persistent petal.
RECEPTACLE chaffy; chaff tongue-shaped, channelled, the length of
the cup, and falling off.
SPECIFIC CHARACTER.
Zinnia foliis oppositis, amplexicaulibus, lato-lanceolatis,
scabris; floribus pedunculatis, purpureis, solitariis.
Zinnia with opposite leaves, embracing the stem, broadly
lance-shaped, and rough; flowers have foot-stalks, are purple, and
grow solitary.
REFERENCE TO THE PLATE.
1. The Empalement.
2. A Floret of the ray with the seed attached, (natural size).
3. A Floret of the disk with the seed attached, (magnified).
4. The Chives and Pointal of an hermaphrodite floret.
5. The chaffy substance dividing the florets.
This elegant new species of Zinnia, is described and figured by J. A.
Cavanilles, in his first volume of Spanish plants; where he says, it is
a native of Mexico, South America, and was transmitted from thence to
the royal gardens, where it perfected its seeds. In the year 1796, the
Marchioness of Bute received it amongst many other curious seeds, from
Madrid, through the medium of Professor Ortega. Being rather a tender
annual, it should be sown in March, on a gentle hotbed; and transplanted
into the open borders the beginning of May. The plant grows to the
height of three feet or more, and makes in the months of August and
September, a very considerable addition to the splendor of the flower
garden. The seeds ripen freely, though the flower should be plucked
before it appears decayed.
[Illustration]
PLATE LVI.
ANTHOLYZA SPICATA.
_Spike-flowered Antholyza._
CLASS III. ORDER I.
_TRIANDRIA MONOGYNIA._ Three Chives. One Pointal.
ESSENTIAL GENERIC CHARACTER.
COROLLA tubulosa, irregularis, recurvata. Capsula infera.
BLOSSOM tubular, irregular, and bent backward. Capsule beneath.
See Plate XXXII. ANTHOLYZA RINGENS.
SPECIFIC CHARACTER.
Antholyza, floribus infundibuliformibus, spicatis,
incarnato-pallidis; foliis falcatis, brevissimis.
Antholyza with funnel-shaped, spiked flowers, of a pale flesh
colour; leaves scimitar-shaped, and very short.
REFERENCE TO THE PLATE.
1. The Empalement.
2. A Blossom cut open, to shew the insertion of the Chives.
3. The Pointal, (natural size).
There are few species of this genus but furnish beautiful flowers; this
is certainly among the most handsome, from the softness of its colour,
and the regularity of the spike: what adds considerably to its merit,
is, that the blossoms remain a considerable time before they fall, which
unfortunately, is seldom the case with the flowers of this genus. It was
received from the Cape of Good Hope in bulbs, sent by J. Pringle, Esq.
of Madeira, in 1794, to Messrs. Lee and Kennedy of Hammersmith; the
drawing was made in the month of June 1797 at their nursery. Not being
easily injured by damp, there is no necessity for removing it from its
pot, as is necessary for most bulbs, but to increase it; one, or two
young bulbs being annually produced, in addition from the old one. The
best soil is a sandy peat, with a small proportion of loam.
[Illustration]
PLATE LVII.
MESEMBRYANTHEMUM GLABRUM.
_Smooth-leaved annual Fig Marygold._
CLASS XII. ORDER IV.
_ICOSANDRIA PENTAGYNIA._ Twenty Chives. Five Pointals.
GENERIC CHARACTER.
CALYX. Perianthium monophyllum, semiquinquesidum, superum, patens,
persistens.
COROLLA. Monopetala; petala lanceolato-linearia, numerosissima,
serie multiplici nata, calyce longiora, unguibus læviter connatis
in unum.
STAMINA. Filamenta numerosa, capillaria, longitudine calycis.
Antheræ incumbentes.
PISTILLUM. Germen inferum, angulis quinque, obtusis. Styli quinque
sæpius, subulati, erecto-reflexi. Stigmata simplicia.
PERICARPIUM. Capsula carnosa, subrotunda, loculamentis numero
stylorum respondentibus.
SEMINA plurima, subrotunda.
EMPALEMENT. Cup one leaf, cut nearly half way down into five
divisions, above, spreading, and remaining.
BLOSSOM. One petal; petals linearly lance-shaped, very numerous,
rising in a number of rows, longer than the cup, slightly joined
together by their claws.
CHIVES. Threads numerous, hair-like, the length of the cup. Tips
laying on the threads.
POINTAL. Seed-bud beneath, with five obtuse angles. Shafts mostly
five, awl-shaped, upright, and a little bent outwards. Summits
simple.
SEED-VESSEL. A fleshy capsule, nearly round, the cells answering to
the number of the chives.
SEEDS many, nearly round.
SPECIFIC CHARACTER.
Mesembryanthemum foliis amplexicaulibus, glaberrimis, spathulatis;
pedunculis longitudine foliorum; calycibus hemisphæricis; corollis
luteis.
Fig Marygold with leaves embracing the stem, very smooth, and
spatula-shaped; the foot-stalks the length of the leaves; cups
hemispherical; blossoms yellow.
REFERENCE TO THE PLATE.
1. A Seed-bud; the Blossom, Cup and Chives, cut off, the Pointals remaining.
2. The same, with the Cup and Chives.
As the extreme brilliancy of this plant cannot be done justice to in
painting, we must rest satisfied with having done our best; every person
in the least acquainted with the art, must know, that in yellow the
shining colour existing in nature cannot be retained in a drawing. This
species is annual, and according to the Kew Catalogue, was introduced to
the royal gardens by Mr. F. Masson in the year 1787. The seeds should be
sown on a hotbed in the month of February, and by the end of August the
plants will flower, and continue to blossom till the end of October;
never failing to perfect their seeds.
[Illustration]
PLATE LVIII.
BORONIA PINNATA.
_Hawthorn-scented Boronia._
CLASS VIII. ORDER I.
_OCTANDRIA MONOGYNIA._ Eight Chives. One Pointal.
GENERIC CHARACTER.
CALYX. Perianthium quadripartitum; laciniis acutis, persistentibus.
COROLLA. Petala quatuor, ovata, sessilia.
_Nectarium_ coronæ forma, excavatum, glandulosum.
STAMINA. Filamenta octo, plana, ciliata, incurvata, receptaculo
inserta. Antheræ infra apicem filamentorum pedicillatæ,
incumbentes.
PISTILLUM. Germen superum, conicum, quadrisulcatum. Stylus
brevissimus, simplex. Stigma capitatum, glabrum, sulcatum.
PERICARPIUM. Capsulæ quatuor, ovato-acuminatæ, compressæ, margine
introrsum coalitæ, apicibus distantibus, sutra superiori
dehiscentes, bivalves.
SEMINA solitaria sæpius, nitida, reniformia, arillata.
EMPALEMENT. Cup with four divisions; segments sharp pointed, and
remaining.
BLOSSOM. Petals four, egg-shaped, sitting close to the cup.
_Honey-cup_ of the shape of a crown, hollowed, and glandular.
CHIVES. Eight threads, flat, fringed, turned inwards, and fixed
into the receptacle. Tips fixed below the ends on the inside of the
threads, on short foot-stalks, and lying on them.
POINTAL. Seed-bud above, conical, and four-furrowed. Shaft very
short, and simple. Summit headed, smooth, and furrowed.
SEED-VESSEL. Capsules four, of a pointed egg-shape, flattened,
joined by the interior edge, the points standing separate,
splitting from the upper suture, two-valved.
SEEDS mostly solitary, shining, kidney-shaped, and covered with an
elastic coat.
SPECIFIC CHARACTER.
Boronia foliis impari-primatis, integerrimis; pedunculis
axillaribus, dichotomis; filamentis apice obtusis, glandulosis.
Boronia with leaves abruptly winged, entire; flower-stalks growing
from the base of the leaves, forked; end of the threads blunt, and
glandular.
REFERENCE TO THE PLATE.
1. The Empalement, (natural size).
2. The Chives, and Pointal.
3. One Chive, (magnified).
4. The Pointal, and Honey-cup, (natural size).
This is the only species yet in our gardens, of a most beautiful new
genus of plants, natives of New South Wales, first named, described, and
with three other species, figured in the _Tracts relating to Natural
History by Dr. J. E. Smith, F.R.S. P.L.S. &c._ Thus eternizing the name
of an esteemed and faithful servant, who by his ardour in botanical
pursuits, had merited the honour; rejecting the usual considerations,
riches, or learning, does the Dr. no less credit as a man, for the
kindness of his heart, than what his distinguished talents have gained
him, by placing him in the first botanical seat in this kingdom. In the
short history of the unfortunate end of Borone, the Dr. informs us, he
had resigned him to Dr. Sibthorpe, as a most fit person to attend him in
his last journey through Greece; where, at Athens, he met his death, by
an accidental fall from a balcony: the Dr. did not long survive him.
The Boronia pinnata has much of the aromatic flavour of Diosma in its
leaves and stem; the flowers, which appear about February, and continue
till May, have the scent of the Hawthorn flower; it grows to a shrub of
the height of eighteen inches, is propagated with difficulty by
cuttings, and has not hitherto perfected its seeds in this country;
requiring a dry situation in the greenhouse, and flourishes most in
light sandy peat. The figure was taken from a plant which flowered last
year, in the nursery of Messrs. Lee and Kennedy, Hammersmith, where it
was raised from seeds in 1794.
[Illustration]
PLATE LIX.
IXIA FISTULOSA.
_Hollow-leaved Ixia._
CLASS III. ORDER I.
_TRIANDRIA MONOGYNIA._ Three Chives. One Pointal.
ESSENTIAL GENERIC CHARACTER.
COROLLA 6-petala, patens æqualis. Stigmata tria,
erectiusculo-patula.
BLOSSOM six petals, spreading, equal. Summits three, nearly
upright, and spreading.
See IXIA REFLEXA. Plate XIV.
SPECIFIC CHARACTER.
Ixia foliis linearibus, fistulosis; floribus secundis, noctu
fragrantes; bulbus campanulatus, margine acuto-fibroso.
Ixia with linear, hollow leaves; flowers pointing one way, and
fragrant by night; bulb bell-shaped, the margin edged with sharp
fibres.
REFERENCE TO THE PLATE.
1. The outer spath of the Empalement.
2. The inner spath of the Empalement.
3. A Flower cut open.
4. The Pointal, and Chives.
5. The Pointal.
This Ixia is of a very delicate nature, the root being subject to rot
soon after the flower decays, if not then removed from its pot, and
dried; the flowers expand about four o’clock in the afternoon, and are
so extremely fragrant that they are smelt at a considerable distance.
For this plant, our gardens are indebted to the Dowager Lady De
Clifford, who received the bulbs from the Cape of Good Hope in the year
1794. The drawing was made from a plant, which flowered last year at
Messrs. Lee and Kennedy’s, Hammersmith, who had some of them in a
present from her ladyship. Like other Ixias, it should be planted in
light peat, and watered but seldom; its propagation is but slow, as
seldom more than one new bulb is produced, upon the decay of the old
one.
[Illustration]
PLATE LX.
GERANIUM PUNCTATUM.
_Dotted-flowered Geranium._
CLASS XVI. ORDER IV. _Suppl. System. Veget._ 1781.
_MONODELPHIA DECANDRIA._ Threads united. Ten Chives.
ESSENTIAL GENERIC CHARACTER.
MONOGYNA. Stigmata 5. Fructus rostratus, 5-coccus.
ONE POINTAL. Five summits. Fruit furnished with long awns, five dry
berries.
See GERANIUM GRANDIFLORUM, Plate XII.
SPECIFIC CHARACTER.
Geranium foliis radicalibus; floribus umbellatis, diandris; petalis
duobus superioribus punctatis; stigmata quatuor.
Geranium with leaves growing from the root; flowers grow in umbels,
two fertile chives; the two upper petals being dotted; summits
four.
REFERENCE TO THE PLATE.
1. The Empalement cut open, with the Chives and Pointal left on, (natural size).
2. The Threads cut open, to shew their number, and the situation of the two
fertile ones, (magnified).
3. The Pointal, (magnified).
Perhaps amongst plants, there is no genus exhibits such varied and
numerous species as Geranium; no one, in which the species are so allied
in natural character, or so unfavourable to the sexual system, if some
deviation from general rules was not allowed: the founder thought such
licence necessary, and we implicitly follow him. Thus far we have
thought proper to extenuate in the present instance; for should we
follow Mons. L’Heritier, (as most of the modern correctors of Linnæus
have done,) a new genus must inevitably be formed for this plant. Upon a
close examination of the flowers, from a dozen different plants,
invariably, only seven threads were found; two only with tips, and those
placed immediately behind the shaft, whose summits were but four. This
Geranium is rather tender, and requires a dry-stove heat to make it
flower, which it will readily do with such assistance, in April; about
the beginning of which month, this year, a drawing was made from a plant
in the collection of Messrs. Lee and Kennedy. The roots or bulbs of this
plant were first received in England by Thomas Johnes, Esq. in the year
1794, in whose magnificent conservatory at Havod they flowered the next
year.
[Illustration]
PLATE LXI.
ASTER DENTATUS.
_Toothed-leaved Starwort._
CLASS XIX. ORDER II.
_SYNGENESIA POLYGAMIA SUPERFLUA._ Tips united. Superfluous Pointals.
GENERIC CHARACTER.
CALYX. _Communis_ squamoso-imbricatus; squamis interioribus apice
prominulis.
COROLLA. Composita radiata; corollulæ hermaphroditæ numerosæ in
disco; femineæ ligulatæ, decem plures in radio.
_Propria_ hermaphroditi infundibuliformis; limbo quinquefido,
patulo.
_Femineæ_ ligulata, lanceolata, tridentata.
STAMINA. Filamenta quinque, capillaria, brevissima. Anthera
cylindracea, tubulosa.
PISTILLUM. Hermaphroditis; germen oblongum. Stylus filiformis,
longitudine staminum. Stigma bifidum, patens.
Femineis; germen oblongum. Stylus filiformis, longitudine
hermaphroditi. Stigmata duo, oblonga, revoluta.
PERICARPIUM nullum. Calyx vix mutatus.
SEMINA. Hermaphroditis solitaria, oblonga, ovata. Pappus pilosus.
Femineis similia hermaphroditis.
RECEPTACULUM nudum, planiusculum.
EMPALEMENT. _Common_, scales tiled; the inner scales standing a
little out at the points.
BLOSSOM. Compound, radiate; florets with chives and pointals, many
in the center; florets with only pointals, ligulate, ten or more in
the circumference.
_Individuals_ with chives and pointals, funnel-shaped; border with
five-clefts, spreading.
_Individuals_ with only pointals, ligulate, spear-shaped, with
three teeth.
CHIVES. Five hair-like threads, very short. Tips forming a hollow
cylinder.
POINTAL. To those with chives and pointals, seed-bud oblong. Shaft
thread-shaped, the length of the chives. Summit two-cleft,
expanding.
Seed-bud to those with pointals only, oblong. Shaft thread-shaped,
the length of the hermaphrodites. Summits two, oblong, bent back.
SEED-VESSEL none. Cup scarcely changing.
SEEDS to the hermaphrodites solitary, oblong, egg-shaped. Feather
hairy.
Females the same as hermaphrodites.
RECEPTACLE naked, almost flat.
SPECIFIC CHARACTER.
Aster caulis fruticosus; foliis dentatis, subtus ferrugineis;
floribus terminalibus; pedunculis unifloris, bracteatis.
Starwort with a shrubby stem; leaves toothed, iron colour beneath;
flowers terminate the branches; fruit-stalks having but one flower,
with floral leaves.
REFERENCE TO THE PLATE.
1. A Floret of the circumference.
2. The Pointal of the preceding.
3. A Floret of the center, (magnified).
4. The Chives and Pointal of the preceding, (magnified).
5. The Shaft and Summit of the same, (magnified).
This plant cannot undoubtedly be considered as amongst the most
beautiful of the vegetable productions of New Holland; but nevertheless,
from the continuance of its flowering, is very desirable as a greenhouse
plant, as it begins to expand its blossoms about December, and from that
time till August is seldom seen without flowers. It is a low-growing
shrub, seldom exceeding a foot in height, and very branching. Like most
plants from Botany Bay, it delights in a light sandy peat soil, is
easily propagated by cuttings, and seeds. The drawing was made from a
plant in the nursery of Messrs. Lee and Kennedy, who raised it first
from seeds in the year 1793.
[Illustration]
PLATE LXII.
GLADIOLUS GRAMINEUS.
_Grass-like Gladiolus._
CLASS III. ORDER I.
_TRIANDRIA MONOGYNIA._ Three Chives. One Pointal.
ESSENTIAL GENERIC CHARACTER.
COROLLA sexpartita, ringens.
STAMINA adscendentia.
BLOSSOM with six divisions, gaping.
CHIVES ascending.
See GLADIOLUS LONGIFLORUS. Plate V.
SPECIFIC CHARACTER.
Gladiolus polystachyus, scapo laxo, spicis capillaribus, flexuosis;
foliis ensiformibus; corollæ sexpartitæ, absque tubo.
Gladiolus with many spikes, upon a flexible flower stem, spikes
hair-like, growing zigzag; leaves sword-shape; blossom of six
divisions, without a tube.
REFERENCE TO THE PLATE.
1. The two sheaths of the Empalement.
2. The Seed-bud, Chives, and Pointal (magnified).
3. The Pointal, (magnified).
This species of Gladiolus has been described by Thunberg, and from him
by Linnæus, in his Suppl. Plant. p. 95, under the specific name it here
bears. It is a little straining on the genus to introduce this species
into it; as it is deficient in most of the essential characters; having
a blossom without a tube, and the petals equal. From the Kew Catalogue
we learn it was introduced in the year 1787, by Mr. F. Masson, to the
royal gardens; is there said to flower most part of the year: a plant of
such character is most desirable, but unfortunately we have never seen
it in blossom but at the usual season for the flowers of this tribe;
that is, from April till June. The capsules of this plant bear a strong
resemblance to those of the Euonymus: generally perfecting their seeds.
It is a very hardy bulb, blows early, and may be kept in a pit protected
from the frost.
[Illustration]
PLATE LXIII.
USTERIA SCANDENS.
_Climbing Usteria._
CLASS XIV. ORDER II.
_DIDYNAMIA ANGIOSPERMIA._ Two Chives longer. Seeds covered.
GENERIC CHARACTER.
CALYX. Perianthium monophyllum, quinquepartitum, persistens;
laciniis erectis, subulatis.
COROLLA. Monopetala, ringens, tubus ventricosus, basi arcta; limbus
bilabiatus, labium _superius_ bifidum, rotundatum, reflexum; labium
_inferius_ trifidum, laciniis rotundatis, intermedia minore.
STAMINA. Filamenta quatuor, sub labio superiori recondita, quorum
duo lateralia longiora, fundo corollæ inserta, basi incrassata,
lanata, apice incurvata. Antheræ erectæ, versatiles, approximatæ.
PISTILLUM. Germen sub-rotundum. Stylus filiformis, persistens;
longitudine staminum. Stigma obtusum.
PERICARPIUM. Capsula sub-rotunda, bilocularis, calyce longior,
obtusa.
SEMINA plurima, sub-rotunda, scabrida.
EMPALEMENT. Cup one leaf, five divisions, permanent; segments
upright, and awl-shaped.
BLOSSOM. One leaf, gaping, tube swelled out in the middle, and
pinched in at the base; border with two lips, the _upper_ divided
into two lobes, which are rounded, and bent back; the _lower_ has
three divisions, the segments rounded, the middle one the smallest.
CHIVES. Threads four, hid under the upper lip, of which the two
side ones are the longest, fixed into the bottom of the blossom,
thickened at the base, woolly, and turned inward at the point. Tips
upright, slightly fixed by the middle, and approaching.
POINTAL. Seed-bud nearly round. Shaft thread-shaped, remaining, the
length of the chives. Summit blunt.
SEED-VESSEL. Capsule nearly round, of two cells, longer than the
cup, blunt ended.
SEEDS many, almost round, and very rough.
SPECIFIC CHARACTER.
Usteria caulis volubilis; foliis hastatis; floribus solitariis,
purpureis; pedunculis tortis, longissimis.
Usteria with a climbing stem; leaves halbert-shaped; flowers
solitary, and purple; fruit-stalks twisted, very long.
REFERENCE TO THE PLATE.
1. A Blossom cut open, to expose the situation of the Chives.
2. One Chive, (magnified).
3. The Pointal, (natural size).
4. The Empalement, and Seed-vessel nearly ripe, of its natural size.
This is another of those plants raised in the year 1797 by the
Marchioness of Bute, at her charming little villa, Brompton, from seeds,
sent to her ladyship from Spain by Dr. Ortega. It is a native of Mexico,
North America, and will live through our winters with the protection of
a greenhouse, to which it forms a beautiful ornament as a creeper;
flowering from May till September, but does not appear to be a
long-lived plant; is easily propagated by cuttings, or from seeds, which
are ripened by November, or earlier; thriving best in light rich earth.
[Illustration]
PLATE LXIV.
PÆONIA ALBIFLORA.
_White Pæony._
CLASS XIII. ORDER II.
_POLYANDRIA DIGYNIA._ Many Chives. Two Pointals.
GENERIC CHARACTER.
CALYX. Perianthium pentaphyllum, parvum, persistens; foliolis
subrotundis, concavis, reflexis, inequalibus magnitudine et situ.
COROLLA. Petala quinque, subrotunda, concava, basi angustiora,
patentia, maxima.
STAMINA. Filamenta numerosa, capillaria. Antheræ oblongæ,
quadrangulæ, erectæ, quadriloculares, magnæ.
PISTILLUM. Germina duo, ovata, erecta, tomentosa. Styli nulli.
Stigmata compressa, obtusa, colorata.
PERICARPIUM. Capsulæ oblongæ, acuminatæ, reflexo-patentes,
tomentosæ, uniloculares, univalves, longitudinaliter introrsum
dehiscentes.
SEMINA plura, ovalia, nitida, colorata, saturæ dehiscenti affixa.
EMPALEMENT. Cup five-leaved, small, and remaining; leaves roundish,
concave, bent back, and unequal both in size and situation.
BLOSSOM. Petals five, roundish, concave, smaller at the base,
spreading, and very large.
CHIVES. Threads numerous, and hair-like. Tips oblong, four-sided,
upright, with four cells, and large.
POINTAL. Seed-buds two, egg-shaped, upright, and downy. Shaft none.
Summits flattened, oblong, blunt, and coloured.
SEED-VESSEL. Capsules oblong, tapered, bent back, and spreading,
downy, of one cell, and one valve, splitting lengthways from the
inner part.
SEEDS many, oval, shining, coloured, and fixed to the suture where
it splits.
SPECIFIC CHARACTER.
Pæonia foliis lobatis, nitentibus; corollis albidis; germinibus
ternis, vel quaternis.
Pæony with leaves divided into lobes, and shining; blossoms white;
seed-buds three, or four.
REFERENCE TO THE PLATE.
1. The Empalement, Chives, and Pointals.
2. A Thread and its Tip (magnified).
3. The Seed-vessels.
4. A Seed.
This new species of Pæony is a native of Mongol Tartary, and the parts
adjacent; of course, is sufficiently hardy to endure our severest
winters. It has been described by Gmelin, in his Flora Sibirica; and
figured by Dr. Pallas, in his Flora Rossica, under the specific title it
here bears. J. Bell, Esq. of Isleworth, procured some plants of it from
St. Petersburg, about the year 1791; where it had been introduced by Dr.
Pallas some time before, when on his travels through Tartary. It forms a
handsome, upright growing, herbaceous plant; the flowers standing much
above the foliage, are much handsomer before they are expanded, than
when fully so; as the under part of the petals are tinged with red,
which contrasted with the purity of the white of the other parts,
renders them at that period extremely beautiful. The figure was taken at
the nursery of Messrs. Lee and Kennedy, this year, in the month of June,
during which month it is in perfection. Like the rest of the Pæonies, it
is easily propagated by the root; requiring little attention in its
cultivation, as it will live in almost any soil or situation.
[Illustration]
PLATE LXV.
OPHRYS LILIFOLIA.
_Lily-leaved Ophrys._
CLASS XX. ORDER I.
_GYNANDRIA DIANDRIA._ Chives on the Pointal. Two Chives.
GENERIC CHARACTER.
CALYX. Spathæ vagæ. Spadix simplex. Perianthium nullum.
COROLLA. Petala quinque, oblonga, sursum conniventia, æqualia; duo
horum exteriora.
_Nectarium_ petalis longius, dependens; postice tantum carinatum.
STAMINA. Filamenta duo, brevissima, pistillo insidentia. Antheræ
erectæ, tectæ margine interiore nectarii.
PISTILLUM. Germen oblongum, contortum, inferum. Stylus margini
interiori nectarii adnatus. Stigma obsoletum.
PERICARPIUM. Capsula subovata, trigona, obtusa, striata, trivalvis,
unilocularis, angulis carinatis dehiscens.