[1312] _Foedera_, vol. i. pt. i. p. 144.
[1313] R. Coggeshall, p. 184. Cf. W. Coventry, vol. ii. p. 231, and R.
Wendover, vol. iii. p. 385.
[1314] R. Coggeshall, _l.c._
[1315] Cf. W. Coventry, vol. ii. p. 232; M. Paris, _Chron. Maj._ vol.
ii. p. 668; and _Hist. Angl._ vol. ii. p. 194.
[1316] R. Coggeshall, _l.c._
[1317] R. Wendover, vol. iii. pp. 385, 386.
[1318]
“Hoc in sarcophago sepelitur regis imago,
Qui moriens multum sedavit in orbe tumultum.”
R. Wendover, vol. iii. p. 386.
[1319] M. Paris, _Hist. Angl._ vol. ii. p. 191.
NOTE I
JOHN AND THE DE BRAOSES
The fullest account of the quarrel of King John and William de Braose
is contained in a document printed in _Foedera_, vol. i. pt. i. pp.
107, 108. This is a letter or manifesto addressed by John, after the
fall of De Braose, “to all who may read it,” witnessed by the justiciar
(Geoffrey Fitz-Peter), the earls of Salisbury, Winchester, Clare,
Hertford, and Ferrars, Robert Fitz-Walter, William Brewer, Hugh de
Neville, William d’Aubigny, Adam de Port, Hugh de Gournay, William de
Mowbray “and others,” and evidently intended as a public defence of
the king’s conduct towards William. Coming from John, and under such
circumstances, its truthfulness is necessarily open to suspicion;
but it is hardly conceivable that so many witnesses of such rank and
character as those enumerated should have set their hands to it if it
contained any gross misrepresentations of matters which must have been
well known to most of them; one of these witnesses, indeed, the earl of
Ferrars, is stated in the letter itself to have been De Braose’s own
nephew, and another, Adam de Port, his brother-in-law. The only point
on which the letter seems to be at variance with any other contemporary
authority is the amount of the debt owed by De Braose to the king at
the end of 1207 or beginning of 1208. John says (_l.c._ p. 107), that
William then owed him the whole of the 5000 marks due for the honour of
Limerick, and had only paid him one sum of 100 marks for the ferm of
the city “which he had held for five years” (strictly speaking, it was,
at the utmost, four years and a half). The Pipe Rolls of 1206, 1207,
1208, 1209, and 1210 (8–12 John), however, all state the sum still owed
by William for the honour of Limerick as £2865: 6: 8 (= 4298 marks),
thus implying that £468, or 702 marks, had been paid before Michaelmas
1206. In the Roll of that year the city of Limerick is not mentioned;
but in each of the later Rolls William is said to owe £80 for its
tallage, and 100 marks for its ferm for one year (Sweetman, _Calendar_,
vol. i. pp. 46, 55, 58, 68). This does not necessarily imply that the
ferm for the other years had not been paid; for the original grant of
the custody of the city of Limerick to De Braose in July 1203 and the
writ ordering its restoration to him in August 1205 both specify that
he is to pay its ferm “to our exchequer _in Dublin_” (_Rot. Chart._ p.
107 b; _Rot. Claus._ vol. i. p. 47). As there are no remaining records
of the Dublin Exchequer of so early a date, we cannot certainly know
what was or was not paid in there. The strange thing is not that the
English Exchequer should claim only one year’s ferm for Limerick, but
that it should have any claim at all in the matter. The restoration of
the city to De Braose in August 1205 was ordered to be conditional on
his finding security, within forty days, for the payment of the arrears
of the ferm. That the restoration was actually made, and therefore that
he gave the security, is plain; but there is nothing to show that he
ever redeemed his pledge, or that he paid the ferm for the succeeding
years.
The story of John’s vengeance on the family of De Braose appears,
in slightly varied forms, in almost every chronicle of the period.
Ralph of Coggeshall (p. 164), Roger of Wendover (vol. iii. p. 235)
and the _Brut y Tywysogion_ (a. 1209) say the victims were “slain in
Windsor castle”; the Annals of Dunstable and of Oseney (a. 1210), that
they “died in prison,” without specifying where or how. The Barnwell
Annalist (W. Coventry, vol. ii. p. 202) and the Annals of Margan,
Tewkesbury, Waverley, Winchester, and Worcester (a. 1210) say they were
starved to death. The _Hist. des Ducs de Normandie_ (pp. 114–115) says
they were imprisoned “el castiel del Corf,” with no food save “une
garbe d’avoine e i bacon cru,” and describes with gruesome minuteness
the attitudes in which, on the eleventh day, they were found dead.
Ralph of Coggeshall makes the victims William de Braose’s wife and
“sons” (_filii_); Roger of Wendover, his wife, eldest son, and that
son’s wife; the _Ann. Winton._, wife and “younger” son; the _Ann.
Tewkesb._, wife and “children” (_liberi_); while the _Ann. Dunst._
say: “Cepit [rex] Willelmum de Lacy, et Willelmum de Brause juniorem,
et sororem ejus, et Matildem matrem ejus; qui in carcere post modum
perierunt.” All the other writers speak only of the wife and one son,
whom the _Ann. Osen._ call “Willelmus primogenitus ejus,” and the _Ann.
Wigorn._ “haeres.” This latter version is undoubtedly the correct one
as to the last point; of De Braose’s three sons, the eldest, William,
alone was in John’s power; Giles, the second, was bishop of Hereford
and safe beyond the sea, while the third, Reginald, had escaped
capture, and lived to recover the greater part of the family heritage.
One of the daughters--the wife of Hugh Mortimer--had been taken
prisoner with her mother and eldest brother (_Foedera_, vol. i. pt. i.
p. 107); but she did not share their fate, for she was set free in 1214
(_Rot. Pat._ vol. i. p. 122); and Roger of Wendover is certainly wrong
about the younger William’s wife, who was still living in July 1220
(_Royal Letters_, ed. Shirley, vol. i. p. 136). The elder William died,
an exile in France, about a year after this tragedy (R. Wend. vol. iii.
p. 237).
NOTE II
EUSTACE DE VESCI AND ROBERT FITZ-WALTER
Eustace de Vesci and Robert Fitz-Walter have long figured in history as
typical examples of the way in which individual barons were goaded into
hatred and vengeance against John by his invasions of their domestic
peace, and also as foremost among the “patriots” to whom England is
supposed to be indebted for her Great Charter. On both aspects of
the lives of these two men--especially of the life of Fitz-Walter,
whom Professor Tout has glorified as “the first champion of English
liberty”--a few considerations may be offered here.
1. The earliest mention of John’s unsuccessful attempt to entrap
the wife of Eustace de Vesci is in an addition made by a chronicler
at Furness Abbey, writing c. 1270–1298, to the Stanley chronicler’s
continuation of the history of William of Newburgh. This Furness writer
(Howlett, _Chron. of Stephen_, etc., vol. ii. p. 521) merely states the
bare fact, without any details, in the briefest and simplest way, and
without any clue to the date. Walter of Hemingburgh, who was living
in 1313, tells the story in an elaborate form which is certainly not
impossible, perhaps not even very improbable, although it somewhat
resembles a story in Procopius (see _Dic. Nat. Biogr._ “Vesci, Eustace
de”). Walter gives it as an illustration of John’s character, of which
he inserts a picture--painted in the most frightful colours--between
the coming of the Franciscans in 1212 and the rising of the barons in
1215; but he connects the incident directly with the latter event,
representing Eustace as inducing those of his fellow-barons whom the
king had injured in a similar way to join him in a common effort for
vengeance, which widens into the struggle for the Charter (Hemingburgh,
vol. i. pp. 247–9). The affair would thus seem to have occurred some
years after Eustace’s desertion from the king’s host and flight from
England in 1212; a desertion for which, therefore, it cannot serve as
an excuse.
2. The legend of Robert Fitz-Walter’s daughter which became famous in
prose and verse in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries is based
upon a passage in the Chronicle of Dunmow, printed in _Monasticon_,
vol. vi. pt. i. p. 147. This chronicle, written in a monastery of which
the Fitz-Walters were patrons, begins with the year 1054, but the MS.
(Cott. Cleopatra C. iii.) is of the end of the fifteenth century; it
ends at the year 1501. The story is placed in 1216, and is briefly
this: John demands Robert’s daughter, the fair maiden Matilda; her
father refuses to give her up to him; the civil war breaks out, and
the city of London joins the barons; afterwards they are worsted,
whereupon the king destroys Robert’s fortress in London--Castle
Baynard--and causes Matilda to be poisoned at Robert’s manor of Dunmow.
Meanwhile Robert has fled to France. War continues on both sides of
the Channel. Presently John goes to France, and has a conference with
Philip Augustus; Robert Fitz-Walter displays his prowess in a single
combat in presence of both the kings; John admires his valour, they are
reconciled, and remain friends from that time forth.
On a tale so monstrous and so nonsensical as this, comment is needless.
There is, however, a much earlier and more rational account of the
quarrel between John and Fitz-Walter. According to the contemporary
_Histoire des Ducs de Normandie_, Robert Fitz-Walter, “qui estoit uns
des plus haus homes d’Engletierre et uns des plus poissans” (he was
lord of Dunmow in Essex, of Baynard’s Castle in London, and also, by
his marriage with an heiress, of large estates in the north), had two
daughters, of whom the elder was married to Geoffrey de Mandeville,
eldest son of Geoffrey Fitz-Peter, chief justiciar of England. “Une
fois” when the king was visiting Marlborough, a quarrel for lodgings
arose between the servants of this young Geoffrey and those of William
Brewer; they came to blows, and Brewer’s chief “sergeant” was slain by
the hand of Geoffrey himself. Geoffrey, fearing the wrath of the king,
whom he knew to be jealous of his father’s power and wealth, fled to
his wife’s father, who went to intercede for him with the king; John,
however, “jura les dens Diu que non auroit (merchi), ains le feroit
pendre, se il le pooit tenir.” Robert in return swore “Par _Corpus
Domini_, non ferés! ains en verriés ii. m. hiaumes laciés en vostre
tierre, que chil fust pendus qui ma fille a.” At last John promised
a “day” for agreement between himself and Geoffrey at Nottingham,
intending to seize him at his coming; but Robert, “ki le roi connissoit
à moult gaignart,” came with his son-in-law, and with five hundred
knights at his back. The king then proposed another “day,” and the
same thing happened a second time. Then John began to plot vengeance
upon Robert; he sent secret orders to “ses bourgois de Londres, qui
se faisoient apelier baron,” to pull down Castle Baynard; and they,
not daring to disobey him, did as they were bid. Robert, knowing very
well that they had acted on an order from the king, fled over sea with
his wife and children. On reaching the Continent “il fist à entendre
par tout que li rois Jehans voloit sa fille aisnée, qui feme estoit
Joffroi de Mandeville, avoir à force à amie, et por chou que il ne le
vaut soufrir, l’avoit il chacié de sa tierre et tout le sien tolut.”
This was the tale which he also told to King Philip of France, at
whose court he--after staying some time at Arras--presented himself
just as Philip was preparing to invade England. When the invasion had
been checked by John’s submission to Pandulf and Pandulf’s prohibition
to Philip, Robert went to “Pandoufle le clerc” and to him told another
tale: “li dist que il s’estoit partis d’Engletierre por le roi qui
escumeniiés estoit, car il ne voloit pas estre en la compaignie des
escumeniiés; et por chou li avoit li rois toute sa terre tolue”;
wherefore he begged Pandulf, now that the king was excommunicate no
longer, to make peace for him and get him back his land, which Pandulf
accordingly did (_Hist. des Ducs_, pp. 115–25).
Here, at any rate, it is clear that the date of the quarrel cannot
have been later than the spring of 1213; perhaps, as we are not told
how long Robert stayed in Flanders before going to France, it might be
some months earlier. This agrees with the date assigned to Robert’s
flight from England by the Barnwell annalist, Ralph of Coggeshall, and
Roger of Wendover, all of whom place it in the latter part of 1212
(see below, p. 292). The cause of the flight, however, still remains
doubtful. It will be observed that the writer of the _Histoire des
Ducs_, speaking in his own person, makes the quarrel between John and
Robert arise out of John’s enmity to Robert’s son-in-law, Geoffrey
de Mandeville, and also makes that enmity originate in the king’s
jealousy of Geoffrey’s father (the Justiciar), without a word about
Geoffrey’s wife; but that he represents Robert Fitz-Walter as having
given to different persons two different accounts of the matter,
both of which are quite distinct not only from the account given by
the writer himself, but also from each other. To the third of these
three accounts--the assertion which Robert is said to have made to
Pandulf, that he left England because he would not keep company with
an excommunicate sovereign--it is hardly possible for any one who has
read the story of the years of interdict to attach any weight. Robert’s
appeal to Pandulf, moreover, is chronologically out of place; it is
represented as having been made after John’s agreement with Pandulf,
whereas in reality the restoration of Robert Fitz-Walter, and also of
Eustace de Vesci, was one of the conditions of that agreement. The
statement which Robert is said to have made “everywhere,” on the other
hand, is only too likely to be true, and may well contain the true
explanation of John’s designs against the husband of Fitz-Walter’s
daughter; while none of the three versions is incompatible with either
of the others. Still the fact remains that three different versions are
thus given--two on the alleged authority of Robert Fitz-Walter, one on
his own authority--by a writer who was strictly contemporary, and who
ranks as one of the best, and certainly the most impartial, of our
informants on the closing years of John’s reign; and this fact leaves
a somewhat sinister impression as to the opinion which that writer,
at least, entertained of the truthfulness of the “first champion of
English liberty.”
The main facts which can be gathered from other sources as to Robert
Fitz-Walter’s relations with the king are these. In 1203 he and
Saher de Quincy were jointly charged by John with the defence of the
castle of Vaudreuil. They surrendered the place to Philip Augustus
under circumstances so exceptionally disgraceful that Philip himself
felt constrained to make an example of them as cowards and traitors
of too deep a dye to be left unpunished, and flung them into prison
at Compiègne, whence they were only released on payment of a heavy
ransom (R. Wend. iii. 172; R. Coggeshall, pp. 143, 144). “Ex qua re,”
adds Ralf of Coggeshall, “facti sunt in derisum et in opprobrium omni
populo utriusque regni, canticum eorum tota die, ac generositatis
suae maculaverunt gloriam” (cf. _Hist. des Ducs_, p. 97). Alone, the
sovereign whom they had betrayed sought to shield their reputation at
the risk of his own. Of course he acted from a motive of self-interest.
As neither Robert nor Saher held any lands in Normandy, their money was
to Philip more useful than their personal adhesion could have been. But
for John the friendship of two barons of such importance in England was
worth buying back, and he endeavoured to secure it by treating them
with an exaggerated generosity which was evidently designed to impress
them by its contrast with Philip’s severity; he issued (July 5, 1203)
letters patent declaring that they had surrendered Vaudreuil under a
warrant from himself, and ordering that neither they nor its garrison
should be made to suffer for their act (_Rot. Pat._ vol. i. p. 31).
Fitz-Walter therefore came back in peace to his English possessions.
Like Eustace de Vesci, he joined the host which John gathered for a
Welsh war in 1212; like Eustace, too, he withdrew from it secretly
on learning that John had received a warning of treason in its ranks
(_Ann. Waverl._ a. 1212); and like Eustace, again, he did not come
when summoned to make his “purgation” with the other barons, but, as
has been already seen, fled the country instead (W. Coventry, ii. 207;
R. Coggeshall, p. 165; R. Wendover, iii. 240). The Barnwell annalist
(W. Coventry, _l.c._) dates the demolition of Castle Baynard, and of
Robert’s other castles, after his flight; the Annals of Dunstable place
the destruction of Castle Baynard a year earlier, viz. in 1211.
There remains the question: What was the reason for the special
mention of Eustace de Vesci and Robert Fitz-Walter in the terms of
reconciliation between the Pope and John? At first glance it seems
natural to infer that there must have been some peculiar injustice in
John’s outlawry of these two men, to make their restoration a matter
for intervention on the part of the Pope. But, as has been seen, all
the ascertained facts of the case point the opposite way. If indeed
Fitz-Walter’s alleged assertion to Pandulf, that he had fled on account
of the king’s excommunication, were true, he would naturally be among
the “laicis ad hoc negotium contingentibus” (R. Wendover, iii. 248),
while the fact that the rest of these lay sufferers seem to have been
all of lower rank might possibly account for his being specially
mentioned by name. But it was not true; and with regard to De Vesci no
such assertion is mentioned. Nevertheless, it is extremely probable
that both Fitz-Walter and De Vesci may have contrived to represent to
the Pope or his commissioner the cause of their exile in the way in
which Fitz-Walter is described as representing his own case to Pandulf;
and neither Pandulf nor Innocent could have at his command the means of
knowing what all the evidence now available goes to show--that these
two men had fled their country and left their property to fall into the
king’s hand, not for conscience’s sake, but because their consciences
accused them of treason.
INDEX
Adela of France, 21, 22, 40
Albemarle, earl of, 272, 281
Alençon, John of, 51
Alençon, Robert, count of, 89
Alençon, siege of, 94
Alexander III., Pope, 19
Alexander of Scotland, 162, 258–260, 273, 276, 278, 279
Angers occupied by Bretons, 61, 89;
John at, 74, 115, 200
Angoulême, Ademar, count of, 75–77, 87
Angoulême, Isabel of, 76, 77, 89
Anjou, Arthur acknowledged in, 61;
John in, 115, 200, 201
Aquitaine, Richard made duke of, 1;
proposal to transfer it to John, 8, 9.
_See_ Gascony, Poitou
Ardenne, Ralf of, 107
Arques, siege of, 87;
surrender, 102
Arthur of Britanny, 36, 57, 58, 61, 71, 85, 86, 90–92
Articles of the Barons, 213–217, 227, 233
Arundel, earl of, 272
Athies, Gerald of, 150
Aubigny, William of, 80, 248, 251
Auvergne ceded to France, 73
Axholme ravaged, 279
Baldwin, archbishop of Canterbury, 20, 26
Balliol, Hugh de, 274, 276
Bangor burnt, 158;
bishop of, _see_ Robert
Barham Down, muster on, 177
Barnard Castle, siege of, 276
Barons, English, their attitude after Richard’s death, 64;
swear obedience to John, 104;
grievances against him, 122–125, 131;
refuse foreign service, 186, 189;
meet John at Wallingford, 191;
refuse to pay scutage, 210;
relations with Langton, 211, 212, 218, 219;
meeting at S. Edmund’s, 221;
demand Henry I.’s charter, _ib._;
appeal to the Pope, 225;
assemble in arms, 226;
their “schedule,” 227;
defy the king, 228;
besiege Northampton, _ib._;
Bedford surrendered to, 229;
refuse arbitration, _ib._;
win London, _ib._;
plunder the Jews, 230;
take Exeter, _ib._;
evacuate it, 231;
besiege the Tower, 232;
seize Lincoln, _ib._;
break their promise to John, 236;
insolence to him, 238;
prepare for war, 239;
spoil the forests, 241;
meet bishops, 242, 243;
usurp sheriffdoms, 243;
propose to elect a new king, 244;
advance against John, 248;
retreat, _ib._;
attempt relief of Rochester, 250;
negotiate with John, 252;
offer crown to Louis, 253, 254;
northern, do homage to Alexander, 259;
of the Irish March, support John, 172, 173;
of Poitou betray John, 201
Barri, William de, footnote 600
Beauchamp, William de, 229
Beaufort, John and S. Hugh at, 60
Beaumont, Adam de, 272
Bedford surrendered to the barons, 229
Belvoir surrendered to John, 256
Berwick taken by John, 260
Béthune, Robert de, 230, 255
Bishops, English, their flight, 130;
restoration and restitution, 188, 190, 191, 206;
claim free election for churches, 192;
confer with barons, 242, 243;
proclaim excommunication of “disturbers,” 243
Blanche of Castille, 73
Bolton, meeting of John and William the Lion at, 132
Boulogne, Reginald, count of, 68, 70, 107, 108, 185, 202, 203
Bourges ceded to France, 73
Bouvines, battle of, 203
Boves, Hugh de, 202, 203, 241, footnote 1112
Brabant, duke of, 202
Braose, Giles de, bishop of Hereford, footnote 989, 288
Braose, Margaret de, 140, 281
Braose, Maud, wife of William de, 149–152, 155, 156, 288
Braose, Maud de, wife of Griffith ap Rees, 140
Braose, Philip de, 15, 139
Braose, Reginald de, 152, 288
Braose, William de, 139–141, 144–147, 149–151, 155, 156, 287, 288
Braose, William de, the younger, 152, 156, 288
Bréauté, Falkes de, 232, 247, 255, 281, 285
Brewer, William, 222, 255, 285
Brezolles, siege of, 54
Britanny, Alice of, 200
Britanny, Arthur of, _see_ Arthur
Britanny, Constance of, _see_ Constance
Britanny, Eleanor of, 196
Britanny, Geoffrey of, _see_ Geoffrey
Britanny, Peter, count of, _see_ Dreux
Brus, Peter de, 263, 273
Buck, Walter, 255
Burgh, Hubert de, 80, 90, 231, 233, 237, 252, 269, 274, 280, 281
Burgh, William de, 138, 139, 141, 142
Caermarthen, Rees and John at, 25
Cambridgeshire ravaged, 257, 278
Camville, Gerard de, 31, 33, 35
Canterbury, John at, 118;
disputed election to see, 119–121;
archbishops of, _see_ Baldwin, Hubert, Langton
Carlisle attacked by Alexander, 260;
siege of, 273
Carrick, Duncan, lord of, 152
Carrickfergus, siege of, 152
Casamario, abbot of, 94, 100
Casinghem, William of, 280
Castles in John’s lands, 26, 27;
disputes between John and Longchamp about, 31–35;
royal, John’s designs on, 39, 41;
the barons’, demanded by John, 80
Cathal Carrach O’Conor, king of Connaught, 139
Cathal Crovderg O’Conor, king of Connaught, 139, 142
Châlus, siege of, 56
Charter of Henry I., 211, 219–221;
the Great, 233–236;
quashed by the Pope, 246
Château-Gaillard, 55, 94;
siege of, 95;
attempted relief, 96, 97;
fall, 100
Châteauroux, siege of, 20, 21
Chester, muster at, 158
Chester, Ralf, earl of, 50, 58, 65, 285
Chichester, bishop of, _see_ Richard
Chinon surrendered to Philip Augustus, 113
Cinque Ports, their relations with John, 132, 163, 280
Cistercians, their quarrel with John, 73;
claim exemption from interdict, 129;
John’s spoliations of, 160, 171
Clare, Isabel de, 29, 148
Clare, Richard de, earl of Striguil, 12
Clare, Richard, earl of, 65, 252, 255, 261
Clergy, John’s dealings with, 128, 129, 136, 187, 207
Cogan, Miles, 13–16
Cogan, Richard, 16, 138
Colchester, siege of, 261
“Commune” of 1205, 104
“Commune” of London, 39
Connaught, civil war in, 139;
kings of, _see_ Cathal, Roderic
Constance of Britanny, 5, 9, 58, 61, 71, 85
Corfe, Peter of Pontefract imprisoned at, 170
Cork, city, constables of, 15, 16;
“English” driven out of, 138;
county, 153;
kingdom, 14, 15.
_See_ Desmond
Cornhill, Reginald of, 248
Counties in Ireland, the earliest, 153
Courcy, John de, 13, 16, 19, 137–139, 143, 152
Coventry, bishop of, _see_ Nonant
Crowland burnt by John, 278
Croxton, abbot of, 283–285
Culvertage, 176
Cumin, John, archbishop of Dublin, 17, 18
Curson, Robert, 204
Cuthred MacWilliam, 162, 163
Desmond, 14, 15;
fiefs in, 138.
_See_ Cork
Dover, siege of, 280;
raised, 281
Dreux, Robert, count of, 200
Dreux, Robert of, the younger, 273, 276, 281
Dreux, Peter of, count of Britanny, 200, 241, 280
Driencourt seized by John, 78
Dublin, held by Henry II., 12;
John’s charter to, 138;
John in, 152, 153;
archbishops of, _see_ Cumin, O’Toole
Durand, 160, 162
Durham, bishops of, _see_ Philip, Puiset
Eleanor of Aquitaine, queen of England, 1, 30, 41, 43, 63, 69, 73, 86,
103
Ely sacked, 258
England, condition of, under John, 212–217
Erlée, John d’, footnote 238, footnote 256
Escheats, inquiry concerning, 163
Essex harried, 257;
earls of, _see_ Mandeville, Fitz-Peter
Eu, count of, _see_ Lusignan
Evreux, John at, 53;
burnt by Philip, 55;
county of, 73
Ewell, John does homage to the Pope at, 180
Exeter taken by the barons, 230;
evacuated, 231;
besieged, 281
Falaise, siege of, 102
Felton, homage of barons to Alexander at, 259
Ferrars, William, Earl, 50, 65, 150, 179, 285
Fitz-Audeline, William, 13, 14
Fitz-Henry, Meiler, 13, 138, 141–149
Fitz-Herbert, Herbert, 14
Fitz-Herbert, William, 14
Fitz-Payne, Ralf, 148
Fitz-Peter, Geoffrey, earl of Essex and justiciar, 62, 64, 65, 128,
194
Fitz-Stephen, Robert, 14–16
Fitz-Walter, Robert, 169, 171, 187, 219, 228, 239, 249, 250, 252, 257,
270, 289–293
Flanders, Baldwin, count of, 68
Flanders, Ferrand, count of, 185, 196, 203
Fleet, the English, 104, 176, 178, 193, 267
Fontevraud, John at, 59, 60
Forest law, hardships of, 213
Framlingham castle surrenders to John, 261
France, king of, _see_ Philip
Franceis, William, 8
Frederic, king of Sicily, 174, 175
Fréteval, battle of, 54
Furnes, Thomas of, 61
Galloway, Alan of, 168
Gant, Gilbert de, 273, 276, 278, 279
Gascony, John in, 74, 114;
adheres to him, 103
Geoffrey, duke of Britanny, 2, 9, 10, 20
Geoffrey, bishop-elect of Lincoln, 8;
chancellor, 20;
archbishop of York, 36–38, 46, 126, 127
Gerald of Wales, his picture of Geoffrey and John, 10, 11
Glanville, Ranulf de, 8
Gloucester, Isabel of, 7, 25, 26, 75, 196
Gloucester, William, earl of, 6
Gournay, Hugh of, 96
Graçay ceded to France, 73
Gray, Walter de, 193
Grey, John de, bishop of Norwich, 119, 120, 130;
justiciar in Ireland, 149, 151, footnote 793, 194
Griffith, prince of South Wales, 135, 140
Gualo, cardinal and legate, 264–268, 270, 285
Gwenwynwyn, prince of Powys, 135
Hardel, William, mayor of London, 270
Haye, Nicola de, footnote 140, 276
Hedingham, siege of, 261
Henry I., charter of, 211, 219–221
Henry II., king of England, 1–3, 5, 7, 8, 9, 11–17, 19–24
Henry VI., emperor, 49, 164
Henry, son of Henry II., 1–3, 5, 6, 8
Henry, son of King John, footnote 575, 283, 284
Heraclius, patriarch of Jerusalem, 11, 12
Hereford, bishop of, _see_ Braose
Hertfordshire harried, 257
Holland, Ada, countess of, footnote 740
Holland, William, count of, footnote 740, 202, 273
Howels, Hugh of, 99
Hubert Walter, bishop of Salisbury, 46;
archbishop of Canterbury, 50, 62, 64, 65, 83, 105, 107, 110, 113
Hugh, S., bishop of Lincoln, 38, 59–61, 78
Huntingdon, David, earl of, 25, 50, 65, 67
Huntingdonshire ravaged, 257
Ingebiorg, wife of Philip Augustus, 72
Innocent III., Pope, attitude towards John’s divorce, 75;
sends arbitrators to Philip and John, 94;
quashes elections to Canterbury, 120;
consecrates Langton, 127;
lays England under interdict, _ib._;
negotiations with John, 129;
crowns Otto, 166;
excommunicates him, _ib._;
bids Philip depose John, 175;
order for elections to churches, 192;
mediates between John and Philip, 204;
John and the barons appeal to, 225;
his answers, _ib._, 226;
excommunicates “disturbers of king and kingdom,” 242;
quashes the Charter, 246;
excommunicates rebels by name, 262;
interdicts London, _ib._;
forbids Louis’s expedition, 264
Interdict in England, 127;
Cistercians claim exemption from, 129;
raised, 207;
London under, 262, 270
Ireland, lordship of, granted by Henry II. to John, 17;
extent of English dominions in, 12;
John in, 17–19;
John’s lordship of, 28;
succession of justiciars in, footnote 595;
John’s second visit to, 152, 153;
counties in, 153.
_See_ March
Isabel of Angoulême, _see_ Angoulême
Isabel of Gloucester, _see_ Gloucester
Issoudun ceded to France, 73
Jerusalem, kingdom of, 11
Jews, persecuted by John, 137;
plundered by the barons, 230
Joan, daughter of John and Isabel, 198
Joan, daughter of John and wife of Llywelyn, 135, 158, 169
John Lackland born, 1;
his surname, 2;
alleged grant of Mortain to, 3;
betrothed to Alice of Maurienne, 4, 5;
provision for him in 1174, 6;
betrothed to Isabel of Gloucester, 7;
named lord of Ireland, _ib._;
his early years, _ib._, 8;
compared with Geoffrey, 10;
character, _ib._, 11;
offered crown of Jerusalem, 11, 12;
knighted, 12;
receives homage for Irish fiefs, 14;
visits Ireland, 17–19;
project for his crowning, 19;
his first campaign, 20, 21;
proposal to marry him to Adela, 21, 22;
with Henry at Le Mans, 22;
leaves him, _ib._, 23;
count of Mortain, 24, 25;
marriage, 25;
dealings with Wales, _ib._, 26;
his lands interdicted, 26;
their extent, 26–28;
his household, 28, 29;
despoils William the Marshal, 29;
oath of absence from England, 30;
returns, _ib._;
rivalry with Longchamp, 31–38;
recognised as heir to the Crown, 39;
league with Philip Augustus, 40;
dealings with Longchamp and Puiset, 41, 42;
with the justiciars, 43, 44;
goes to Normandy, 44;
treaty with Philip, 45;
rebellion, 45, 46;
Richard’s opinion of, 47;
intrigues with Philip, 49;
cited for trial, 50, 51;
reconciled with Richard, 52;
his lands confiscated, _ib._;
recovers Evreux for Richard, 53;
helps Richard against Philip, 53–55;
ratifies exchange of Andely, 55;
accused by Philip to Richard, _ib._;
leaves Richard, 56;
designated as his heir, _ib._;
William of Newburgh’s character of, 58;
goes to Britanny, 59;
acknowledged by Angevin barons, _ib._;
relations with S. Hugh, 59–61;
goes to Normandy, 61;
crowned duke, 62;
regains Le Mans, 63;
goes to England, _ib._;
crowned, _ib._, 65, 66;
dealings with Scotland, 66, 67;
goes to Normandy, 68;
truce with Philip, _ib._;
alliance with Flanders, _ib._;
French barons do homage to, 69, 70;
agreement with William des Roches, 70;
joined by Arthur and Constance, 71;
returns to Normandy, 72;
truce with Philip, _ib._;
goes to Aquitaine, _ib._;
meets Philip, _ib._;
goes to England, 73;
quarrels with the Cistercians, _ib._;
treaty with Philip, _ib._;
does him homage, 74;
goes to the south, _ib._;
his divorce, 75;
second marriage, 77;
returns to England, _ib._;
receives homage of William the Lion, 78;
quarrel with the Lusignans, _ib._, 79;
with English earls, 80;
takes money from the host, _ib._;
returns to Normandy, 81;
visits Paris, _ib._;
appeals the Poitevin barons of treason, _ib._;
treaty with Navarre, 83;
cited for trial, _ib._;
fails to appear, 84;
summons Arthur, 85;
relieves Mirebeau, 86;
returns to Normandy, 87;
burns Tours, _ib._;
keeps Christmas at Caen, 89;
visits Alençon, _ib._;
designs against Arthur, 90;
indifference to Philip’s successes, 93;
complains of Philip to the Pope, 94;
besieges Alençon, _ib._;
his building at Château-Gaillard, 95;
nicknamed “Softsword,” 96;
plan to relieve Château-Gaillard, _ib._, 97;
conversation with the Marshal, 98;
returns to England, 99;
letter to Roger de Lacy, _ib._;
summons the host, 102;
preparations for defence, 104, 105;
secret negotiations with Philip, 105–107;
relations with Archbishop Hubert, 104, 107;
with the Marshal, 106, 107, 109, 110;
meets the host at Porchester, 107, 108;
dismisses it, 111;
claims fines from it, 112;
remark on Hubert Walter’s death, 113;
goes to Aquitaine, 114;
besieges Montauban, _ib._;
regains Angers, 115;
truce with Philip, 116;
intrigues with Canterbury chapter, 118–121;
financial difficulties, 122, 123;
sells charters to towns, 124;
loans to barons, _ib._, 125;
scheme for taxing clergy, 125;
demands a thirteenth of moveables, 126;
refuses election of Langton, 127;
confiscates Church property, 128;
negotiates with Rome, 129;
his triumph, 130–132;
dealings with Scotland, 132–134;
with Wales, 135, 136;
excommunicated, 136;
cruelties to the clergy, _ib._;
to the Jews, 137;
dealings with Ireland, 139–154;
with the Braoses, 139–141, 149–151, 155, 156, 287, 288;
expeditions to Wales, 158, 159;
negotiates with Langton, 159;
cuts down his woods, _ib._;
extorts money from monks, 160;
meets Pandulf, 161, 162;
knights Alexander of Scotland, 162;
helps William the Lion, 163;
orders inquests into services, etc., _ib._;
seizes men of Cinque Ports, _ib._;
alliance with Otto, 164–166;
league against France, 166, 167;
prepares to go to Gascony, 167;
to Wales, 169;
hangs Welsh hostages, _ib._;
returns to London, _ib._;
interview with Peter of Pontefract, 170;
demands hostages from the barons, 171;
and a quit-claim from the clergy, 172;
relations with barons in Ireland, _ib._, 173;
renews negotiations with Rome, 174;
preparations for defence of England, 176–178;
offers terms to Innocent, 178;
agreement with Pandulf, 179;
homage to the Pope, 180;
alleged embassy to Morocco, footnote 806;
league with Flanders, 185, 186;
receives Langton, 187;
his expedition checked, 188, 189;
schemes of vengeance, 189;
homage to legate, 190;
conference with barons and bishops, 191;
orders elections to churches, 192, 193;
truce with the Welsh, 193;
comment on Geoffrey Fitz-Peter’s death, 194;
summons “men of the shire” to council, 195;
receives homage of count of Flanders, 196;
goes to Poitou, _ib._;
success in Aquitaine, 197;
negotiations with the Lusignans, 197–199;
victory at Nantes, 200;
wins Angers, _ib._;
betrayed at La Roche-au-Moine, 201, 202;
his continental allies, 202;
their defeat, 203;
summons forces from England, _ib._;
truce with Philip, 204, 205;
returns to England, 206;
demands quit-claim from clergy, 207;
grants free election to churches, 209;
dispute with barons about scutage, 210, 211;
England’s grievances under, 212–217;
relations with Langton, 218, 222, 223;
discussions with barons about Charter, 220–222;
demands oath of allegiance, 223;
sends for troops from Poitou, 224;
appeals to Rome, 225;
takes the cross, 226;
negotiates with barons, 227;
rejects their schedule, _ib._, 228;
preparations for war, 228;
grants election of mayor to London, _ib._, 229;
proposes arbitration, 229;
garrisons Rochester, 231;
his desperate condition, 232;
grants the Charter, 232–234;
behaviour afterwards, 237;
sickness, _ib._;
insulted by barons, 238;
dealings with the Irish March, 240;
seeks help over sea, 241;
refuses to meet barons, _ib._;
sails to Sandwich, 243;
appeals to the Pope, 246;
besieges Rochester, 248–251;
divides his host, 255;
march to the north, 256;
ravages of his troops, _ib._, 257–259;
takes Berwick, 260;
raids on Scotland, _ib._;
reconquers Yorkshire, _ib._;
marches on the eastern counties, 261;
threatens London, 263;
negotiations with northern barons, _ib._;
relations with towns, _ib._;
encourages commerce, 264;
sends embassy to France, _ib._;
writes to Louis, _ib._;
prepares for defence against him, 267;
meets Gualo, 268;
goes to Sandwich, _ib._;
retires, 269;
plans of defence, 274, 275;
relieves Windsor, 277;
burns Crowland, 278;
ravages Lincolnshire, 279;
goes to Lynn, _ib._;
seaports loyal to, 280;
sickness, 281;
losses in crossing the Wash, 282;
last days, 282–284;
will, 284, 285;
death, 285;
epitaph, 286;
relations with Eustace de Vesci, 289, 293;
with Robert Fitz-Walter, 289–293
John of Alençon, 51
Justice, abuse of, 213, 215
Kahanger, William de, footnote 129
Knight-service, inquiry concerning, 163
Lacy, Hugh de, 12, 14, 16, 17, 19
Lacy, Hugh de, the younger, 143, 144, 148, 152, 154
Lacy, Roger de, 34, 35, 65, 71, 80, 95
Lacy, Walter de, 140, 141, 143, 144, footnote 660, 149, 151, 152, 154,
240, 285
Laigle, Gilbert de, 280
La Marche, county of, 76, 79
La Marche, count of, _see_ Lusignan
Langton, Stephen, elected archbishop of Canterbury, 121;
consecrated, 127;
John’s negotiations with, footnote 549, 159;
goes to Rome, 175;
to England, 186, 187;
absolves John, 187;
presides at council in London, 189;
stops John’s vengeance on the barons, _ib._, 190;
agreement with John about elections, 193;
negotiations with the Welsh, 194;
threatens appeal against the legate, 208;
relations with the barons, 211, 212, 218, 219, 222;
with John, 222, 223;
mediates between them, 227;
allows John to garrison Rochester, 231;
his share in the Charter, 234;
custody of the Tower given to, 239;
Rochester castle restored to, _ib._;
goes to Rome, 244;
suspended, _ib._;
suspension confirmed, 255
La Roche-au-Moine, siege of, 201
La Rochelle reinforced by John, 112, 113;
John lands at, 114
Leicester, Robert, earl of, 25, 100
Leinster granted to Earl Richard de Clare, 12;
to William the Marshal, 149
Le Mans, Henry II. and John at, 22;
Arthur and Philip at, 61;
regained by John, 63
Leominster burnt, 150
Limerick, city, struggles of Irish and Normans for, 13, 15;
won by the “English,” 138;
William de Burgh custodian of, _ib._;
transferred to De Braose, 141;
resumed by the Crown, 144;
restored to De Braose, 145
Limerick, kingdom of, 14, 15
Limerick, honour of, granted to William de Braose, 139, 140;
confiscated, 154
Limoges, Guy, viscount of, 76, 87
Lincoln, William of Scotland does homage at, 78;
taken by barons, 232, 273;
castle besieged, 31, 276;
bishop of, _see_ Hugh
Lincolnshire ravaged by barons, 273;
by John, 279
Llywelyn ap Jorwerth, prince of North Wales, 135, 157–159, 167
Loches surrendered to Philip Augustus, 113
London supports John against Longchamp, 39;
election of mayor granted to, 228, 229;
joins the barons, 229;
suburbs fired, 258;
interdicted, 262, 270;
welcomes Louis, 270;
councils in, 42, 100, 103, 125, 189, 190, 206, 211;
mayor of, _see_ Hardel
Longchamp, William of, bishop of Ely and chancellor, 30–44
Los, count of, footnote 740
Louis, son of Philip Augustus, his marriage, 73;
designs on England, 175, 176;
besieges Montcontour, 199;
challenges John at La-Roche-au-Moine, 201;
invited by English barons, 253, 254;
sends them help, 255, 257, 261, 262;
his claims to the Crown, 264–266;
goes to England, 268;
his manifesto, 269;
advance to London, 270;
excommunicated, _ib._;
takes Winchester, 271;
joined by magnates, 272;
disputes among his followers, _ib._, 273;
returns to London, 273;
besieges Dover, 276, 280;
joined by Alexander, 276;
raises the siege, 281
“Lou Pescaire,” 88, 96
Louvain, duke of, 202
Lucius III., Pope, 19
Lusignan, Almeric of, 76
Lusignan, Geoffrey of, 76, 199
Lusignan, Guy of, 76
Lusignan, Hugh of, count of La Marche, 76, 77, 79, 199
Lusignan, Hugh of, the younger, 76, 199
Lusignan, Ralf of, count of Eu, 77–79
Lusignan family, 81–82, 86, 87, 197–199
Lynn, John at, 279, 281
MacCarthy, Dermot, king of Desmond, 15
Maelgwyn, prince of South Wales, 135
Maine overrun by Philip, 61;
Arthur acknowledged in, _ib._
_Maltôte_, 205
Mandeville, Geoffrey de, earl of Essex, 196, 238, 253, footnote 1184,
290
Mandeville, William de, earl of Essex, 20, 22
Mantes, council at, 94
March, the English, in Ireland, 142;
its organization, 153–155;
John’s later dealings with, 240
Marlborough, John married at, 25;
fealty sworn to John at, 132;
castle, conflicting claims to, 272
Marsh, Geoffrey, 240
Marsh, Richard, 241
Marshal, John, footnote 128
Marshal, William, earl of Pembroke, his marriage, 29;
despoiled by John, _ib._;
joins John against Longchamp, 38;
policy on Richard’s death, 56–58;
goes to England, 62, 64;
belted earl, 65;
sent to Normandy, 80;
to France, 93, 100;
agreement with Philip, 101;
relations with John, 98, 106, 107, 109–111;
goes to Ireland, 146;
intrigues of Meiler and John against him, 146–148;
Leinster regranted to, 149;
shelters the De Braoses, 151;
meets John at Dublin, 155;
recalled to England, footnote 793;
negotiates between John and the barons, 227, 229, 232;
embassy to France, 264;
dissuades John from fighting Louis, 269;
named guardian to Henry III., 284;
executor of John’s will, 285
Marshal, William, the younger, 272, 273
Mauclerc, William, footnote 807, 225
Mauléon, Savaric de, 86, footnote 482, 224, 251, 255, 258, 263, 271,
278, 279, 285
Mauley, Peter de, 284
Maurienne, 4, 5
Mausé, Porteclin de, 197
Meath granted to Hugh de Lacy, 12;
to Walter de Lacy, 149;
confiscated, 154;
restored, _ib._, 240
Melrose, homage of barons to Alexander at, 259
Melun, council at, 265
Mercadier, 54, 63
Mervant, siege of, 199
Middlesex harried, 257
Milécu, siege of, 197
Mirebeau, siege of, 86
Monmouth, John of, 285
Montauban, siege of, 114
Montcontour, siege of, 199
Montfort, Simon de, 174, 252
Moreve, 103
Mortain, Henry’s alleged grant of, to John, 3;
granted to John by Richard, 24, 25
Mortimer, William of, 99
Moveables, taxation of, 124, 126
Mowbray, William de, 65
Munster, North and South, 14
Navarre, Sancho VII., king of, 83
Nevers, count of, 272, 276–278
Neville, Hugh de, 272
Newark, John at, 283–285
Newcastle burnt by Scots, 259
Nicolas of Tusculum, cardinal legate, 190–192, 206–208
Nonant, Hugh of, bishop of Coventry, 37, 50, 51
Norham, conference at, 132;
siege of, 258, 259
Normandy submits to Philip Augustus, 102
Northampton, meeting of John and Pandulf at, 160, 161;
rising of townsfolk, 232;
castle, siege of, 228, 229, 248
“Northerners,” 226, 239
Norwich, bishops of, _see_ Grey, Pandulf
Nottingham, council at, 50;
muster at, 169;
castle betrayed to John, 31;
siege of, 50
Novel disseisin, inquiry concerning assizes of, 163
O’Brien, Donell, king of Thomond, 18
Oliver, son of King John, 271
O’Toole, S. Laurence, archbishop of Dublin, 17
Otto of Saxony, 164–166, 175, 202, 203
Oxford, John born at, 1;
councils at, 42, 104, 126, 195;
meeting of barons and bishops at, 242;
siege of, 248
Oxford, earl of, _see_ Vere
Pandulf, cardinal and legate, 160–162, 179, 180, 184, 208, 233, 244,
245
Paris, John at, 81
“Pelu,” Count, 202
Pembroke, earl of, _see_ Marshal
Perche, count of, 280
Percy, Richard de, 273
Peter of Capua, cardinal, 72
Peter of Pontefract or Wakefield, 170, 184
Petit, William, footnote 595
Philip Augustus, king of France, his dealings with Henry and Richard,
20, 21;
league with John, 40, 45;
treaty with Richard, 47, 48;
intrigues with John, 49;
besieges Verneuil, 51;
withdraws, 53;
defeated at Fréteval, 54;
attacks Normandy, _ib._, 55;
truce with Richard, 55;
accuses John to Richard, _ib._;
overruns Maine, 61;
receives Arthur’s homage, _ib._;
meetings with John, 68;
his demands, _ib._, 69;
receives Eleanor’s homage for Poitou, 69;
seizes Conches, 70;
razes Ballon, _ib._;
truce with John, 72;
treaty with him, 73;
receives John’s homage, 74;
renews treaty with John, 81;
cites him for trial, 83;
attacks Normandy, 84;
dealings with Arthur, 85;
besieges Arques, 87;
burns Tours, _ib._;
takes Saumur, Conches, etc., 93;
appeals to the Pope, 94;
refuses the Pope’s arbitration, _ib._;
agreement with John’s envoys, 101;
wins Normandy, _ib._, 102;
wins Poitou, 103;
wins Loches and Chinon, 113;
marches against John, 116;
truce with him, _ib._, 117;
treaty with Philip of Suabia, 164;
league against, 166, 167;
alliance with Frederic of Sicily, 175;
plans for conquest of England, _ib._, 176;
checked by Pandulf, 179;
attacks Flanders, 185;
marches against John, 198;
victory at Bouvines, 203;
truce with John, 205;
dealings with English barons, 254, 257;
attitude towards Louis’s expedition, 264–267
Philip, bishop of Durham, 66, 67
Philip of Suabia, 164, 166
Pippard, Peter, footnote 595
Planes, Roger de, footnote 129, 39, footnote 595
Plough-tax, 73
Poer, Robert le, 14
Poitou, its feudal position, 69;
attacked by the Lusignans, 79;
submits to Philip Augustus, 103;
John in, 114
Pommeraye, Jocelyn de la, 14
Popes, _see_ Alexander, Innocent, Lucius, Urban
Porchester, muster at, 186
Port, Adam de, 150
“Port Alaschert,” 115
Portsmouth, musters at, 107, 113
Préaux, Peter des, 89, 99, 101, 102
Presentation, inquiry concerning rights of, 163
Puiset, Hugh of, bishop of Durham, 42, 46
Quincy, Saher de, earl of Winchester, 254, 257, 292
Radepont, sieges of, 85, 97, 98
Raymond the Fat, 13, 16, 138
Reading, meeting of king and bishops at, 191
Rees ap Griffith, prince of South Wales, 25, 26
Reginald, sub-prior of Canterbury, 119, 120
Richard, duke of Aquitaine, 1, 9;
king of England, 24, 25, 44, 47–56, 164
Richard, son of King John and Isabel, footnote 575, 284
Richard, son of King John, 196
Richard, bishop of Chichester, 285
Richard of London, constable of Cork, 15
Ridel, Stephen, footnote 129
Robert, bishop of Bangor, 158
Roche, Emeric de, 197
Roches, Peter des, bishop of Winchester, 130, 157, 196, 212, 244, 285
Roches, William des, 70, 86, 88, 201
Rochester castle garrisoned by the king, 231;
restored to Langton, 239;
surrendered to barons, 248;
besieged by John, 248–251
Roderic O’Connor, king of Connaught, 12, 139
Ropesley, Robert de, 273
Ros, Robert de, 263, 273
Rouen, John proclaimed duke at, 62;
surrendered to Philip, 102;
archbishop of, _see_ Walter
Runnimead, 233
S. Albans, councils at, 188, 215, 255
S. Edmund’s, meeting of barons at, 221
S. Edmund’s, Adam of, 50
Ste. Maure, Aimeric of, 285
Salisbury, bishop of, _see_ Hubert
Salisbury, Ela, countess of, footnote 1241
Salisbury, William Longsword, earl of, 112, 179, 185, 186, 202, 203,
229, 230, 247, 255, 272, 281
Sandwich, John at, 268
Saumur taken by Philip Augustus, 93
Savigny, John of, 285
Scotland, kings of, _see_ Alexander, William
Scutages under Richard, 122;
under John, 73, 101, 123, 125, 210
Sheriffs, their maladministration, 213–215;
in Ireland, 153
Silvester, bishop of Worcester, 285
Soissons, council at, 175
Sotinghem, Gerard de, 281
Staines, tournament at, 239;
meeting of bishops and barons at, 243
Stamford, barons assemble at, 226
Stonor, Louis lands at, 268
Taxes under Richard, 122;
under John, 73, 123–126
“Tenseries,” 273, 274
Teyson, Geoffrey, 197
Thomond, 14, 15
Thouars, truce made at, 116
Thouars, Almeric, viscount of, 71, 79, 80, 113, 115, 117, 201, 204
Thouars, Guy of, 102, 116
Tickhill castle betrayed to John, 31;
siege of, 46, 50
Tonbridge castle, 255
Toulouse, Raymond, count of, 166, 196
Tours burnt by John, 87
Tower of London besieged by barons, 232;
dispute for its custody, 238
Towns, John sells charters to, 124
Turnham, Robert of, 59
Ulecotes, Philip de, 274
Ulster granted to John de Courcy, 13;
forfeited, 143;
granted to Hugh de Lacy, 144;
confiscated again, 154
Urban III., Pope, 19
Valognes, Hamo de, footnote 595
Vasseville, Reginald de, 35
Vaudreuil, siege of, 54;
betrayed to Philip, 292
Venneval, William de, 33, 35
Vere, Robert de, earl of Oxford, 261
Verneuil besieged by Philip Augustus, 51;
relieved, 53;
surrendered, 102
Vesci, Eustace de, 169, 171, 187, 219, 225, 263, 276, 289
Vexin ceded to France, 73
Vouvant, siege of, 199
Wales, struggles for supremacy in, 135;
princes of, _see_ Gwenwynwyn, Griffith, Llywelyn, Maelgwyn, Rees
Wallingford, meeting of John and barons at, 191;
castle betrayed to John, 42
Walter, archbishop of Rouen, 32, 38, 57, 62
Walter, Hubert, _see_ Hubert
Walter, Theobald, 29, 30, 50
Warren, earl of, 179, 272
Warwick, earl of, 65
Waterford held by Henry II., 12, 14;
county of, 153
Wells, Hugh of, 106
Wexford held by Henry II., 12, 14
Whitchurch, muster at, 158
William the Lion, king of Scots, 36, 66, 73, 78, 132–134, 162, 169
Winchester, meetings of John and Longchamp at, 31, 32;
John absolved at, 187;
burnt, 271;
taken by Louis, _ib._;
bishop of, _see_ Roches
Winchester, earl of, _see_ Quincy
Windsor, council at, 42;
castle betrayed to John, _ib._;
sieges of, 46, 276, 277
Woodstock, homage of Welsh princes to John at, 136
Worcester, Philip of, 17
Worcester, John buried at, 285
Wrotham, William de, 193
York, John at, 124;
rising at, 259;
siege of, 263;
mayor of, _ib._;
archbishop of, _see_ Geoffrey
THE END
_Printed by_ R. & R. CLARK LIMITED, _Edinburgh_.
Transcriber’s Note
An errata slip was included in this book. It reads (footnote numbers
have been added in square brackets):
ERRATA
P. 57, note 1 [238], _for_ “the writer, John d’Erlée,” _read_ “John of
Earley (_d’Erlée_), on whose relation to the _Histoire_ in its present
form see M. Meyer’s introduction, vol. iii. pp. ii.–xiv.”
P. 62, note 6 [256], _for_ “John d’Erlée, the Marshal’s biographer,
asserts (_Hist. de G. le Mar._, vv. 11909–16) that he himself,” _read_
“The writer of the _Hist. de G. le Mar._ asserts, vv. 11909–16, that
John of Earley.”
P. 70, note 6 [293], _for_ “John d’Erlée, _Hist. de G. le Mar._,”
_read_ “The writer of the _Hist. de G. le Mar._”
P. 77, ll. 7 and 8 from foot, _for_ “on or about August 26” _read_ “on
August 24”; and same page, note 6 [330], _for_ “_Itin._ a. 2, and _Rot.
Chart._ p. 75,” _read_ “_Memorials of S. Edmund’s_, vol. ii. p. 8.”
P. 89, note 5 [396], ll. 11 and 13, and p. 106, note 3 [464], _for_
“D’Erlée” _read_ “the Marshal’s biographer.”
These corrections have been applied to this text.