Ban-ea, "ea" also
meaning water) in Yorkshire, Bain in Herefordshire; Banavie (avon) is a
place on the brightly running river Lochy in Argyleshire; and, as meaning
"white," a fair-haired boy or girl is called in Gaelic "Bhana."
{2d} The name Waring (G commonly representing the modern W) is found in
the Yarrow, and Garry in Scotland, the Geirw, a rough mountain stream, at
Pont-y-glyn, in North Wales, and in the Garonne in France.
{2e} _Ars Poetica_, l 59.
{2f} An account of this urn is given by the late Bishop Trollope, with
an engraving of it, in the _Architectural Society's Journal_, vol. iv, p.
200.
{2g} _De Bella Gallico_, bk. v, ch. 12-14.
{2h} Some idea of the extent of these forests, even in later times, may
be formed from the account given by De la Prime (_Philosophical
Transactions_, No. 75, p. 980) who says "round about the skirts of the
wolds are found infinite millions of the roots and bodies of trees of
great size." Pliney tells us that the Britons had "powerful mastiffs"
for hunting the wild boar, and Manwood in an old _Treatise on Forest
Laws_ (circa 1680) states (p. 60) that the finest mastiffs were bred in
Lincolnshire. Fuller, in his _Worthies of England_ (p. 150) mentions
that a Dutchman (circa 1660) coming to England for sport, spent a whole
season in pursuit of wild game "in Lincolniensi montium tractu," by which
doubtless were intended the wolds. A writer in the _Archaeological
Journal_ (June, 1846) says "the whole country of the Coritani (_i.e._
Lincolnshire, Leicestershire, &c.) was then, and long after, a dense
forest." The name "Coritani," or more properly Coitani, is the Roman
adaptation of the British "Coed," a wood, which still survives in Wales
in such place-names as "Coed Coch," the red wood, "Bettws y Coed," the
chapel in the wood, &c. This was their distinguishing characteristic to
the Roman, they were wood-men.
{3} To the skill and bravery in war of the Britons Caesar bears
testimony. He says, "They drive their chariots in all directions,
throwing their spears, and by the fear of their horses and the noise of
their wheels they disturb the ranks of their enemies; when they have
forced their way among the troops they leap down and fight on foot. By
constant practice they acquire such skill that they can stop, turn, and
guide their horses when at full speed and in the most difficult ground.
They can run along the chariot pole, sit on the collar and return with
rapidity into the chariot, by which novel mode (he says) his men were
much disturbed." ("Novitate pugnae perturbati.") _De Bella Gallico_,
lib. iv, c, 33, 34.
{5a} An account of this milestone is given by the late Precentor
Venables, in his _Walks through the Streets of Lincoln_, two Lectures,
published by J. W. Ruddock, 253, High Street, Lincoln.
{5b} Stukeley, _Itinerarium curiosum_, p. 28; Weir's _History of
Horncastle_, p. 4, ed. 1820; Saunders' _History_, vol. ii, p. 90, ed.
1834; Bishop Trollope, _Architectural Society's Journal_, vol. iv, p.
199, &c.
{5c} Ravennas, whose personal name is not known (that term merely
meaning a native of Ravenna), was an anonymous geographer, who wrote a
_Chorography of Britian_, as well as of several other countries, about
A.D. 650. These were confessedly compilations from older authorities,
and were, two centuries later, revised by Guido of Ravenna, and doubtless
by others at a later period still, since the work, in its existent form
describes the Saxons and Danes, as well, in Britain. As Gallio, also of
Ravenna, was the last Roman general in command in these parts, it has
been suggested that he was virtually the original author (Horsley's
_Britannia_, 1732, chap. iv., p. 489; also _The Dawn of Modern
Geography_, by C. Raymond Beazley, M.A., F.R.G.S., 1897, J. Murray).
Messrs. Pinder and Parthey published an edition of _Ravennas_, _or the
Ravennese Geographer_, as did also Dr. Gale.
{5e} _Life of Agricola_ c. xxxi.
{6a} This is a thoroughly provincial word for highway or turnpike. It
is of course a corruption of "Rampart," a fortified passage. In the
marsh districts the main roads are called "rampires." See Brogden's
_Provincial Words_.
{6b} The name Baumber, again, also written Bam-burgh, means a "burgh,"
or fortress on the Bain, which runs through that parish.
{7a} These urns are fully described with an engraving of them in vol.
iv, pt. ii, of the _Architectural Society's Journal_, by the late Bishop
Dr. E. Trollope.
{7b} _Architect. S. Journal_, iv, ii, p. 201.
{8} Gough, _Sepulchral Monuments_, Introduction, p. 59, says "coffins of
lead and wood are believed to have been used by the Romans in Britain."
{9} The first Danish incursions into England were in A.D. 786 and 787,
specially in Lincolnshire in 838. In 869 was fought the decisive battle
of Threckingham in this county, which made the Danes paramount. The name
Threckingham is said to be derived from the fact that 3 kings were slain
in this battle, but we believe this to be an error, and that the place
was the residence, the "ham" of the Threcginghas.
{10} The prefix "Horn" is also found in Holbeach Hurn, an angular
headland on the south coast of Lincolnshire. In the monkish Latin of old
title deeds, we also find the patronymic Hurne, Hearne, &c., represented
by its equivalent "de angulo," _i.e._ "of the corner."
{11a} Dr. Mansell Creighton, late Bishop of London. _Essays_, edited by
Louisa Creighton, 1904, pp. 278-9.
{11b} The palace of the Bishop was on the site of the present Manor
House.
{11c} Dugdale, vol. ii, p. 336. _Monast. Angl._, vol. ii, p. 646.
{12a} Hundred Rolls, Lincoln, No. 14, m. 1.
{12b} Hundred Rolls, Lincoln, No 14, m. 1, 3 Edward I., 1274-5.
{12c} This sale was confirmed by the King, as shewn by a Charter Roll,
14 Henry III., pt. i, m. 12 3 Ed. I., 1274-5.
{12d} Patent Roll, 14 Richard II., pt. i, m. 3. A.D. 1390.
{12e} Patent Roll, 6 Edward VI., pt. iii, m. 1.
{12f} Patent Roll, 1 Mary, pt. 8, m 2, (44) 28 Nov., 1553.
{12g} Memoirs of Sir Henry Fynes Clinton. _Annual Register_, 1772, p.
2.
{12h} Coram Rege Roll, Portsmouth, April 20, 14 Chas. II.
{13a} Exchequer Bills and Answers, 11 Charles V., Lincoln, No. 185.
{13b} The carucate varied in different parts of the country, in
Lincolnshire it was 120 acres. Gelt was a land tax, first imposed by the
Danes in the reign of Ethelred, about A.D. 991, being 2s. on the
carucate. Villeins and bordars were under-tenants of two different
classes, bordars being superior to villeins. (Introd. _Domesday Book_,
by C. Gowen Smith, 1870).
{13c} Barristers are said to have been first appointed by Edward I.,
A.D. 1291.
{16a} Among the Lincoln Cathedral Charters is an imperfect one, which
mentions her "Castle of Tornegat (can this be a corruption for
Horncastle?), her land at Wicham in Chent (Kent?), at Carlton and Torleby
(Thurlby) in Lincolnshire," _Architectural Society's Journal_, 1901, p.
22. There is a notice of her in the _Dictionary of National Biography_,
vol. I.
{16b} This Geoffrey Gairmar is himself rather an interesting figure in
local history. He is mentioned in the Rolls Series, 91, i, ii (Ed. Hardy
and Martin, 1888-9), as the author of _L'estorie des Engles_, a rhyming
chronicle, based chiefly on the _Anglo-Saxon Chronicle_, and Geoffrey of
Monmouth (between A.D. 1135 and 1147). He undertook his work at the
request of Custance, wife of Ralph Fitz Gilbert; the latter held the
manor of Scampton near Lincoln, and Geoffrey was probably a Norman who
lived in that parish. He quotes _The Book of Washingborough_ and _The
Lay of Haveloc the Dane_, relating to Grimsby. He does not directly
mention Horncastle, but shews acquaintance with the neighbourhood by
celebrating the burial of King Ethelred at Bardney.
{16c} Camden's _Britannia_, pp. 45, 288, 529.
{16d} _History of Lincoln_, 1816, p. 138.
{16e} Camden, p. 88. A Lincoln Chancery Inquisition (Oct. 31, 1503)
shows that on the death of Anne, daughter and heir of Edmund Cheney,
owning the manors of Tothill, Gayton, Riston, and Theddlethorpe, Robert
Willoughby, Lord Broke, was declared to be her kinsman and heir.
{16f} Dugdale, vol. ii, p. 336. D. Mon, ii, p. 646. (_Architectural
Society's Journal_, 1895, p. 23).
{17a} Dugdale _Baronage_, p. 39.
{17b} Hundred Rolls, Lincoln, No 14, m. 1, 3 Ed. I., A.D., 1274-5. A
Pipe Roll also, 1 Richard I., A.D. 1189-90, mentions "Gerbod de Escalt as
paying a tale of 80 pounds in Horncastre."
{17c} Feet of Fines, Lincoln, 37 Henry III., No. 36 (3 Nov. 1252), and
ditto, No. 38, same date. Gerard de Rhodes is also named in a
Chancellor's Roll, 3 John, A.D. 1201-1, as paying certain fees for
Horncastle. He is also named in the document above quoted (Hundred
Rolls, Lincoln, 14, m. 1) as succeeding to the manor on the demise of
Gerbald de Escald.
{17d} Feet of Fines, 9 Henry III., No. 52, Lincoln.
{18a} Quo Warranto Roll, 9 Ed. I., 15 June, 1281, quoted _Lincolnshire
Notes & Queries_, vol. v, p. 216.
{18b} Coram Rege Roll, 13 Ed. I., m. 10, 12 May, 1285. _Lincs. Notes &
Queries_, pp. 219-20.
{18c} The transfer of the manor to the bishop is further proved by a
Carlisle document, a chancery inquisition post mortem, dated Dec. 11,
1395, which states that a certain John Amery, owner of a messuage in the
parish "by fealty and the service of 16d. of rent, by the year, holds of
the Bishop of Carlisle, and the said Bishop holds of the King."
{18d} The bishops of those days were sportsmen. It is recorded of a
Bishop of Ely that he rode to the Cathedral "with hawk on wrist," and
left it in the cloister while doing "God's service." There it was stolen
and he solemnly excommunicated the thief. Aukenleck MS., temp. Ed. II.,
British Museum. The extensive woods in the soke of Horncastle abounded
in game, as we have already shown by the tolls charged on roebuck, hares,
&c., brought into the town. The punishment for killing a wild boar,
without the king's licence, was the loss of both eyes. These ferae
naturae became extinct about A.D. 1620.
{18e} These and other privileges granted to the Bishop are first
specified in a Cartulary Roll, 14-15 Henry III.; they are renewed in a
Memoranda Roll of 4 Ed. III.; again in the 25th year of Henry VI., and
further in a Roll attested by Charles II., in his court at Westminster,
Feb. 26, 1676. The August Fair was, in late years, altered by the Urban
Council to begin on the 2nd Monday in the month, and to end on the
following Thursday, it really however begins on the previous Thursday.
{19a} Roll 104, Hilary Term, 24 Ed. III. (1350). County Placita,
Lincoln, No. 46.
{19b} De Banco Roll, Michaelmas, 41 Ed. III., m. 621, Aug. 3, 1368,
Lincoln.
{19c} Coram Rege Roll, Trinity, 13 Ed. I., m. 10, Westminster, 12 May,
1285. Given in _Lincolnshire Notes & Queries_, vol. v., p. 220.
{20a} Patent Roll, 14 Richard II., pt. 2, m. 47, 8 Dec., 1390. _Lincs.
Notes & Queries_, vol. v., p. 221.
{20b} Fuller's _Church History of Britain_, vol. i, pp. 240, 242.
{20c} Camden's _Britannia_, p. 484.
{20d} Camden's _Britannia_, p. 522.
{20e} _Ibid_, p. 978. The name of Tibetot may possibly still survive in
the family of Tibbot, who till quite recently held the manor of Thimbleby
in the soke of Horncastle.
{20f} _Ibidem_, p. 489.
{20g} _Ibidem_, p. 88.
{20h} _Ibidem_, p. 760. This castle was built by Richard, Baron le
Scrope, Chancellor of England under Richard II.
{20i} _Ibidem_, p. 99.
{20j} _Ibidem_, p. 722.
{20k} Patent Roll 6 Ed. VI., pt. 3, m. 1, 21 Nov., 1552, witnessed by
the king at Westminster.
{21a} Patent Roll, 1 Mary, pt. 8, m. 2 (44), 28 Nov., 1553.
{21b} Historical MS. Commission. Calendar of MS. of the most Honble.
the Marquis of Salisbury, K.G., &c., p. 179.
{21c} This Earl of Lincoln would seem to have been of a particularly hot
temperament. I have mentioned in another volume (_Records of Woodhall
Spa_, pp. 14.0, &c.) several of his actions of gross violence against the
Saviles of Poolham Hall, in this neighbourhood, about the same date
(1578). I will merely state here that he, with a party of followers,
attacked Sir Robert Savile, when on a hunting excursion, seized several
of his hounds and hanged them, as Sir Robert says, "upon my own tree
within my own ground." He forced his way into the parlour at Poolham and
challenged Sir Robert to fight "six to six" of their dependents. After
an entertainment at Horncastle his followers, at his instigation, got
hold of an unfortunate tailor, "drew their swords and sore wounded him,"
saying he should "have that and more, for his master's sake," Sir Robert
Savile's son. One Robert Fullshaw, of Waddingworth, prayed the justices
for protection against his "horrible outrages," and it was said that his
conduct "savoured of insanity." (_Illustrations of English History_ by
Lodge. Lansdown MS., Brit. Mus., 27, art. 41.)
{21d} Patent Roll, 6 Ed. VI., pt. i, m. 11. Date 8 Dec., 1554.
{22a} Esch. Inquis. post mortem, 3-4 Henry VIII., No. 14.
{22b} It does not appear where this "Parish-fee" was situated, doubtless
it was subordinate to the main manor of Horncastle, such "fees" were
generally named after the owners once "enfeoffed" of them, as we have at
Spalding Ayscough-fee Hall, once owned by the Ayscoughs, Beaumont-fee at
Lincoln, owned by the Beaumonts, Panell-fee by the Paganels, Nevill-fee
by the Nevills in Middle Rasen, &c. _Architectural Society's Journal_,
1895, p. 19. There is a family named Parish at Horncastle but they are a
modern importation.
{22c} Inquis. post mortem, 6 Edward III., held at Haltham, Sep. 21,
1333.
{22d} Feet of Fines, Lincoln, 32 Henry III., 21 July, A.D. 1248.
_Lincs. Notes & Queries_, vol. iv. p. 120. This is repeated in a Final
Concord of the same date between Silvester, Bishop of Carlisle, and other
parties. _Lincs. Notes & Queries_, vol. vii., p. 114.
{22e} Cottonian Charter, v., 61, quoted _Lincs. Notes & Queries_, vol.
iii, p. 245.
{22f} _Architectural Society's Journal_, 1896, pp. 254-257.
{22g} Court of Wards Inquis. post mortem, 3, 4 and 5 Ed. VI., vol. v.,
p. 91. _Architectural Society's Journal_, 1896, p. 258.
{22h} Chancery Inquis. post mortem, 20 Henry VI., No. 25.
_Architectural Society's Journal_, 1899, p. 257.
{22i} _Ibidem_.
{22j} _Ibidem_, p. 258.
{24a} _Lincs. Notes & Queues_, vols. i., p. 183, and ii., p. 219.
{24b} _Lincs. Notes & Queries_, vol. i, p. 47.
{24c} Feet of Fines, Lincoln, 27 Edward III., No. 158.
{24d} Originalia Roll, 34 Edward III., m. 35, A.D. 1360-1.
{24e} Feet of Fines, Lincoln, 41 Edward III., No. 94.
{24f} Inquis. post mortem, 10 James I., pt. i., No. 11.
{25a} Chancery B. and A., James I., R., r, 10, 1, 8 October, 1623.
{25b} These details are all taken from Camden's _Britannia_, Gibson's
Edition, 1695.
{26a} Chancellor's Roll, A.D. 1201-2.
{26b} _Lincs. Notes & Queries_, vol. iii., pp. 244-5.
{27a} _Ibidem_.
{27b} Camden's _Britannia_, p. 712.
{27c} Pipe Roll, 1160-1.
{27d} Pipe Roll, 1161-2.
{27e} Testa de Nevill, folio 348. He also held the advowson of Mareham,
which was transferred to the Bishop of Carlisle, as Lord of Horncastle,
in 1239 (Final Concords, p. 304) by his successor, William de Bavent.
{27f} Cathedral Charters (Calcewaith), folio 106 (a), quoted
_Architectural Society's Journal_, No. xxvii, p. 14.
{27g} Chancery Inquisition post mortem, 18 Ed. I., No. 34.
{27h} Chancery Inquisition post mortem, 12 Ed. II., No. 22.
{27i} Chancery Inquisition post mortem, 44 Ed. III., No. 32. These
trustees were John Amery of Horncastle; Simon, Parson of Wilksby; John of
Claxby Pluckacre; and others.
{27j} De Banco Roll, 5 Henry VII., Hilary, M., A.D. 1490.
{28a} _Architectural Society's Journal_, 1894, p. 190. _Lincs. Notes &
Queries_, vol. iii., p. 204, vol. vii., p. 3.
{28b} Maddison's _Wills_, 1st series, p. 360, No. 96.
{28c} Lansdown MS., British Museum, 54, 62, &c., quoted in _Old
Lincolnshire_, vol. i., p. 118. In All Saint's Church at Theddlethorpe
is a fine brass of an Angevin and his wife of the 16th century.
{28d} De Banco Roll, 5 Henry VII., Hilary, M., A.D. 1490.
{28e} Chancery Inquisition post mortem, taken at Alford, April 28, 14
Henry VIII., A.D. 1522.
{28f} Bridge's _History of Northamptonshire_, quoted _Architectural
Society's Journal_, 1879, p. 45, note.
{28g} Patent I Ed. IV., pt. 2, m. 59, quoted _Old Lincolnshire_, vol.
i., p. 124.
{29a} Chancery Inquisition, 18 Henry VII., No. 34., taken at East Rasen,
26 Oct., 1502.
{29b} Commission of Peace, 13 July, 1510, quoted _Lincs. Notes &
Queries_, Jan. 1896, p. 15.
{29c} Inquisition post mortem, 6 Henry VIII., 20 Jan., A.D. 1515. _Old
Lincolnshire_, vol. i, p. 221.
{29d} Circa A.D. 1536. _Architectural Society's Journal_, 1895, p. 14.
{29e} _Architectural Society's Journal_, 1894, p. 192.
{29f} _Architectural Society's Journal_, 1894, p. 215.
{29g} _Architectural Society's Journal_, 1894, p. 221.
{29h} _Architectural Society's Journal_, 1879. _Pedigree of
Fitz-Williams_, p. 44, &c. A Douglas Tyrwhitt of this family, daughter
of George Tyrwhitt, Esq., in 1703 left a dole of 10/-, charged on land at
Belchford, to the poor of Horncastle.
{29i} Patent Roll, 19 Elizabeth, pt. iv, m. 13, 2 May, 1577.
{30a} Privately printed, from Burghley Papers, by Right Hon. Edward
Stanhope of Revesby Abbey, 1892.
{30b} Works of Thomas Becon, Parker Society, p. 480, note.
{30c} Bishop Aldrich died at Horncastle in March, 1555, he was a
distinguished graduate of King's College, Cambridge, Provost of Eton, a
correspondent of the great Dutch scholar Erasmus; afterwards made
Archdeacon of Colchester, Canon of Windsor, Registrar of the Order of the
Garter, and consecrated to the See of Carlisle 18 July, 1537.
{31a} Exchequer Bills and Answers, Chas. I., Lincoln, No. 36. Among the
charges brought against Rutland Snowden (as already stated elsewhere) one
was, that, besides having aided the forces of the Parliament, he had more
than one wife. The Snowden Arms are given in "Yorks. Union of Honour,"
_Lincs. Notes & Queries_, vol. iv., p. 16.
{31b} _Lincs. Notes & Queries_, vol. i., p. 106.
{31c} The valuable collections of Sir Joseph Banks are still carefully
preserved at Revesby Abbey, and form in themselves almost a museum.
{32a} Leland's _Collectanea_, 66, p. 300.
{32b} The stables of John of Gaunt's House still exist adjoining the
High Street.
{33a} Quoted Weir's _History of Horncastle_, note p. 29, ed. 1820.
{33b} On Saturday, next the Feast of the Conversion of St. Paul, 21
Jan., 1384-5, held by John de Feriby, Escheator of the King, in the
County of Lincoln.
{34} Most of these fragments were removed by Mr. Stanhope to Revesby
Abbey. Two of them are preserved in the garden of Langton Rectory, near
Horncastle.
{36} The origin of this Chantry is shewn by the following documents:--In
the archives of Carlisle Cathedral is a copy, in Latin, of a Privy Seal
State Paper, Domestic, vol. i, 5039, of date 5 May, 6 Henry VIII. (A.D.
1514), slightly imperfect, but running thus: "The King to all . . .
greeting. Know that we, of our special grace . . . by these presents do
grant . . . for us, our heirs and successors . . . to the devout woman,
the Lady Margaret Copuldyke, widow, and Richard Clarke, tanner, of
Horncastle, that they found a fraternity, or guild, to the honour of St.
Katharine, and for the extending of divine teaching, in the Parish Church
of the blessed Virgin of Horncastell, and mortain licence to acquire land
of the annual value of 25 marks" (16 pounds 15s. 4d.). Another document,
a Chantry Certificate, Lincoln, No. 33 (55), Ed. VI. (1552), states that
"the Guild of St. Katharine, in Horncastell, was founded by _Joan_
Copuldyke, widow, and others, with the intention that one Chaplain for
ever, should celebrate divine services in the church, for the souls of
the founder, and others; the profits of the land and possessions are
received by the Alderman of the Guild." They are described as "worth
yearly 13 pounds 8s. 8d., with fees, wages, rents and other reprises, 7
pounds 15s. 3d. The clear value, reprises deducted, yearly, 5 pounds
13s. 10d.," with "goods, chattels and ornaments worth 1 pounds 10s." It
is to be observed that Gervase Holles says, that at the time of his
visit, she was named "Margaret," in a window then existing in the church.
A Patent Roll, 3 Ed. VI., pt. 5, m. 4, gives various lands and tenements,
with which this chantry was endowed, in Horncastle, Spilsby, Thornton and
Roughton, occupied by about 100 tenants; and states that all these were
granted "by the King to Robert Carr, gent., of Sleaford, and John Almond,
their heirs and assigns." Witness, the King, at Westminster, 15 July,
1549. This is further confirmed by an Inquisition post mortem, 5 Eliz.,
pt. 1, No. 67. [This was 'in return for a payment by them of 1,238
pounds 11s. 10d.'] Among the signatories to a declaration of the Royal
supremacy (Lincoln Chapter Housebook, B. 3, 14, p. 39) are the names of
Robt. James, Vicar of Horncastle Michel Whithed, Curate of Horncastle
Hugh Doddington, "Cantuarista" of Horncastle (probably Chaplain of this
Chantry). It was also served by Robert Geffrey in 1552. Chantry
Certificates, Lincoln 33 (55).
{37a} Harleian MS. No. 6829, p. 241. In a window in the north aisle was
the inscription "Orate pro ai'a Thomae Coppuldike armig., et D'nae
Margaretae, Consortis suae, fundatoria gildae cantar . . . fenestram
fieri fecit. Ano D'ni 1526." In the eastern window of the south aisle
was the inscription "Orate pro benefactoribus artis sutorum, qui istim
fenestram fieri fecerunt. sc'ae Nemanae cum sera et catena. Item S'ci
Crispinus et Crispinianus cum instrumentis calceariis." Here it is
distinctly stated that a Guild of Shoemakers gave the window, and that
Crispinus and Crispinianus the patron saints of shoemakers, were there
represented. A note in the same MS. states that Frances, wife of Gervase
Holles, died at Horncastle and was buried there. (These passages are
quoted in Weir's _History of Horncastle_, pp. 30, 31, note, edition of
1820).
{38} Mr. Dee had formerly been a Clerk in Mr. Clitherow's office, as
Solicitor.
{39a} This was formerly the altar-piece below the east window of the
chancel, before the present reredos was placed there, and dedicated at
the Harvest Festival, 22 Sept., 1870.
{39b} It may here be stated, that the former font was quite as good as
the present one, octagonal in form, and of perpendicular design, in
harmony with older portions of the church. It was, however, discarded at
the restoration, and, for some time, hidden away among rubbish, but
eventually presented to the restored church of the neighbouring parish of
Belchford. The bowl of the present font is too small to answer the
requirements of the Rubric, and is not in keeping with the architecture
of the church.
{39c} A Lectern, consisting of a large eagle, of cast iron, bronzed, on
the model of one in St. Margaret's Church, Lynn, was presented by the
late Prebendary Samuel Lodge, Rector of Scrivelsby. This is still
preserved in the south chancel chapel.
{40a} Walker in his _Sufferings of the Clergy_ (1714) gives an account
of Thomas Gibson, which we here abridge. Born at Keswick (in the diocese
of Carlisle), he went to Queen's College, Oxford, was appointed Master of
the Free School at Carlisle, there promoted to the similar post at
Newcastle, and finally preferred by the Bishop of Carlisle to the
Vicarage of Horncastle in 1634. In consequence of a sermon preached by
him, at the Election for Convocation, he was seized, in 1643, and carried
as a prisoner to Hull. Being released after four month's detention, and
returning to Horncastle, he was charged with teaching "ormanism"
(arminianism), and committed to the "County Jail" at Lincoln, a
Presbyterian minister being appointed in his stead at Horncastle. In
1644 Colonel King, the Governor of Boston under the Parliament, ordered a
party of horse to seize him (apparently having been released from
Lincoln) and to plunder his house, but an old pupil, Lieut. Col. John
Lillburn, interceded for him with his superior officer, Col. King, and
the order was revoked. In the subsequent absence, however, of Lillburn
in London, the order was repeated, and Mr. Gibson was made prisoner, his
house plundered, and his saddle horse, draught horses, and oxen carried
off. He was imprisoned at Boston, Lincoln and "Tattors-Hall Castle,"
where he had "very ill-usage for 17 weeks." He was sequestrated from his
benefice and an "intruder," named Obadiah How, put in charge. He was now
accused of defending episcopacy, "refusing the covenant," &c. He retired
to a "mean house," about a mile from Horncastle, supposed to be at
"Nether (Low) Toynton," where he and his family "lived but poorly for two
years, teaching a few pupils." He was then appointed Master of the Free
School at Newark, two years later removed to the school at Sleaford,
being presented by Lady Carr. There he lived until the Restoration, and
then resumed his Vicarage at Horncastle, until he died in 1678, aged 84.
"He was a grave and venerable person (says Walker), of a sober and
regular conversation, and so studious of peace, that when any differences
arose in his parish, he never rested till he had composed them. He had
likewise so well principled his parish that, of 250 families in it, he
left but one of them Dissenters at his death." (Walker's _Sufferings of
the Clergy_, pt. ii, p. 252, Ed. 1714).
{40b} There is an error in the date, which should be Oct. 11. Further,
the term "arch rebel" is inappropriate, as Cromwell was, at that time,
only a Colonel, far from having attained his later distinction; the term
"skirmish" is also inadequate, as the Winceby battle was a decisive
engagement, with important consequences.
{41a} The origin of these scythes has of late years been a _vexata
questio_. It has been suggested that they are not, as generally
supposed, relics of the Parliamentary War, but of the earlier so-called
"Pilgrimage of Grace," or "Lincolnshire Rising," a movement intended as a
protest against certain abuses attending the Reformation, in the reign of
Henry VIII. The evidence, however, gathered from various directions,
would seem to be strongly corroborative of the old and more general
opinion. History shows that, for many years, about the period of the
Commonwealth, scythes were among the commonest, rude weapons of war. The
artist Edgar Bundy, in his painting "The morning of Edgemoor," recently
(1905) purchased for the National Gallery by the Chantry Trustees,
represents a soldier armed with a straight wooden-handled scythe. The
battle of Edgemoor was fought Oct. 23, 1642, one year before that of
Winceby. We have also contemporary testimony in the _Memoirs of the
Verney Family_ (vol. i, pp. 109-118 and 315), members of which took part
in the civil war of that period, that King Charles' forces consisted
largely of untrained peasants, "ill-fed and clothed . . . having neither
colours, nor halberts . . . many only rude pikes . . . few a musket." To
such the scythes used in their farm labour would be handy weapons in
emergency. As a parallel to these cases Sir Walter Scott, in his preface
to _Rob Roy_, states that "many of the followers of MacGregor, at the
battle of Prestonpans (Sep. 21, 1745), were armed with scythe blades, set
straight upon their handles, for want of guns and swords." It is not
without interest to note, that about 60 years ago there were exhumed, on
the farm above Langton Hill, in Horncastle, the remains of 6 bodies,
lying buried in a row, with scythe blades beside them. It is known that
skirmishes between Royalists and Roundheads took place in this locality,
and it can hardly be doubted that these also were relics of the Winceby
fight. The then tenant of the farm, Mr. Dobson (as the writer has been
informed by his granddaughter, Mrs. H. Boulton of St. Mary's Square,
Horncastle), carted these remains to the town and they were re-buried in
the south side of St. Mary's Churchyard, while the scythes were added to
those already in the church. An incident, which further confirms their
connection with the Winceby fight, is that the present writer has in his
possession a pair of spurs, which were found on the field of Winceby,
remarkable for the long spikes of their rowels; and he himself once found
the rowel of a spur, with similarly long spikes, within a few yards of
where the bodies were discovered; and in the year 1905 he also examined
several bones, pronounced by a doctor to be human, which were found near
the same spot, while workmen were digging for the foundations of a house
since erected there. On the other hand, as against the theory of the
scythes having been used in the earlier "Pilgrimage of Grace," we are
distinctly told that the mobs concerned in that movement were deprived of
all weapons before they could use them. In the Lincoln Chapter House
books (c. i, 20, f 193) is a letter from Richard Cromwell, dated Oct. 29,
1586, which says that he, and Admiral Sir John Russell, went to Louth,
where "all the harness and weapons were seized, and conveyed to Lincoln,"
and that for the same purpose Mr. Bryan had been sent to Horncastle, and
Mr. Brown to Market Rasen. On the whole, therefore, the preponderance of
evidence is strongly in favour of the connection of all these scythes
with the neighbouring Battle of Winceby--the original tradition.
{41b} Weir, in his _History of Horncastle_ gives the quarterings of
these shields as follows:--
(1) Sable, 2 lions passant in pale, ducally crowned, or, Dymoke impaling
Barry of 6 ermines, and gules, 3 crescents, sable, Waterton; a crescent
for difference.
(2) Dymoke impaling Vaire, on a fess, gules frette, or. Marmyon, in
chief, ermine, 5 fusils in fess, Hebden, a crescent for difference.
(3) Argent, a sword erect, azure, hilt and pomel gules.
(4) Dymoke impaling quarterly, gules and argent, a cross engrailed.
Countercharged, Haydon, a crescent for difference.
{42a} The only other theft from the church of which we have record, was
when the vestry was broken into in December, 1812, and the money
collected for parish purposes was stolen. A reward of 50 pounds was
offered for information of the thief, but without result. (MS. notes by
Mr. T. Overton in possession of Mr. John Overton, of Horncastle.)
{42b} Details of these are given by Holles as follows:--
_In fenestra Insulae Borealis_.
"Orate pro a'ia Thomae Coppuldike Armig. & D'nae Margaretae Consortis suae fundatoris Gildae
Cantar . . . Fenestram fieri fecit Ano Dni 1526."
_In superiori fenestra Borealis Cancelli_.
'Gules a lion passant guardant. Arg. . . .
Sable, 3 flowres de lize betw: 6 crosses botony fitchy Arg. . . .
Gules, a cross sarcelly Arg." . . . Bec.
_In fenestra Orientali Insulae Australis_.
"Orate pro benefactoribus artis sutorum, qui istam fenestram fieri fecerunt stae Ninianae cum
cera et catena. Item sti Crispinus et Crispianus cum instrumentis calceariis." (N.B. The
feminine is an error of Holles, as St. Ninian was a man. Collier's _History_, vol. i. p. 100).
_Fenestra Borealis superior_.
Empaled: Sa, 2 lions passant arg. crowned or. Dymoke
Empaled: Or, a lion rampant double queue sa. Welles
Empaled: Quarterly: Arg. a chevron betw: 3 bulls passant sa. Tourney
Empaled: Quarterly: B. a fesse betw: 3 goats' heads erased arg.
Empaled: Quarterly: Arg. a chevron gobony sa.
Empaled: Quarterly: Arg. on a bend g. 3 roses arg.
Quarterly: Arg. chevron betw: 3 griphons' heads erased, g. Tilney
Quarterly: Arg. 3 bars g. over all a bend engrailed, sa. Ros
Quarterly: Quarterly or and g. a border sa bezanty. Rockford
Quarterly: Arg. 3 crosses botony fitchy B. semy of flowres de lize
Quarterly ermine and chequey or. and g. Gipthorpe
Arg. a chevron betw: 3 roses, g.
Taylboys &c
_Fenestra Australis superior_.
G. a fesse betw. 3 water bougets ermine Meres
Empaled.: Marchants Mark.
Empaled.: Arg. on a Bend, G. 3 ferniers of the first
Hic jacet Francisca filia primogenita Petri Fressheville de Stavely,
in com. Derb. arm [ex priore uxore sua Ehzabetha filia Gervasii
Clifton de Clifton, in com. Nott. Militis] et quondam uxor Gervasii
Holles de Burgh in cum. Lincoln. Militis, cui peperit Freschvillum
Holles, et Margaretam, gemellos, et Franciscum Holles filium
juniorem. Obijt Horncastell. Harleyan MS., No. 6829, p. 241.
{42c} Mr. Sellwood lived in a house on the west side of the Market
Place, now occupied by R. W. Clitherow, Esq., of a family long
established in Horncastle.
{44a} Mr. Fretwell was Curate of Horncastle and Rector of Winceby,
(_Directory of Horncastle_, 1791-2). He would appear to have been, for a
time, in sole charge of Horncastle, as we find that on one occasion (Feb.
23, 1790) "sensible of the distresses of the sick poor, he gave 1.5 g.
from the communion money to be laid out in Salop sago and Bowen's sago
powder, to be distributed at the discretion of the Faculty." (See
account of the Dispensary.)
{44b} The vault of Dr. Madeley is within the chancel rails, beneath the
tablet. His son was an officer in the 68th Regiment of Foot, in which
also a Horncastle man, named Walker, was sergeant.
{46} There is still, in Westminster Abbey, a chantry named "The Islip
Chapel," which is used as a Robing room, at the consecration of the
Bishops.
{50} A List of Institutions given in _Lincs. Notes & Queries_, vol. v,
p. 236 has the date of C. Monke's appointment, 24 Oct., 1558, and gives
his predecessor as Henry Henshaw. In a previous notice (_Ibidem_, p.
201) the latter is given as Henry Henshoo.
{57a} The patronage and manorial rights (as already stated) were
transferred to the Bishop of Lincoln, on the death of the Bishop of
Carlisle in 1856.
{57b} We may add that Dr. Madely also left a bequest of 50 pounds
towards a much needed church at Woodhall Spa; where through the energy of
the Rev. H. Walter, Vicar of the parent parish of Woodhall St. Margaret,
and Rector of Langton, the Church of St. Andrew was built before that of
Holy Trinity, Horncastle, the foundation stone being laid by Sir H.
Dymoke, April 2, 1846, and the consecration by Bishop Kaye taking place
Sep. 14, 1847; the architect in this case also being Mr. Stephen Lewin,
of Boston, a vicarage being built at the same time.
{59} All the coloured windows are by Messrs. Clayton & Bell.
{60} The sister of the present writer, who was a brilliant pianist,
frequently went to play to Mr. Clarke, and, as she touched the piano, he
would rouse himself and take his flute and try to accompany her. It is
not a little remarkable, that Mr. Clarke's widow, after a few years
married again, a Medical Practitioner, near Windsor, and committed
suicide by placing herself on the railway line, near that place, her
mangled remains being afterwards found on the line. Whether her mind had
been affected by her first husband's tragic death, who can say?
{61} To show Mr. White's energy of character the writer may mention that
he frequently, as a healthy diversion from his professional work, walked
up to Langton Rectory before breakfast, and plied his spade in the
garden, and then enjoyed a hearty breakfast with the Rector, returning to
Horncastle in time for the daily service at 11 a.m. As an instance of
his kindly nature we may give the following: At Horncastle a poor girl
was suffering from a "white swelling" in the knee. The doctor declared
that her life could only be saved by the leg being amputated above the
knee. She dreaded the operation, but consented, if Mr. White would
support her in his arms during the process. He was greatly averse to
painful scenes, but reluctantly consented. Those were not the days of
anaesthetics, when such operations can be performed without the patients
feeling it; but he said to her "Let us pray," and while the doctors were
at work they prayed so fervently that she was too much absorbed to notice
what was done. At length she said, "Dear Mr. White will they never
begin?" His reply was "My good girl, your leg is off, and the Lord has
spared you all the pain." She lived to be a strong healthy woman and
always blessed the curate.
{62} The writer had the privilege of visiting Mr. White at Jedburgh, and
retaining his valued friendship through life, visiting him a short time
before his death, and receiving many kindnesses from him.
{64} The _Morning Post_ of April 8, 1889, referring to the death of Sir
F. Gore Ouseley, says "He was a member of an ancient Irish family . . .
which gave to the world the Wellesleys, the Wesleys, and the Ouseleys,
all springing from the same stock;" all three names being only varied
forms of the same. A clergyman, Rev. L. H. Wellesley Wesley, now of
Folkestone, combines the two names.
{65} Samuel Wesley, the father, was himself originally a dissenter, but
afterwards conformed to the established church. He was appointed to the
benefice of South Ormsby in 1699 and afterwards held the Rectory of
Epworth, and that of Wroot. His eldest son, Samuel, born about 1692, was
an Under Master in Westminster School for several years, and later became
Head Master of the Grammar School at Tiverton, in Devonshire.
{66a} This has been re-issued by Mr. A. C. Fifield, as No. 16 of "The
Simple Series," 6d., 1905.
{66b} As a proof of his regard for the church we may quote his remark
(given in _Christian Sects of the_ 19_th century_, W. Pickering, 1850)
"The Church of England is the purest in Christendom."
{66c} The first Conference was held in London at "The Foundry," June 25,
1744. It consisted of only 10 persons, viz., the two brothers, John and
Charles Wesley, three beneficed clergymen, John Hodges, Rector of Wenvo,
Henry Piers, Vicar of Bexley, Samuel Taylor, Vicar of Quinton, and John
Meriton, with four Methodist preachers, viz., John Downes, John Bennett,
Thomas Richards and Thomas Maxfield. At this gathering "The Rules of a
Helper" were adopted, which form to this day a part of the "discipline"
enjoined on Wesleyan Ministers.
{68a} Mr. Carr Brackenbury died August 11, 1818, aged 65, and the
_Stamford Mercury_ of the time says of him, "He powerfully and eloquently
preached the glad tidings of the gospel during many years, in numerous
Wesleyan Chapels, in various parts of the kingdom. He had previously to
his intimacy with Wesley been a celebrated character on the turf."
{68b} The aged son of the last named is still (1905) living at Alford,
and several grandsons are dispersed about the country.
{70a} _Horncastle News_, August 31, 1907.
{70b} The first Sunday School was held in the British School (later the
Drill Hall) east of the Wong, from 1812 to 1848.
{71a} We may add that at the time of writing (1905) a Wesleyan Church
House is about to be erected in Westminster, a fine building in the
Renaissance style of architecture, which is to cost 140,000 pounds, the
firm of Lanchester & Richards being contractors for the work.
{71b} In addition to the authorities already named, we are indebted for
much of the information here given to an account by Mr. Watson Joll, in
the _Methodist Recorder_ of Aug. 27, 1903, and to an article by the late
Mr. W. Pacy, in the _Lincoln Gazette_ of Aug. 20, 1898.
{71c} _Religious Worship in England and Wales_, by H. Mann, from the
census of 1851.
{72} Within comparatively recent times a Primitive Chapel at Thimbleby
was commonly called "The Ranters" Chapel.
{73} _Life of the Venerable Hugh Bourne_, by Rev. Jesse Ashworth, 1888;
also _History of the Primitive Methodist Connexion_, by Rev. H. B.
Kendall, B.A.
{74} _The Venerable William Clowes_, a sketch, by Thomas Guttery.
{78} In connection with Robert Brown's writings it may be of interest to
note, that in the year 1907, an American scholar, Mr. Champlin Burrage,
of the Newton Theological Institution, of Massachusetts, discovered in
the Library of Lambeth Palace, London, a hitherto unpublished work, in
MS., entitled _The Retraction of Robert Brown_; which the author himself
describes as "A reproofe of certeine schismatical persons and their
doctrine touching the hearing and preaching of the Word of God." This
was written about the year 1588. It has now been published by permission
of the Archbishop of Canterbury (Oxford University Press, 2/6 net), and
is described by the editor as "a sane and broad-minded" production.
[_Guardian Newspaper_, June 19, 1907.]
{80a} These particulars are gathered from the volume _Christian Sects of
the_ 19_th century_, published by W. Pickering, 1850.
{80b} Mann's _Religious Worship in England and Wales_, from the census
of 1851.
{80c} Only two copies of this pamphlet are known to exist; one in the
Library at Revesby Abbey; the other is in the possession of Mr. C. M.
Hodgett, of Horncastle, an officer of the chapel, having been given to
him by Miss Frances Robinson, a relative, presumably, of the author
"W.R.," otherwise William Robinson.
{80d} Letter of Rev. J. G. Crippen, of The Congregational Library
Memorial Hall, London, Dec., 1858.
{82} A fuller notice of Rev. T. Lord appears on page 89.
{84a} Written in prison, A.D. 1675.
{84b} Under what was called "The Five Mile Act."
{84c} The chapel generally regarded as the oldest in the kingdom is that
at Highthorne, in Kent, which dates from 1650.
{84d} There is a tradition that there was a chapel near the watermill,
but this was probably only a room retained for the convenience of those
who were "dipped" in the pit. Under date, Aug. 7, 1889, it is recorded,
as though a novel event, that at a special service in the evening, the
Lay Pastor, Mr. W. P. Milns, performed the ceremony of baptism, by
immersion, in the chapel, the baptized being an adult, _Horncastle News_,
August 10, 1889.
{85a} In 1876 the Horncastle Baptists joined the "Notts., Derby and
Lincoln Union," which proved a great help to them.
{85b} Among those present were Rev. M. C. Mason from Tura, Assam,
British India, a member of the American Missionary Union; Pasteur
Saillens, of the French Baptist community; Dr. B. D. Gray of Georgia,
U.S.A.; as well as delegates from Russia and Japan.
{91} For further information as to the origin of the school see
_addendum_ at the end of this chapter.
{92a} "Comorants," this is the Latin "Commorantes," meaning "temporarily
resident."
{92b} Lord Clinton was 9th in descent from John de Clinton, of Armington
and Maxlock, Co. Warwick. He was born in 1512; married Elizabeth,
daughter of Sir John Blount, and widow of Gilbert, Lord Tailbois. He was
made Lord Lieutenant of the County of Lincoln, Governor of the Tower of
London, had been already granted the Manor and Castle of Tattershall by
Ed. VI. and was created Earl of Lincoln by Elizabeth in 1572, a title
still held by his descendants, now Dukes of Newcastle. He died January
16, 1584, and was buried in St. George's Chapel, Windsor.
{92c} It has already been stated that lands were given by John Neale in
1575; and by will dated Feb. 7, 1692, Mr. Nicholas Shipley bequeathed 100
pounds to assist poor scholars, but this was lost by the Treasurer, in
1703.
{92d} By an apparently irregular proceeding, the land in Thornton was in
1704, transferred to the Hon. Lewis Dymoke of Scrivelsby, Champion of
England. In 1811 the Governors decided to have their rights in this
matter investigated. Application was made to the Champion for an
explanation of the transaction. The case was submitted to the Charity
Commissioners, no reply however was ever received from the Champion, and
after a delay of 25 years, the matter was allowed to drop. The 12 pounds
a year paid in lieu of the former land does not seem to be an equivalent
for the original gift.
{93} The present writer has a copy of this work.
{94} This grant amounted in 1903 to 60 pounds 19s. The income for that
year, apart from the grant, was 256 pounds 11s. 4d.; fees of pupils
amounting to 263 pounds 10s.; school expenses 473 pounds 3s. 8d.
{95a} Among those, formerly connected with the school, who contributed
to this Magazine, were the late Head Master, Canon S. Lodge; the Senior
Governor, Dr. R. Jalland; A. C. Clapin, a whilome French pupil in the
days of Dr. Smith, who was son of an officer in the army of Napoleon I.;
and the present writer, who wrote School Reminiscences.
{95b} To the credit and honour of Dr. Smith, he brought his aged father
and mother, the former being blind, to Horncastle, and provided for them
in their old age. They resided in a small cottage, close to his own
house, now adjoining the Great Northern Hotel.
{99a} The writer possesses a copy of this, given to him by the author.
He has also a 1st class prize, a book, signed by J. B. Smith and F.
Grosvenor as 1st and 2nd masters.
{99b} His practice was always to close the school with these words.
When the boys were let out for 10 minutes, to freshen up in the school
yard, as was done at 11.30 every morning, the expression was varied to
"exire licet."
{99c} Among the tasks set us to do by ourselves between Saturday morning
and Monday, were theses on various subjects, or original verses, on some
chosen theme; the writer still possesses several of these, of varied
merit. They taught us, however, the careful use of words.
{100a} The ringing of this bell was given up a few years ago, as the
Governors decided not to pay for it.
{100b} The veteran, Mr. Thomas Baker, the friend of the champion
cricketer, Dr. W. G. Grace, and the trainer of Sir Evelyn Wood, had not
yet arrived at Horncastle, which he did a few years later, to put life
and energy into our cricketers.
{106a} By Rev. T. P. Brocklehurst, Vicar of that parish, 1901.
{106b} As a similar instance to that named in the text, the school at
Kingston on Thames is now called "Queen Elizabeth's," but it was founded
by Bishop Edington, in 1364. It may here be mentioned that the grammar
school of Bruton, Somerset, which was originally founded in 1519, was
re-established by Edward VI., "by letters patent, dated June 20, 1549,
Corpus Christi day," on which day the Governors, Masters, and Scholars
still attend a special commemoration service in the Parish Church.
(_Guardian_, August 2, 1905, p. 1,287.)
{106c} Full details of these appointments are given in a Paper, by Mr.
A. F. Leach, author of _English Schools at the Reformation_, for the
_Gazette of the Old Bostonian Club_, which is reprinted in the Journal of
the Lincolnshire Architectural Society, vol. xxvi, pt. ii, pp. 398 et
seq, 1902.
{108a} The firm of Handley were Solicitors, of Sleaford. Their recent
representative was a member of the Banking Company of Peacock, Handley &
Co. Henry Handley, Esq., represented South Lincolnshire in Parliament
during 9 years, after the passing of the Reform Bill, dying in 1846, much
regretted, after a long illness. As a memorial of his public services a
statue of him was erected in the main street of Sleaford in 1851, costing
upward of 1,000 pounds.
{108b} The Swallows were a well-to-do family in Horncastle, living in
the same part of the town as Mr. Watson, and the Coningtons. Members of
it, within memory, have been farmers, nurserymen, victuallers, &c.
{110a} This particular plot of ground, sometimes called "fool thing," is
named in various other ancient documents connected with Horncastle.
{110b} The Governors at this date were John Thorold, M.D., Horncastle;
Rev. Arthur Rockliffe, Roughton; Rev. William Boawre Coningsby; Robert
Cole, Horncastle, gent; Benjamin Stephenson, Mareham-le-Fen, gent;
Richard Heald, Horncastle, gent; Rev. John Wheeler, Mareham-le-Fen; Simon
Draper and William Hirst Simpson, Horncastle; Francis Conington,
Residuary Devisee; and Joseph Mowbound, Horncastle, clerk.
{111} Weir's _History of Horncastle_, 1820, pp. 41, 42.
{112a} Professor Walter's _History of England_, vol. vii., pp. 454-6.
{112b} This date is definitely fixed by the fact that the fittings of
the school were sold by auction early in the following year (1877), among
them being a desk, still in use, to the present writer's knowledge, in a
neighbouring village school. The premises were afterwards purchased by
the late Mr. Alfred Healy, for a corn store, and they are now the
warehouse of Messrs. Carlton & Sons, Chemists, of High Street.
{112c} The efficiency of the present church schools is testified to by
the Report of the Government Inspector, in July, 1905, as follows: "Staff
adequate, teaching energetic, boys and girls. The new library should be
a great benefit. Infants, brisk and kind discipline; teaching bright and
thorough."
{113a} The Right Hon. George Joachim Goschen, afterwards Viscount
Goschen.
{113b} 53 and 54 Victoria, chap. 60.
{114a} Mr. Mallet was afterwards assisted by Mr. Sydney N. Hawling,
clerk to Mr. H. W. Kemp, Chemist, and also by Miss M. E. Edgar.
{114b} _Horncastle News_, Sept. 19, 1896.
{115} Miss Foster was an enthusiast in all her work, and being a cyclist
she explored the country for many miles round Horncastle to collect
fossils, besides making excursions into other counties, thus obtaining a
valuable collection of specimens. The writer possesses a copy of these
lectures, which are remarkable for their fulness and precision.
{120a} The Rev. John Fretwell was Rector of Winceby, and began his
ministry in Horncastle, June 24th, 1782, and was Curate under the Vicars,
Revs. James Fowler and Joseph Robinson. He would appear to have
possessed a private income beyond his official stipend. He was probably,
for some time, in sole charge of the cure, as we find him disposing of
some of the "communion money," for the benefit of the Dispensary, as
recorded in a subsequent page of this chapter. There is a tablet of
black marble on the north wall of the chancel, in St. Mary's Church, in
memory of Elizabeth, his first wife, who died Dec. 4th, 1784, and also of
his infant son by his second wife), Matthew Harold, who died Sept. 19th,
1786.
{120b} This was the house now occupied by Dr. H. A. Howes, 30, West
Street; and the writer may add, that, within his own memory, while the
house was occupied by a later tenant, Mr. Jason Alison, a poor lunatic,
probably a survival of Dr. Harrison's asylum, was kept chained to the
kitchen fireplace. Such treatment would now be impossible, but parallel
cases are on record in the neighbourhood.
{122} Dr. E. Jenner made his first experiment in 1796, announced his
success in 1798, and the practice became general in 1799.
{124} Mr. Macarthur was the most indefatigable and efficient dispenser
up to that time; the Governors more than once passing a vote of thanks
for his services, raising his salary, or presenting him with a cheque.
{127} Weir, in his _History of Horncastle_, says that lime, manure, and
road material were charged half rates. This was in 1828.
{128} We refer to an admirable Paper, read before the Society of Arts,
London, by Mr. Buckley, C.S.I., Feb. 15th, 1906.
{129a} See a very interesting volume, _Our Waterways_, by Urquhart A.
Forbes and W. H. R. Ashford. Murray, London, 1906.
{133} Garnier's _Annals of British Peasantry_, 1895.
{134a} As an instance of this the Horncastle Union comprises 69
parishes.
{134b} These books were inspected by the present writer a few years ago,
although now (1906) supposed to be lost. In the account of Thimbleby,
given in the appendix to this volume, instances are given of various
forms of relief to paupers, in coals, shoes, petticoats, &c., but always
on condition that they attended the church services regularly, otherwise
such relief was forfeited.
{134c} In some parts of the country "black bread," made of oatmeal, was
in use, among the humbler classes, as late as in 1850.
{134d} This had been forestalled as early as in the reign of Edward I.;
a Pipe Roll dated 12 Edward I. (A.D. 1284) shows that a payment of 60
shillings was made for a common oven, rented of the Bishop of Carlisle,
as Lord of the Manor. _Lincs. Notes & Queries_, vol. iv, p. 237.
{134e} The older ones among us will remember that in the days of our
grandmothers the spinning wheel was usually to be seen in the boudoir, or
drawing room. A common shrub of our hedgerows and copses is the spindle
tree (euonymus europeus), so named because of its compact, yet light,
wood was made the spindle of the spinster. An old MS., kept by Sarah
Cleveland, shows how not only the poor but ladies of all ranks, like the
Homeric Penelope and her maidens, practised spinning; the younger with a
view to providing a marriage portion for themselves; whence, until
marriage, they were called "spinsters," a term still in use. [Berenden
Letters of William Ward and his family, of Berenden, Kent, 1758-1821,
edited by C. F. Hardy. Dent & Co., 1901.] It may be here mentioned that
the ancient building in Boston named Shodfriars' Hall, was formerly a
spinning school. In the Parish Register of Wispington, in this
neighbourhood, not only is the female mentioned as "spinster," but the
male is called "weaver," and in the adjoining parish of Woodhall there is
a "weavers' close," part of which is named "tailors' garth," in the same
connection, and the present parish clerk's grandmother, a Mrs. Oldfield,
had herself a hand loom; and in the parish of Minting weaving is known to
have been carried on extensively, an informant telling the present writer
that his grandmother had a hand loom, see _Records of Woodhall Spa_, &c.,
under Minting, by the author. In Horncastle a weaver, named Keeling,
formerly occupied the premises now the bookseller's shop of Mr. Hugh
Wilson; another lived in the house, 3, North Street, now occupied by Mr.
G. Walkley.
{134f} The members of this committee are given as Rev. Jas. Fowler
(Vicar), Joshua Towne (a well-known clock maker, whose clocks are still
valued), Geo. Heald (gent), James Watson, William Maddison, Robert
Boulton, John Spraggings, Francis Rockliffe, and Joshua Vickers (hatter).
{134g} In digging to lay the foundations of the building, a considerable
number of ancient jars were exhumed, which passed subsequently into the
possession of the Chaplain, the late Rev. E. M. Chapman, Rector of Low
Toynton. After disappearing for some years, several of these were sold
in 1905. They are supposed to be Cyprus ware. The present writer has
three of them, others have been presented to different museums, &c.
{135} The only town constable at that time was a feeble old man (it was
said) a former smuggler. He afterwards retired from this post, for which
he was unfitted, and became host of the Lord Nelson Inn, close by the
former scene of his duties. We may add that the sign of this inn, a good
portrait of Nelson, was the work of the artist Northouse.
{140} 300 pounds was borrowed Nov. 19th, 1901.
{142a} Robert Whelpton, the father of George, who was also a shoemaker,
used to relate that he made shoes for Sir John Franklin, before he went
out as Governor of Tasmania. Sir John, a native of Spilsby, was
brother-in-law of Mr. Henry Selwood, who lived in the house on the west
side of the Market Place, now occupied by Mr. R. W. Clitherow, which
would be opposite Whelpton's shop. Sir John was Governor of Tasmania
1836-1842.
{142b} William Thomas Whelpton took as a residence 69, Gloucester
Crescent, Regent's Park, London; and Henry Robert Whelpton resided in
Upton Park, Slough.
{142c} While at Derby he revisited Horncastle, driving over in a hired
carriage, with pair of horses, and it is said that a local wag, seeing
his carriage in the Bull Hotel yard, wrote upon it with chalk:
"Who would have thought it,
That pills could have bought it?"
{143a} His wife's maiden name was Barber. She was, by profession, a
lady's stay maker, and occupied a house standing on the site of the
present Church National School.
{143b} The inscription on the houses states that they were erected by
George Whelpton, of 1, Albeit Road, Regent's Park, London, in 1861, in
memory of his wife Elizabeth, who died Dec. 11, 1859.
{145} The present writer still has in his possession, as a cherished
heirloom, the sword and sash of his grandfather, the owner of Tanshelf
House, Pontefract, as well as of residences at Lofthouse and Methley.
{146} Similarly the present writer has a photograph of an uncle, who was
an officer of yeomanry in 1804, and lived to join the modern yeomanry in
1860.
{155} _Illustrated Police News_, Aug. 18th, 1883,
{159} The _Boston Guardian_ in an obituary notice said "all who knew him
esteemed him," and the _Horncastle News_ said "There is gone from among
us one of nature's true gentlemen."
{160} This ready mode of disolving the bond of wedlock was not uncommon
in former times, but a similar case is recorded as having occurred in or
near Scarborough in recent years, and in November 1898 a case came before
Mr. Justice Kekewich, in the Chancery Court, of a man, before leaving for
Australia, having sold his wife for 250 pounds.
{162} For these details, as well as many others, I am indebted to family
records in the possession of the late Mr. John Overton, which I have had
the privilege of consulting on many occasions. J.C.W.
{165} Mr. Isaac Taylor in his _Words and Places_ (p. 201, ed. 1873),
says "I cannot discover any indication of the place where the
Lincolnshire 'Thing' (the Saxon 'County Council') assembled, unless it
was at Thimbleby or Legbourne." There are, however, several parishes
containing the element "thing" in their field names; for instance there
is one in Welton near Lincoln; there is a Candlesby Thyng, a Norcotes
Thyng, and Ravenworth Thyng, named in a Chancery Inquisition, 20 Henry
VII., No. 133, &c. (_Architectural Society's Journal_, 1895, p. 38.)
These were probably the localities where smaller parish meetings were
held.
{166a} A superior tenant, holding under Bishop Odo, was a rather
important man in the county, frequently mentioned in documents of the
period, as Alan of Lincoln. He also held lands in Langton and other
parishes in the neighbourhood. (Survey of Lindsey, Cotton MS., British
Museum. Claudius, c. 5. A.D. 1114-1118.)
{166b} Notices of Hagworthingham.
{166c} Albemarle, or Aumarle, was a town in Normandy, now called Aumale,
whence the Duc d' Aumale, of the Royal family of France, takes his title.
Probably the Earl put in a claim for this demesne indirectly, because (as
already stated) Adeliza, Countess of Albemarle, was sister of Bishop Odo,
the former Lord of Thimbleby.
{166d} The Gaunts took their name from Gande, now Ghent, in Flanders.
Gilbert was the son of Baldwyn, Earl of Flanders, whose sister was
married to William the Conqueror. He was thus nephew to the Conqueror's
consort. He held 113 manors in Lincolnshire besides many others
elsewhere. Both he and his son Walter largely endowed Bardney Abbey.
The name of Gaunt still survives in our neighbourhood.
{166e} Notes on Bolingbroke, &c.
{167a} Feet of Fines, Lincoln, 31 Edward I.
{167b} _Architectural Society's Journal_, 1897, p. 52.
{167c} It may be nothing more than an accidental coincidence that the
name of Bartholomew occurs in the Thimbleby Register in modern times.
{167d} These charters belong to the Rev. J. A. Penny, Vicar of
Wispington, by whom they were communicated to _Lincs. Notes & Queries_,
vol. v, No. 38, April, 1897.
{168a} Harleian Charter, British Museum, 43 G, 52, B.M. _Lincs. Notes &
Queries_, Oct., 1898, p. 244.
{168b} Chancery Inquisition post mortem 6 Ed. III.
{168c} Chancery Inquisition post mortem, 34 Ed. III., and notes thereon,
_Architectural Society's Journal_, 1896, p. 257.
{168d} Court of Wards Inquisition, 3, 4, 5 Ed. VI., vol. 5, p. 91.
{169a} Harleian Charter, British Museum, 56 B, 49 B.M.
{169b} Myntlyng MS. of Spalding Priory, folio 7 b.
{170a} At the time of the Norman Conquest, according to Sir Henry Ellis,
there were 222 parish churches in the county, and only 131 resident
priests. Sharon Turner gives 226 churches, about half without a resident
minister.
{170b} Hundred Rolls, p. 299. Oliver's _Religious Houses_, p. 78.
{171a} _Lincs. Notes & Queries_, 1898, p. 135.
{171b} _History of Lincolnshire_, p. 334.
{172a} _Lincs. Notes & Queues_, vol. ii, p. 38.
{172b} I have been informed of this by the Rev. Edwin Richard Kemp, of
St. Anne's Lodge, Lincoln, who is a scion of a collateral branch of the
family, to be named next amongst the successive owners of the Hall-garth.
{173a} Weir's _History of Lincolnshire_, p. 334.
{173b} Henry Kemp and "Elinor" Panton were married in 1723. They had a
numerous family, including Michael, baptized May 2nd, 1731; Thomas,
baptized 1737, married 1768; and Robert, baptized 1740, married 1766.
Thomas and Robert were family names, which occurred in successive
generations. There were other branches of the family, whose
representatives still survive; including the Rev. Edwin R. Kemp, already
referred to, whose grandfather was first cousin of the last Thomas Kemp
residing at the Hall-garth. When the Kemp property was sold, a portion,
at one time belonging to William Barker, was bought by the Rev. R. E.
Kemp of Lincoln.
{173c} N. Bailey's _Dictionary_ 1740.
{173d} The Saxon word "caemban" meant "to comb," whence our words
"kempt" and "unkempt," applied to a tidy, neatly trimmed, or combed,
person, and the reverse; or used of other things, as Spenser, in his
_Faery Queen_, says:
"I greatly lothe thy wordes,
Uncourteous and unkempt."--Book III, canto x, stanza xxix.
On the other hand, more than 100 years before the days of the Huguenots,
there was a Cardinal John Kemp, afterwards consecrated Archbishop of
Canterbury, A.D. 1452, born at Wye, near Ashford in Kent. In the old
Rhyming Chronicle "Laweman's Brut," of date about A.D. 1205, we find
"Kemp" used as a parallel to "Knight," or warrior; as
"Three hundred cnihtes were also Kempes,
The faireste men that evere come here."
("Hengist and Horsa," Cottonian MS., Brit. Mus., "Otho," c. xiii.)
("Morris's _Specimens of early English_," p. 65.)
In Bedfordshire there is a village named Kempston, which, like Campton in
the same county, is supposed to be derived from the Saxon "Kemp," meaning
"battle." Taylor's _Words and Places_, p. 206.
{175} One of these Marshalls began life as the owner of property,
hunting in "pink," &c., but ended his days as the clerk of a neighbouring
parish. Another had a public-house and farm in another near parish; his
descendant is a beneficed clergyman in the diocese of Exeter.
{176a} There were six bells in the original church. These were sold by
the said churchwarden, who would appear to have been a zealous
iconoclast. According to one tradition they went to Billinghay, but as
the church there has only three bells, this is probably an error.
Another version is that they were transferred to Tetford church; had the
removal occurred in the time of the Thimblebys, this might not have been
improbable, as they were patrons of that benefice; but several other
churches claim this distinction, and, further, there are only three bells
in that church, so that this again is doubtless a mistake.
{176b} Gervase Holles gives the following as the inscription existing in
his time (circa 1640), "Hic jacet Gulielmus Brackenburg et Emmotta ejus
uxor, qui quidem Gulielmus obiit 6 die Januarii, An'o D'ni 1476, quorum
a'iabus p'pitietur Deus. Amen." There are, he adds, "figures of
themselves upon the stone, and ten children, all in brasse." Harleian
MS., Brit. Mus., No. 6,829, p. 177.
{177} In _Magna Britannia_ it is stated that he held 15 manors in this
county. In connection with the Paganell family it may here be noted that
a daughter, Maud, of Gilbert de Gaunt, married a Norman, Ralph Fitzooth;
their son William Fitzooth married the daughter of Beauchamp Paganell;
from whom sprung Robert Fitz Ooth, commonly known as Robin Hood.
Stukeley, _Palaeol Brit._, vol. ii, p. 115.
{178a} _Guardian_, Jan. 18th, 1905.
{178b} _Monasticon_, vol. i, 564-565.
{178c} _Lincs. Notes & Queries_, vol. iv, pp. 16, 17.
{178d} Weir's _History of Lincolnshire_, vol. i, p. 335. Ed. 1828.
{179} Harleian MSS., No. 6,829, p. 342.
{180a} It contains several entries of baptisms during the Commonwealth,
a period when, frequently, only births were allowed to be registered.
{180b} Testa de Nevill, folio 248 (536).
{183a} Testa de Nevill, fol. 348 (556).
{183b} _Domesday Book_.
{183c} Soc-men were small tenants who held their lands under the lord,
on the terms of doing certain agricultural service for him. Bordars,
from the Saxon "bord" a cottage, were a lower class of smaller tenants,
who had a cottage and small allotment, supplying to the lord more
continuous labour, and also eggs and poultry. By statute of Queen
Elizabeth (31 Eliz., c. 7), which probably only confirmed old usage, at
that time liable to fall into abeyance, it was enacted that any
proprietor electing a new cottage should be compelled to attach thereto
four acres of land. If something like this were done in these days we
should probably hear less of the rural population migrating to the towns,
to the increase of pauperage. There was a third still lower class of
dependents, not here mentioned, named villeins, who performed the meanest
labours; these were attached either to the land, or to the person of the
owner, and could be transferred from one to another owner, like goods or
chattels. Such a position of serfdom is unknown to the agricultural
labourer of modern times; and their name, as having belonged to the
lowest grade of society, now only survives as a synonym for a dishonest
person, a scoundrel or villain.
{184a} A "trentall" was thirty masses for the dead to be celebrated on
thirty several days.
{184b} _Lincs. Notes & Queries_, vol iv, pp. 12-13.
{185a} Weir's _History_, ed. 1828, p. 335.
{185b} Mr. Taylor in his _Words and Places_, p. 130, says that "there is
hardly a river named in England which is not celtic, _i.e._ British. The
name Waring is British; garw, or gwarw, is welsh, _i.e._ British, and
appears in other river names, as the Yarrow and Garry in Scotland, and
the Garonne in France.
{186} This bridge was taken down and a wider and more substantial one
erected in 1899.
{187a} _Lincs. Notes & Queries_, vol. iii. p. 218.
{187b} _Ibid._, pp. 87, 88.
{187c} _Lincs. Notes & Queries_, vol. iv. pp. 212, 213.
{188a} Canon Maddison, _Architectural Society's Journal_, 1897, p. l62.
{188b} In the old Register Book of Burials, &c., of the parish of
"Toynton Inferior," is an entry of the burial of "--- Newcomen ye 17th
November, 1592." The Christian name is undecipherable.
{190a} Sewer is a common local name for a drain, or even a clear running
stream. Such a stream, called the Sewer, rises at Well-syke Wood in this
parish, and runs into the Witham river, nearly four miles distant,
perfectly limpid throughout its course. As to the name Well-syke, "sike"
is an old term for a "beck," or small running stream. "Sykes and meres"
are frequently mentioned in old documents connected with land. The word
syke is doubtless connected with "soak," and this wood was so named
because the "syke" welled up within a marshy part of it.
{190b} _Architectural Society's Journal_, vol. xxiii, pp. 122 and 132.
{190c} Harleyan MS., No. 6829, p. 244.
{191} It was at Roughton in 1631.
{192a} _Lincs. Notes & Queries_, vol. iii, pp. 245-6.
{192b} Harleyan MS., No. 6829, p. 245.
{194a} Sir Jos. Banks was Lord of the Manor.
{194b} Archdeacn Churton's _English Church_; Introd. _Domesday Book_, by
C. Gowen Smith, p. xxxii.
{195a} Harleyan MS., No. 6829, p. 218.
{195b} Burn's _Justice_, vol. v, pp. 823-4.
{196a} _Revesby Deeds & Charters_, published by Right Hon. E. Stanhope,
No. 150.
{196b} _Architectural Society's Journal_, 1894, p. 214.
{196c} _Architectural Society's Journal_, 1891, p. 24, and 1897, pp.
145-163.
{196d} _Architectural Society's Journal_, 1897, pp. 75, 79.
{196e} _Lincs. Notes & Queries_, vol. iii, p. 215.
{198a} A pamphlet on _The Ayscough family and their connections_, by J.
Conway Walter, 1896.
{198b} _Lincolnshire Wills_, by Canon Maddison.
{198c} At this early period, partly perhaps owing to laxity of morals,
but partly because the papal supremacy was not fully recognised, celibacy
of the clergy was not strictly enforced. On the accession of Queen Mary
great numbers of them were found to be married. She issued "Injunctions"
to the bishops in 1553-4, ordering them to deprive all such of their
benefices; although some of them, on doing public penance, were restored
to their position. In the Lincoln Lists of Institutions to Benefices, at
that period, many of the vacancies are stated to have occurred, owing to
the deprivation of the previous incumbent; and in some cases, as at
Knebworth, Herts., and at Haversham, Bucks, (both then in the Lincoln
diocese), it is specified that the incumbent so deprived was married
(sacerdos conjugatus). _Lincs. Notes & Queries_, vol. v, p. 174.
{198d} One derivation of the name Revesby is from "reeve," a fox, or
rover, and we still call the fox the "little red rover."
{201a} The Glenham family were at one time located at Miningsby; when
the Revesby estates passed from the Duke of Suffolk, Thomas Glenham,
Esq., with Sir Henry Sidney, and some others, succeeded to different
portions.
{201b} _Words and Plans_, by J. Taylor.
{202} This tract of forest probably was very extensive. We know that in
the north-west of the county, and extending to near Doncaster, there was
the forest of Celidon; south of that was Sherwood forest. In Holland
there was the forest of "Haut Huntre" (its Norman name); and there is a
tradition, in our neighbourhood, of a church, not far from Old
Bolingbroke, being called "St. Luke's in the Forest," now known as
Stickney; this name itself probably meaning a "sticken," or staked,
island; a kind of preserved oasis, or clearing, in a wilderness of wood
and morass. _Architectural Society's Journal_, 1858, p. 231.
{203a} This has also been quoted in the Notes on High Toynton; and
another case of a similar tenure of land is mentioned in the Notes on
Hameringham.
{203b} _Lincs. Notes & Queues_, vol. iii, pp. 245-6.
{203c} _Domesday Book_, "Land of Robert Despenser."
{204} In _Domesday Book_ the chief features are "the woodland" and
"fisheries," no less than 10 of the latter are named as belonging to
Robert Despenser.
{205} Harleyan MS., No. 6829, pp. 179-182, given in Weir's _History of
Horncastle_, pp. 50-53.
{206a} In the reign of Mary Sir Edward Dymoke married Anne, daughter of
Sir G. Taillebois.
{206b} _Gentleman's Magazine_, April, 1826.
{207a} _Lincs. Notes & Queries_, vol. ii, p. 108.
{207b} _Lincs. Notes & Queries_, vol. iv, pp. 119-120.
{208a} Mr. Tyrwhitt, like many other clergy in his day, was
non-resident; the duty being performed by a curate, the Rev. W. Robinson,
who held also the rectory of Moorby, but resided in Horncastle.
{208b} _Lincs. Notes & Queries_, vol. ii, p. 39.
{209} The writer of these notes in his youth used to visit a farmer,
living in the fen, whose father was among the first to erect his
farmstead in that locality. He had first to solidify the site of his
dwelling by importing soil by boat; and, when that was effected, to
import by boat all the materials for the buildings; the construction of
roads followed; and thus in course of time a waste of morass became one
of the most fertile tracts in the country.