conniventia. Antheræ oblongæ, lineares, assurgentes, incumbentes.
PISTILLUM. Germen inferum. Stylus filiformis, longitudine floris.
Stigma trifidum, minimum.
PERICARPIUM. Capsula sub-ovata, trilocularis.
SEMINA plura.
EMPALEMENT. Fence sheath-shaped, two-leaved, oblong, bearing a
small umbel, after splitting being reflexed.
BLOSSOM one leaf, funnel-shaped. Tube oblong, and cylindrical.
Border divided into six segments, that are linearly lance-shaped,
concave, and reflexed, of which three alternate ones are marked by
a small claw hanging at the lower part.
CHIVES. Threads six, awl-shaped, growing from the lower part of the
border, and of its length, and inclining together. Tips oblong,
linear, turned up at the ends, and lying on the threads.
POINTAL. Seed-bud beneath. Shaft thread-shaped, the length of the
flower. Summit three-cleft, and very small.
SEED-VESSEL. Capsule nearly egg-shaped, three celled.
SEEDS many.
SPECIFIC CHARACTER.
Crinum foliis filiformibus; scapo filiformi, spirali.
Asphodel Lily, with thread-shaped leaves; flower-stem
thread-shaped, and spiral.
REFERENCE TO THE PLATE.
1. The Empalement.
2. A Flower, cut open and magnified; to shew the point of insertion of the Chives, at the
base of the border.
3. The Pointal and Seed-bud (magnified).
4. The Seed-bud cut transversely, and magnified; to shew the situation of the seeds in the
cells, before the splitting of the outer coat, when matured.
5. The Seeds, as they appear after the bursting of the containing coat, and of their natural size.
This curious little plant, has been figured by professor Jacquin in his
Ic. rar. 2. tab. 363, under the name of Crinum Tenellum; Thunberg, (who
no doubt saw the living plant) in his Prodromus, p. 58, gave it first,
the specific title of Spiralis, which to us seems the best possible, we
have retained it; although, we differ from him as to the Genus, and
which there is no doubt every botanist will, on the examination of the
figure, with its appendages. That this plant should ever have been
placed under Hæmanthus, by any botanist, is certainly matter of wonder,
yet the point is too clear to be contended; scarce one of the essential
constituent characters, of the genus, are to be found in our plant, and
yet so perfectly in every part answering to Crinum. In Hæmanthus, the
fence is composed of many leaves; the segments of the border, standing
upright; the Chives longer than the blossom, and fixed into the tube;
the Summit simple! &c. &c. We submit this, nevertheless, with deference
to superior judgments, as a late publication of much repute, has this
plant, under the Generic title we have rejected. The drawing was made in
the beginning of March, this year, at Messrs. Lee and Kennedy’s,
Hammersmith; by whom, it was received from the Cape of Good Hope in
1792. It is a very hardy bulb, requiring no more protection than a pit,
to secure it from the frost. It increases but slowly by the root, but
occasionally produces ripe seeds; and should be kept constantly in its
pot, in a mixture of peat and loam.
[Illustration]
PLATE XCIII.
ASTER REFLEXUS.
_Reflexed-leaved Starwort._
CLASS XIX. ORDER II.
_SYNGENESIA POLYGAMIA SUPERFLUA._ Tips united. Superfluous Pointals.
ESSENTIAL GENERIC CHARACTER.
RECEPT. nudom. Pappus simplex. Cor. radii plures 10. Cal. imbricati
squamæ interiores patulæ.
RECEPT. naked. Feather simple. Florets of the circumference 10 or
more. Cup tiled, the innermost scales spread outward.
See Aster dentatus, Pl. LXI.
SPECIFIC CHARACTER.
Aster fruticosus, foliis ovatis sub-imbricatis, recurvatis,
serratis; floribus solitariis, terminalibus, sessilibus.
Starwort with egg-shaped leaves, almost tiled, bent backward and
sawed; flowers grow solitary, terminal, and sit close to the ends
of the branches.
REFERENCE TO THE PLATE.
1. The Empalement.
2. A Floret of the circumference.
3. The Pointal of the foregoing.
4. A Floret of the centre (magnified).
5. The Chives and Pointal of a floret of the centre (magnified).
6. The Shaft and Summit of the same (magnified).
The singular merit of this pretty greenhouse plant, is, that its
blossoms are still to be seen through the whole year; and is kept with
as little care, as is required for any. It is with ease, and certainty,
increased by cuttings, put in about the month of May; or by seeds, which
it sometimes perfects by being kept from the rain in autumn. It is a
plant known by name, to most botanists; but has not been introduced to
us, till the year 1794, when it was received in seeds from the Cape, at
the nursery Hammersmith; where it has flowered, these two successive
years, and where our figure was taken.
[Illustration]
PLATE XCIV.
GALAXIA OVATA.
_Oval-leaved Galaxia._
CLASS XVI. ORDER I.
_MONADELPHIA TRIANDRIA._ Threads united. Three Chives.
GENERIC CHARACTER.
CALYX. Spatha univalvis, membranacea, connivens.
COROLLA monopetala, supra; tubus filiformis, longus, erectus, apice
paullulum ampliatus; limbus sexpartitus; laciniis obovatis,
patentibus.
STAMINA. Filamenta tria, in cylindrum conata. Antheræ ovatæ.
PISTILLUM. Germen inserum, obtuse triangulare, glabrum. Stylus
filiformis, staminibus paullo longior. Stigmata tria,
filiformi-multipartita, patentia.
PERICARPIUM. Capsula oblongo-subcylindrica, trisulca, trilocularis,
trivalvis.
SEMINA plurima, globosa, minima.
EMPALEMENT. Sheath of one valve, skinny, and closing.
BLOSSOM, one leaf, above; tube thread-shaped, long, upright, the
upper part a little widened; border divided into six parts;
segments inversely egg-shaped and spreading.
CHIVES. Three threads forming a cylinder. Tips egg-shaped.
POINTAL. Seed-bud beneath, obtusely triangular and smooth. Shaft
thread-shaped, a little longer than the chives. Three summits, each
divided into a number of small threads, and spreading.
SEED-VESSEL. Capsule of an oblong, and almost cylindrical shape,
with three furrows, three cells, and three valves.
SEEDS numerous, globular, and small.
SPECIFIC CHARACTER.
Galaxia foliis ovatis margine ciliatis; corollis longissimis,
arcuatis, flavis.
Galaxia with egg-shaped leaves, fringed at the edge; blossoms very
long, bowed, and yellow.
REFERENCE TO THE PLATE.
1. The Sheath.
2. A Flower cut open, to shew where the threads are fixed to the tube of the blossom.
3. The Chives with the Pointal inclosed, the Blossom cut away.
4. The Pointal and Seed-bud.
Any species of this Genus, must be interesting to the English botanist;
as, till last year, not one was to be found, in any collection of this
country. The G. ovata is figured in Cavanilles, Diss. 6. p. 340. t. 189;
and described by Thunberg, in his Nova Genera Plantarum, p. 50. It is a
most singular little plant, but we much fear will prove a fugitive to
us; like the Ferraria, (to which in many particulars it very nearly
affines) its beauty is but of a few hours duration: indeed, so short is
the period, that had not Mr. Hibbert taken a sketch of it, whilst in
perfection; and from which our drawing was completed, we could not have
accomplished a figure of it. As yet, the true season of its flowering
cannot be ascertained; but, it was in the month of October, that the
plant flowered last year 1779; the bulbs having been received, from the
collector for the Clapham collection, still at the Cape, in the spring
of the same year. The treatment for this, appears to be the same as that
necessary for most Cape bulbs; light sandy peat, a little warmth when
approaching to flower; and to be removed from the pot afterwards.
[Illustration]
PLATE XCV.
AMARYLLIS RADIATA.
_Rayed Lily Daffodil._
CLASS VI. ORDER I.
_HEXANDRIA MONOGYNIA._ Six Chives. One Pointal.
GENERIC CHARACTER.
CALYX. Spatha oblonga, obtusa, compressa, emarginata, marcescens.
COROLLA. Petala sex lanceolata.
_Nectarium_ squamis sex, extra basin filamentorum, brevissimis.
STAMINA. Filamenta sex subulata. Antheræ oblongæ, incumbentes,
assurgentes.
PISTILLUM. Germen inserum. Stylus filiformis, longitudine ferme et
situ staminum. Stigma trifidum, tenue.
PERICARPIUM. Capsula subovata, trilocularis, trivalvis.
SEMINA plura.
EMPALEMENT. Sheath oblong, blunt, compressed, notched at the end,
and withering.
BLOSSOM. Six lance-shaped petals.
_Honey-cup_, six scales from the base of the threads, very short.
CHIVES. Six awl-shaped threads. Tips oblong, fixed sideways to the
threads, and turned up at the end.
POINTAL. Seed bud beneath. Shaft thread-shaped, almost the length
and situation of the chives. Summit three-cleft, slender.
SEED-VESSEL. Capsule nearly egg-shaped, three cells, three valves.
SEEDS many.
SPECIFIC CHARACTER.
Amaryllis spatha multiflora; corollis revolutis, undulatis,
lanceolatis; genitalibus deflexis, divergentibus, corolla triplo
longioribus.
Lily Daffodil, with many flowers in the sheath; blossoms turned
backward, waved and lance-shaped; the parts of fructification are
bent downward, spread from the centre, and thrice the length of the
blossom.
REFERENCE TO THE PLATE.
1. A Petal, with the Chive attached.
2. The Pointal and Seed-bud, the Petals cut off.
This species of Lily, certainly not a novelty to many as a plant, is
nevertheless in its blossom, to most, quite so; for, though few
collections are without it, yet we are pretty well assured, in no one
has it flowered, at least for many years within the vicinity of London;
except, in that of the Right Hon. the Marchioness of Rockingham, at
Hillingdon near Uxbridge; for whose kind communication, (though
personally unknown to her Ladyship,) of a most beautiful specimen, of
which our figure conveys but a faint idea of the brilliancy; we can only
thus, express our sincerest thanks. Mr. Greig, who had the goodness to
bring the flower himself; informs us, the mode of his treating it is, to
plant the bulbs in light sandy peat, and confine them to small pots,
nearly half filled with broken tiles, and keep them on a shelf of the
hothouse. It is a native of China, was introduced by the late Dr.
Fothergill; and generally flowers, according to Mr. Greig, in the month
of February, or March; and is increased abundantly from the root, by
offsets.
[Illustration]
PLATE XCVI.
PUNICA GRANATUM. _Var. flore albo._
_White Pomegranate._
CLASS XII. ORDER I.
_ICOSANDRIA MONOGYNIA._ Twenty Chives. One Pointal.
GENERIC CHARACTER.
CALYX. Perianthium monophyllum, campanulatum, quinquefidum, acutum,
coloratum, persistens.
COROLLA. Petala quinque, subrotunda, erecto-patentia, calyci
inserta.
STAMINA. Filamenta numerosa, capillaria, calyce breviora, calyci
inserta. Antheræ oblongiusculæ.
PISTILLUM. Germen inferum. Stylus simplex, longitudine staminum.
Stigma capitatum.
PERICARPIUM. Pomum subglobosum, magnum, coronatum calyce,
novemloculare, dissipimentis membranaceis.
SEMINA plurima, angulata, succulenta. Receptaculum carnosum,
singulum loculamentum pericarpii bifariam dividens.
EMPALEMENT. Cup one leaf, bell-shaped, five-cleft, pointed,
coloured, and remaining.
BLOSSOM. Five petals, roundish, upright and spreading, attached to
the cup.
CHIVES. Threads numerous, hair-like, shorter than the cup, and
fixed to it. Tips nearly oblong.
POINTAL. Seed-bud beneath. Shaft simple, the length of the chives.
Summit a knob.
SEED VESSEL. A large and nearly round apple, crowned by the cup,
five-celled, the partitions skinny.
SEEDS numerous, angulated, and juicy. Receptacle fleshy, and
dividing each cell of the seed-vessel into two.
SPECIFIC CHARACTER.
Punica foliis lanceolatis, caule arboreo.
Pomegranate with lance-shaped leaves, and tree-like stem.
DIFFERENCE IN VAR.
Punica Gra: Foliis majoribus, pallidioribus; floribus sub-albidis.
Pomegranate with larger and paler leaves; flowers nearly white.
REFERENCE TO THE PLATE.
1. A Flower cut open, to shew the insertion of the Petals and Chives, into the cup; with the
situation of the Pointal.
2. The same shewn from the reverse side.
This handsome variety of the common Pomegranate, (for it cannot be
considered as a species,) will, it is to be hoped, prove an agreeable
addition to our gardens; though not as a fruit tree, yet as an
ornamental plant, of the middling hardy class. Indeed we have little
doubt of this, if we may judge by analogy, from its deciduous character,
or from its natural affinities; as the other sorts of this species, viz.
single red, double red, yellow flowered, and another new variety with
large red blossoms and larger leaves, all endure our winters, with
little, or no protection, in the southern, or western counties of the
island; and are all natives of the same clime: from whence, no doubt,
they, like the Orange-tree, &c. &c. have been originally transported;
though at present considered as indigenous, to all the different
countries on the coasts of the Mediterranean sea, where the single red
is cultivated for its fruit; the agreeable acidity of which, is
considered as a great luxury, in allaying the thirst occasioned by the
intense heat, of those parching regions. In the month of April last year
1799, a fine branch, in full flower, was obligingly communicated by Lady
Hume, from her select collection at Wormley Bury, Herts; from which our
figure was taken, and where it was then flowering for the first time in
England. Her Ladyship had received the plant, amongst a number of
others, from China, in the year 1796. The fruit did not ripen, which we
attribute to its being kept in the hothouse, to which situation, all
plants coming from the East, are necessarily consigned on their first
importation. The mode of increasing it is certain and easy, by cuttings,
or layers; and it grows most luxuriant in light earth, composed of
rotten leaves or rotten dung, and light sandy loam.
[Illustration]
PLATE XCVII.
VACCINIUM FORMOSUM.
_Red-twigged Whortle-berry._
CLASS VIII. ORDER I.
_OCTANDRIA MONOGYNIA._ Eight Chives. One Pointal.
ESSENTIAL GENERIC CHARACTER.
CALYX superus. Corolla monopetala. Filamenta receptaculo inserta.
Bacca quadrilocularis, polysperma.
CUP superior. Blossom of one petal. Threads fixed to the
receptacle. A berry with four cells, and many seeds.
See Vol. I. Pl. XXX. VACCINIUM ARCTOSTAPHYLLUS.
SPECIFIC CHARACTER.
Vaccinium racemis pedicellisque bracteatis; foliis integerrimis,
oblongis, acutis, glabris; calycibus adpressis; corollis
sub-cylindraceis, costatis; stigma sub-exserta; stamina decem.
Whortle-berry with floral leaves on the branch part of the bunch,
as well as on the partial foot-stalks; leaves quite intire, oblong,
pointed, and smooth; cups pressed to the blossom; blossoms nearly
cylindrical, and ribbed; summit just without the blossom; ten
chives.
REFERENCE TO THE PLATE.
1. The Blossom and Cup.
2. The Chives and Pointal, magnified.
3. The Seed-bud a little advanced, with the Cup upon it.
4. A nearly ripe Berry, cut transversely, magnified.
From the number of different new and old known species, of this genus,
which we have been enabled to examine this spring; and of which drawings
have been made, (a figure from one of them being intended to be given in
each successive No. till they are finished;) we are more fully
confirmed, in what was asserted in a former part of the work, that V.
Arctostaphyllus, with the greater part of those plants, now known as
Vacciniums, should be placed in Decandria. It is true, a certain
latitude has been given by Linnæus, in an observation on the genus, by
allowing, that a fourth in addition to the usual number is frequently
found, in the different parts of the flower. But when so essential a
part of the fructification is, with a very few exceptions, constant
through a numerous genus, we cannot but think, in a system, founded
chiefly on that basis, that in such case, the mere character of the
fruit should give way to first principles; and that those with ten
chives should be placed to Andromeda. Or, if the distinction of a dry,
from a moist capsule, should be thought of sufficient weight, on which
to form a new genus, those species, with ten chives, and berries, might
be so arranged. Indeed, the difference in the general habit, of those
with ten, from those with eight chives, would well warrant such an
alteration. But such a change we have declined making, upon the grounds
we have, and are determined to pursue; not to alter any established
name, if even a little erroneous; but only to point out the error, or
the apparent necessary alteration.
This species of Whortle-berry was first introduced, (according to the
Kew Catalogue,) in 1770, by Mr. William Young, from N. America; and is
consequently hardy enough to bear the severity of our common winters. It
should be planted in sandy peat earth, on a dry, sheltered border. It is
propagated by layers, which should be put down in spring, and taken off
the succeeding summer. The leaves of this species are deciduous, when
planted in the open ground; but, if kept in the greenhouse, where it
will be found very ornamental, it becomes an evergreen. Our figure was
made at the nursery, Hammersmith, in May this year.
[Illustration]
PLATE XCVIII.
PULTENÆA DAPHNOIDES.
_Daphne-like Pultenæa._
CLASS X. ORDER I.
_DECANDRIA MONOGYNIA._ Ten Chives. One Pointal.
GENERIC CHARACTER.
CALYX. Perianthium monophyllum, campanulatum, utrinque
appendiculatum; ore quinquedentato, acuto.
COROLLA papilionacea, pentapetala.
_Vexillum_ sub-cordatum, erectum.
_Alæ_ oblongæ, vexillo breviores.
_Carina_ dipetala, petalis alis conformibus.
STAMINA. Filamenta decem, distincta, assurgentia, longitudine
carinæ. Antheræ simplices, minimæ.
PISTILLUM. Germen ovato-oblongum. Stylus subulatus, magnitudine et
situ staminum. Stigma acutum, recurvatum.
PERICARPIUM. Legumen subrotundum, apice mucronatum, uniloculare,
bivalve.
SEMINA duo, sub-rotunda.
EMPALEMENT. Cup of one leaf, bell-shaped, having an appendage on
each side; the mouth five-toothed, sharp.
BLOSSOM. Butterfly-shaped, five petals.
_Standard_ nearly heart-shaped, upright.
_Wings_ oblong, shorter than the standard.
_Keel_ two petals, which are like those of the wings.
CHIVES. Ten threads, distinct, turned up at the ends, the length of
the keel. Tips simple, very small.
POINTAL. Seed-bud oblong-egg-shaped. Shaft awl-shaped, the size and
situation of the chives. Summit sharp-pointed and recurved.
SEED-VESSEL. Shell nearly round, with a sharp point on the end, of
one cell and two valves.
SEEDS two, roundish.
SPECIFIC CHARACTER.
Pultenæa foliis alternis, obovatis, glabris, mucronatis; floribus
terminalibus, capitatis.
Pultenæa with alternate leaves, inversely egg-shaped, smooth, with
a sharp point at the ends; flowers terminate the branches growing
in heads.
REFERENCE TO THE PLATE.
1. The Cup, with its two appendages, magnified.
2. The Standard of the Blossom.
3. One of the Wings of the Blossom.
4. The two Petals of the Keel.
5. The Chives and Pointal, natural size.
6. The same, magnified.
7. The Pointal.
8. The same, magnified.
9. A half-ripe Seed-vessel, with the Cup remaining attached, magnified.
From the number of species of this genus of plants, already in Britain,
we may conclude, that it is one of the most extended in New South Wales;
twelve distinct ones have already flowered, drawings of most of them we
have, which will be brought forward in due course. Dr. Smith, in the
third No. of New Holland Botany, has named this tribe of plants after
Dr. R. Pulteney, F. R. and F. L. S. of Blandford, Dorsetshire; well
known for his Sketches of the Progress of Botany in England. But there
is little doubt, that although no such kind attention as this of Dr.
Smith had been shewn, to perpetuate the name of Dr. Pulteney, he had, by
his excellent life of Linnæus, insured his own to live for ever. The
Pultenæas, in systematic order, rank after, but very close to Sophora;
but are little allied in general habit, as are few plants from that
country to those of any other. This species was first raised in 1792, in
many gardens about the metropolis the same year; but did not flower till
1796. It is a hardy greenhouse plant, generally flowering about the
month of May; but the blossom is of short duration. Sandy peat is the
soil it most approves; and its increase is produced, either from seeds,
which sometimes ripen with us, or from cuttings placed in gentle heat
about the month of May. The drawing was made from a plant in the
Hibbertian collection at Clapham, this year.
[Illustration]
PLATE XCIX.
GLADIOLUS BLANDUS.
_Large White-flowered Gladiolus._
CLASS III. ORDER I.
_TRIANDRIA MONOGYNIA._ Three Chives. One Pointal.
ESSENTIAL GENERIC CHARACTER.
COROLLA, sexpartita, ringens.
STAMINA adscendentia.
BLOSSOM, six divisions, gaping.
CHIVES ascending.
See Plate XI. Vol. I. GLAD. ROSEUS.
SPECIFIC CHARACTER.
Gladiolus foliis lineari-lanceolatis, nervosis, glabris; floribus
spicatis, secundis, albidis, maximis; laciniis tribus inferioribus
maculatis; stigmatibus sub-bilobis.
Gladiolus with linearly lance-shaped, strongly nerved, smooth
leaves; flowers grow in spikes all from one side of the stem,
white, and very large; the three lower segments of the limb are
spotted; summits nearly two-lobed.
REFERENCE TO THE PLATE.
1. The Sheaths of the Empalement.
2. A Flower cut open, with the Chives attached.
3. The Seed-bud, Shaft, and Summits.
Of all the different species of so handsome a genus, no one is more
desirable than this; as the root or plant is preserved with little care,
and it rarely misses flowering; at the same time that the blossoms are
of long duration, and not subject to injury from the weather; changing
to a fine blush colour, when approaching to decay. From the Kew
Catalogue we learn, that the G. Blandus was first introduced, from the
Cape of Good Hope, by Mr. F. Masson in 1774. It thrives in most sorts of
earth, but sandy peat seems the most proper for this, as well as most
Cape bulbs. Our figure was taken from a plant in the collection of G.
Hibbert, Esq. Clapham, this year, the end of May.
[Illustration]
PLATE C.
EMBOTHRIUM SERICEUM.
_Silky Embothrium._
CLASS IV. ORDER I.
_TETRANDRIA MONOGYNIA._ Four Chives. One Pointal.
GENERIC CHARACTER.
CALYX nullus.
COROLLA. Petala quatuor, linearia, obliqua, apice latiore,
subrotundo, concavo, staminifero; post fœcundationem revoluta.
STAMINA. Filamenta quatuor, brevissima, in singulo petala singula,
vel nulla. Antheræ oblongæ, intra cavitatem petali sitæ, majusculæ.
PISTILLUM. Germen lineare, adscendens, inflexum. Stylus nullus.
Stigma subrotundum, antice planum, postice concavum, magnum.
PERICARPIUM. Folliculus teres, unilocularis.
SEMINA quatuor seu quinque, ovata, compressa, margine altero
membrana alata.
EMPALEMENT none.
BLOSSOM. Four petals, linear, oblique; broad ended, roundish,
concave, and supporting the chive; after the bursting of the tips
they are rolled back.
CHIVES. Four threads, very short, one in each petal, or none. Tips
oblong, placed in the hollow end of the petal, larger.
POINTAL. Seed-bud linear, ascending, and bent. Shaft none. Summit
nearly round, the forepart flat, the hinder concave, large.
SEED-VESSEL. A cylindrical pod of one cell.
SEEDS four or five, egg-shaped, flattened, having a skinny wing at
one edge.
SPECIFIC CHARACTER.
Embothrium foliis sub-ternatis, integerrimis, acutis, margine
revolutis, subtus sericeis; spica recurva; fructu tuberculato,
glabro.
Embothrium with leaves growing mostly three together, entire,
pointed, rolled back at the edge, and silky beneath; spike bent
downward; fruit tuberculated, not downy.
REFERENCE TO THE PLATE.
1. A Blossom complete.
2. A Petal of the Blossom, magnified.
3. The Seed-bud and Summit, magnified.
4. A ripe Seed-vessel.
5. A Seed.