consuetudinary law of marriage was not wholly abrogated, but was
accommodated to the Jews by the Mosaic code. To understand this subject,
therefore, the ancient usages and existing practices must be weighed, as
well from ancient authors as from modern travellers. Whence it appears that
the contract of marriage, whereby a man received a wife in consideration of
a certain sum of money paid to her father, contemplated progeny as its
special object.[5] In default of an heir the Jew took a second wife, it
being assumed that the physical defect was on the wife's part. If the
second had no child he took a third, and in like default a fourth, which
was the limit as understood by the rabbins, and is now the limit assigned
by the Mahometan doctors. But the Mosaic law proceeded even beyond this,
and allowed, on the husband's death, the right of _Iboom_, usually called
the Levirate law, so that in case of there being _no_ child, some _one_ of
the deceased's brothers had a right to take some _one_ of the deceased's
wives: and their progeny was deemed by the Mosaic code to be his deceased
brother's, whose property indeed devolved in the line of such progeniture.
It would appear that it was usual for the eldest brothers to marry, the
younger brothers remaining single. This was a remnant, as modified by
Moses, of the custom of polyandry, several brothers taking one wife,--a
sort of necessary result of polygamy, since the number of males and females
born is equal in all countries, within certain limits of variation. The
best authorities on this subject are the Mishna, Selden, Du Halde, Niebuhr,
Suesmilch, and Michaelis, the last in Dr. Smith's translation, at the
beginning of the 2nd volume.
T. J. BUCKTON.
Lichfield.
[Footnote 5: In the recent ceremony of the French emperor's marriage, money
was presented to the bride.]
STYLITES says, "On what ground has polygamy become forbidden among
Christians? I am not aware that it is directly forbidden by Scripture." In
reply to this I venture to say, that the Divine will on this matter was
sufficiently indicated at the creation, when one woman was appointed for
one man, as expressed in Gen. ii. 24., and quoted by Our Lord, with the
significant addition of the word _twain_: "They twain shall be one flesh"
(Matt. xix. 5.). _Twain_, i.e. two; not twenty, nor any indefinite number.
Moreover, the law of nature speaks, in the nearly equal numbers of men and
women that are born, or, as in this parish, by making the men the more
numerous.
But STYLITES starts a most interesting question in a practical point of
view. It is admitted that the Gospel is not very explicit respecting
polygamy; and why so? Possibly the Gospel was purposely kept silent; and
the Church allowed some latitude in judgment upon a very difficult point,
because it was foreseen that the custom of polygamy would prove one of the
greatest obstacles to a reception of pure Christianity. This difficulty is
of constant occurrence in heathen lands at the present day. The Christian
missionary insists upon the convert abandoning all his wives, except the
one whom he first married. This woman was probably childless; and because
she was so, he formed other and _legal_ connexions. But before he can be
received as a Christian, he must dissolve all these later ties, and
bastardise children who were innocently born in lawful wedlock. The
conditions are very awful. An act of cruelty and injustice has to be
performed by one who is on the point of entering the threshold of
Christianity!
Perhaps these considerations may serve to account for the comparative
silence of the Gospel upon a subject which seemed to require the expression
of a direct command, whilst they will in no way obscure its
universally-admitted meaning.
ALFRED GATTY.
Ecclesfield.
* * * * *
POETICAL TAVERN SIGNS.
(Vol. ix., p. 58.)
The subjoined lines address themselves to the traveller, as he looks on the
sign of "The Rodney's Pillar" inn at Criggirn, a hamlet on the borders of
Montgomeryshire and this county:
"Under these trees, in sunny weather,
Just try a cup of ale, however;
And if in tempest or in storm,
A couple then to make you warm;
But when the day is very cold,
Then taste a mug a twelvemonth old."
_Reverse side._
"Rest, and regale yourself: 'tis pleasant.
Enough is all the prudent need.
That's the due of the hardy peasant,
Who toils all sorts of men to feed.
"Then 'muzzle not the ox when he treads out corn,'
Nor grudge honest labour its pipe and its horn."
G. H. BILLINGTON.
The following, although not a _tavern_ sign, may be worth preserving. I saw
it under a painting of an ox, which adorned a butcher's shop at Ischl, in
Upper Austria, A.D. 1835:
"Der Ochs besteht aus Fleisch und Bein zum laufen,
Darum kann ich das Fleisch nicht ohne Bein verkaufen."
J. C. R.
{331}
In the parlour of the "Three Pigeons," Brentford, is an old painting, dated
1704, representing a landlord attending to his guests seated at a table in
the open air, with these lines above:
"Wee are new beginners,
And thrive wee would faine;
I am Honest Ralf of Reading,
My wife Susand to name."
Wright, in his _Historia Histronica_, 1699, tells us that--
"Lowin (one of the original actors in Shakspeare's plays), in his
latter days, kept an inn, the 'Three Pigeons,' at Brentford, where he
died very old."
At the "Old Parr's Head," Aldersgate Street, was, in 1825, a sign of an
ancient gentleman, with these lines under:
"Your head cool,
Your feet warm;
But a glass of good gin
Would do you no harm."
The author of _Tavern Anecdotes_, 12mo., 1825, records the following:
_"Rhyming Host at Stratford._
At the Swan Tavern, kept by Lound,
The best accommodation's found--
Wine, spirits, porter, bottled beer,
You'll find in high perfection here.
If, in the garden with your lass,
You feel inclin'd to take a glass,
There tea and coffee, of the best,
Provided is for every guest;
And, females not to drive from hence,
His charge is only fifteen pence.
Or, if dispos'd a pipe to smoke,
To sing a song, or crack a joke,
You may repair across the green,
Where nought is heard, tho' much is seen:
There laugh, and drink, and smoke away,
And but a mod'rate reck'ning pay,--
Which is a most important object,
To every loyal British subject.
In short,
The best accommodation's found,
By those who deign to visit Lound."
EDWARD F. RIMBAULT.
1. At a public-house near Cambridge, known to the natives of Cambridgeshire
as "Tew-Pot House," formerly kept by one Cooper, there used to be, I cannot
say decidedly is, as I have not passed the place for ten years and more,
the following:
"Rest, traveller, rest; lo! Cooper's hand
Obedient brings two pots at thy command.
Rest, traveller, rest, and banish thoughts of care.
Drink to thy friends, and recommend them here."
2. The Robin Hood inscription is found, with a very little variation, in
front of a public-house at Cherryhinton, at the corner of the road to
Fulbourn, in this county.
3. Who can forget the suggestion by Walter Scott, of
"Drink, weary traveller, drink and _pay_,"
as a motto for the public-house at Flodden? (See Lockhart's _Life of
Scott_, cap. xxv.)
I remember seeing the following in the parlour of a house at Rancton, I
believe in Norfolk:
"More beer score clerk
For my my his
Do trust pay sent
I I must have
Shall if I brewer
What and and my."[6]
P. J. F. GANTILLON.
[Footnote 6: Begin with the bottom word of the right-hand column and read
upwards, treating the other columns in a similar way.]
In Deansgate, Manchester, under an artistic representation of Llangollen
Castle, is the following:
"Near the above place, in a vault,
There is such liquor fixed,
You'll say that water, hops, and malt
Were never better mixed."
As a parallel to the case cited by NEWBURIENSIS, I may mention the sign of
the "BROWN COW," near the village of Glodwick, Oldham:
"This cow gives such liquor,
'Twould puzzle a viccar" [_sic_].
JOHN SCRIBE.
The following verse from the sign-board of the Bull Inn at Buckland near
Dover, may not be an uninteresting addition to your list of poetical tavern
signs.
"The bull is tame, so fear him not,
All the while you pay your shot;
When money's gone, and credit's bad,
It's that which makes the bull run mad!"
FRAS. BRENT.
Sandgate.
At the Red Lion, Stretton, near Warmington:
"The Lion is strong, the Cat is vicous[_sic_],
My ale is good, and so is my liquors."
E. P. PALING.
February 20, 1854.
At Swainsthorpe, a village five miles from Norwich, on the road to Ipswich,
is a public-house known as the "Dun Cow." Under the portrait of the cow, in
former days, stood the following couplet:
"Walk in, gentlemen; I trust you'll find
The dun cow's milk is to your mind."
{332} Whether it still remains I know not, as many years have gone by since
I passed that way.
T. B. B. H.
* * * * *
"BEHEMOTH."
(Vol. ix., p. 77.)
Hobbes's _Behemoth_ forms the eighth tract in the collection relating to
the civil wars by the Baron Maseres (1815), and occupies nearly 200 pages.
The Baron, in his Preface (pp. lxxviii., lxxix.) gives the following
character of the work:
"It is written in a very clear and lively style, and contains a great
deal of curious historical matter concerning the rise and gradual
increase of the Pope's power over temporal princes: the prohibition of
marriage in secular priests; the doctrine of transubstantiation; the
institution of auricular confession to a priest; the institution of
Orders of preaching friars; and the institution of Universities and
Schools of Disputation; (all which institutions, he observes, had a
tendency to increase the power of the Pope, and were made for that
purpose,) which is set forth in pp. 467, 468., &c., to p. 472. And much
other interesting matter, concerning the sentiments of the Presbyterian
ministers, the Papists, the Independents, and other sectaries. The
pretensions made by them to Spiritual Power, and the nature of heresies
and the history of them, is clearly and justly described in another
part of it; over and above the narration of the several events of the
civil war itself, which I believe to be faithful and exact in point of
fact, though with a different judgment of Mr. Hobbes as to the moral
merit of the persons concerned in producing them, from that which, I
presume, will be formed by many of the readers of this history at this
day; which difference of judgment between Mr. Hobbes and the present
readers of this work, will be a necessary consequence, from Mr.
Hobbes's having entertained two very important opinions concerning the
nature of civil government in general, and of the monarchical
government of England in particular, which in the present age are
thought, by almost every Englishman who has paid any attention to the
subject, to be exceedingly erroneous."
Subjoined to his reprint of this tract, the Baron has appended remarks on
some particular passages therein, which appeared to him to contain
erroneous opinions.
C. H. COOPER.
Cambridge.
* * * * *
PHOTOGRAPHIC CORRESPONDENCE.
_Photographic Slides for the Magic Lantern._--Might not the collodion
process be applied very usefully in the preparation of slides for the magic
lantern?
Good slides are always expensive, owing, in great measure, to the accuracy
required, where every defect will be magnified some hundred times.
I would suggest that a photographic picture should be taken on the glass
plate, and then varnished. The painter should then apply his colours to the
_opposite_ side of the glass, using the photographic image as his outline.
The colours would then be burnt in, and the varnish and collodion film
cleared off.
This plan would be especially useful when the photographic picture had been
taken by the microscope.
THOS. SCOTT, B.A.
Brighton.
_Albumenized Paper._--If MR. HELE will follow the directions contained in a
paper of mine which you published in Vol. ix., p. 206., for albumenizing
paper, I think he will have no reason to complain of waves, or streaks, or
blotches, and will be saved the trouble of the damping process which he
uses and recommends to others. ("N. & Q.," Vol. ix., p. 254.) I have done a
considerable quantity of paper of Canson, both positive and negative, and
also of other makers, Whatman, Turner, Sandford, and Nash, and in all I
have succeeded perfectly in obtaining an even coating of albumen. I am
convinced from my own experience that the cause of waviness, &c., is due to
raising the paper from the albumen _too slowly_. If the paper be snatched
hastily from the solution, air bubbles no doubt will be formed; but if the
paper be raised with a steady even motion, _not too slow_, the albumen will
flow evenly from the paper, and it will dry with a perfectly even surface.
MR. SHADBOLT is certainly mistaken in saying that positives printed from
negatives will not stand a saturated solution of hypo. soda, unless they be
printed so intensely dark that all traces of a picture by reflected light
are obliterated. I have used nothing but a saturated solution for fixing my
positives for a considerable time, and my experience agrees with that of
other of your correspondents, that the picture is not as much reduced by a
saturated solution as by a weaker one. By adding about one grain of sel
d'or to every eight ounces of saturated solution, very rich black tones
will be obtained.
I inclose a specimen of what I have got in this way.
C. E. F.
[The specimen sent is most satisfactory; we wish that the locality of
the view had been stated.--ED.]
_Mounting Positives on Cardboard._--In the absence of any other reply to
J. L. S. (Vol. ix., p. 282.), the following, as the method I always adopt,
may serve his purpose.
Having cut the positive to the size required, and trimmed the edges, place
it upon the cardboard to which it is intended to be attached, and carefully
centre it; then with a pencil make a slight dot at each of the angles.
Remove the proof, and lay it _face downwards_ upon a piece of clean paper
or a cloth, and with any convenient brush smear it evenly over with a paste
made of arrowroot, taking care not to have more than just enough to cover
it without leaving any patches. Place it gently on the cardboard, holding
it for the purpose by two _opposite_ angles, and with a silk handkerchief
dab it gently, beginning in the middle, and work any little superfluity of
the paste towards the edges, when it will be gradually pressed out. The
whole may be placed in a press, or under a pile of books to dry. {333}
My object in using arrowroot is simply that of having a _pure starch_
without colour, and it serves as a size to the paper, which has lost that
originally in it by the repeated washings, &c.
The paste is made very thin, thus:--Put a teaspoonful of arrowroot (not
_heaped_) into a teacup with about two spoonfuls of cold water, and mix
into a paste: then add _boiling_ water enough to fill the cup, and stir.
Many photographers merely attach the _edges_ of their pictures, but I
prefer them to adhere all over. Gum is fatal to the beauty of a photograph,
unless it is previously re-sized.
GEO. SHADBOLT.
_Mr. Lyte's Collodion_ (Vol. ix., p. 225.).--Our readers may remember that
in "N. & Q.," Feb. 18, MR. F. MAXWELL LYTE furnished our readers with a
detailed plan of his mode of preparing collodion. In that article, written
from Pau, that gentleman was so good as to promise us that when he had an
opportunity he would send us a couple of specimens of his workmanship. He
has more than fulfilled his promise, for we have received from him this
week four photographs, which, for general beauty and minuteness of detail,
cannot be surpassed. The subjects are, I. Study of Trees, No. 2.; II. Study
of Trees, No. 5. Old Pollard Oak; III. Study of Trees, Peasants collecting
Leaves; IV. Old Church Porch, Morlaas, Monogram of the Eleventh Century.
MR. LYTE, who is a first-rate chemist, has shown himself by these specimens
to be also a first-rate practical photographer. From him, therefore, the
art may look for much future progress.
* * * * *
Replies to Minor Queries.
_Burton's "Anatomy of Melancholy"_ (Vol. ix., p. 191.).--DR. RIMBAULT may
perhaps be interested in hearing that some years ago I urged upon two
London publishers the desirableness of bringing out a new edition of
Burton's _Anatomy of Melancholy_, but they both declined to undertake the
work. I then resolved to publish myself the _latter_ part of the work (on
_Religious Melancholy_), and made known my intention in. "N. & Q.," in the
hope of obtaining some casual notes and observations; but in this also I
was disappointed. As, however, my intention is only suspended for the
present, not abandoned, I shall be obliged by any assistance that DR.
RIMBAULT, or any of your readers, can afford me. Can any one correct the
following list of editions of the _Anatomy of Melancholy_?
1621. 4to. Oxford.
1624. fol. Oxford.
1628. fol. Oxford.
1632. fol. Oxford.
1638. fol.
1651-2. fol.
1660. fol. London.
1676. fol.
1728. fol.
1738. fol.
1800. fol. 2 vols.
1804. 8vo. 2 vols.
1806. 8vo. 2 vols.
1827. 8vo. 2 vols.
1829. 8vo. 2 vols.
1837. 8vo. 2 vols.
1839. 8vo.
1845. 8vo.
If Watt's _Biblioth._ be correct, the _last_ folio edition was _not_ that
of 1676 (see "N. & Q.," Vol. ix., p. 121.); but on this and other similar
points I shall be glad to hear DR. RIMBAULT'S opinion.
M. D.
_Original Royal Letters to the Grand Masters of Malta_ (Vol. viii.,
p. 99.).--When making out the list of English Royal Letters, which has
already appeared in "N. & Q.," we were not aware that any others besides
those which we recorded at the time were to be found in the Record Office.
Since then Dr. Vella has examined other manuscript volumes, and,
fortunately, brought to light nine more autograph letters, to which,
according to their dates, we hope to call your attention hereafter. They
are as follows:
+-------------+-------------------------+-----------------------------+
|Writer. |Date. |In what |To whom addressed. |
| | |Language | |
| | |written. | |
+-------------+-------------------------+-----------------------------+
|Charles II. |28th November, 1670. |Latin. |Nicholas Cotoner. |
|Ditto |12th February, 1674. |Ditto. |Ditto. |
|Ditto |19th May, 1675. |Ditto. |Ditto. |
|Ditto |28th October, 1676. |Ditto. |Ditto. |
|Ditto |2nd November, 1678. |Ditto. |Ditto. |
|James II.* |24th August, 1685. |Ditto. |Gregory Caraffa. |
|Ditto |10th day of Jan. 1686-7. |Ditto. |Ditto. |
|Ditto |9th April, 1687. |Ditto. |Ditto. |
|George I. |5th May, 1715. |Ditto. |Raymond Perellos. |
+-------------+-------------------------+-----------------------------+
* The letters of James II. are countersigned "Comes de Sunderland,"[7] and
that of George I. "I. Stanhope."
In our previous list an error occurred, which we would wish to correct. The
last letter of Henry VIII. was addressed to the Grand Master Pierre Du
Pont, and not to Nicholas Cotoner, who ascended the Maltese throne in 1663.
The translation of H. M.'s congratulatory letter to Du Pont, on his
election, we trust you have already received. We referred in our former
Note to a letter of Charles II., under date of "the last day of November,
1674," and since that came to our observation we have seen an _exact copy_
bearing the autograph of the king. This circumstance leads us to inquire at
what period, and with what English monarch, the custom of sending duplicate
letters originated? In the time of James II. it would appear to have been
followed, as one of H. M.'s letters is thus marked in his own handwriting.
We would state, before closing this Note, that the letters of James II. are
the earliest in date of any English royal letters filed away at this island
which are _countersigned, or bear the address_ of the Grand Master at the
foot of the first page, on the left-hand side, as is customary in writing
official letters to government officers at the present time.
Will any of your correspondents kindly inform us with what English monarch
the custom {334} originated of having his letters countersigned by a
minister, and of placing the address within the letter, as is the case in
those of James II. to which we have just referred?
WILLIAM WINTHROP.
La Valetta, Malta.
[Footnote 7: Robert Spencer, second Earl of Sunderland, K.G., was principal
Secretary of State during the latter years of Charles II. and the whole
reign of James II., and as such, when countersigning a royal letter, he
placed at the end of his signature the letter P.]
_Prince Charles' Attendants in Spain_ (Vol. ix., p. 272.).--In a small 4to.
MS. in my possession, entitled "A Narrative of Count Gondomar's Proceedings
in England," is the following list of "The Prince's Servants" who
accompanied him in his Journey into Spain:
"_Master of the Horse_, Lord Andover.
_Master of the Ward_, Lord Compton.
_Chamberlain_, Lord Carey.
_Comptroller_, Lord Vaughan.
_Secretary_, Sir Francis Cottington.
_Gentleman of the Bed-chamber_, Sir Robert Carr.
{Sir William Howard,
{Sir Edmund Verney,
{Sir William Crofts,
_Gentlemen of the Privy_ {Sir Richard Wynne,
_Chamber_ {Mr. Ralph Clare,
{Mr. John Sandilaus,
{Mr. Charles Glemham.
{Mr. Francis Carew.
_Gentleman Usher of the Privy Chamber_, Sir John North.
{Mr. Newton,
_Gentlemen Ushers of the Presence_ {Mr. Young,
{Mr. Tyrwhitt.
_Grooms of the Bed-chamber_, five.
_Pages_, three.
_Chaplains_, two."
EDWARD F. RIMBAULT.
_Churchill's Grave_ (Vol. ix., p. 122.).--The fact that Churchill's grave
is at Dover, is not an obscure one. It was visited by Byron, who wrote a
poem on the subject, which will be found in his _Works_. This poem is
remarkable, among other things, from the circumstance that it is written in
avowed and serious imitation of the style of Wordsworth.
M. T. W.
"_Cissle_" (Vol. ix., p. 148.).--If A. refers to Forby's _Vocabulary of
East Anglia_, he will find:
"SIZZLE, _v._ To dry and shrivel up with hissing, by the action of fire
or some greasy or juicy substance."
C. R. M.
_Contributors to Knight's "Quarterly Magazine"_ (Vol. ix., p. 103.).--I can
answer one of E. H.'s inquiries. Gerard Montgomery was the assumed name of
the Rev. J. Moultrie. It was originally adopted by him in that most
brilliant of all school periodicals, _The Etonian_, and the mask was thrown
off in the list of contributors given at the end of the third volume. In
_The Etonian_ it was attached to "Godiva," the poem which attracted the
warm admiration of Gifford of the _Quarterly Review_, a man not prodigal of
praise, and the "Godiva" of Moultrie may still fearlessly unveil its charms
beside the "Godiva" of Tennyson. His longest poem in Knight's _Quarterly_
was "La Belle Tryamour," which has since been republished in a volume of
collected poems with his name to them, many of which are strikingly unlike
it in character. The gay _Etonian_ is now the vicar of Rugby; and the story
of his experiences has been told by himself with a singular charm in his
"Dream of a Life."
Strange it is that the contributions of Macaulay to Knight's _Quarterly
Magazine_ should not, ere now, have been reprinted. Some few of them have
been so, and are become familiar as household words on both sides of the
Atlantic. The others are as obscure as if still in manuscript. What does
the public at large know of the "Fragments of a Roman Tale," or the "Scenes
from Athenian Revels;" in which the future historian tried his powers as a
romancer and a dramatist--in the one case bringing before us Caesar and
Catiline, in the other Alcibiades and his comrades. There are essays too by
Macaulay in Knight's _Quarterly Magazine_ of a lighter character than those
in the _Edinburgh Review_, but not less brilliant than any in that splendid
series which now takes rank as one of the most valuable contributions of
the present age to the standard literature of England. It would not be one
of the least weighty arguments against the extended law of copyright, which
Macaulay succeeded in passing, that the public is now deprived of the
enjoyment of such treasures as these by the too nice fastidiousness of
their author. As on two former occasions, we suppose that they are likely
to be first collected in Boston or New York, and that London will
afterwards profit by the rebound.
M. T. W.
"_La Langue Pandras_" (Vol. ii., pp. 376. 403.).--It is merely a
conjecture, but may not the word _Pandras_ be the second person singular in
the future tense of a verb derived from the Latin _pando_, "to open?" I am
not aware of the existence of such a word as _pander_ in old French; but I
believe that it was by no means an unusual practice among the writers of
Chaucer's time to adapt Latin words to their own idiom.
HONORE DE MAREVILLE.
Guernsey.
_Cranmer Bibles_ (Vol. ix., p. 119.).--S. R. M. will be gratified to learn,
that the death of Mr. Lea Wilson has not, as he conjectures, led to the
dispersion of the curious collection of Cranmer Bibles, which he had been
at so much pains in forming, but to its being rendered more accessible.
They were all purchased for the British Museum.
M. T. W.
_Voisonier_ (Vol. ix., p. 224.).--A corruption of _vowsoner_, _i. e._ the
owner of the _vowson_; this last {335} word being anciently used for
_advowson_, as may by seen by the glossary to Robert of Gloucester's
_Works_.
C. H.
I submit that this word means _advowsoner_, that is, "owner of the
advowson."
Q. D.
_Word-minting_ (Vol. ix., p. 151.).--To MR. MELVILLE'S list of new words,
you may add: _talented_ (Yankee), _adumbrate_ (pedantic), _service_. The
latter word is of very late importation from the French, within three
years, as applied to the lines of steamers, or traffic of railways. It is
an age of word-minting; and bids fair to corrupt the purity of the English
language by the coinage of the slovenly writer, and adoption of foreign or
learned words which possess an actual synonym in our own tongue. MR.
MELVILLE deserves our thanks for his timely notice of such "contraband"
wares.
MACKENZIE WALCOTT, M.A.
Your correspondent MR. MELVILLE will be surprised to learn that the words
_deranged_, _derangement_, now so generally used in reference to a
disordered intellect, or madness, are not to be found in any dictionary
that I have seen.
J. A. H.
_Fair Rosamond_ (Vol. ix., p. 163.).--The lines which your correspondent
C. C. inquires for are from Warner's _Albion's England_, which first
appeared in thirteen books in 1586:
"Fair Rosamond, surprised thus ere thus she did expect,
Fell on her humble knees, and did her fearful hands erect:
She blushed out beauty, whilst the tears did wash her pleasing face,
And begged pardon, meriting no less of common grace.
'So far, forsooth, as in me lay, I did,' quoth she, 'withstand;
But what may not so great a king by means or force command?'
'And dar'st thou, minion,' quoth the queen, 'thus article to me?'
. . . . . . . . . .
With that she dashed her on the lips, so dyed double red:
Hard was the heart that gave the blow, soft were those lips that bled."
J. M. B.
_Death-warnings in ancient Families_ (Vol. ix., pp. 55. 114. 150.).--
"As a Peaksman, and a long resident in the Isle of Man, Peveril was
well acquainted with many a superstitious legend; and particularly with
a belief, which attached to the powerful family of the Stanleys, for
their peculiar demon, a Ban-shie, or female spirit, who was wont to
shriek, 'Foreboding evil times;' and who was generally seen weeping and
bemoaning herself before the death of any person of distinction
belonging to the family."--_Peveril of the Peak_, vol. ii. p. 174.
J. M.
Oxford.
_Poets Laureate_ (Vol. ii., p. 20.).--Your correspondent S. H. will find
"an account of the origin, office, emoluments, and privileges of poet
laureate" in a recent work entitled _The Lives of the Poets Laureate, with
an Introductory Essay on the Title and Office_, by W. S. Austin, Jun., and
J. Ralph (Richard Bentley, 1853).
From _The Memoirs of William Wordsworth_, vol. ii. p. 403., it would appear
that there is a "very interesting literary essay on the laureates of
England by Mr. Quillinan."
In the year 1803, it would appear that Lord Hardwicke, Lord Lieutenant of
Ireland, "offered to create a laureateship in Ireland, with the same
emoluments as the English one," if Mr. Moore would accept it. (_Memoirs of
Tom Moore_, vol. i. p. 228.)
From Mr. Moore's Letter to his Mother, dated May 20, 1803, we learn that--
"The manner in which Mr. Wickham communicated the circumstance to me
would disgust any man with the least spirit of independence about him.
I accordingly, yesterday, after the receipt of my father's letter,
enclosed the ode on the birth-day, at the same time resigning the
situation."--_Memoirs of Tom Moore_, vol. i. pp. 126--128.
LEONARD L. HARTLEY.
York.
_Brissot de Warville_ (Vol. ix., p. 209.).--Since my last communication on
the above subject, I have obtained _The Life of J. P. Brissot, &c., written
by himself_, an 8vo. volume of pp. 92, published by Debrett, London, 1794.
It is a translation, the original of which I have never seen. And if you do
not think the subject exhausted, perhaps you will spare a few lines for his
own account of his name.
"The office of an attorney was my gymnasium; I laboured in it for the
space of five years, as well in the country as in Paris.... To relieve
my weariness and disgust, I applied myself to literature and to the
sciences. The study of the languages was, above all others, my
favourite pursuit. Chance threw in my way two Englishmen, on a visit to
my own country: I learned their language, and this circumstance decided
my fate. It was at the commencement of my passion for that language
that I made the metamorphosis of a diphthong in my name, which has been
imputed to me as so great a crime; and, since I must render an account
of every particular point, lest even the slightest hold against me
should be afforded to malignity, I will declare the cause of the change
in question. Born the thirteenth child of my family, and the second of
my brothers in it, I bore, for the purpose of being distinguished from
them, according to the custom of Beance, the name of a village in which
my father {336} possessed some landed property. This village was called
Ouarville, and Ouarville became the name by which I was known in my own
country. A fancy struck me that I would cast an English air over my
name, and therefore I substituted, in the place of the French diphthong
_ou_, the _w_ of the English, which has the same sound. Since this
nominal alteration, having put it as a signature to my published works
and to different deeds, I judged it right to preserve it. If this be a
crime, I participate in the guilt of the French _literati_, who, in the
sixteenth and seventeenth centuries, made no scruple whatsoever of
_grecising_ or (if we may use the expressions) _latinising_ their
appellations. _Arouet_, to escape from a reproachful pun upon his name,
changed it into that of _Voltaire_. The _Anglomania_ (if such it may be
called) has occasioned me to alter mine; not, as it has been pretended,
to draw in dupes, or to avoid passing for the son of my father, since I
have perpetually borne, signed, and printed the name of my father after
that second name which was given to me according to the custom of my
country."
There are many other interesting particulars, but the above is all that
bears upon his adoption of the name Warville, and will, perhaps, be
considered pretty conclusive.
N. J. A.
"_Branks_," (Vol. ix., p. 149.).--In Wodrow's _Biographical Collections_,
vol. ii. p. 72., under the date June 15, 1596, will be found the following:
"The Session (of Glasgow) appoint jorgs and _branks_ to be made for
punishing flyters."
I cannot at this moment refer particularly, but I know that the word is to
be found in Burns' _Poems_ in the sense of a rustic bit or bridle. The term
is still in use in the west of Scotland; and country horses, within the
memory of many, were tormented with the clumsy contrivance across their
noses. With all its clumsiness it was very powerful, as it pressed on the
nostrils of the animal: its action was somewhat like that of a pair of
scissors.
L. N. R.
_Theobald le Botiller._ (Vol. viii., p. 367.).--If MR. DEVEREUX refers to
Lynch on _Feudal Dignities_, p. 81., he will find that Theobald le
Botiller, called the second hereditary Butler of Ireland, was of age in
1220, and died, not in 1230, but in 1248; that he married Roesia de Verdon;
that his eldest son and heir was Theobald, third Butler (grandfather of
Edmund, sixth Butler, who was created Earl of Carrick), and that by the
same marriage he was also the ancestor of the Verdons of England and of
Ireland. Now, in Lodge's _Peerage_ by Archdall, 1789, vol. iv. p. 5., it is
said that the wife of Theobald, second Butler, was Joane, eldest sister and
co-heir of John de Marisco, a great baron in Ireland; and thirdly, Sir
Bernard Burke, in his _Extinct Peerage_, makes his wife to be Maud, sister
of Thomas a Becket. Which of these three accounts am I to believe?
Y. S. M.
_Lord Harington (not Harrington)_ (Vol. viii., p. 366.).--In Collins'
_Peerage_, by Sir Egerton Brydges, ed. 1812, I find that Hugh Courtenay,
second Earl of Devon, born in 1303, had a daughter Catherine who married
first, Lord Harington, and secondly, Sir Thomas Engain. This evidently must
have been John, second Lord Harington, who died in 1363, and not William,
fifth lord, as given in Burke: the fifth lord was not born till after 1384,
and died in 1457.
Y. S. M.
_Amontillado_ (Vol. ix., p. 222.).--This wine was first imported into
England about the year 1811, and the supply was so small, that the entire
quantity was only sufficient for the table of three consumers, who speedily
became attached to it, and thenceforward drank no other sherry. One of
these was His Royal Highness the late Duke of Kent; and another, an old
friend of one who now ventures from a distant recollection to give an
account of its origin.
The winegrowers at Xeres de la Frontera had been obliged, in consequence of
the increasing demand for sherry, to extend their vineyards up the sides of
the mountains, beyond the natural soil of the sherry grape. The produce
thus obtained was mixed with the fruit of the more genial soil below, and a
very good sherry for common use was the result.
When the French devastated the neighbourhood of Xeres in 1809, they
destroyed many of the vineyards, and for a time put the winegrowers to
great shifts. One house in particular was obliged to have recourse chiefly
to the mountain grape for the support of its trade, and for the first time
manufactured it without admixture into wine. Very few butts of this produce
would stand, and by far the greater portion was treated with brandy to make
it saleable.
The small quantity that resisted the acetous fermentation, turned out to be
very different in flavour to the ordinary sherry wine, and it was sent over
to this country under the name of Amontillado sherry, from the circumstance
of the grape having been grown on the mountains.
The genuine wine is very delicate, with a peculiar flavour, slightly
aromatic rather than nutty; and answers admirably to the improved taste of
the present age.
PATONCE.
"_Mairdil_" (Vol. ix., p. 233.).--I have heard the word "maddle" often used
in the West Riding of Yorkshire, in exactly the same sense as the word
_mairdil_, as mentioned by MR. STEPHENS. And in this part the work-people
would use the word "muddle" in a similar sense.
J. L. SISSON.
_Separation of the Sexes in Church_ (Vol. ii., p. 94.).--In many churches
in Lower Brittany I observed that the women occupied the nave exclusively,
the men placing themselves in the aisles. {337} I speak, of course, of
Roman Catholic churches; but I believe that in the Protestant congregations
in France, the rule of the separation of the sexes has always been
observed.
In the island of Guernsey it has been usual, although the custom is now
beginning to be broken through, for the men to communicate before the
women. As the Presbyterian discipline was introduced into that island from
France and Geneva, and prevailed there from the time of the Reformation
until the Restoration of Charles II., it is probable that this usage is a
remnant of the rule by which the sexes were separated during divine
service.
EDGAR MACCULLOCH.
Guernsey.
_Costume of the Clergy not Enarean_ (Vol. ix., p.101.).--A. C. M. has no
other authority for calling the cassock and girdle of the clergy
"effeminate," or "a relique of the ancient priestly predilection for female
attire," than the contrast to the close-fitting skin-tight fashion adopted
by modern European tailors; the same might be said of any flowing kind of
robe, such as the Eastern costume, or that of the English judges, which as
nearly approaches to the cassock and cincture as possible. In a late number
of the _Illustrated London News_ will be found drawings from the new
statues of the kings of England lately erected in the new Houses of
Parliament: of, I think, twelve there represented, eight have a
"petticoat-like cassock," or frock, and of course for convenience a girdle.
Can any of your correspondents inform us when the cassock was introduced as
an ecclesiastical dress, whether it was then worn by persons of other
vocations, and what was the ecclesiastical costume (if any) which it
superseded?
H. P.
_Inedited Letter of Lord Nelson_ (Vol. ix., p. 241.).--On behalf of the
precious pages of "N. & Q.," I beg leave to protest against printing as
_inedited_ what a very slight degree of research would have found to have
been long since published. The letter in question will be found in Clarke
and McArthur's _Life of Nelson_, vol. ii. p. 431., and in Nicolas's _Nelson
Despatches_, vol. vii. p. 75.
I am induced to notice this especially, in the hope that MR. JACOB, who
promises us future communications of the same class, may previously satisfy
himself that they are _inedited_.
C.
_Views in London by Canaletto_ (Vol. ix., p. 106.).--In reply to the
inquiry of your correspondent GONDOLA, with respect to views of London
painted by Canaletto, whose announcement of them he quotes, I beg to inform
him that I have in my collection one of these views, "The Thames from the
Temple Gardens," in which it is curious to trace, in Thames wherries, grave
Templars, and London atmosphere, the hand that was usually employed on
gondolas, maskers, and Italian skies. I believe that others of his London
views are in the collections of the Dukes of Northumberland and Buccleuch.
EDMUND PHIPPS.
Park Lane.
_Richard Geering_ (Vol. viii., p. 504.).--I thank JULIA R. BOCKETT for her
Reply, and if H. C. C. will send me a copy of the Geering pedigree and
arms, I shall feel much obliged, and should I succeed in discovering any
particulars of _Richard's_ ancestry, I shall willingly communicate the
result to him. I have already sent you my name and address, but not for
publication; and I added a stamped envelope, in case any person wished to
communicate directly with me. I can have no objection to your giving my
address privately to any one, but being "unknown to fame," I prefer
retaining in your pages the _incognito_ I have assumed. I quite agree with
the remarks of H. B. C. and MR. KING, Vol. viii., pp. 112. 182.
Y. S. M.
_Grafts and the Parent Tree_ (Vol. vii., pp. 365. 436. 486. 536.).--I was
equally surprised with H. C. K. at the dictum of MR. INGLEBY, that "grafts
after some fifteen years wear themselves out," but the ground for such a
belief is fairly suggested by J. G. (p. 536.), otherwise I am afraid the
almost universal experience of orchardists would contradict MR. INGLEBY'S
theory. The "Ross Nonpareil," a well-known and valuable fruit, was, like
the Ribston Pippin, singular to say, raised from Normandy seed. The fact
has been often told to me by a gentleman who died several years since, at a
very advanced age, in the town of New Ross, co. Wexford. He perfectly
remembered the original tree standing in the garden attached to the endowed
school in that town, where it had been originally planted by Sir John
Ivory, the son or grandson of a Cromwellian settler, who raised it from
seed, at the commencement of the eighteenth century; and who left his own
dwelling-house in New Ross to be a school, and endowed it out of his
estates. The tree has long since decayed, but its innumerable _grafted_
successors are in the most flourishing condition. The flavour of this apple
lies chiefly in its rind.
Y. S. M.
_Golden Tooth_ (Vol. viii., p. 382.).--I recollect very well, when a boy,
trying to keep my tongue out of the cavity from whence a tooth had been
extracted, in the hope of acquiring the golden tooth promised to me by my
old nurse, and after several attempts having succeeded in refraining for
four-and-twenty hours (the period required to elapse), and no gold tooth
appearing, I well remember my disgust and disappointment. This {338} folk
lore (query _lure_) was, and I believe still is, in full force in the south
of Ireland, and probably elsewhere.
Y. S. M.
_Cambridge Mathematical Questions_ (Vol. ix., p. 35.).--These are so far
put forth "by authority" as the publication in the Cambridge _Calendar_,
and the two local newspapers goes; a collection of the Senate House Papers
for "Honours" from 1838 to 1849, has also been published, arranged
according to subjects, by Rev. A. H. Frost, M.A., of St. John's College.
P. J. F. GANTILLON.
_Lichfield Bower or Wappenschau_ (Vol. ix., p. 242.).--In answer to MR.
LAMONT'S question, I have to inform him that in this city a similar
_wappenschau_, or exhibition of arms, has been annually maintained, with a
short intermission, from time immemorial. The Court of Array held on Whit
Monday was anciently commenced, according to Pitt, by the high constables
of this city, attended by ten men with firelocks, and adorned with ribbons,
preceded by eight morris-dancers, and a clown fantastically dressed,
escorting the sheriff, town clerk, and bailiffs from the Guildhall to the
Bower at Greenhill, temporarily erected for their reception, where the
names of all the householders and others of the twenty-one wards of the
city were called to do suit and service to "the court of review of men and
arms." The dozener, or petty constable of each ward, was summoned to
attend, who with a flag joined the procession through his ward, when a
volley was fired over every house in it, and the procession was regaled by
the inhabitants with refreshments. Those inhabitants who, on such summons,
proceeded to the Bower, were regaled with a cold collation. Those who did
not attend (for the names of each ward were called over) were fined one
penny each. The twenty-one wards require a long day for this purpose, and
it is concluded by a procession to the market-place, where the town clerk
informs them that the firm allegiance of their ancestors had obtained
grants to their city of valuable charters and immunities, and advises them
to continue in the same course. The dozeners then deposit their flags under
the belfry in the adjacent church of St. Mary's. This ceremony still
continues, with the exception of the armed men and the firing.
T. J. BUCKTON.
Lichfield.
_Anecdote of George IV._ (Vol. ix., p. 244.).--In the letter supposed to be
written by the late Prince of Wales when a child, I observe these words:
"which have stolen from the old woman (the queen)." I think it more
probable that the writer refers to Mrs. Schwellenberg, an old German lady,
who came over with the late queen as a confidential domestic, and who would
have such articles under her keeping. (See _Diary of Madame D'Arblay_.) The
transaction is a notable instance of the prince's forethought and
liberality at an early age.
W. H.
_Pedigree to the Time of Alfred_ (Vol. viii., p. 586.; Vol. ix.,
p. 283.).--I beg to inform your correspondent S. D. that she will find a
very interesting notice of the Wapshot family in _Chertsey and its
Neighbourhood_, by Mrs. S. C. Hall, 1853.
GEO. BISH WEBB.
_Tortoiseshell Tom-cat_ (Vol. v., p. 465.; Vol. vii., p. 271.).--I have
certainly heard of tortoiseshell tom-cats; but never having seen one, I
cannot affirm that any such exist. The fact of their rarity is undoubted;
but I should like to be informed by W. R., or any other person who has paid
particular attention to the natural history of this useful and much
calumniated domestic animal, whether yellow female cats are not quite as
uncommon as tortoiseshell males?
HONORE DE MAREVILLE.
Guernsey.
* * * * *
Miscellaneous.
NOTES ON BOOKS, ETC.
The new edition of Mr. Smee's valuable little work on _The Eye in Health
and Disease_, is one to which we desire to direct the attention of all our
readers, for the subject is one of great importance, and more especially to
reading men. Mr. Smee has obviously devoted great attention to the various
derangements to which this hardly-worked yet beautifully-delicate organ is
liable; and his remarks cannot fail to prove of great service to those who
require the assistance either of the oculist or the optician. To our
photographic readers, the present reprint will be of especial interest for
the very able paper "_On the Stereoscope and Binocular Perspective_," which
is appended to it.
_The Homeric Design of the Shield of Achilles_, by William Watkiss Lloyd. A
dissertation on a subject immortalised by the poetry of Homer and the
sculpture of Flaxman, which will well repay our classical readers for the
time spent in its perusal.
_Architectural Botany, setting forth the Geometrical Distribution of
Foliage, Flowers, Fruit_, &c.--a separately published extract from Mr.
W. P. Griffith's _Ancient Gothic Churches_--is a farther endeavour on the
part of the author to direct attention to the laws by which vegetable
productions were created and imitated by the early architects, and thereby
to contribute to securing greater beauty and precision on the part of their
successors to the decoration of churches.
BOOKS RECEIVED.--_Gibbon's Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire, with Notes
by Milman and Guizot, edited by_ Dr. William Smith. The second volume of
this handsome edition, forming part of Murray's _British Classics_, extends
from the reign of Claudius to Julian's victories in Gaul.--_The
Archaeologia Cambrensis, New {339} Series, No. XVII._, has, in addition to
an excellent article by Mr. Hartshorne on Conway Castle, a number of other
papers on subjects connected with the Principality.--_Lives of the Queens
of England_, by Agnes Strickland, Vol. IV., is entirely dedicated to
Glorious Queen Bess, of whom we think far more highly than her
biographer.--_Poetical Works of William Cowper_, edited by Robert Bell,
Vol. I. Cowper is so great and deserved a favourite, that his works will
probably be among the most popular portion of Parker's _Annotated Edition
of the English Poets_.--_The Journal of Sacred Literature_, New Series, No.
XI., April 1854, contains thirteen various articles illustrative of the
Sacred Writings, besides its valuable miscellaneous correspondence and
intelligence.--_Macaulay's Critical and Historical Essays._ Part II. of the
People's Edition contains for one shilling some six or seven of these
brilliant essays, including those on Moore's Byron, Boswell's Johnson,
Nugent's Hampden, and Burleigh.--The _Cyclopaedia Bibliographica_, Part
XIX. The first portion of this valuable work must be drawing rapidly to a
close, as this nineteenth part extends to Rev. R. Valpy.
* * * * *
BOOKS AND ODD VOLUMES WANTED TO PURCHASE.
THE WORKS OF DR. JONATHAN SWIFT. London, printed for C. Bathurst, in Fleet
Street, 1768. Vol VII. (Vol. VI. ending with "Verses on the Death of Dr.
Swift," written in Nov. 1731.)
BYRON'S WORKS. Vol. VI. of Murray's Edition. 1829.
The Volume of the LONDON POLYGLOTT which contains the Prophets.
Imperfection in other parts of no consequence.
CARLISLE ON GRAMMAR SCHOOLS.
THE CIRCLE OF THE SEASONS. London, 1828. 12mo. Two copies.
*** Letters, stating particulars and lowest price, _carriage free_, to be
sent to MR. BELL, Publisher of "NOTES AND QUERIES." 186. Fleet Street.
Particulars of Price, &c. of the following Books to be sent direct to the
gentlemen by whom they are required, and whose names and addresses are
given for that purpose:
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Wanted by _A. Baden, Jun._, 1. Old Broad Street.
ALLISTER'S PARADIGMA CHESS OPENINGS.
NATT'S SERMONS PREACHED AT ST. SEPULCHRE.
ARMYTAGE'S (Rev. J., of Tidenham) SERMONS.
MAYHEW'S LONDON LIFE AND LABOUR. Complete.
NICHOLSON'S LECTURES ON HEZEKIAH.
WALTON AND COTTON'S ANGLER. Edited by Sir H. Nicolas.
Wanted by _Mr. Hayward_, Bookseller, Bath.
* * * * *
THE FAMILY INSTRUCTOR, by De Foe. 2 Vols. 1841. Oxford, Talboys.
ALLAN RAMSAY'S TEA-TABLE MISCELLANY. 1724.
THE LADY'S POETICAL MAGAZINE, or Beauties of British Poets. 4 Vols. London,
1781.
THE HIVE, 3 Vols., containing _First_ Edition of Vol. I.
THE HIVE. Vol. III. 4th Edition. (Edition in 4 Vols.)
LONDON MAGAZINE. Vols. after the year 1763.
Wanted by _Fred. Dinsdale_, Esq., Leamington.
* * * * *
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L. M. T. (Bath) _is thanked; but _original poetry_ does not fall within the
objects of_ "N. & Q."
DIXON OF BEESTON.--_Our Chester Correspondent on this subject is thanked
for his information. He no doubt will agree with us that it is not
desirable to publish it, as it relates in some degree to one who need not
be brought before the public._
ANNIE (Brixton) _will see in our_ First Volume _a tolerably full history of
what Sterne has made world-renowned_--"God tempers the wind to the shorn
lamb."
ELECTRIC TELEGRAPH.--C. W. F. _is thanked, and referred to our_ Sixth
Volume, p 93., _where he will see Addison's notice of the Electric
Telegraph; and to_ p. 204. _of the same volume for a valuable communication
from_ MR. SINGER _on Strada's_ Sympathetic Magnetic _telegraph_.
ONE WHO HAS WHISTLED AT THE PLOUGH.--_The three grains of pyrogallic acid
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OUR EIGHTH VOLUME _is now bound and ready for delivery, price_ 10s. 6d.,
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W. H. HART, RECORD AGENT and LEGAL ANTIQUARIAN (who is in the possession of
Indices to many of the early Public Records whereby his Inquiries are
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among the Public Records, MSS. in the British Museum, Ancient Wills, or
other Depositories of a similar Nature, in any Branch of Literature,
History, Topography, Genealogy, or the like, and in which he has had
considerable experience.
1. ALBERT TERRACE, NEW CROSS, HATCHAM, SURREY.
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HEAL & SON'S SPRING MATTRESSES.--The most durable Bedding is a well-made
SPRING MATTRESS: it retains its elasticity, and will wear longer without
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contains designs and prices of upwards of 100 Bedsteads, and prices of
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HEAL & SON, 196. Tottenham Court Road.
* * * * *
{340}
ARUNDEL SOCIETY.--The Publication of the Fourth Year (1852-3), consisting
of Eight Wood Engravings by MESSRS. DALZIEL, from Mr. W. Oliver Williams'
Drawings after GIOTTO'S Frescos at PADUA, is now ready: and Members who
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Cameras, Lenses, and all the necessary Photographic Apparatus and
Chemicals, are supplied, tested, and guaranteed.
Gratuitous Instruction is given to Purchasers of Sets of Apparatus.
PHOTOGRAPHIC INSTITUTION,
168. New Bond Street.
* * * * *
IMPROVEMENT IN COLLODION.--J. B. HOCKIN & CO., Chemists, 289. Strand, have,
by an improved mode of Iodizing, succeeded in producing a Collodion equal,
they may say superior, in sensitiveness and density of Negative, to any
other hitherto published; without diminishing the keeping properties and
appreciation of half-tint for which their manufacture has been esteemed.
Apparatus, pure Chemicals, and all the requirements for the practice of
Photography. Instruction in the Art.
THE COLLODION AND POSITIVE PAPER PROCESS. By J. B. HOCKIN. Price 1s., per
Post. 1s. 2d.
* * * * *
Collodion portraits and views obtained with the greatest ease and certainty
by using BLAND & LONG'S preparation of Soluble Cotton; certainty and
uniformity of action over a lengthened period, combined with the most
faithful rendering of the half-tones, constitute this a most valuable agent
in the hands of the photographer.
Albumenized paper, for printing from glass or paper negatives, giving a
minuteness of detail unattained by any other method, 5_s_. per Quire.
Waxed and Iodized Papers of tried quality. Instruction in the Processes.
BLAND & LONG, Opticians and Photographical Instrument Makers, and Operative
Chemists, 153. Fleet Street, London.
*** Catalogues sent on application.
* * * * *
The sight preserved by the Use of SPECTACLES adapted to suit every variety
of Vision by means of SMEE'S OPTOMETER, which effectually prevents Injury
to the Eyes from the Selection of Improper Glasses, and is extensively
employed by
BLAND & LONG, Opticians, 153. Fleet Street, London.
* * * * *
WESTERN LIFE ASSURANCE AND ANNUITY SOCIETY.
3. PARLIAMENT STREET, LONDON.
Founded A.D. 1842.
_Directors._
H. E. Bicknell, Esq. | T. Grissell, Esq.
T. S. Cocks, Jun. Esq., M.P. | J. Hunt, Esq.
G. H. Drew, Esq. | J. A. Lethbridge, Esq.
W. Evans, Esq. | E. Lucas, Esq.
W. Freeman, Esq. | J. Lys Seager, Esq.
F. Fuller, Esq. | J. B. White, Esq.
J. H. Goodhart, Esq. | J. Carter Wood, Esq.
_Trustees._--W. Whateley, Esq., Q.C.; George Drew, Esq., T. Grissell,
Esq.
_Physician._--William Rich. Basham, M.D.
_Bankers._--Messrs. Cocks, Biddulph, and Co., Charing Cross.
VALUABLE PRIVILEGE.
POLICIES effected in this Office do not become void through temporary
difficulty in paying a Premium, as permission is given upon application to
suspend the payment at interest, according to the conditions detailed in
the Prospectus.
Specimens of Rates of Premium for Assuring 100l., with a Share in
three-fourths of the Profits:--
Age L s. d. | Age L s. d.
17 1 14 4 | 32 2 10 8
22 1 18 8 | 37 2 18 6
27 2 4 5 | 42 3 8 2
ARTHUR SCRATCHLEY, M.A., F.R.A.S., Actuary.
Now ready, price 10s. 6d., Second Edition, with material additions,
INDUSTRIAL INVESTMENT and EMIGRATION: being a TREATISE ON BENEFIT BUILDING
SOCIETIES, and on the General Principles of Land Investment, exemplified in
the Cases of Freehold Land Societies, Building Companies, &c. With a
Mathematical Appendix on Compound Interest and Life Assurance. By ARTHUR
SCRATCHLEY, M.A., Actuary to the Western Life Assurance Society, 3.
Parliament Street, London.
* * * * *
CHUBB'S FIRE-PROOF SAFES AND LOCKS.--These safes are the most secure from
force, fraud, and fire. Chubb's locks, with all the recent improvements,
cash and deed boxes of all sizes. Complete lists, with prices, will be sent
on application.
CHUBB & SON, 57. St. Paul's Churchyard, London; 28. Lord Street, Liverpool;
16. Market Street, Manchester; and Horseley Fields, Wolverhampton.
* * * * *
PHOTOGRAPHY.--HORNE & CO.'S Iodized Collodion, for obtaining Instantaneous
Views, and Portraits in from three to thirty seconds, according to light.
Portraits obtained by the above, for delicacy of detail rival the choicest
Daguerreotypes, specimens of which may be seen at their Establishment.
Also every description of Apparatus, Chemicals, &c. &c. used in this
beautiful Art.--123. and 121. Newgate Street.
* * * * *
Photography.--Messrs. A. MARION & CO. beg to inform the Artists and
Amateurs that they are now ready to supply them with papers manufactured
expressly for Photographic purposes: since it has been tried it has
received the unanimous good opinion of the most successful operators.
Positive and Negative (not prepared), Simple Salted, and Salted Albumenized
Positive, Simple Waxed, and Waxed Iodized Negative, Gummed Paper, and Cards
for Mounting Proofs.
PAPETERIE MARION, 152. Regent Street.
* * * * *
Patronised by the Royal Family.
Two thousand pounds for any person producing Articles superior to the
following:
THE HAIR RESTORED AND GREYNESS PREVENTED.
BEETHAM'S CAPILLARY FLUID is acknowledged to be the most effectual article
for Restoring the Hair in Baldness, strengthening when weak and fine,
effectually preventing falling out or turning grey, and for restoring its
natural colour without the use of dye. The rich glossy appearance it
imparts is the admiration of every person. Thousands have experienced its
astonishing efficacy. Bottles, 2s. 6d.; double size, 4s. 6d.; 7s. 6d. equal
to 4 small: 11s. to 6 small: 21s. to 13 small. The most perfect beautifier
ever invented.
SUPERFLUOUS HAIR REMOVED.
BEETHAM'S VEGETABLE EXTRACT does not cause pain or injury to the skin. Its
effect is unerring, and it is now patronised by royalty and hundreds of the
first families. Bottles, 5s.
BEETHAM'S PLASTER is the only effectual remover of Corns and Bunions. It
also reduces enlarged Great Toe Joints in an astonishing manner. If space
allowed, the testimony of upwards of twelve thousand individuals, during
the last five years, might be inserted. Packets, 1s.; boxes, 2s. 6d. Sent
Free by BEETHAM, Chemist, Cheltenham, for 14 or 36 Post Stamps.
Sold by PRING, 30. Westmorland Street; JACKSON, 9. Westland Row; BEWLEY &
EVANS, Dublin; GOULDING, 108. Patrick Street, Cork; BARRY, 9. Main Street,
Kinsale; GRATTAN, Belfast; MURDOCK, BROTHERS, Glasgow; DUNCAN & FLOCKHART,
Edinburgh. SANGER, 150. Oxford Street; PROUT, 229. Strand; KEATING, St.
Paul's Churchyard; SAVORY & MOORE, Bond Street; HANNAY, 63. Oxford Street;
London. All Chemists and Perfumers will procure them.
* * * * *
GROSJEAN'S CELEBRATED TROWSERS,
16s. per Pair.
109. REGENT STREET.
* * * * *
SURPLICES.
GILBERT J. FRENCH, Bolton, Lancashire, has prepared his usual large Supply
of SURPLICES, in Anticipation of EASTER.
PARCELS delivered FREE at Railway Stations.
* * * * *
Bennett's model watch, as shown at the GREAT EXHIBITION, No. 1. Class X.,
in Gold and Silver Cases, in five qualities, and adapted to all Climates,
may now be had at the MANUFACTORY, 65. CHEAPSIDE. Superior Gold London-made
Patent Levers, 17, 15, and 12 guineas. Ditto, in Silver Cases, 8, 6, and 4
guineas. First-rate Geneva Levers, in Gold Cases, 12, 10, and 8 guineas.
Ditto, in Silver Cases, 8, 6, and 5 guineas. Superior Lever, with
Chronometer Balance, Gold, 27, 23, and 19 guineas. Bennett's Pocket
Chronometer, Gold, 50 guineas; Silver, 40 guineas. Every Watch skilfully
examined, timed, and its performance guaranteed. Barometers, 2l., 3l., and
4l. Thermometers from 1s. each.
BENNETT, Watch, Clock, and Instrument Maker to the Royal Observatory, the
Board of Ordnance, the Admiralty, and the Queen,
65. CHEAPSIDE.
* * * * *
Printed by THOMAS CLARK SHAW, of No. 10. Stonefield Street, in the Parish
of St. Mary, Islington, at No. 5. New Street Square, in the Parish of St.
Bride, in the City of London; and published by GEORGE BELL, of No. 186.
Fleet Street, in the Parish of St. Dunstan in the West, in the City of
London, Publisher, at No. 186. Fleet Street aforesaid.--Saturday, April 8,
1854.